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ESO Turns 40 CATHERINE CESARSKY, Director General of ESO

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ESO Turns 40 CATHERINE CESARSKY, Director General of ESO No. 109 – September 2002 ESO Turns 40 CATHERINE CESARSKY, Director General of ESO 1962 – 2002… start and promising perspectives for a ESO’s skillful and dedicated staff that Four decades super-giant telescope, ESO has ma- brought these great projects to fruition. that changed tured to become a major player on the I also want to salute the commitment of Europe – and world scene, offering to its community a the members of ESO Committees. I am forty years that unique complement of research facili- in particular grateful for the active sup- changed Euro- ties. Always a persistent driver of front- port over these past three years from pean Astron- line research, it is now the prime serv- the President of Council and from the omy. One full ice organization in its field on this con- Chairs of Finance Committee, Scientific generation of tinent, with thousands of scientists prof- and Technical Committee, VLTI Imple- scientists, a iting from precious data obtained with mentation Committee, Observing Pro- wonderful time telescopes at the ESO sites. In a gramme Committee, Users Committee during which steady and carefully planned process, and Visiting Committee, as well as from many of our new and extremely powerful instru- so many influential members of these dreams, our ments and telescopes are being devel- Committees. And, of course, above all, hopes, and our oped for the ESO community in close I wish to thank the member countries goals have finally come true. collaboration with research institutes for their enthusiastic support of ESO Our ancient science has always and the high-tech industry. Innovative throughout the years. been characterized by broad interna- concepts, like the Astro- tional collaboration. However, it was nomical Virtual Observa- only in the early 1950’s that our illustri- tory and associated data ous predecessors, led by Jan Hendrick archives with tens of Tera- Oort and Walter Baade, embarked bytes contribute to the upon the arduous political process that success of European As- ultimately gave birth to ESO. With great tronomy and Astrophys- foresight and an equal measure of ics. stubborn will, they paved the way for The challenges ahead some of the world’s best telescope and are commensurate with instrument facilities, the solid and the achievements of to- durable ground for a strong and brilliant day. To meet them, ESO, future of European Astronomy and a dynamic organization, is Astrophysics. committed to continuous From the construction of its first ob- progress and ever-in- servatory at La Silla on a remote moun- creasing efficiency. I want tain top in the inhospitable Atacama to take this opportunity to desert, to the momentous Very Large pay tribute to those who Telescope at Paranal, with the con- have contributed to ESO’s struction of the ALMA project about to success. I must start with 1 ESO Council Meeting in London, 8–9 July 2002 To mark the occasion of the the tenth member state joining ESO, the UK invited ESO to hold its 98th Council meeting in London on 8–9 July 2002. The hosts provided a wonderful venue for the meeting in Trinity House, overlooking the Tower of London. An excursion to the historic Greenwich Observatory and a banquet at Lancaster House helped to make it an es- pecially memorable occasion. A landmark decision made at the meeting was the approval for the construction and operation of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). The speeches given at the banquet by Lord Sainsbury, A. Freytag and C. Cesarsky are printed below, followed by an article by Prof. Gerry Gilmore on the British astronomers’ perspective. Speeches to Mark the Accession of the UK to ESO Lord Sainsbury, UK Science Minister Good evening Ladies and Gentle- than the provider of all the facilities International collaboration is a key men and welcome to you all. It is a themselves. For this reason, the part of this strategy because the char- great pleasure for me to act as host Science and Innovation White Paper acteristics of these large-scale facilities tonight for this dinner, which is held to ‘Excellence and Opportunity’, which we often make collaboration the most ef- celebrate the UK’s accession to the Eu- produced two years ago, undertook to fective means of provision: They are ropean Southern Observatory (ESO). I develop a ten-year rolling plan for fu- expensive to build and operate; they am delighted too, that we have the op- ture large-scale facilities, taking ac- frequently serve national and interna- portunity to host this ESO Council count of developments in Europe and tional users; and they tend to be multi- meeting, and that we have the ESO elsewhere, to ensure that UK re- disciplinary. Council Members and the principal offi- searchers have access to the best fa- The UK astronomy community was cials of ESO present here tonight. cilities in the world. also asked, a few years ago, to exam- I am sure I speak for the entire UK The Large Facilities Strategic Road- ine their science priorities for the next astronomy community when I say how map, which we produced, represents ten to fifteen years, and also to identify much we are looking forward to partici- the first attempt at a ten to fifteen year the facilities required to address those pating in ESO and taking advantage of map of future facility requirements. The priorities. The message received was its marvellous facilities. I also hope very aim of the document is to provide a clear – joining ESO was the top priority much the UK’s participation will lead to longer-term vision of future require- for astronomy. a strengthening of ESO and a widening ments of the UK Science and Engi- Our astronomers recognized that the of its capabilities for astronomical re- neering Base. It reflects the context of current generation of World-leading tel- search. future European, or in some cases glo- escope facilities are on a scale that can As Minister for Science, I see my role bal, requirements for large-scale facili- only be achieved through international as the provider of access to World- ties in order to assess the most effec- partnerships. This of course has been class facilities for UK scientists rather tive approach for satisfying UK needs. an increasing trend for some years and Gathered in the historic Octagon Room of the Royal Greenwich Observatory, London, Ian Halliday (CEO, Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council) stresses the benefits to British astronomers of belonging to the European Southern Observatory. The Panel consisted of (left to right) Roy Clare (Director of the National Maritime Museum), Arno Freytag (President of the ESO Council), Lord Sainsbury (Science Minister), Gerry Gilmore (Cambridge University), Ian Halliday, Catherine Cesarsky (Director General of ESO) and Pat Roche (Oxford University). Courtesy PPARC. 2 will no doubt become more pronounced The UK now embarks on a new jour- We believe, therefore, that strong inter- for future telescopes under considera- ney with the joining of ESO. There are national relationships are essential; any tion. some exciting opportunities ahead and society that is closed, inward looking The Government responded to the I am aware in particular of the ALMA and defensive will not long remain at wishes of the astronomy community in project. the forefront of science because it can- the Government’s 2000 Spending This global project, with Europe, not take part in global collaboration. I Review, when it made a special contri- North America, and possibly Japan, all believe that the UK is stronger when it bution to PPARC of £100 m over the working together, promises, once com- collaborates internationally and I want next 10 years specifically to allow the pleted, hopefully in 2009, to be the the UK to be a key player in European UK to join ESO. We are of course very largest ground-based astronomy facility and global science. pleased that the UK is now at last a ever constructed. The UK is very en- The message I want to convey to you member of ESO. The UK has joined thusiastic about becoming involved in is very simple. We are very pleased probably the World’s leading observa- ALMA. I know ESO Council has been that the UK has finally joined ESO, we tory and UK astronomers will gain ac- considering this subject carefully and are excited by the opportunities that lie cess to some of the World’s most ad- we look forward to its decision on par- ahead, and we hope UK participation vanced telescopes including ESO’s ticipation. will serve to strengthen this renowned Very Large Telescope. Joining ESO also The UK currently funds about 5% of international organization. integrates the UK astronomical com- World science. This means that over Thank you. munity with that of continental Europe. 95% of science is funded elsewhere. Dr. Arno Freytag, President of the ESO Council Lord Sainsbury, distinguished guests, enormous progress in the past few bution of Vista, a uniquely powerful in- ladies and gentlemen; decades. The outstanding recent tele- frared survey telescope that will consid- Thank you for your warm words of scopes in space and on the ground are erably enhance the already exceptional welcome and for inviting us to dinner in allowing us to accelerate the pace of capabilities of our Paranal observatory. these magnificent surroundings, which that progress. Europe has to work to- I can say, without any false modesty, I must say compare rather favourably gether in astronomy – as it has demon- that ESO has become the leading as- with the facilities in Garching! strated it can do in other fields, such as tronomical observatory in the world.
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