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Proceedings of the Tenth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Piran, Slovenia, 2008. Devetak, D., Lipovšek, S. & Arnett, A.E. (eds). Maribor, Slovenia, 2010. Pp. 181–189.

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The Neuropterida of Triveneto (Northern Italy): an updated faunal checklist with some zoogeographical remarks

Agostino Letardi1, Rinaldo Nicoli Aldini2 & Roberto A. Pantaleoni3,4 1ENEA - C.R. CASACCIA, BIOTEC SIC, S.P. 046, Via Anguillarese 301, 00123 S. Maria di Galeria, Roma, Italy; E-mail: [email protected] 2Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, via Emilia Parmense 84, 29100 Piacenza, Italy; E-mail: [email protected] 3 Dipartimento di Protezione delle Piante, sezione di Entomologia agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, via Enrico De Nicola, 07100 Sassari SS, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]; 4 Istituto per lo Studio degli Ecosistemi - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (ISE-CNR), Traversa la Crucca 3, Regione Baldinca, 07100 Li Punti SS, Italy; E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract. As far as we know, about two-thirds of the whole Italian Neuropterida fauna (Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera) are present in north-eastern Italy (i.e. in the so-called „Triveneto‟, corresponding to the administrative regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) and almost all the families reported in Italy (with the exception of Dilaridae and Berothidae) are also quoted for this area. In the present work, an updated checklist of the species is provided and faunal notes on certain noteworthy species as well as zoogeographical considerations concerning connections among Triveneto, Central Europe, the Apennine Peninsula and the Balkan Peninsula are presented. As far as Neuropterida are concerned, Triveneto can be considered a well-studied area.

Key words: Raphidioptera, Megaloptera, Neuroptera, Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, fauna

Introduction

The “Triveneto” (also know as “Tre Venezie”) macro-region covers the three Italian administrative regions of Trentino-Alto Adige, Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia, i.e. the north-eastern sector of continental Italy. A large sector of the Alps, the Pianura Padana and the Adriatic coast fall within this area which is therefore subject to different types of climate (Fig. 1).

On the southern edge of Central Europe, between the eastern sector of the Italian peninsula and the western sector of the Balkan peninsula, from a biogeographical point of view Triveneto is part of both the Central- European and Mediterranean subregions within the West Paleartic region (Vigna Taglianti et al., 1992; AA.VV., 2005). It borders on Engadine, North-Tyrol and Carinthia to the north, the Istrian peninsula and Slovenia to the east, the Adriatic Sea and the Po river to the south. The western part of Triveneto also borders on the Insubric area, where the great lakes of glacial origin are located. Starting from Lake Garda, thermophilic Mediteranean faunal elements penetrate Triveneto, including along the Adige Valley, rising to the subalpine and alpine environments. On the other hand, the characteristic springs of the Friuli plain have an opposite effect on local climatic conditions, favouring the presence of Alpine elements in a plain environment. On the whole, because of its geographic location and orographic and hydrographic conditions, Triveneto exhibits a high biodiversity as a result of different affinities: Mediterranean, Balkan, Alpine and also the Danubian basin to the north. This complexity also interests the entomological fauna too and it is not surprising that much of the Italian neuropterofauna is cited for Triveneto.

ISBN 978-961-6657-16-7 © 2010 Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics UM

Fig.1. The Triveneto area.

As regards Neuropterida, the Triveneto should be considered well studied: due to its geographical peculiar location, this area has been positively affected by the historically fervid activity of Central European entomologists (see Aspöck, 1963a, 1963b; Hellrigl & Hölzel, 1996; Hellrigl, 2007). Besides, a satisfactory (sometimes optimal) knowledge of the Neuropterida of most of the surrounding areas (such as lower Engadine, Carinthia, Slovenia, Camonica Valley, Comacchio lowlands) (Hölzel, 1964, 1973; Eglin-Dederding, 1980; Pantaleoni, 1982, 1984, 1986; Devetak, 1984, 1992, 2002; Hölzel & Wieser, 1999; Nicoli Aldini, 1994, 2005) permits useful comparisons.

With this contribution, we intend to focus on current faunal knowledge of Neuropterida in Triveneto.

Material and methods

Over the last 25 years we have carried out several field investigations in this area, have examined specimens collected by colleagues, and have studied public and private collections: overall, more than 1500 specimens of Neuropterida from Triveneto have been personally examined by us. This work has permitted us to add a huge amount of data to the references published in more than one hundred papers (cfr. Letardi, 2000). Our checklist considers any reliable reference published since the end of 2008, as well as unpublished data from our studies and examinations. Besides our personal collections (Letardi collection, Nicoli Aldini collection, Pantaleoni collection), the main collections examined are: - Collection of the Museo di Zoologia dell‟Università “La Sapienza”, Roma (Letardi & Pantaleoni, 1996); - Collection of the Istituto di Entomologia agraria dell‟Università, Padova (Pantaleoni, 1990); - Collection of the Istituto di Entomologia “Guido Grandi” dell‟Università, Bologna (Pantaleoni & Letardi, 1998); and the collections of the following Institutions: - Zoologisch Museum, Instituut voor Taxonomische Zoologie, Universiteit van Amsterdam; - Museo Civico di Scienze Naturali “Enrico Caffi”, Bergamo; - Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin;

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- Museo di Storia Naturale “La Specola”, Firenze, Sezione di Zoologia; - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale “Giacomo Doria”, Genova; - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Milano; - Istituto di Entomologia e Patologia vegetale, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza; - Museo Civico di Zoologia, Roma; - Dipartimento di Biologia e Protezione delle Piante, Sezione di Entomologia, Università, Udine; - Museo Friulano di Storia Naturale, Udine; - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale, Venezia; - Centro Nazionale per lo Studio e la Conservazione della Biodiversità Forestale "Bosco Fontana", Verona; - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule, Zürich.

The material has been determined up to species level following H. Aspöck et al. (1980, 1991, 2001) as basic literature, also for systematic list and nomenclature, except for recent updates and some our personal opinions, partially already reported in the checklist of Italian fauna ([Bernardi] Iori et al., 1995). Biogeographical notes refer to chorotypes proposed by Vigna Taglianti et al. (1993), considering the general distribution of species as reported in H. Aspöck et al. (2001).

As regards the sibling species of Chrysoperla carnea complex, the most dated references are actually useless. In order to list these taxa, we use recent contributions by Henry and co-authors (Henry, 1983; Henry et al., 1996, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2003), and Thierry and co-authors (Thierry et al., 1992, 1998; Canard & Thierry, 2007). General chorologic information on these Chrysoperla can also be based provisionally on data reported in these studies.

In order to compare our list, and the data relative to Friuli-Venezia Giulia in particular, with the published data on the presence of Neuropterida in Istria, we used the Istrian chorological data reported by H. Aspöck et al. (1980), updated with Devetak (2002).

Checklist

The whole analysis is summarized in Table 1, indicating old and recent data with different colours (we have distinguished specimens collected, respectively, before 1961 and after 1960), on the basis of what we know up to now. Species doubtfully present in the Triveneto area are listed too, but with a question mark; they are not included in the count for each family.

Discussion

One hundred and twenty-three species of Neuropterida are here mentioned for the Triveneto area, two thirds of the entire Italian neuropterofauna ([Bernardi] Iori et al., 1995; Letardi, 2006). All of the three orders of Neuropterida and almost all of the families reported in Italy are represented, except for two rare families of Neuroptera s. str., i.e. Berothidae and Dilaridae. A large number of Italian species of Chrysopidae and Hemerobiidae are reported for Triveneto, nearly 75% and 95% respectively. Most of the species listed here have been collected recently (i.e. after 1960) in this area; in some cases we have no recent data, but presence is to be predicted as very likely. In a few cases, the absence of recent captures could mean a possible situation of local extinction, as for Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764), an unmistakable antlion quoted for two places in the Lake Garda area, but many years ago. Natural and/or anthropogenic causes and the disappearance of microhabitat in which this Turanian-Mediterranean species lives may have provoked local extinction of this insect, which is widely distributed and well established in central-southern Italy but only present in very small areas within the continental part of our country.

Some of the species listed in Table 1 are here reported for the first time for one or more administrative areas of Triveneto, such as Nineta inpunctata (Reuter, 1894), Hemerobius (Hemerobius) schedli Hölzel, 1970, Helicoconis (Helicoconis) lutea (Wallengren, 1871), Helicoconis (Helicoconis) pseudolutea Ohm, 1965; worthy of note is the first Italian record for Nineta carinthiaca (Hölzel, 1965).

Almost all the species reported are characteristic of Alpine or pre-Alpine environments, although most of them are also present in lowland habitats: only Creoleon plumbeus (Olivier, 1811) and Dichochrysa sp. prope picteti (McLachlan, 1880) seem to be restricted to coastal or lowland habitats. Comparing all the Alpine and pre-Alpine neuropterofauna (about 55 genera and 160 species) with that of Triveneto, up to now 75% (i.e. 50 genera and 121 species) of this peculiar fauna are reported for Triveneto. This is fairly predictable result, due to the fact that most Neuropterida species are very widely distributed.

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Table 1. Checklist of the Neuropterida of Triveneto (abbreviations: TA = Trentino-Alto Adige; VE = Veneto; FV = Friuli- Venezia Giulia; beside the name of every family, the total number of the known species for every administrative region is reported; other abbreviations, see footnotes).

N. Family, species TA VE FV RAPHIDIIDAE 7 5 7 1 Phaeostigma (Phaeostigma) notatum (Fabricius, 1781) Phaeostigma (Magnoraphidia) majus (Burmeister, 1839) ? 2 Dichrostigma flavipes (Stein, 1863) 3 Subilla confinis (Stephens, 1836) ? 4 Ornatoraphidia flavilabris (Costa, 1855) ! 5 Xanthostigma xanthostigma (Schummel, 1832) 6 Raphidia ophiopsis ophiopsis Linnaeus, 1758 ? ? 7 Raphidia ulrikae Aspöck, 1964 8 Puncha ratzeburgi (Brauer, 1876) 9 Venustoraphidia nigricollis (Albarda, 1891) INOCELLIIDAE 2 1 0 10 Parainocellia bicolor (Costa, 1855) ! 11 Inocellia crassicornis (Schummel, 1832) SIALIDAE 2 3 4 12 Sialis fuliginosa Pictet, 1836 13 Sialis lutaria (Linnaeus, 1758) 14 Sialis morio Klingstedt, 1932 15 Sialis nigripes Pictet, 1865 NEVRORTHIDAE 0 0 1 16 Nevrorthus apatelios Aspöck, Aspöck & Hölzel, 1977 OSMYLIDAE 1 1 1 17 Osmylus fulvicephalus (Scopoli, 1763) CHRYSOPIDAE 27 23 23 18 Nothochrysa fulviceps (Stephens, 1836) 19 Hypochrysa elegans (Burmeister, 1839) ! 20 Italochrysa italica (Rossi, 1790) * 21 Nineta carinthiaca (Hölzel, 1965) ! 22 Nineta flava (Scopoli, 1763) ! 23 Nineta inpunctata (Reuter, 1894) ? ? ! 24 Nineta pallida (Schneider, 1845) 25 Nineta vittata (Wesmael, 1841) ! 26 Chrysotropia ciliata (Wesmael, 1841) 27 Chrysopa abbreviata Curtis, 1834 ! 28 Chrysopa dorsalis Burmeister, 1839 29 Chrysopa formosa Brauer, 1850 ! 30 Chrysopa nigricostata Brauer, 1850 ? 31 Chrysopa pallens (Rambur, 1838) 32 Chrysopa perla (Linnaeus, 1758) sensu Schneider, 1851 33 Chrysopa phyllochroma Wesmael, 1841 34 Chrysopa viridana Schneider, 1845

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Table 1. Continued.

35 Chrysopa walkeri McLachlan, 1893 ! 36 Dichochrysa abdominalis (Brauer, 1856) ! 37 Dichochrysa clathrata (Schneider, 1845) ? 38 Dichochrysa flavifrons (Brauer, 1850) ! 39 Dichochrysa mariana (Navás, 105) 40 Dichochrysa picteti (McLachlan, 1880) ! 41 Dichochrysa prasina (Burmeister, 1839) 42 Dichochrysa ventralis (Curtis, 1834) 43 Dichochrysa zelleri (Schneider, 1851) * 44 Cunctochrysa albolineata (Killington, 1935) 45 Cunctochrysa baetica (Hölzel, 1972) 46 Cunctochrysa bellifontensis Leraut, 1988 47 Peyerimhoffina gracilis (Schneider, 1851) Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) sensu lato 48 Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens, 1836) ! ? 49 Chrysoperla lucasina (Lacroix, 1912) ! ? ! 50 Chrysoperla pallida Henry, Brooks, Duelli & Johnson, 2002 ! Chrysoperla agilis Henry, Brooks, Duelli & Johnson, 2003 ? Chrysoperla mediterranea (Hölzel, 1972) ? HEMEROBIIDAE 39 33 31 51 Hemerobius atrifrons McLachlan, 1868 ! 52 Hemerobius contumax Tjeder, 1932 ! 53 Hemerobius fenestratus Tjeder, 1932 ! ! 54 Hemerobius gilvus Stein, 1863 ? * 55 Hemerobius handschini Tjeder, 1957 ! 56 Hemerobius humulinus Linnaeus, 1758 ! 57 Hemerobius lutescens Fabricius, 1793 58 Hemerobius marginatus Stephens, 1836 59 Hemerobius micans Olivier, 1792 60 Hemerobius nitidulus Fabricius, 1777 ! ! 61 Hemerobius perelegans Stephens, 1836 ? ? 62 Hemerobius pini Stephens, 1836 63 Hemerobius schedli Hölzel, 1970 ! 64 Hemerobius simulans Walker, 1853 ! 65 Hemerobius stigma Stephens, 1836 66 Wesmaelius (Wesmaelius) concinnus (Stephens, 1836) ! 67 Wesmaelius (Wesmaelius) quadrifasciatus (Reuter, 1894) 68 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) cunctatus (Ohm, 1967) ! 69 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) fassnidgei (Killington, 1933) ? 70 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) helveticus (Aspöck & Aspöck, 1964) ! 71 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) malladai (Navás, 1925) 72 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) mortoni (McLachlan, 1899) 73 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) nervosus (Fabricius, 1793) ! 74 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) ravus (Withycombe, 1923) 75 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) subnebulosus (Stephens, 1836) 76 Wesmaelius (Kimminsia) tjederi (Kimmins, 1963) 77 Psectra diptera (Burmeister, 1839)

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Table 1. Continued.

78 Sympherobius (Sympherobius) elegans (Stephens, 1836) 79 Sympherobius (Sympherobius) pygmaeus (Rambur, 1842) 80 Sympherobius (Niremberge) fuscescens (Wallengren, 1863) ! 81 Sympherobius (Niremberge) klapaleki Zeleny, 1963 82 Sympherobius (Niremberge) pellucidus (Walker, 1853) ? 83 Megalomus hirtus (Linnaeus, 1761) ! 84 Megalomus pyraloides Rambur, 1842 ! 85 Megalomus tineoides Rambur, 1842 ? 86 Megalomus tortricoides Rambur, 1842 87 Drepanepteryx algida (Erichson, 1851) 88 Drepanepteryx phalaenoides (Linnaeus, 1758) 89 Micromus angulatus (Stephens, 1836) 90 Micromus lanosus (Zeleny, 1962) ? ! 91 Micromus paganus (Linnaeus, 1767) ! ! 92 Micromus variegatus (Fabricius, 1793) SISYRIDAE 1 2 0 93 Sisyra nigra (Retzius, 1783) 94 Sisyra terminalis Curtis, 1854 ! CONIOPTERYGIDAE 8 7 2 95 Aleuropteryx loewii Klapalek, 1894 96 Helicoconis (Helicoconis) lutea (Wallengren, 1871) ? ? ! 97 Helicoconis (Ohmopteryx) pseudolutea Ohm, 1965 ! ? 98 Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) borealis Tjeder, 1930 ? 99 Coniopteryx (Coniopteryx) pygmaea Enderlein, 1906 * 100 Coniopteryx (Holoconiopteryx) haematica McLachlan, 1868 * 101 Coniopteryx (Metaconiopteryx) arcuata Kis, 1965 102 Coniopteryx (Metaconiopteryx) esbenpeterseni Tjeder, 1930 ? * 103 Conwentzia pineticola Enderlein, 1905 104 Conwentzia psociformis (Curtis, 1834) 105 Semidalis aleyrodiformis Stephens, 1836 ! Semidalis pseudouncinata Meinander, 1963 ? ? * MANTISPIDAE 1 1 1 106 Mantispa styriaca (Poda, 1761) MYRMELEONTIDAE 10 12 8 107 Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764) * 108 Acanthaclisis occitanica (Villiers, 1789) 109 Synclisis baetica (Rambur, 1842) 110 Myrmeleon bore (Tjeder, 1941) 111 Myrmeleon formicarius Linnaeus, 1767 112 Myrmeleon inconspicuus Rambur, 1842 113 Euroleon nostras (Geoffroy in Fourcroy, 1765) ! 114 Dendroleon pantherinus (Fabricius, 1787) 115 Macronemurus appendiculatus (Latreille, 1807) * 116 Neuroleon microstenus (McLachlan, 1898) * 117 Distoleon tetragrammicus (Fabricius, 1798) 118 Creoleon plumbeus (Olivier, 1811) ! 119 Megistopus flavicornis (Rossi, 1790) ! 120 Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845)

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Table 1. Continued.

ASCALAPHIDAE 2 2 2 121 Libelloides coccajus (Denis & Schiffermüller, 1775) 122 Libelloides longicornis (Linnaeus, 1764) 123 Libelloides macaronius (Scopoli, 1763) Libelloides latinus (Lefebvre, 1842) ? ?

LEGEND validated data after 1960 validated data preceding 1961 doubtful data (presence which needs confirmation) ? new data (species quoted in this area for the first time) ! species which have not been cited for FVG till now but reported for Istria *

The Triveneto area is located between the eastern sector of the Italian peninsula and the western sector of the Balkan peninsula, and borders with Central Europe: thus it is a transitional area between different faunas (Central European vs. Mediterranean; Apennine peninsula vs. Balkan peninsula), representing an area of great interest from a biogeographical point of view. Several species have their western distributional limits in this area, for example the Siberian-European alderfly Sialis morio Klingstedt, 1932, the Central-European snakefly Raphidia ulrikae H. Aspöck, 1964, the Asian-European inocelliid Inocellia crassicornis (Schummel, 1832), the Balkan sub-endemic lacewing Nevrorthus apatelios Aspöck & Aspöck & Hölzel, 1977, recently reported in a limited area of the Friulan pre-Alps (Letardi et al., 2006), the Central-European green lacewing Nineta carinthiaca (Hölzel), the Turanian-European owlfly Libelloides macaronius (Scopoli, 1763), widespread throughout the Balkan peninsula and reaching the Karst area of Venezia Giulia; otherwise, the distribution of the west-European owlfly Libelloides longicornis (Linnaeus, 1764) has its eastern limit in Friuli region.

A comprehensive zoogeographical analysis of the Neuropterida present in this area emphasizes a quite obvious prevalence of species with a large distributional area in the Holarctic region (about 55%, with Holarctic, Palearctic, Asian-European, Siberian-European, Turanian-European and Turanian-European-Mediterranean elements). Again obviously, species with a wide European distribution area are well-represented (about 35%, with European, Central-European and S-European elements). Species with a wide distribution but limited to the Mediterranean basin make up 9% of species. Only Parainocellia bicolor (Costa) among the Neuropterida of the Triveneto may be considered an endemic (or a sub-endemic) Italian species.

Finally, the state of the faunal knowledge of Neuropterida in the Triveneto area can be considered satisfactory, although further study regarding the precise distribution of each species in the different environments of this area could be worthy of interest. Further studies could better clarify the biodiversity of the family Coniopterygidae, which has probably been underestimated till now.

Acknowledgements. This wide-ranging and long-term faunal study could not have been carried out without aid from a large number of colleagues. Our special thanks go to all the colleagues who allowed us to study the public and private collections examined.

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Pantaleoni, R.A. 1986. I Neurotteri delle colture agrarie. Aspetti generali e stato delle ricerche nella Pianura Padana sud- orientale. Dimensione Ambiente, 8: 17–33.

Pantaleoni, R.A. 1990. I Neurotteri (Insecta Neuropteroidea) della collezione dell‟Istituto di Entomologia Agraria dell‟Università di Padova. Boll. Ist. Entomol. «Guido Grandi» Univ. Studi Bologna, 45: 73–99.

Pantaleoni, R.A. & Letardi, A. 1998. I Neuropterida della collezione dell‟Istituto di Entomologia «Guido Grandi» di Bologna. Boll. Ist. Entomol. «Guido Grandi» Univ. Studi Bologna, 52: 15–45.

Thierry, D., Cloupeau, R. & Jarry, M. 1992. La chrysope commune Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) sensu lato dans le centre de la France: mise en évidence d‟un complexe d‟espèces (Insecta: Neuroptera: Chrysopidae). In: Canard, M., Aspöck, H. & Mansell, M.W. (eds), Current Research in Neuropterology. Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Neuropterology. Bagnères-de-Luchon, France, 24–27 June 1991. Toulouse, France. Pp. 379–392.

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Bibliography of the Neuropterida

Bibliography of the Neuropterida Reference number (r#): 13648

Reference Citation: Letardi, A.; Nicoli Aldini, R.; Pantaleoni, R. A. 2010 [2010.11.25]. The Neuropterida of Triveneto (northern Italy): an updated faunal checklist with some zoogeographical remarks. Pp. 181-189 in Devetak, D.; Lipovšek, S.; Arnett, A. E. (eds.). Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Neuropterology (22-25 June 2008, Piran, Slovenia). University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia. 307 pp.

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