“Conversations with Harry Reeder and Bruce Stallings” Part Eighteen July 26, 2020 • Sunday Evening
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A Re-Examination of Luther's View on the State of the Dead
Journal of the Adventist Theological Society, 22/2 (2011):154-170. Article copyright © 2011 by Trevor O’Reggio. A Re-examination of Luther’s View on the State of the Dead Trevor O’Reggio Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary Andrews University Introduction Luther’s theology was forged in the crucible of his struggle to find forgiveness and peace from his overwhelming sense of guilt. He had an acute sense of misery and felt as if he hung in the balance between life and death. The German word that captures something of Luther’s emotional state is Anfechtung—one feels cut off from God and hope is suffocated. “Anfechtung is the foretaste of the peril of death.”1 It was not only the fear of death that terrorized him, but death itself was an ever-present reality for Luther. He lost two of his children in childhood, so by virtue of his experience, and his theology, he was forced to wrestle with the meaning of death and the after-life. It is not surprising then that Luther wrote much about death, some of it at times confusing and complicated. Did Luther believe in soul sleep or in an immortal soul that survives death? There are generally two views concerning the state of the dead among Christians. The first view asserts that when a person dies, his soul survives death and continues to exist in some place. For those who are saved, they go straight into paradise. For those who are not so righteous, they go into some halfway house called purgatory (Catholic view) where they are purified and made ready for paradise. -
What Paul Saw in the Third Heaven: Our Apostle Traveled Into
Martin Zender’s Sunday, December 2, 2018 Zapping You Whenever Thoughts Flow Volume 7, Issue 46 Z If boasting must be, though it is not expedient, indeed, yet I shall also be coming to apparitions and What Paul saw in the revelations of the Lord. 2 I am acquainted with a man in Christ, fourteen years before this, (whether third heaven. in a body I am not aware, or outside of the body, I am not aware—God is aware) such a one was snatched Our apostle traveled into the future. What he saw away to the third heaven. 3 And I am acquainted and heard there was so glorious that he was not with such a man (whether in a body or outside of permitted to speak of it. Might we venture a guess? the body I am not aware—God is aware) 4 that he was snatched away into paradise and hears ineffable declarations, which it is not allowed a man to speak. 5 Over such a one I shall be boasting; yet over myself I shall not be boasting, except in my infirmities (2 Corinthians 12:1-5). ’ve always been frustrated that one of our own went into the third heaven (and also into para- dise; more on this in a moment), returned, but wasI not allowed to speak of it. And neither could he write about it except to tell us that it had happened. What did he see? What did he hear? God forbade any first-person accounts. Still, God wanted the time-travel itself disclosed. -
Metaphysical Reflections on Human Personhood
CHAP1.fm Page 15 Wednesday, August 2, 2000 3:03 PM Part One Metaphysical Reflections on Human Personhood CHAP1.fm Page 16 Wednesday, August 2, 2000 3:03 PM Throughout the centuries Christians have believed that each human person consists in a soul and body; that the soul survived the death of the body; and that its future life will be immortal.1 H. D. LEWIS In terms of biblical psychology, man does not have a “soul,” he is one. He is a living and vital whole. It is possible to distinguish between his activities, but we cannot distinguish between the parts, for they have no independent existence.2 J. K. HOWARD How should we think about human persons? What sorts of things, fundamentally, are they? What is it to be a human, what is it to be a human person, and how should we think about personhood? . The first point to note is that on the Christian scheme of things, God is the premier person, the first and chief exemplar of personhood . and the properties most important for an understanding of our personhood are properties we share with him.3 A LVIN PLANTINGA CHAP1.fm Page 17 Wednesday, August 2, 2000 3:03 PM CHAPTER 1 Establishing a Framework for Approaching Human Personhood ................................................... ........................ T IS SAFE TO SAY THAT THROUGHOUT HUMAN HISTORY, THE VAST majority of people, educated and uneducated alike, have been dual- I ists, at least in the sense that they have taken a human to be the sort of being that could enter life after death while one’s corpse was left behind—for example, one could enter life after death as the very same individual or as some sort of spiritual entity that merges with the All. -
Heaven in the Early History of Western Religions
Alison Joanne GREIG University of Wales Trinity Saint David MA in Cultural Astronomy and Astrology Module Name: Dissertation Module Code: AHAH7001 Alison Joanne Greig Student No. 27001842 31 December 2012 Heaven in the early history of Western religions Chapter 1 Approaches to concepts of heaven This dissertation examines concepts of heaven in the early history of Western religions and the extent to which themes found in other traditions are found in Christianity. Russell, in A History of Heaven, investigates the origins of the concept of heaven, which he dates at about 200 B.C.E. and observes that heaven, a concept that has shaped much of Christian thought and attitudes, has been strangely neglected by modern historians.1 Christianity has played a central role in Western civilization and instructs its believers to direct their life in this world with a view to achieving eternal life in the next, as observed by Liebeschuetz. 2 It is of the greatest historical importance that a very large number of people could for many centuries be persuaded to see life in an imperfect visible world as merely a stage in their progress to a world that was perfect but invisible; yet, it has been neglected as a subject for study. Russell notes that Heaven: A History3 by McDannell and Lang mainly offers sociological insights.4 Russell holds that the most important aspects of the concept of heaven are the beatific vision and the mystical union.5 Heaven, he says, is the state of being in 1 Jeffrey Burton Russell, A History of Heaven – The Singing Silence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997) xiii, xiv. -
Heavenly Priesthood in the Apocalypse of Abraham
HEAVENLY PRIESTHOOD IN THE APOCALYPSE OF ABRAHAM The Apocalypse of Abraham is a vital source for understanding both Jewish apocalypticism and mysticism. Written anonymously soon after the destruction of the Second Jerusalem Temple, the text envisions heaven as the true place of worship and depicts Abraham as an initiate of the celestial priesthood. Andrei A. Orlov focuses on the central rite of the Abraham story – the scapegoat ritual that receives a striking eschatological reinterpretation in the text. He demonstrates that the development of the sacerdotal traditions in the Apocalypse of Abraham, along with a cluster of Jewish mystical motifs, represents an important transition from Jewish apocalypticism to the symbols of early Jewish mysticism. In this way, Orlov offers unique insight into the complex world of the Jewish sacerdotal debates in the early centuries of the Common Era. The book will be of interest to scholars of early Judaism and Christianity, Old Testament studies, and Jewish mysticism and magic. ANDREI A. ORLOV is Professor of Judaism and Christianity in Antiquity at Marquette University. His recent publications include Divine Manifestations in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (2009), Selected Studies in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (2009), Concealed Writings: Jewish Mysticism in the Slavonic Pseudepigrapha (2011), and Dark Mirrors: Azazel and Satanael in Early Jewish Demonology (2011). Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 130.209.6.50 on Thu Aug 08 23:36:19 WEST 2013. http://ebooks.cambridge.org/ebook.jsf?bid=CBO9781139856430 Cambridge Books Online © Cambridge University Press, 2013 HEAVENLY PRIESTHOOD IN THE APOCALYPSE OF ABRAHAM ANDREI A. ORLOV Downloaded from Cambridge Books Online by IP 130.209.6.50 on Thu Aug 08 23:36:19 WEST 2013. -
Because of the Angels: Warfare in Heavenly Places
Because of the Angels Warfare in Heavenly Places Dear Friend, In my previous letter I pointed out that Christians in their worship must reckon with the presence of angels—both good and evil. In particular, Scripture reveals the activity on earth of fallen angels before and also after the flood in Noah’s day. I referred, too, to the original rebellion of Lucifer—now known as Satan—described in Isaiah 14:12–15. In this letter I will examine that rebellion and its consequences in greater detail. Important insights into Lucifer’s rebellion are provided in Ezekiel 28:1–19, which depicts two persons—the prince of Tyre and the king of Tyre. The Prince and the King of Tyre The prince of Tyre apparently claimed to be a god, but in verse 9 he is depicted as a man dying at the hand of invaders: “Will you still say before him who slays you, ‘I am a god’? But you shall be a man, and not a god, In the hand of him who slays you.” On the other hand, the king of Tyre is clearly an angelic being who originally occupied a place of great honor in heaven. “You were in Eden, the garden of God; / Every precious stone was your covering . .” (verse 13). “You were the anointed cherub who covers [the throne of God with your wings]; / I established you; / You were on the holy mountain of God; / You walked back and forth in the midst of fiery stones” (verse 14). “You were perfect in your ways from the day you were created, / Till iniquity was found in you” (verse 15). -
The Reality of Hell
THE REALITY OF HELL Bob Ross Is there a place of literal fire where lost sinners will be confined throughout eternity? “HELL” • “SHEOL” • “HADES” • “GEHENNA” • “TARTARUS” The Bible was written in three languages: Hebrew (Old Testament), Chaldee (por- tion of Daniel), and Greek (New Testament). The Bible that we have today is a translation of the Hebrew, Chaldee, and Greek writings into our language. There are many transla- tions of the Bible, the most popular being the King James Version, which you probably own. The Word “Hell” in the King James Version There are four words in the KJV translated “hell.” Of these four words, only one of them is used in the Old Testament. That word is the Hebrew word “Sheol.” In the New Testament, the three words translated “hell” are “hades,” “gehenna,” and “tartarus,” all Greek words. What do these words mean? 1. The Hebrew word “sheol” is translated as follows. “Hell”—31 times, as in Psalm 9:17: “The wicked shall be turned into hell, and all the nations that forget God.” “Grave”—31 times, as in Ecclesiastes 9:10: “Whatsoever thy hand findeth to do, do it with thy might; for there is no work, nor device, nor knowledge, nor wisdom, in the grave, whither thou goest.” “Pit”—3 times, as in Job 17:16: “They shall go down to the bars of the pit, when our rest together is in the dust.” But actually, the Hebrew word “sheol” does not mean either “hell,” “grave,” or “pit.” It means “the unseen world” or “the place of departed spirits.” Notice how it is de- fined: Strong’s Hebrew and Chaldee Dictionary says that “sheol” is “the world of the dead.” Young’s Analytical Concordance says that “sheol” is “the unseen state.” Smiths Bible Dictionary says that “sheol” is “always the abode of departed spirits.” Fausset’s Bible Dictionary and Encyclopedia says that “sheol” is “the common re- ceptacle of the dead.” So sheol does not strictly refer to hell, but to the place of departed spirits, irrespec- tive of whether saved or lost. -
What Happens After Death According to the Hymns in the LSB
What Happens after Death According to the Hymns in the LSB What follows is meant to be proactive, meaning that I intend it to be a guide for those who write hymn texts and for those who select hymns for publication in the future, rather than a critique of texts that have been written and published in the past. I have wanted to do a study like this ever since seminary days when I heard professor Arthur Carl Piepkorn say that the laity in our Church get their theology primarily from hymns. That struck me as true then, and I think it is still true today. If it is true, then what follows should be of interest to anyone who writes hymns texts, translates them from other languages, edits earlier translations, selects hymn texts for publication, or reviews them for doctrinal correctness, as well as to everyone who uses them in worship, mediation or prayer. In my own case, before I got to the seminary, I believed that at death believers go immediately to heaven in the full sense of the word, a belief held by many of our lay people and many pastors. This is not surprising since the Book of Concord, which we believe is a correct and authoritative interpretation of the Sacred Scriptures, states: “We grant that the angels pray for us . We also grant that the saints in heaven (in coelis, im Himmel) pray for the church in general, as they prayed for the church while they were on earth. But neither a command nor a promise nor an example can be shown from Scripture for the invocation of the saints; from this it follows that consciences cannot be sure about such invocation.” (My italics. -
The Three Kingdoms
Are There Three Kingdoms in Heaven? www.makinglifecount.net Mormons teach that there are three kingdoms (celestial, terrestrial, telestial) in the afterlife. They base this belief on 1 Cor. 15:40-42: There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial; but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another. There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars; for one star differs from another star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the dead.” Mormons teach the 3 degrees of glory in the afterlife are explained by the 3 degrees of glory of the sun, moon, and stars. Telestial Kingdom—This is the lowest of the kingdoms and all who enter will be forever living apart from the presence of Father and Jesus. The telestial glory is typified by the stars, as the people who will live here will be as innumerable as the stars. Because there are differences in the stars, there are also differences in the degrees of glory one may receive here. Terrestrial Kingdom—This glory is typified by the moon. All those who rejected the Mormon gospel in life but accept it in the spirit world will live here. They will become ministering servants to those of the telestial kingdom. No marriages are permitted in this kingdom. They will forever remain unmarried, cannot achieve the state of exaltation, and although they will have the presence of the Son, they will not receive the fullness of the Father. Celestial Kingdom— Only LDS members and children who die before the age of eight are permitted into this kingdom. -
Who Lit the Fires of Hell? a Sermon on Matthew 5:21-37 by Nathan Nettleton, 12 February 2017 © Laughingbird.Net
Who Lit the Fires of Hell? A sermon on Matthew 5:21-37 by Nathan Nettleton, 12 February 2017 © LaughingBird.net Message We make a devilish mistake when we project the origins of hell onto God. Jesus calls us to follow him into a new way of life that will save us from plunging into the hells of our own making. Sermon One of the many things that the new stage musical, The Book of Mormon, makes fun of is the Mormons’ beliefs about hell. But actually, the Mormons beliefs about hell are not much different from what a lot of Christians believe. Hell has not featured much in my preaching to date, and I could perhaps be accused of avoiding the topic, but I think I have to say something about it tonight. In the version of the New Testament that I mostly use (NRSV), the word “hell” appears 13 times, and three of them were in tonight’s gospel reading. If you are one of those who firmly believes that every word of the Bible is to be taken literally in its plain and simple sense, then these references to hell are definitely bad news. They certainly are for me anyway. Maybe not you. But at face value, since I have been known to call someone a fool, I am “liable to the hell of fire”, and since I haven’t either plucked out my eyes or cut off my hands which have, on occasions, been known to participate in my sinful thoughts or sinful actions, I am in danger of my whole body being thrown into hell. -
Introducing Hell in Islamic Studies
CHAPTER � Introducing Hell in Islamic Studies Christian Lange In regard to the afterlife, scholars of Islam in the West have demonstrated a remarkably irenic temper, preferring to give far more attention to paradise than to hell. The Islamic hell, for the most part, has been viewed as no more than the mirror image of paradise, an ugly reflection of the beauties and the joys in heaven. Consequently, it has been considered a phenomenon of secondary logical and ontological order, as well as interest. The few general overviews of Islamic eschatology largely bypass the infernal regions,1 and the dedicated studies of the Islamic paradise, of which there are a fair number,2 cannot be said to be paralleled by the same number of scholarly forays into the Islamic hell.3 While the entry on paradise in the second edition of the Encyclopaedia of Islam (1954–2005) counts eleven columns in the printed edition, its entry 1 The most widely cited studies of this kind are Smith/Haddad, Islamic understanding, and El-Saleh, La vie future, each of whom pays much less attention to hell than to paradise. Also shorter overviews tend in this direction. See, for example, the classic study by Meier, The ultimate origin; or the stimulating essay by Reinhart, The here and the hereafter. 2 Al-Azmeh, Rhetoric for the senses; Lange, Paradise in the Islamic religious imagination; Lohlker/Nowak, Das islamische Paradies; MacDonald, Islamic eschatology—VI; Raven, A Kitāb al-ʿAẓama; Rosenthal, Reflections on love; Schimmel, The celestial garden. See also the numerous studies of aspects of paradise in the Quran, for example Horovitz, Das koranische Paradies; Jenkinson, Rivers of paradise; Lange, The discovery of paradise; Neuwirth, Reclaiming paradise lost; O’Shaughnessy, Eschatological themes, 76–107; Tubach, Schönheiten; Wendell, The denizens of paradise. -
Cremation and the Christian
Episode 426/427 – Cremation and the Christian CREMATION AND THE CHRISTIAN Interview with Dr. Doug Potter Introduction: No one likes to discuss death. The very thought of our loved ones leaving us brings about mixed emotions. Ultimately, it is a known fact as Scripture tells us God knows the exact number of days that we will remain on this earth. So, as we age the discussion does come up. What about after we’ve passed on? What about our body? Do we choose burial or cremation? And what does the Bible say about each of these? Since ancient times, cultures have practiced various burial ceremonies for the deceased. Some of the most elaborate were in Egypt where the Egyptians built great pyramids, mummified their pharaohs, and buried them with their treasure. In India, Zoroastrians placed the bodies of the deceased on roofs of their towers called Towers of Silence where vultures would eat the dead body. In places such as China and the northern Philippines, the tribes hang the coffins of the dead on steep cliffs. How should Christians bury their dead? Should Christians consider the popular practice of cremation? Only 5% of Americans were cremated in 1962 but by 2000 that percentage was up to over 25%. In countries like Japan where burial is sometimes illegal, their cremation rate is 98%. It is important for Christians to consider the manner in which we are buried. Some people say it really doesn’t matter. It’s the soul that’s eternal so the body doesn’t really matter. A lot of people have asked and continue to ask why it is important.