Aston Clinton Road MDA Broughton Buckinghamshire
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Aston Clinton Road MDA Broughton Buckinghamshire Archaeological Excavation for CgMs Consulting Ltd on behalf of Inland Homes CA Project: 669052 CA Report: 18384 June, 2019 © Cotswold Archaeology Aston Clinton Road MDA, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: Archaeological Excavation Aston Clinton Road MDA Broughton Buckinghamshire Archaeological Excavation CA Project: 669052 CA Report: 18384 Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by A 27.07.18 JCC Internal review B 27.03.19 JCC RWM completion C 08.04.19 JCC KEW QA D 21.06.19 RWM Curator’s comments This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Aston Clinton Road MDA, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: Archaeological Excavation CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 1 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 2 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 4 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 6 4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 7 5. RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 8 Area 1 8 Area 2 12 Area 3 14 6. THE FINDS ........................................................................................................ 27 7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE .......................................................................... 29 8. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 311 9. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 39 10. STORAGE AND CURATION .............................................................................. 39 11. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 40 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................... 50 APPENDIX B: LITHICS ................................................................................................... 94 APPEMDIX C: POTTERY ............................................................................................... 97 APPENDIX D: WORKED STONE ................................................................................... 103 APPENDIX E: MIXED FINDS AND METAL WORK......................................................... 1055 APPENDIX F: ANIMAL BONE ........................................................................................ 1077 APPENDIX G:PLANT MACROFOSSILS AND MOLLUSCS ............................................ 1201 APPENDIX H: WOOD CHARCOAL AND CHARRED PLANT REMAINS ....................... 120 APPENDIX I: OASIS REPORT FORM ............................................................................ 1255 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Aston Clinton Road MDA, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: Archaeological Excavation LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1: Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2: Photograph: site view, looking north-west Fig. 3: Plan of site, showing individual excavation areas and archaeological features (1:2500) Fig. 4: Plan of Areas 1A and 1B, showing archaeological features (1:500) Fig. 5: Area 1A: sections and photographs Fig. 6: Area 1A: photogrammetric image of Structure 2 Fig. 7: Area 1A ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 8: Area 1A: photograph: Structure 1 Fig. 9: Area 1A ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 10: Plan of Areas 2A and 2B, showing archaeological features (1:500) Fig. 11: Area 2B ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 12: Plan of Areas 3A and 3B, showing archaeological features (1:500) Fig. 13: Area 3A ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 14: Areas 3B ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 15: Plan of Area 3C, showing archaeological features (1:500) Fig. 16: Area 3C ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 17: Area 3C ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 18: Area 3C: photograph of Ditch B and Ditch I and associated features, (0.5m scales) Fig. 19: Plan of Area 3D, showing archaeological features (1:500/1:250) Fig. 20: Area 3D ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 21: Area 3D ditches: sections and photographs Fig. 22: Area 3D: Neolithic pits: sections and photographs Fig. 23: Area 3D: Neolithic pits: sections and photographs 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Aston Clinton Road MDA, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: Archaeological Excavation LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Summary of Early Neolithic pits in Area 3D Table 2: Summary of Middle-Late Bronze Age features in Area 3 Table 3: Radiocarbon dating results Table 4: Quantification of finds Table 5: Quantification of Biological Material Table 6: Context Descriptions Table 7: Breakdown of the Lithic assemblage Table 8: Lithics from Period 1 (Early Neolithic) pits Table 9: Lithics from Period 2 (Early to Middle Bronze Age) features Table 10: Prehistoric Pottery Fabric Concordance Table 11: Roman Pottery Fabric Concordance Table 12: Medieval and later pottery fabrics Table 13: Condition and Taphonomic factors affecting the hand-collected assemblage identified to taxa and/or element Table 14: Species Representation (NISP) of hand-collected assemblage Table 15: Medieval-phase species representation by anatomical elements (fragment count) Hand-collected bones. Table 16: Charred Plant Identifications Table 17: Mollusc Remains from Ditch A and Ditch B Table 18: Charcoal Identifications 5 © Cotswold Archaeology Aston Clinton Road MDA, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: Archaeological Excavation SUMMARY Project Name: Aston Clinton Road MDA Location: Broughton, Buckinghamshire NGR: 484881 213268 Type: Excavation Date: 03 April, 2018 to 17 July, 2018 Planning Reference: 15/03806/AOP Location of Archive: Buckinghamshire County Museum, Aylesbury Accession Number: AYBCM: 2018.42 Site Code: BABE 18 An archaeological excavation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology on land north of Aston Clinton Road, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire. Three principal areas were excavated (north, west and east), of which two (west and east) targeted features identified by Lidar survey and evaluations. Recorded archaeological features were predominantly associated with pastoral farming landscapes of the later prehistoric and Roman periods, but included a group of Early Neolithic pits in Area 3D, together with three undated post-built structures of probable prehistoric date. Areas 2 and 3 were dominated by ditched boundaries of the Middle-Late Bronze Age period, which included a major, north/south-aligned land division, together with a number of subsidiary field boundaries which appeared to represent at least two phases of development. Elements of a Late Iron Age/Roman farming landscape were represented by a further layout of boundary and trackway ditches, one of which appeared to conform to the alignment of a neighbouring Roman road. Beam-slot evidence of a small structure of this date may represent domestic settlement. Medieval remains were principally restricted to Area 1A, although the remains of parallel cultivation furrows extended across most excavation areas, and cut earlier features. Within Area 1A, a complex of recut rectilinear-plan ditches cut a major prehistoric ditch, and appeared to define adjoining tenements or farmstead enclosures. Associated with these were the poorly-preserved remains of two later medieval structures, including one of probable agricultural function. Together with surviving evidence of field systems and dispersed farmsteads, elements of the medieval landscape across this site appear to be contemporary with the adjacent moated manor of Broughton Parva and contemporary village centre of Broughton. This scheduled manorial site is located at the northern end of the western field within the site, and survives as a series of earthworks associated with a moated complex. 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Aston Clinton Road MDA, Broughton, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire: Archaeological Excavation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Between April and July, 2018, Cotswold Archaeology (CA) undertook an archaeological excavation at the request of CgMs Consulting Ltd, on behalf of Inland Homes, at Aston Clinton Road Major Development Area (MDA), Broughton, Buckinghamshire (centred at NGR: 484881 213268; Fig. 1). 1.2 Planning permission (Ref: 15/03806/AOP) for housing development and green space was granted by Aylesbury Vale and District Council (AVDC), conditional on a programme of archaeological work, which was determined by Eliza Alqassar, at that time the Archaeological Planning Officer (APO) for Buckinghamshire County Council (BCC), acting as the archaeological advisor to AVDC. Previous archaeological work at the site included a desk-based assessment and an earthwork survey (AS 2004), a geophysical survey (Stratascan 2005), a partial archaeological evaluation (AS 2007), cultural heritage assessments (Oxford Archaeology 2010; CgMs 2014) and a second phase of archaeological evaluation (Wessex Archaeology (WA 2015).