投稿類別：英文寫作類

篇名：

A Study of Concepts of High School Students on

探討高中生對電子音樂的認知

作者：

方宜琳 Fang, Yi-Lin。陽明工商 Yang Ming Vocational High School。應三忠 AFL3A

蘇瑞寶 Su, Ray-Bao。陽明工商 Yang Ming Vocational High School。應三忠 AFL3A

陳姿妤 Chen, Tzu-Yu。陽明工商 Yang Ming Vocational High School。應三忠 AFL3A

指導老師：

戴妏如 Tai, Wen-Ju

A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

I. Introduction

I.1. Background and Motivation

As far as our knowledge is concerned, the Electronic Music is always considered as an exciting entertainment in the modern life. Moreover, according to the famous music blogger reported, listening to the Electronic Music is like the comfortable situation of enjoying in the wind during summer time. However, based on information we have researched, this kind of music was invented since 19th centuries and recently more and more people have expanded various styles of it, such as Electronic Dancing Music. Meanwhile, this study group would figure out why high school students love this kind of music so much.

Based on the above reasons, we would like to do the profound research on this appealing Electronic Music through the Internet and related papers. Furthermore, this study will deduce the concepts of the high school students on Electronic Music.

I.2. Purposes of Research

According to the background and motivation of the study, the researcher would like to have a deeper research on Electronic Music. This study group will research the history of and the features of Electronic Music. Moreover, we will analyze the concepts of high school students on this fantastic entertainment style. The purposes of this study are mentioned below: a. To realize the history of Electronic Music b. To realize the features of Electronic Music c. To analyze the concepts of high school students on Electronic Music

I. 3. Methods

In order to satisfy our curiosity, we found some information through internets. The keywords we used to search on the internet were history and features of Electronic Music and Electronic entertainment. Furthermore, we used some of the information to generate our questionnaire. We asked 312 high school students to help us to fill in our questionnaires, and subsequently divided and investigated them. Then, we classified and analyzed the data we had collected. Therefore, the process of study is below:

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

Study Process

To Decide the Topic

To Resaerch the Related Keywords: Eletronic Music, Electronic Entertainment

To Make a Questionnaire

To Analyze and Classify the Results of Questionnaire

To Provide the Results and Suggetions of Study

Ⅱ. Findings / Discussion

Ⅱ.1. The History of Electronic Music

Electronic music is a broad category of modern music that includes a wide variety of styles. From (originated in South English electronic music) to , while most people think of electronic music as a product of the 21st century, the reality is that electronic music has been around for almost 50 years. (History of Electronic Music: From the 1970s to Today, 2014) The long history of electronic music has been classified chronologically below.

Ⅱ.1.1. 1950s and 1960s: Intended for Children

According to the Website of Electronic Music: History, Types & Artists: Early Electronic Music, in the 1950s and 1960s, there was the highly creative Canadian musician Bruce Haack started making electronic music that was originally intended for children. (Electronic Music: History, Types & Artists: Early Electronic Music, 2017)

Ⅱ.1.2. Late 1960s: Technological Advancements

Beginning in the late 1960s, electronic music was an explosion of creativity, technological advancement, and popularity. This period of advancement in many ways reflected the technological advancements in other branches of technology like personal computers and video games. (Electronic Music: History, Types & Artists: Early Electronic Music, 2017)

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

Ⅱ.1.3. Mid-1970s: Well-Known Around the World

By the mid-1970s, disco music was enjoyed as a peak period of popularity. Electronic were combined with drum machines to create a dance-friendly style of music that gained popularity throughout the world. (Electronic Music: History, Types & Artists: Early Electronic Music, 2017)

Pic 1: Some of Electroic Music Styles: Synthpop and Disco

(Ref.: History of Electronic Music: From the 1970s to Today, 2017)

Ⅱ.1.4. Early 1980s: Two Main Streams Formed

The European version, started by Giorgio Moroder, was very futuristic sounding and -based. The American version of disco was much more rooted in , soul, and other African-American genres. (Electronic Music: History, Types & Artists: Early Electronic Music, 2017)

Pic 2: Electronic synthesizer (Ref.: electronic music Britannica.com, 2017)

Ⅱ.1.5. Early 1990s: Trance and

During the 1990s, distinct genres of electronic music emerged, from hard house and to ambient and experimental. The early 1990s also marked the emergence of well-known electronic music genres like trance and drum and bass. (History of Electronic Music: From the

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

1970s to Today 2017)

Table 1: Evolution of Electronic Music (19th century)

(Ref.: Organized by this Study Group). 1950s & 1960s Late 1960s Mid-1970s Early 1980s Early 1990s Canadian Two Main Technologica Features Musician Bruce Disco Music Streams Distinct Genres l Growth Haack Formed Originally European/ Emergence: Worldwide Description Intended For Video Games American Trance and Well-Known Children Version Drum and Bass

Ⅱ.2. The Features of Electronic Music

II.2.1. Styles of European Version

Based on the related website, there are concluded 5 types of European Electronic music, including Trance, , UK garage, Jungle, Progressive, which are mentioned precisely below: (Electronic Music: History, 2017 ) (電音知多少?, 2017)

Table 2: Types of European Electronic Music (Ref.: Organized by this Study Group)

Original Styles Style Origin Fusion Elements Original Time Place:

Trance Berlin School New Age Pop Music. 1990s German

Downtempo Soul jazz, Jazz, Funk,Dub, Hip Hop Early 1990s UK UK garage Garage house Contemporary R&B Hip Mid-1990s UK Jungle , funk Hop, Dancehall 1990s UK Bass Hi-NRG 1990-1992 UK

II.2.2. Styles of American Version

Based on the website, there are concluded 5 types of American Electronic music, including , Electro, Breakbeat, House, Techno, which are mentioned precisely below: (電音知多 少?, 2017) (Electronic Music: History, 2017 )

Table 3: Types of American Electronic Music 4

A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

(Ref.: Organized by this Study Group)

Style Style origin Fusion elements Original time Original place

Electronic dance Electronica Late 1970s America music Hip Hop Electro Disco Early 1980s America Funk Hip Hop, Funk, Breakbeat Electronic Dance Late 1980s America Jazz Funk Synthpop, House Disco Early 1980s Chicago Hip hop Electro, Chicago House, Techno Mid-1980s Detroit Post-Disco Funk

Ⅱ.3. Results of Questionnaire

In order to have a deeper understanding about the concepts of senior high school students in Electronic Music, so we have asked 316 senior high school students to fill out the questionnaire. Moreover, we had classified and analyzed the results of questionnaire. Therefore, the results of questionnaire are analyzed below:

1. After listening to the audio above, how do you feel for this music?

100%

80%

60%

40% 33.9% 24.1% 25.7% 20% 14.7% 1.4% 0% Brisk Psychedelic Rhythm Shocked None of them

Analysis: From the chart we can conclude that, 74 percent of interviewees think “Rhythm” is the highest. The second high percentage is to consider “Psychedelic” (56%). Based on the result of study, most interviewees felt “rhythm” for this music that as we expected. 2. Have you ever contacted with related types of electronic music?

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

42% Yes “Yes” is 58% 58% No “No” is 42%

Analysis: As the chart illustrates, 58 percent of interviewees have ever contacted with related types of electronic music”, 42 percentages haven’t. Through this chart, we can infer that almost half of our interviewees (58%) have ever contacted with related types of electronic music.

3. Do you know the origin of electronic music dated back to the late 19th to the early 20th century?

“Yes” is 32%

“No” is 68%

Analysis: From the chart we can conclude that, 32 percent of interviewees know “the origin of electronic music dated back to the late 19th to the early 20th century”; 68 percentages don’t know. As we can infer from the result, the interviewees know mostly “Yes” are not as high as we expected. 4. Do you know the electronic music was founded in Europe?

36% Yes “Yes” is 36% No 64% “No” is 64%

Analysis: As we can see from the pie chart above, 36 percent of interviewees are “Yes”; 64 percent of interviewees are “No”. The interviewees know mostly “Yes” are not as high as we expected.

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

5. Electronic music consists in many different patterns. Do you know the common styles mentioned below? House, Trance, Techno, Electronica, Electro, Downtempo, UK garage, Breakbeat, Jungle, Progressive?

37% Yes “Yes” is 63%

63% No “No” is 37%

Analysis: As the chart shows, 63 percent of interviewees know that Electronic music consists in many different patterns; 37 percentages are “No”. Through this chart, we can infer that our interviewees (63%) know mostly as we expected. 6. Do you know the electronic music is widely used in movies and advertising soundtracks?

32% Yes “Yes” is 68%

No “No” is 32% 68%

Analysis: From the pie chart we can conclude that, 68 percent of interviewees think “Yes”. 32 percentages consider “No”. Through this chart, we can infer that our interviewees (68%) know mostly electronic music is widely used in movies and advertising soundtracks. 7. Do you know the Electronic Music Festival held around the world?

“Yes” is 56% 44% 56% Yes “No” is 44%

No

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

Analysis: As the chart shows, 56 percent of interviewees know the Electronic Music Festival held around the world, 44 percentages are “No”. Through this chart, we can infer that our interviewees know mostly the Electronic Music Festival held around the world. 8. Would you like to participate in the Electronic Music Festival?

47% 53% Yes “Yes” is 53% No “No” is 47%

Analysis: As the chart shows, 53 percent of interviewees would lie to participate in the Electronic Music Festival, 47 percent are “No”. Through this chart, we can infer that our interviewees would mostly like to participate in the Electronic Music Festival.

Ⅲ. Conclusion

Ⅲ. 1. The Results of Research

If we are not into this kind of music, we might think it is just a loud music. According to the results of our research, we have realized that Electronic Music consisted in several styles and features. Moreover, the history of this amazing music genre is very abundant. Based on the results of questionnaire, most answers are not the same as we expected. According to the results of our study, many people do not deeply know the history of Electronic Music. Approximately, third of the fourth interviewees (74%) considered that Electronic Music is a feeling of rhythm. 56 percentages are psychedelic, and even don’t have any feelings for Electronic Music (3%). The most unexpected result of questionnaire is “Do you know the electronic music was founded in Europe?” Beyond our expectation, many interviewees didn’t know about it (64%).

Ⅲ.2. The Suggestions of Study

Here are two suggestions for young students and education. Firstly, as for the students, understanding Electronic Music could make us have more international concepts of modern music. Secondly, as for the school, the authority can develop more courses for students to realize the music that could make us relieve our stress. Moreover, the school might hold more musical events to increase awareness of each other entertainment; meanwhile, it would be proper to learn about how to compose creative music on our own.

Ⅳ. References 8

A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

Hou, Wen-Hsuan（2011）. The Development and Influence of Electronic Music in Percussion Since 1950～2010。輔仁大學音樂研究所：碩士論文。

Yi-Chen Wu（2008）. Compositions by Yi-Chen Wu (with a Supporting Paper: A Study on Compositional Techniques and Ideas of Electroacoustic Music)。國立交通大學音樂研 究所：碩士論文。

Yusheng Huang（2004）. The Applications of Computer Technology on Musical Composition。國 立台北師範學院音樂研究所碩士論文。

傅蒸蔚（2013）。Adobe Audition 電子音樂錄制與編輯課堂實錄。出版社：清華大學出版社。

梁一萍, 黃郁芬（2017）。音樂學英文。出版社：書林出版有限公司。

熊川浩孝, 石田剛毅。譯者：陳弘偉 Ernie Chen; 林育珊（2017）。圖解編曲入門：掌握節拍、 樂句、合奏 3 大要訣，單調旋律立即華麗變身，有型有款！。出版社：易博士出版社。

Carrie Anne Philbin 著。江良志博碩文化/審校譯（2016）. Raspberry Pi 輕鬆學：遊戲創作×圖 形繪製×音樂創作×程式設計×Minecraft×音樂播放器.。出版社：博碩。

蔡國強（2015）。精彩 Flash CS6 動畫玩家(附綠色範例檔)。出版社：易習圖書。

DJ cookie（2012）電音知多少? Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from https://www.facebook.com/notes/dj-cookie/%E9%9B%BB%E9%9F%B3%E7%9F%A5%E5%A4% 9A%E5%B0%91/342395099127482/

New World Encyclopedia: Electronic music Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Electronic_music

2016 精選 10 首夏天必聽西洋輕電音 x 浩室樂曲，就是要你輕盈一夏！(2016) Retrieved Octobor, 31, 2017, from https://stillcarol.tw/2016-06-28-628/

Electronic Music: History, Types & Artists. Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from http://study.com/academy/lesson/electronic-music-history-types-artists.html

Piers Hollott（2014）What are some characteristics that distinguish electronic music from other musical genres? Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from https://www.quora.com/What-are-some-characteristics-that-distinguish-electronic-music-from-other -musical-genres

Lejaren Hiller（2017）Electronic music. Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from https://www.britannica.com/art/electronic-music

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A Study of Concepts of High School Students on Electronic Music

NICK GIBSON（2014）History of Electronic Music: From the 1970s to Today. Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from https://blog.udemy.com/history-of-electronic-music/

Kevin 鼓飛數位音樂部落（2009）電子鼓的特色及優點. Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from http://groovydrummer.pixnet.net/blog/post/97969492-%E9%9B%BB%E5%AD%90%E9%BC%93 %E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E8%89%B2%E5%8F%8A%E5%84%AA%E9%BB%9E

History of the Electric Guitar - Guitarist Source Retrieved October, 31, 2017, from http://www.guitaristsource.com/guitars/electric_Guitar.shtml

Appendix : Snapshot of Some Questionnaire Questions

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