LA RELIGIOSIDAD Y SU REPRESENTACIÓN POPULAR. A PROPÓSITO DEL DANCE DE MAINAR (ZARAGOZA) José María Enguita Utrilla1 Universidad de Zaragoza
1 6HDQ PLV SULPHUDV SDODEUDV GH DJUDGHFLPLHQWR D /ROD 7KLRQ \ D /XLV %HOWUiQ SRU KDEHUPH LQYLWDGR D FRODERUDU HQ HVWH (QFXHQWUR TXH EDMR HO WtWXOR GH©7UDGLFLyQ H LQWHUFXOWXUDOLGDG /DV UHODFLRQHV HQWUH OR FXOWR \ OR SRSXODU HQ ORV VLJORV ;,; \ ;;ª FRQVWLWX\H HO SXQWR GH DUUDQTXH RILFLDO GHO Seminario Internacional de Investigación sobre Tendencias Culturales TranspirenaicasTXHFRRUGLQDQDPERVSURIHVRUHVGHVGHODV8QLYHUVLGDGHV GH3DX\GH=DUDJR]DUHVSHFWLYDPHQWH 3HQVpTXHSRGUtDVHUXQEXHQPRWLYRSODQWHDUHQHVWDRFDVLyQGHVGHXQDSHUVSHFWLYD PX\DPSOLDODYLQFXODFLyQH[LVWHQWHHQWUHODUHOLJLRVLGDG\GHWHUPLQDGDVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHV SRSXODUHVGXUDQWHODpSRFDVHxDODGDFRQHOSURSyVLWRGHSRGHUHVWDEOHFHUGHVGHHVDLGHD JHQHUDO OD]RV GH XQLyQ HQWUH GLVWLQWDV iUHDV SLUHQDLFDV R SRU OR PHQRV GHWHUPLQDU ORV IDFWRUHVTXHKDQFRQWULEXLGRDVLQJXODUL]DUHQVXGHVDUUROORGLFKRVHVSDFLRVJHRJUiILFRV &LHUWDPHQWHHVWHWHPDDGPLWHXQDPSOLRDEDQLFRGHPDQLIHVWDFLRQHVHQODVTXHODP~VLFD ODGDQ]DODIXQFLyQWHDWUDOLQFOXVRODSLQWXUDODHVFXOWXUD\ODDUTXLWHFWXUDWLHQHQFDELGDVLQ ROYLGDUFyPRODVSUiFWLFDVUHOLJLRVDVKDQSRGLGRLQIOXLUHQRWURVQLYHOHVGHODFXOWXUDHQWUH HOORVODH[SUHVLyQOLQJtVWLFD 0HSDUHFLyRSRUWXQRSRUWRGDVHVWDVUD]RQHVWUDHUDHVWDUHXQLyQFRPRHMHPSORGHORV YtQFXORVHQWUHUHOLJLRVLGDG\UHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVSRSXODUHVXQWH[WRHQFX\DWUDQVFULSFLyQ\ DQiOLVLV WUDEDMR HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG HO GDQFH GH 0DLQDU =DUDJR]D $QWHV VLQ HPEDUJR RIUHFHUpXQRVEUHYHVFRPHQWDULRVVREUHHVWDWUDGLFLyQGHQXPHURVRVSXHEORVGH$UDJyQ TXHQRVRORKDORJUDGRVREUHYLYLUVLQRTXHLQFOXVRHVWiHQDXJHHQQXHVWURVGtDV 2 E c (Q XQR GH ORV PiV WHPSUDQRV GLFFLRQDULRV GH YRFHV DUDJRQHVDV %RUDR %RUDRGHILQLyHOdance FRPR©SDORWHDGR\GDQ]DGHHVSDGDVTXHDIHFWDQGRWUDMHSDVWRULOR GH PRURV \ FULVWLDQRV HMHFXWDQ ORV PR]RV GH =DUDJR]D\ RWURV SXHEORV GH $UDJyQ FRQ DFRPSDxDPLHQWR GH UHFLWDGR HQ YHUVR SDUD IHVWHMDU DO 6DQWR 3DWUyQ GHO EDUULR R GH OD ORFDOLGDGª 1 0LHPEUR GHO *UXSR GH ,QYHVWLJDFLyQ $5$/(; UHFRQRFLGR SRU HO *RELHUQRGH$UDJyQ\OD 8QLYHUVLGDGGH=DUDJR]D\VXEYHQFLRQDGRSRUHO)RQGR6RFLDO(XURSHR 167 168 Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) etimológico aragonésSXEOLFDGR <QRHVGHVGHOXHJRSDODEUDGHVFRQRFLGDHQ FKDV ORFDOLGDGHV GH $UDJyQ VREUH WRGR HQ DTXHOODV TXH VLJXHQ UHSUHVHQWDQGR HVWD FXOLDUGHPRVWUDFLyQGHUHOLJLRVLGDGSRSXODUHQODDFWXDOLGDG (Q RWUD SXEOLFDFLyQ GH %RUDR \D FRQVLGHUDED TXH ORV dances ©YLHQHQ GH DQWLJXR\VROtDQFDQWDUVHHQODLJOHVLD\GHVSXpVHQODVFDOOHV\SOD]DV$SHQDVVHFRQVHUYDQ VLQR HQ OD &RURQD GH $UDJyQ OR FXDO DXPHQWD VX FXULRVLGDG SHUR VXHOHQ HVFULELUVH SRU SHUVRQDVLQGRFWDV\DSHQDVYHUVLILFDGRUDV\HVWRKDGHVYLDGRGHVXHVWXGLRDXQDORVVXMHWRV PiVDILFLRQDGRVDODSRHVtDSRSXODUª %RUDR %& DILUPDFLRQHVTXHSRVWHULRUPHQWH HQDOJXQRVDVSHFWRVKDQVLGRPDWL]DGDVSRUORVHVWXGLRVRVGHOIROFORUHDUDJRQpVHQWUHORV TXHKD\TXHGHVWDFDUFRQWRGDMXVWLFLDDGRQ$QWRQLR%HOWUiQ0DUWtQH]TXLHQGHGLFyYDULDV FRQWULEXFLRQHVDHVWDFXHVWLyQ 6HJ~Q %HOWUiQ ORV dances KDQ OOHJDGR D QRVRWURV SRU PHGLR GH FRSLDV HQ FXDGHUQRVGHORVVLJOR;9,,,\;,;DXQTXHKD\TXHVXSRQHUXQDODUJDWUDGLFLyQRUDOHQOD TXHDILQDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,VHKDEUtDQLQWHJUDGRORVYDULRVHOHPHQWRVTXHKDVWDHQWRQFHV SXGLHURQSRVHHUYLGDLQGHSHQGLHQWHLQWHJUDFLyQHQODTXHPXFKRWXYRTXHYHUHOWUDVIRQGR UHOLJLRVRFRHWiQHR (QWUHHVRVFRPSRQHQWHVPHQFLRQDHOUHFRQRFLGRHWQyORJRORVGLiORJRVHQWUHU~VWLFRV R SDVWRUHV OD OXFKD PiV ELHQ GLDOpFWLFD HQWUH PRURV \ FULVWLDQRV TXH SDUHFH UHIOHMDU OD WHQVLyQSROtWLFRUHOLJLRVDTXHOOHYyDODH[SXOVLyQGHORVPRULVFRVHQODVDODEDQ]DVR GLFKRV DO VDQWR SURWHFWRU SRU SDUWH GH ORV GDQ]DQWHV TXH SDUWLFLSDQ HQ OD IXQFLyQ \ ILQDOPHQWH ORV FRPHQWDULRV KXPRUtVWLFRV SRU SDUWH GH ORV SHUVRQDMHV TXH DFW~DQ FRPR PDQWHQHGRUHVGHODIXQFLyQWHDWUDO mayoral\ rabadán VREUHHVRVPLVPRVGDQ]DQWHV\ WDPELpQVREUHORVVXFHVRV\VXVSURWDJRQLVWDVDFDHFLGRVHQODORFDOLGDGGXUDQWHHOWLHPSR WUDQVFXUULGRGHVGHOD~OWLPDSXHVWDHQHVFHQD 1R WRGRV ORV dances LQFOX\HQ HQ VX YHUVLyQ DFWXDO ORV FRPSRQHQWHV WHDWUDOHV DSXQWDGRV$QWHVELHQSXHGHQREVHUYDUVHGLIHUHQFLDVHQORTXHFRQFLHUQHDODRPLVLyQGH DOJXQDVGHODVSDUWHVFRQVLGHUDGDV$GHPiVHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQHOFRPHQWDULRSUHFHGHQWH HO Q~PHUR GH SHUVRQDMHV YDUtD HQ ODV GLVWLQWDV ORFDOLGDGHV GRQGH FRQWLQ~D YLYD HVWD WUDGLFLyQHQORVdancesPiVVLPSOLILFDGRVLQWHUYLHQHQDOPHQRVHOPD\RUDO\HOUDEDGiQTXH FRQVWLWX\HQHOUHIOHMRPiVGLUHFWRGHOFDUiFWHUSRSXODUGHORVGDQFHV\QRSXHGHQIDOWDU OyJLFDPHQWHORVGDQ]DQWHVTXHVHHQFDUJDQGHODVDODEDQ]DVDOSDWUyQ\GHORVSDVRVGH EDLOHFRQSDORWHDGRWUDVFDGDXQDGHVXVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVRUDOHV(VWHHVHOFDVRSRUHMHPSOR GHOdanceGH/XFHQLDOTXHSHUWHQHFH OD IRWRJUDItD TXH ' D * + , / + ILQDOHVGHPD\RGH $/($15 ,;PDSDV GRQGHDSDUHFHHVWDYR]HQSXQWRVVLWXDGRVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHQ HOFHQWUR\VXUGHODSURYLQFLDGH=DUDJR]D\HQHOQRUWHGH7HUXHO Introducción al folklore aragonés El dance aragonés R©7UDGLFLyQRUDOFRVWXPEUHV\OLWHUDWXUD SRSXODUHQ$UDJyQª (OmayoralHV©HOSDVWRUSULQFLSDOHQWUHORVTXHFXLGDQGHORVUHEDxRVª\ rabadán ©HOSDVWRUTXHJRELHUQD XQRRPiVKDWRVGHJDQDGRDODVyUGHQHVGHOPD\RUDOGHXQDFDEDxDª:HOSULPHURPXHVWUDXQFDUiFWHUPiV VHULRHQWDQWRTXHDOVHJXQGR OHDWULEX\HQFRQPiVIUHFXHQFLDDFFLRQHV\H[SUHVLRQHVGHVWLQDGDVDSURYRFDU KLODULGDGGHODXGLWRULR /XFHQLHVXQDORFDOLGDGVLWXDGDMXQWRDOUtR(EUR\\DSUy[LPDD=DUDJR]D$TXtHOdanceHVWiGHGLFDGRD 6DQ3HGUR0iUWLUGH9HURQD\HQVXHVFHQLILFDFLyQVHSUHVFLQGHGHOD ©6ROGDGHVFDª'HPRGRTXHWUDVOD SURFHVLyQFRQODLPDJHQGHOVDQWRSDWUyQGHVGHODLJOHVLDDODSOD]DFRQDFRPSDxDPLHQWRGHOSiUURFR\GHODV DXWRULGDGHVFLYLOHVODEDQGDGHP~VLFDHOPD\RUDOHOUDEDGiQ\ORVGDQ]DQWHVVHLQLFLDODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQFRQ XQDEUHYHGHGLFDWRULDGHODFWRDOSDWUyQSRUSDUWHGHOPD\RUDO\GHOUDEDGiQGHVSXpV HQWUDQHQDFFLyQORV GDQ]DQWHVTXHLQWHUSUHWDQKDVWDFLQFRPXGDQ]DVHQHOSDORWHDGRFDGDXQRGHHOORVGHFODPDXQRVYHUVRVGH DODEDQ]D DO 6DQWR ²HVWDV FRPSRVLFLRQHV VH UHSLWHQ DxR WUDV DxR² \ VHJXLGDPHQWH D FDGD XQR GH HOORV VH GLULJHQHOPD\RUDO\HOUDEDGiQSDUDDJUDGHFHUOHVVXFRODERUDFLyQSHURGHPRGRPX\HVSHFLDOSDUDFULWLFDUORV La religiosidad y su representación popular... José M.ª Enguita Utrilla 169 (Q ORV dances PiV FRPSOHWRV GH DFXHUGR FRQ OD LQWHJUDFLyQ GH HOHPHQWRV TXH VH SURGXMRDILQDOHVGHOVLJOR;9,VHJ~QVHKDVHxDODGRDSDUHFHQWDPELpQORVHMpUFLWRVGH PRURV\FULVWLDQRVFRQVXVFDSLWDQHV\HPEDMDGRUHVQRIDOWDQQLHOiQJHOQLHOGHPRQLR FRPRSHUVRQLILFDFLRQHVGHOELHQ\GHOPDOFRQFXUULHQGRRWUDVYHFHVSHUVRQDMHVHSLVyGLFRV FRPR HO SREUH HO SDMH HO SHUHJULQR HO UHFLWDGRU HO ]DJDO HWF 'HQWUR GH HVWRV ~OWLPRV GDQFHV SRGHPRV HQFXDGUDU HO GH ODV 7HQHUtDV =DUDJR]D TXH VH UHSUHVHQWD HO RFKR GH VHSWLHPEUHHQKRQRUGHOD9LUJHQGHO&DUPHQ'HDOJXQDPDQHUDODFRLQFLGHQFLDGHHVWRV SHUVRQDMHVHSLVyGLFRVMXQWRDRWURVPRWLYRVSHUPLWHGHVFXEULUODH[SDQVLyQGHOdance GH XQD ORFDOLGDG KDFLD RWUDV SRU LPLWDFLyQ R SRU LPSODQWDFLyQ JOREDO FRQ ORV QHFHVDULRV DMXVWHV (Q FRQVHFXHQFLD QR SXHGH DVHJXUDUVH TXH WRGRV ORV GDQFHV WHQJDQ XQD UHPRWD DQWLJHGDGSRUPiVTXHHOKLORQDUUDWLYR\ODWH[WXUDOLQJtVWLFDDVtORVXJLHUDQGDGRTXHHVD LPLWDFLyQRLPSODQWDFLyQKDQSRGLGRRFXUULUHQWLHPSRVUHODWLYDPHQWHUHFLHQWHV +DEUi TXH DxDGLU D ORV FRPHQWDULRV SUHFHGHQWHV TXH ODV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV GH ORV SHUVRQDMHV VH GHVDUUROODQ VDOYR GH PDQHUDH[FHSFLRQDO HQ YHUVRV RFWRVtODERV TXH ULPDQ SRU DVRQDQFLD (O WH[WR VH PDQWLHQH VLQ FDPELRV GH XQ DxR SDUD RWUR H[FHSWR HQ ODV DOXVLRQHVFUtWLFDVKDFLDORVGDQ]DQWHVRVREUHORVVXFHVRVGHPD\RUUHOLHYHDFDHFLGRVHQOD ORFDOLGDGGHVGHOD~OWLPDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOdanceFRPHWLGRTXHGHVHPSHxDQFRPRVHKD GLFKRHOPD\RUDO\HOUDEDGiQ1LODSDUWHYDULDEOHQLODVFRPSRVLFLRQHVILMDVGHVWDFDQ DQWHVDOFRQWUDULRSRUVXFDOLGDGOLWHUDULDDXQTXHHQHVWDV~OWLPDVKD\DQSRGLGRLQWHUYHQLU SDUD UHGDFWDUODV UHOLJLRVRV \ HUXGLWRV PiV SUHRFXSDGRV SRU HO PHQVDMH TXH SUHWHQGHQ WUDQVPLWLUTXH ORVYDORUHVHVWLOtVWLFRVORVDXWRUHVGHODVSDUWHVILMDVVHGHMDQOOHYDUHQ JHQHUDOSRUODRUDWRULDVDJUDGDHQODVGLVSXWDVUHOLJLRVDVGHORVHMpUFLWRV\HQODVDODEDQ]DVDO SDWUyQTXHGHFODPDQORVGDQ]DQWHVLPLWDQDVLPLVPRODSRHVtDKHURLFDHQODVDUHQJDVDORV VROGDGRV \ HQ ODV DORFXFLRQHV TXH HQFRPLDQ OD JUDQGH]D GH ODV QDFLRQHV D ODV TXH SHUWHQHFHQORVHMpUFLWRVHQOXFKD\WDPELpQDFXGHQDYHUVRVGHLQVSLUDFLyQEXFyOLFDFXDQGR GHVFULEHQHODSDFLEOHGLVFXUULUGHODYLGDHQODORFDOLGDG+D\TXH ; +LUSRURWUDSDUWHTXH KDELWXDOPHQWHODFDUDFWHUL]DFLyQOLQJtVWLFDGHORVSHUVRQDMHVGDSRFRPDUJHQRXQPDUJHQ TXH QR UHVXOWD UHDOLVWD D OD YDULDFLyQ TXH GHEHUtD GHILQLU HO QLYHO VRFLDO R OD VLWXDFLyQ FRPXQLFDWLYDHQTXHHVWRVVHHQFXHQWUDQ (OdanceFRQVWLWX\HVHJ~QDILUPD%HOWUiQ ©XQIHQyPHQRFDUDFWHUtVWLFR GHODFXOWXUDSRSXODUDUDJRQHVD TXH VH KDH[WHQGLGR SRUODV]RQDVOLPtWURIHVGH6RULD\ &XHQFDHVFDVDPHQWHHQODPRQWDxDGH&DWDOXxD\QRKDFLD1DYDUUDª6XFDUiFWHUUHOLJLRVR KDIDYRUHFLGRTXHVHKD\DFRQVHUYDGRFRQDUUHJORDFULWHULRVWUDGLFLRQDOHVKDVWDQXHVWURV GtDV©SXHVWRTXHVXFHOHEUDFLyQVHUHSLWHDQXDOPHQWHFRPRXQULWR>«@ª<GHKHFKRHVWH UHFRQRFLGRLQYHVWLJDGRUFLWDFDVLXQFHQWHQDUGHORFDOLGDGHVDUDJRQHVDVHQODVTXHHOdance VH KD UHSUHVHQWDGR R VH UHSUHVHQWD HQ OD DFWXDOLGDG GHVWDFDQGR HQWUH HOODV ODV TXH ²VLHPSUH HQ WRQR IHVWLYR \ FRQ YHUVRV LQYHQWDGRV SRU HOORV PLVPRV SDUD OD RFDVLyQ² SRU DOJXQDV GH ODV DFFLRQHVGLJQDVGHUHSURFKHHQODVTXHKDQLQWHUYHQLGRGHVGHOD~OWLPDUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHOdance $XQTXHQRVRQPXFKRVORVDFWRUHVTXHDSDUHFHQHQHVWHdance + ; * ' ' PHWLGRVDORODUJRGH UHSUHVHQWDFLyQFXDWURFULVWLDQRV\ ' + + ' '+ + , ' ]DQWHVXQFDSLWiQFULVWLDQR\XQRWXUFRDTXLHQHVSURWHJHQXQ > ? , '+ ; + @ * + FODUR HVWi HO PD\RUDO QL HO UDEDGiQ /RV JDLWHURV \ HO , + ' ' + HOHQFR$SURSyVLWRGHOdanceGHODV7HQHUtDV " %HOWUiQ A (VWDVREVHUYDFLRQHVSDUWHQGHODOHFWXUDSHUVRQDOGHDOJXQRVGHORVdancesFX\RWH[WRVHKDHGLWDGR6HUi QHFHVDULRXQHVWXGLRPLQXFLRVRTXHWRGDYtDQRH[LVWHSDUDOOHJDUDXQDVFRQFOXVLRQHVGHILQLWLYDV +DEUtDTXHFRPSUREDUODFHUWH]DGHHVWDDILUPDFLyQPHGLDQWHHVWXGLRVSRVWHULRUHVDHVDIHFKDVREUHOD FXOWXUDSRSXODUHQiUHDVJHRJUiILFDVSUy[LPDVD$UDJyQRPHMRUSUR\HFWDUXQSODQJHQHUDOGHWUDEDMRVREUH ODUHOLJLRVLGDG\VXVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVSRSXODUHVTXHDEDUFDUDLQLFLDOPHQWHGLFKRVWHUULWRULRV 170 Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) SHUWHQHFHQDODSURYLQFLDGH=DUDJR]DGH+XHVFDPHQFLRQDSXQWRV\FRUUHVSRQGHQ D7HUXHO B + 3 E 0DLQDUHVXQDGHODVHQWLGDGHVPXQLFLSDOHVTXHIRUPDQSDUWHGHOD&RPDUFDGH'DURFD D NP GH ODFLXGDG GH =DUDJR]DFXHQWDHQ ODDFWXDOLGDG FRQ XQRV KDELWDQWHV /D ORFDOLGDGKDPDQWHQLGRYLYDPHQWHVXVWUDGLFLRQHVVREUHWRGRODVGHFDUiFWHUUHOLJLRVR/DV ILHVWDVSULQFLSDOHVHVWiQGHGLFDGDVDOD9LUJHQGHOD&DPD GHDJRVWR \D6DQ5RTXH GH HVH PLVPR PHV SDUD DJUDGHFHUOH D HVWH ~OWLPR VX SURWHFFLyQ GXUDQWH XQD SHVWH TXH SDGHFLyODFRPDUFDHQVHJ~QFUHHQFLDTXHD~QSHUVLVWHHQWUHORVPDLQDUHMRV Aspectos cronológicos e influencias externas )XHHQ\HQHOGtDGH6DQ5RTXHFXDQGRVHUHSUHVHQWySRUSULPHUDYH]HOGDQFH GH0DLQDUSUHSDUDGRSDUDODRFDVLyQSRUGRQ)HUPtQ0XxR]KLMRGHOOXJDU\VHFUHWDULRGH VX$\XQWDPLHQWR GXUDQWH YDULRVDxRV +D\ QRWLFLDGHTXH HOGDQFH GHMyGHHVFHQLILFDUVH GHVGHVLELHQVHLJQRUDVLDORODUJRGHHVRVDxRVWXYRFRPSOHWDFRQWLQXLGDGRQR (Q XQD YLVLWD TXH UHDOLFp 0DLQDU HQ OD SULPDYHUD GH SXGH KDEODU FRQ GRQ &HFLOLR /ySH] 6LHUUD TXLHQ FRQRFHGRU HQWXVLDVWD GH ODV WUDGLFLRQHV GH HVWD ORFDOLGDG PH SURSRUFLRQy QRWLFLDV GH SULPHUD PDQR VREUH HO GDQFH SXHV WRGDYtD UHFRUGDED KDEHU DVLVWLGRDVXSXHVWDHQHVFHQDFXDQGRWHQtDDxRVHLQFOXVRPHGLRQRWLFLDGHOSDUDMHHQ HOTXHVHUHDOL]DEDQORVHQVD\RVSUHYLRV $MXLFLRGH5RQFR/DULR ORVYHFLQRVGH0DLQDUFRQWDURQ FRQODD\XGDGHORV GDQ]DQWHVGH(QFLQDFRUEDORFDOLGDGFHUFDQDSDUDLQLFLDUODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQGHVXGDQFH \OD EDQGDGHP~VLFDGHHVWDORFDOLGDGDFRPSDxyDORVPDLQDMHURVHQVXFHVLYDVHGLFLRQHVGHVX HVFHQLILFDFLyQ&LHUWDPHQWHH[LVWHQFRLQFLGHQFLDVHQWUHDPERVHQODDSDULFLyQGHDOJXQRV SHUVRQDMHV OD VROGDGHVFD GH WXUFRV \ FULVWLDQRV HO GHPRQLR HO iQJHO DSDUWH GH DTXHOORV RWURV GH SUHVHQFLD REOLJDWRULD FRPR VRQ HO PD\RUDO \ HO UDEDGiQ R ]DJDO \ HQ DOJXQRV HIHFWRVHVFHQRJUiILFRV3HURHOGDQFHGH0DLQDUQRUHVSRQGHDXQDVLPSOHLPLWDFLyQQL PXFKRPHQRVDXQDLPSODQWDFLyQGHOGH(QFLQDFRUEDSXHVWRTXHHVWH~OWLPRVHRIUHFHD OD 9LUJHQ GHO 0DU HQ WDQWR TXH HO GH 0DLQDU WLHQH FRPR GHVWLQDWDULR D 6DQ 5RTXH FRQ WRGDVODVDGDSWDFLRQHVTXHFRQOOHYDHVWHFDPELRHQORVPRWLYRVUHOLJLRVRVSRURWUDSDUWH DOJXQRVSHUVRQDMHVFRPRHOSHUHJULQRHOSREUHHOUHJLGRUHOFRPHQGDGRURHOSDMHVROR DSDUHFHQ HQ HO GDQFH GH (QFLQDFRUED KD\ DGHPiV RWUDV UD]RQHV TXH DSXQWDQ D OD RULJLQDOLGDGGHGRQ)HUPtQ0XxR]HQODUHGDFFLyQGHOGDQFHGH0DLQDUFRPRVHLQILHUHGH ODDOXVLyQDQXPHURVRVPRWLYRVSDLVDMtVWLFRVGHOPXQLFLSLRELHQORFDOL]DGRVGHVGHHOSXQWR (QGLVWLQWRVEDUULRVGHODFDSLWDOGHHVWDSURYLQFLD%HOWUiQORFDOL]DKDVWDFXDWURdances GLIHUHQWHV 6H WLHQH QRWLFLD HQ RWURV PXQLFLSLRV GH HVWD SURYLQFLD GH OD HVFHQLILFDFLyQ GH pastoradas²ODGH %HQDEDUUH WRGDYtD VH UHSUHVHQWD² TXH HQ HVHQFLD FRQVLVWHQ HQ XQ GLiORJR HQWUH HO PD\RUDO \ HO rapatán TXLHQHVDGHPiVGHUHFLWDUODVORDV\ SHWLFLRQHVDO SDWUyQGHODORFDOLGDGUHFXHUGDQDORVYHFLQRVHQWRQR MRFRVRDOJXQRVGHORVKHFKRVPiVOODPDWLYRVDFDHFLGRVHQHOOXJDUGHVGHODV~OWLPDVILHVWDVSDWURQDOHV/RV GDQ]DQWHVLQWHUYLHQHQDOILQDOGHODIXQFLyQ 1DJRUH/DtQHQ GEAYRO;VYpastorada 'HERDJUDGHFHUOHDGRQ&HFLOLRVXYDOLRVDD\XGDSDUDDFRSLDUQXPHURVRVGDWRVVREUHODKLVWRULD\ODV FRVWXPEUHV GH 0DLQDU $VLPLVPR TXLHUR GHMDU FRQVWDQFLD GH PL JUDWLWXG SRU HO DSR\R UHFLELGR D GRQ (VPHUDOGR0DU]RDOFDOGHGH0DLQDU\DGRQ)HGHULFR*DUFtD5XHGDHQWRQFHVUHVSRQVDEOHGHDFWLYLGDGHV FXOWXUDOHV\GHSRUWLYDVGHOD&RPDUFDGH'DURFD (VWDV FRQFRPLWDQFLDV KDEUiQ GH REVHUYDUVH GHWHQLGDPHQWH \ QR VROR UHVSHFWR DO GDQFH GH (QFLQDFRUEDVLQRWHQLHQGRHQFXHQWDWDPELpQORVWH[WRVGHRWURVGDQFHVGHORVTXHKXELHUDSRGLGRGLVSRQHU GRQ)HUPtQ0XxR]PLHQWUDVSUHSDUDEDVXYHUVLyQSDUD0DLQDU # 6RPHURQGyQ A La religiosidad y su representación popular... José M.ª Enguita Utrilla 171 GH YLVWD JHRJUiILFR DOJXQRV HGLILFLRV R OD PHQFLyQ GH RWUDV DGYRFDFLRQHV UHOLJLRVDV GH 0DLQDU'HKHFKRGRQ)HUPtQ0XxR]KDFHUHIHUHQFLDDTXt\DOOiDQXPHURVRVWRSyQLPRV UHSUHVHQWDWLYRVGHOWpUPLQRPXQLFLSDOGH0DLQDUel Royalla Torreel Pasillola Lomael Plano el Calvario las Cañadas el Castillo fuente la Redonda vega Arriba vega Somera\calle Abajo, PHQFLRQDQGR YHFHV HO QRPEUH GH OD ORFDOLGDG HQ RFDVLRQHV FRQVWD HO GH San Roque,\DGHPiVVHPHQFLRQDQRWUDVDGYRFDFLRQHVUHOLJLRVDVFRPRSan Marcosla Asunción \Santa Ana. Línea argumental (ODUJXPHQWRGHOGDQFHREHGHFHHQVXVRUtJHQHVUHPRWRVFRPRHVSUHFHSWLYRDO GHVHRGHORVYHFLQRVGHODORFDOLGDGGHDJUDGHFHUOHDVXVDQWRSDWUyQODD\XGDUHFLELGDSDUD OLEUDUVH GH OD SHVWH TXH DVRODED HQ ODV WLHUUDV FLUFXQGDQWHV 8Q HMpUFLWR GH WXUFRV JXLDGR SRU 0XVWDIi FLUFXQVWDQFLD \D DQDFUyQLFD HQ HVH PRPHQWR DXQTXH LQVHUWD HQ OD FRUULHQWHWUDGLFLRQDOGHORVGDQFHVFRQIRUPHDORVSDWURQHVHVWDEOHFLGRVDILQDOHVGHOVLJOR ;9, TXLHUH LPSHGLU ORV DFWRV SHUR HO FDSLWiQ )HUQDQGR GHUURWDUi FRQ VXV VROGDGRV D TXLHQHVKDQTXHULGRSHUWXUEDUHOGHVDUUROORGHODILHVWDHQXQDEDWDOODFX\RFRPSRQHQWH PiV H[WHQVR HV HO GHEDWH UHOLJLRVR IUHQWH ORV KHFKRV EpOLFRV 9HQFLGRV ORV WXUFRV \ FRQYHUWLGRV DO FULVWLDQLVPR TXHGD HO FDPLQR OLEUH SDUD TXH ORV GDQ]DQWHV FRPLHQFHQ D UHFLWDUODVORDV\SHWLFLRQHVD6DQ5RTXHDODYH]TXHHOUDEDGiQYDGHVWDFDQGRHQWRQR KXPRUtVWLFR\OHYHPHQWHFUtWLFRVXFHVRVUHFLHQWHVTXHKDQWHQLGRFRPRSURWDJRQLVWDVDORV PR]RV TXH SDUWLFLSDQ HQ HO SDORWHDGR 1R IDOWD DO ILQDO GH OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ OD SDUWH GHGLFDGDDODVFKDQ]DVRFUtWLFDGHYHFLQRV\GHKHFKRVRFXUULGRVHQODORFDOLGDGHQHVWD IXQFLyQ GH HVFDVDPHQWH KLULHQWH SXHV QR DWDxH D LQGLYLGXRV HQ SDUWLFXODU VLQR D GHWHUPLQDGRVJUXSRVVRFLDOHV ©ODVYLHMDVª©ODVFDVDGDVª\©ODVYLXGDVª Estructura formal (QWUHODVQXPHURVDVUHSUHVHQWDFLRQHVGHHVWHWLSRHVSDUFLGDVSRUGLYHUVDVORFDOLGDGHV GH$UDJyQODGH0DLQDUHVXQDGHODVPiVFRPSOHWDV\ GHPD\RUFRKHUHQFLDLQWHUQDHQ FXDQWR D VX FRQFHSFLyQ WHDWUDO OR TXH VH GHMD YHU SRU HMHPSOR HQ ODV DEXQGDQWHV DFRWDFLRQHV TXH HO UHGDFWRU GHO WH[WR GRQ )HUPtQ 0XxR] LQWURGXFH HQ ORV FDPELRV GH HVFHQDVREUHHQWUDGDVVDOLGDV\DFRPSDxDPLHQWRGHORVSHUVRQDMHVLQLFLRGHORVGLiORJRV LQGXPHQWDULDHWF (OGDQFHGH0DLQDUHVWiGLYLGLGRHQFLQFRHVFHQDVVLHQGRODVGRV~OWLPDVYDULDEOHVHQ FXDQWRDORVWH[WRVXWLOL]DGRVHQFRQVRQDQFLDFRQODYLGDUHDOGHORVDFWRUHVTXHLQWHUYLHQHQ \ FRQ ORV VXFHVRV DFDHFLGRV HQ OD ORFDOLGDG GXUDQWH HO DxR HQWUDGD YHUVRV VROGDGHVFD YHUVRV HQWUDGDGHOGDQFH EDLOHGHORVGLFKRV GHVSHGLGD &RPRSXHGHDSUHFLDUVHODHQWUDGD\ODVROGDGHVFDGHQRWDEOHFDUJD UHOLJLRVD \ SDWULyWLFD HQ ODV LQWHUYHQFLRQHV GH ORV DFWRUHV FRQVWLWX\HQ OD PLWDG GH OD UHSUHVHQWDFLyQ ODV WUHV SDUWHV UHVWDQWHV GH FRQWHQLGR PiV ORFDOLVWD \ FRQ ILQDOLGDG KXPRUtVWLFDRFXSDQODRWUDPLWDGGHOHVSHFWiFXOR&DEHVHxDODUTXHHQEXHQDSDUWHGHORV GDQFHVTXHVHUHSUHVHQWDQHQQXHVWURVGtDVVHKDQDFRUWDGRQRWDEOHPHQWHHOFRPSRQHQWH UHOLJLRVR\SDWULyWLFRHQWDQWRTXHDFDXVDGHODGHYRFLyQODYLVWRVLGDGRODFRPLFLGDGVH KDQPDQWHQLGRODVORDV\SHWLFLRQHVHOSDORWHDGR\ODFUtWLFDORFDO 9HUVRV\UHVSHFWLYDPHQWH 9HUVRV\ 9HUVRV \ 9HUVRV\ San Marcos la Asunción \ Santa Ana 172 Tradición e interculturalidad. Las relaciones entre lo culto y lo popular (siglos XIX-XX) /DSXHVWDHQHVFHQDGHOGDQFHGH0DLQDUFRQWyHQFRQXQQ~PHURFLHUWDPHQWH HOHYDGR GH DFWRUHV FX\RV QRPEUHV \ DSHOOLGRV UHDOHV VH PHQFLRQDQ DO SULQFLSLR GHO PDQXVFULWRSUHSDUDGRSRUGRQ)HUPtQ0XxR]TXLHQWDPELpQFRODERUDFRPRDSXQWDGRUHO PD\RUDO\HOUDEDGiQHOiQJHO\ HOGHPRQLRTXHVH LQFRUSRUDDO SULQFLSLRGHODIXQFLyQ GLVIUD]DGRGHSREUH\RFKRGDQ]DQWHVDGHPiVODVROGDGHVFDGHODTXHIRUPDQSDUWHHO FDSLWiQ)HUQDQGR\HO6XOWiQHOHPEDMDGRUFULVWLDQR -HUMHV \HOHPEDMDGRUWXUFR 0XVWDIi DEDQGHUDGRVWXUFR\FULVWLDQRFXDWURVROGDGRVWXUFRVFXDWURFULVWLDQRV\XQWURPSHWDHQ WRWDOSHUVRQDMHVVLVHWLHQHHQFXHQWDTXHORVDFWRUHVTXHLQWHUYLHQHQFRPRGDQ]DQWHV VRQ ORV PLVPRV TXH DSDUHFHQ FRPR VROGDGRV WXUFRV \ FULVWLDQRVVRQ & ORV YHFLQRV GH 0DLQDUTXHFRODERUDQHQODUHSUHVHQWDFLyQ Aspectos estilísticos $ OR ODUJR GH OD IXQFLyQ VXE\DFHQ FRPR \D VH KD FRPHQWDGR GRV SHUVSHFWLYDVTXHDWLHQGHQFRPSOHPHQWDULDPHQWHDODH[DOWDFLyQGHORVYDORUHVUHOLJLRVRVD WUDYpV GH OD GHGLFDWRULD GHO DFWR D 6DQ 5RTXH \ WDPELpQ DO UHIOHMR GH OD FRQIURQWDFLyQ EpOLFD SRUFDXVDV UHOLJLRVDV (VWDV GRV SHUVSHFWLYDV YDQ PiV DOOi GHO SXUR ORFDOLVPR \ VH LQFDUGLQDQHQUHIOH[LRQHVPiVSURIXQGDV\JHQHUDOHVVREUHORVSULQFLSLRVUHOLJLRVRV\VREUH HOVHQWLPLHQWRSDWULyWLFR(OWRQRGHODVLQWHUYHQFLRQHVTXLHUHLPLWDUODRUDWRULDVDJUDGDHQ ORTXHDWDxHDORVGHEDWHVUHOLJLRVRVTXHVHVXFHGHQ\ODSRHVtDKHURLFDHQORTXHVHUHILHUH DODDFWXDFLyQGHORVHMpUFLWRV<ORVSHUVRQDMHVHQFDUJDGRVGHWUDHUHVWRVWHPDVDODHVFHQD VRQ SDUWLFXODUPHQWH ORV TXH IRUPDQ SDUWH GH OD VROGDGHVFD FRQ LQWHUYHQFLRQHV SUHWHQGLGDPHQWHVHULDVHQFXDQWRDVXFRQWHQLGRLGHROyJLFR\WDPELpQHQVXSUHVHQWDFLyQ IRUPDO&RPRSUXHEDGHHVWDVFRQVLGHUDFLRQHVDGXFLUpDOJXQRVHMHPSORV £&DOODFUXHO&LHUUDHOODELRQRSURQXQFLHVWDOEODVIHPLD¢ 1RKHSRGLGRHQFRQWUDUPDWHULDOJUiILFRVREUHHVWDSULPHUDHVFHQLILFDFLyQGHOGDQFHQRREVWDQWHHQ XQD IRWRJUDItD TXH FRUUHVSRQGH D XQD GH ODV ~OWLPDV RFDVLRQHV HQ TXH VH RUJDQL]y HO HVSHFWiFXOR SXHGH DSUHFLDUVHODLQGXPHQWDULDGHORVGDQ]DQWHV /D VRFLHGDG DFWXDO OHMDQD D HVH FRQWH[WR VRFLRFXOWXUDO GLItFLOPHQWH SRGUi LQWHUSUHWDU GLFKRV SDUODPHQWRVHQVXVLJQLILFDGRSURIXQGRVLQRPiVELHQFRPRHQWUHWHQLPLHQWR La religiosidad y su representación popular... José M.ª Enguita Utrilla 173 6LKD\DOJXQR HQWUHYRVRWURVTXHVHPXHVWUDGHFREDUGHGHVHFKDGOR GHODVILODV DQWHVTXHHPSLHFHHOFRPEDWH$KRUDHVWLHPSRDPLJRVPtRVGHTXHYHDQODVQDFLRQHV ODGLVFLSOLQD\YDORUTXHWLHQHQORVHVSDxROHV'tDHVKR\SDUDQRVRWURVGHSUXHEDYDORU \JORULDUXEULFDQGRQXHVWUDVDQJUHODVSiJLQDVGHOD+LVWRULD YHUVRVHOFDSLWiQ )HUQDQGRDUHQJDDVXVVROGDGRV &ULVWLDQRVSUXHEDPHGDLVGHVHUYDOLHQWHVJXHUUHURVTXH\DORVWXUFRVVXFXPEHQD YXHVWURVWLURVFHUWHURV