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Working-Class Community in the Era of Affluence: Sociability and Identity in a Yorkshire Town, 1945-1980

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Working-Class Community in the Era of Affluence: Sociability and Identity in a Yorkshire Town, 1945-1980 THE UNIVERSITY OF HULL Working-Class Community in the Era of Affluence: Sociability and Identity in a Yorkshire Town, 1945-1980 being a dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of PhD in the University of Hull by Stefan Ramsden (B.A. (Hons), University of Cambridge; MA, University of Leicester) October 2011 Acknowledgements Thanks to all those who have helped and supported me: my parents, Kristina and Marcus Ramsden; my family, Freda Ramsden, Kenneth Ramsden, Hilda May, Louisa Appleton, Tim Appleton, Charlie Appleton; my friends, including Amy Newton, Russell Hitchings, Anna Nicholl, Fflur Jones, Hannah Mateer, Scott Shanley, Nial Adams, Patrick Mateer, Matthew Drewicz, Michael, Lucy, Evan, Lonnie and Auryn Hudson; my Ph.D. supervisors, Dr Douglas Reid and Dr Jenny Macleod; all the interviewees who so generously spared the time to share their memories with me. Contents List of tables ............................................................................................................... 3 Synopsis ..................................................................................................................... 4 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 5 Reflexive Introduction ................................................................................................ 6 Chapter One. Intellectual Context. ............................................................................ 10 Community of place .............................................................................................. 10 The literature on working-class community in the age of affluence ....................... 12 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 27 The organisation of this thesis ............................................................................... 33 Schematic history of working-class community in Beverley .................................. 34 Chapter Two. Families ............................................................................................. 47 The conjugal relationship ...................................................................................... 48 Child-centred attitudes .......................................................................................... 53 Extended family .................................................................................................... 61 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 68 Chapter Three. Neighbours ....................................................................................... 70 Neighbourly sociability and mutuality – pre-affluence, 1945-1955 ........................ 72 Privacy and status differentiation in ‘traditional’ neighbourhoods ......................... 83 Changes in neighbourliness in the era of affluence, 1955-1980 .............................. 89 New forms of neighbourliness ............................................................................... 96 Conclusion ........................................................................................................ 99 Chapter Four. Friends and Acquaintances. .............................................................. 101 Sociability with friends in the early life-stages, 1945-1955. ................................. 104 Mothers’ sociability, 1945-1955 .......................................................................... 108 New forms of sociability, 1955-1980 .................................................................. 113 Friendship and acquaintanceship in a geographical context ................................. 121 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 127 Chapter Five. Workplaces ....................................................................................... 129 An industrial town............................................................................................... 131 Workplace cultures ............................................................................................. 138 Occupational community beyond the factory gates .............................................. 146 Industry’s contribution to the wider community .................................................. 154 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 158 Chapter Six. Civil Society ....................................................................................... 160 In the club ........................................................................................................... 161 Philanthropy and civil society ............................................................................. 169 Meeting in the middle ......................................................................................... 173 The values of civil society ................................................................................... 180 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 185 Chapter Seven. Identity and Place ........................................................................... 187 The ‘Berlin Wall’, ‘Becksiders’ and ‘Shanghai Shetrivers’ .................................. 188 The construction of an ‘ancient borough’ ............................................................ 195 Working-class Beverlonians ................................................................................ 202 The limits of identification with place ................................................................. 209 Conclusion ...................................................................................................... 214 Chapter Eight. Conclusion ...................................................................................... 216 1 Summary of findings ........................................................................................... 217 Discussion........................................................................................................... 219 Implications ........................................................................................................ 225 Appendix 1. Interviewees – generations and biographies ......................................... 230 Appendix 2. Beverley map c.1970 .......................................................................... 244 Appendix 3. Maps showing post-war development of Beverley .............................. 245 Appendix 4. Map – East Beverley, c.1966 ............................................................... 246 Appendix 5. Map – Swinemoor council estate c.1974 ............................................. 247 Appendix 6. Aerial photograph, looking east, 1937 ................................................. 248 Bibliography of referenced sources ......................................................................... 249 Primary Sources .................................................................................................. 249 Oral history ..................................................................................................... 249 Primary documents.......................................................................................... 249 Books.................................................................................................................. 252 Chapters in edited books ..................................................................................... 258 Articles in journals .............................................................................................. 261 Other ................................................................................................................... 263 Unpublished printed material .......................................................................... 263 Online sources ................................................................................................. 264 CD .................................................................................................................. 265 DVD ............................................................................................................... 265 2 List of tables Table one: schematic history of Beverley working-class community p.46. Table two: manual occupation s, 1961-1991 p.137. Table three: middle-class occupations 1961-1991 p.137. 3 Synopsis This thesis presents a qualitative case-study of the impact of post-war affluence on working- class ways of life in the small town of Beverley, focussed particularly on sociability and identity. The thesis argues that sociological and historical concern with the decline of forms of ‘traditional working-class community’ amongst mobile populations in the 1950s and 1960s has obscured recognition of the continuing importance and vitality of local community for many working-class people in this period. Those who argued that there was a decline of community during the age of affluence (approximately 1955-1975) posited a transition from ‘traditional’ to new forms of working- class life – the present thesis suggests that in so doing, authors exaggerated both the communality of the ‘traditional’ working classes and the individualism of newly affluent workers. In Beverley, individualism and status divisions
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