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IJMS 10(3) 266-269.Pdf Indian Journal of Marine Sciences Vol. 10, September 1981, pp. 266-269 Major Crustacean Groups & Zooplankton Diversity around Andaman-Nicobar Islands M MADHUPRATAP, S R SREEKUMARAN NAIR, C T ACHUTHANKUTTY & VIJAYALAKSHMI R NAIR* National Institute of Oceanography Dona Paula, Goa 403004 Received 15 December 1980; revised received 3 April 1981 Crustacea formed the bulk of the zooplankton collected from the Andaman Sea. Species composition and distribution Qf major crustacean groups, viz. Copepoda, Ostracoda, Euphausiacea and Decapoda in general showed a mixture of oceanic and neritic species with euryhaline species dominating the composition. Their distribution is compared with other studies. Species diversity and evenness in the distribution of species was quite high. Species composItIOn of the zooplankton from counts. These species were generally present in most of Andaman Nicobar area is little known. In this paper the stations although there were variations in their species composition of major groups of Crustacea, viz. counts (Figs I and 2). Copepoda, Ostracoda, Euphausiacea and Decapoda Some species like Canthocalanus pauper, Calocala• and diversity of zooplankton are presented. nus pavo, Euchaeta concinna, Rhincalanus nasutus, Eucalanus crassus, Centropages tenuiremis, C. gracilis, Materials and Methods Temora turbinata, Calanopia sp., Tortanus forcipatus, Zooplankton samples were collected from 34 Acartia erythraea, Candacia discaudata and Labido• stations in Andaman Sea 1 during the 51 and 52 cruises cera acuta which are common in the coastal waters of of R V Gaveshani (29 Jan. to 27 Feb. 1979). Samples the Indian peninsula4, 5 were represented only at a few were collected in vertical hauls (200-0 m) using a HT stations. Some of the oceanic forms like Euehaeta net (500,um mesh). Zooplankters were identified to longieornis, Scolecithricella nicobarica, Scaphocalanus species level as far as possible and counted from sp., Scottocalanus sp., Pleuromamma xiphias, Gaetanus aliquots of samples. Distribution of common species of armiger and Euchirella amoena also occurred sparsely. major groups from selected stations are presented in Other species which exhibited a fair but discontinuous Figs 1 to 4. Diversity was calculated using the indices distribution were Undinula darwini, Eucalanus given by Margalef2 and Heip3 for species of elongatus, Euchaeta wolfendeni, Centropages furcatus, zooplankton encountered from all groups and C. calaninus, Paracalanus sp., Acrocalanus sp., converting their numerical abundance to number per Scolecithrix dana, Temora discaudara, Lueicutia sp., cubic metre. Haloptilus longicornis, Pontellina plumata and Acartia amboyenensis. Results and Discussion In general, the composition of copepods was Copepoda-Copepods dominated the zooplankton constituted by a mixture of neritic and oceanic species and were the main contributors to the bulk of the with euryhaline marine forms dominating the counts. biomass. Of the 48 species belonging to 33 genera 43 In the coastal waters although species likt; Undinula belonged to the suborder Calanoida and the rest to vulgaris and Euchaeta marina occur fairly commonly, Cyclopoida. No harpacticoides were encountered in the copepod counts are usually dominated by smaller the samples. Fifteen species, viz. Undinula vulgaris forms like Acrocalanus spp, Paracalanus spp and (21~~), Euchaeta marina (11.5%), Pleuromamma indica Acartia spp. Species like Pleuromamma indica, (9.3%), Eucalanus monachus (7.4%), Aetideus giesb• Aetideus giesbrechti, Scolecithrix dana, Lucieutia sp. rechti (5.8%), Oncea sp. (5%), Corycaeus sp. (3.9%), and Haloptilus longicornis which were usually common Oithona sp. (3.7%), Candacia pachydactyla (3.7%), in the present collections rarely occur in neritic waters. Eucalanus attenuatus (3.3%), E. mucronatus (3.1 %), Some of the species like Eucalanus elongatus, Euchaeta Sapphirina sp. (2.9%), Rhincalanus cornutus (2%), wolfendeni, Centropages calaninus, Temor'a discaudata, . Cop ilia sp. (2%), and Temora stylifera (1.9%) Pontellina plumata and Haloptilus longicornis were contributed to about 86.5~~ of the total copepod better represented on the western side of the Andaman islands. *Present address: Regional Centre of NIO, Versova, Bombay Zoogeography of Indian Ocean plankton has been 400061 recently reviewed by Ra06: Although there is a vast 266 , , "I MADHUPRATAP et al.: MAJOR CRUSTACEAN GROUPS & ZOOPLANKTON DIVERSITY = ~ A. "",I'.·,;,.2·. -- -- ... c ... ',,/. • ··1~... -'. SIM o t ,', /'--~,A~ ..._e.._ I/~1\ I\" o 17 79 80 82 8~ 85 l!I6 87 88 92 ee 90 1204' • 10 1211 lIaT 71 74 77 ,. 10 82 as 8it •• " •• '2 .a '7 1104 • • 10 IZII STATIONS Figs 1 and.2-Distribution of copepod species in the Andaman Sea [1: (a) Pleuromamma indica, (b) Aetideus giesbrechti, (c) Eucalanus mucronatus, (d) Acartia amboyenensis, (e) Pontellina plumata, (I) Centropagesfurcatus, (g) C. calaninus, (h) Euchaeta wolfendeni, (i) Eucalanus elongatus, (j) Undinula darwini, (k) Cop ilia sp., (I) Oithona sp., (m) Corycaeus sp., (n) Rhincalanus cornutus, (p) Sapphirina sp. and (q) Haloptilus longicornis. 2: (a) Oncea sp., (b) Scolecithrix dana, (c) Acrocalanus sp., (d) Undinula vulgaris, (e) Eucalanus attenuatus, (I) Paracalanus sp., (g) Lucicutia sp., (h) Temora stylifera, (i) T. discaudata, (j) Euchaeta marina, (k) Candacia pachydactyla and (I) Eucalanus monachus.] literature on various groups of zooplankton, area and represented in 97% of the samples. Of the 17 comprehensive accounts of distribution of many species identified from the collections 16 belonged to species, especially of Copepoda are few. Tanaka 7 the family Halocyprididae and 1 to Cypridinidae. discussing the distribution of the genus Euchaeta Halocypris brevirostris (39.5%), Spinoecia porrecta reported that E. marina which was very common in the (15.9%), Metaconchoecia rotundata (14.4YJ, Con• present study is widely and densely distributed in the choecetta f{iesbrechti (9.7%), Orthoconchoecia striola Indian Ocean during SW monsoon but is absent in the (5%), O. atlantica (4.7%) and Euconchoecia aculeata Bay of Bengal during the same season. But an earlier (4.7%) were the common species (Fig. 3). study8 indicated that this species is common in the Bay Cypridina dentata which is very· common in the during SW monsoon also. E. concinna which is Arabian Sea 11 was represented in low numbers at 2 considered to be most abundant in the Bay of Bengal stations on the eastern side of the Little Andaman during NE monsoon 7 was represented only at 2 Island. Paraconchoecia elegans, P. discophora, P. stations in this study. Among Candaciids, C. procera, P. decipienns, Conchoecetta acuminata, pachydactyla reported to be widely distributed north of Orthoconchoecia bispinosa, Spinoecia parthenoda, lOON in the Indian Ocean9 was the most common Conchoecia magna and Conchoecilla daphnoides were form. C. discaudata, another common species of the the other species albeit sparsely occurring in the Bay of Bengal was also recorded. Pleuromamma indica collections. was common in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal6 Of the 16 species of ostracods recorded earlier from while Haloptilus longicornis was the most common the Andaman Sea 11, Microconchoecia curta and species of the genus in the Indian Ocean 1o. Platyconchoecia prosadena were not represented in the Ostracoda-Ostracods were fairly abundant in the present collections. All the 7 common species observed 267 INDIAN 1. MAR. seI., VOL 10 SEPTEMBER 1981 ~ IIlO FiQ.4 Z0 200 I/" Fig· 3 ----G-- ...,... 100 "'e 100 100 ~ " ~ I,,, /'~ , , , .•.. t~~ o 200 ~L 100 ~ -,.," ". .....•...•..• /:-a .OO~0 ' 200 200 " b ,1\\ 100 , \ ,/ \ --.•.. o 0.-., "~v,'\~-,=cr , ,I' •. -r ~-[;1 0 " • y, ~. ,----;- 10 1211'~-~~n~7 n 74 77 79 80 82 83 85 80 A,~ 89 88 92 96 90 1204 6 8 10 12" 1117 71 74 T7 79 80 82 113 85 80 81 88 92 9~ 97 1204 6 STATIONS Fig. 3-Distribution of Ostracod species in the Andaman Sea [(a) Orthoconchoecia atlantica, (b) Metaconchoecia rOlundata, (c) O. strio/a, (d) Spinoecia porrecta, (e) Euchonchoecia acu/eata, (I) Conchoecetta giesbrechti and (g) Ha/ocypris brairostris.] Fig. 4-Distribution of Decapod and Euphausiid species in the Andaman Sea [(a) Thalassocaris spp, (b) Hippolyte spp, (c) Brachyuran loea, (d) Lucifer typus, (e) L. /Janseni, (I) Sergestes spp, (g~Euphausia sihogae, (h) E. diomedea, (i) Thysanopoda sp., 0) Nematoscelis gracilis and (k) Stylacheiron carinatum.] in the present study showed a wide distribution in the contributed to the majority of decapods (41.5%) Indian Ocean. Conchoecilla daphnoides, an equatorial followed by carideans (31.3%), brachyurans (15.6%), species occurred at 2 stations on the eastern side of the penaeids (8.7%) and other decapod larvae (Fig. 4). A Car-Nicobar and Little Andaman Islands. Conchoe• similar trend had been observed in the general cetta acuminata, reported to be a rare species in the composition of decapoda in the HOE samples alsots. Indian Ocean, also occurred only at 2 stations east of Among sergestids, the oceanic form, Lucifer typus North and Little Andaman Islands. Orthoconchoecia dominated (18.3%) followed by L. hanseni(8.5%) and bispinosa and Paraconchoecia discophora having rare larvae of Sergestes spp (7.9%). Both the species of distribution in the Indian Ocean are new records for Lucifer were distributed around Andaman and the Andaman Sea. All the reported species from the Nicobar islands. On the other hand, L. pencillifer Andaman Sea are widely distributed in the Atlantic, which abundantly occurs in the Bay of Bengal8 was Pacific
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