Focus & Track Servo

COLLINEAR TECHNOLOGY™ Enabling the Commercialization of Holographic Information Storage Systems Mike Deese and Richard Caudle Consultants to Executive Management OPTWARE Corporation of America Longmont, Colorado E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Presented at the THIC Meeting at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Drive, Boulder CO 80305-5602 July 19, 2005

TM TM

¾ Introduce first generation Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) & Holographic Versatile Card (HVC) products to Data Archive, Data Security and Data Distributions market in 2006/2007

¾ Achieve OPTWARE brand name recognition via VARs and System Integrators ¾ Obtain a few significant OEM customers & Government Primes ¾ Establish industry standards which support HVD and HVC ¾ Establish Optware America for business development, Sales & Marketing, Product Development, System Integration and technical support Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Optware Corporation Optware was established in 1999 to: Create an entirely new data storage industry based on major technological breakthrough in optical recording disc using a new concept of holographic recording, ”Collinear Holography” which is completely different from conventional 2-Axis holographic recording technologies. Optware’s core competence is: ¾ Unique Collinear™ Technology ¾ Strong patent portfolio (over 56 patents in Japan and 39 overseas) ¾ Experienced Management Team CEO and CTO are formerly with Sony Others from IBM, Toshiba, HP, STK Inventors of MO & Minidisc Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Key Consultants for Optware

Richard Caudle - Exodus Communications, VP Global Business Development - Service Metrics, VP Business Development - US WEST (now Qwest) Interactive Services - The Coca-Cola Company & Kraft, Marketing executive

Algie Abrams - NASA, Apollo Scientist - Founder of Microsoft Studios

Mike Deese - NASA/ JPL, StorageTek, Cherokee Data, Exabyte - Co-founder with Dr. Aoki of Sony’s Optical Technology Division in Boulder - Co-founder along with Philips of ECMA/TC31 Optical Disk Standards Committee – circa 1984 - Chairman of ISO/IEC TCs/WGs - Director, Worldwide Advanced Strategy for Microsoft (Retired) - Co-Organizer of THIC circa 1968 Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Smooth migration of Optical Storage

650MB650MB 4.7GB4.7GB 1515--45GB45GB 200/4000GB200/4000GB (1.4Mbps) (10Mbps) (38Mbps) 270Mbps270Mbps

NA = 0.65 NA = 0.45 NA = 0.60 NA = 0.65 λ = 405 nm λ = 780 nm λ = 650 nm λ = 405 nm λ = 650 nm t = 1.2 mm t = 0.6 mm t = 0.6 mm λ = 650 nm t = 0.6 mm

How does Holographic Storage work?

The way holographic storage devices record is by splitting a laser into two beams. One beam, called the information beam, holds the encoded data and when the other beam, called the reference beam, crosses it at precise angles. At the point of intersection of the reference beam and the data carrying signal beam, the hologram is recorded in the light sensitive storage medium. Reconstructed Reference Reference Beam Beam Beam Interference pattern

Information Light sensitive Light sensitive Beam medium medium Presented to THIC Write OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 Read - All Rights Reserved Technology Comparison Conventional Optical Disc Holographic Optical Disc

Serial Data Page Data (1 bit / pulse) (60,000 bits / pulse)

Volumetric ~1μm Substrate Recording

Thin Surface Recording 200~300μm Data are recorded on to the Page data are recorded

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

OPTWARE demonstrated world’s first movie recording on a rotating disc Horimai invented OPTWARE Collinear Holography established

EU Project led by Thomson (ATOS) Holographic Storage Collinear technology using Photo Polymers (RCA) P. J. van Heerden DARPA Project made the first 3D holograms (HDSS & PRISM) (Polaroid) • Cal. Tech • Stanford Univ. • Univ. of Arizona Dennis Gabor Leith & Uptnieks • IBM invented Holography produced 3D image • Rockwell (Hungary) Using laser beamPresenteds to THIC • Kodak (Univ. of Michigan) • Lucent OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 • Polaroid - All Rights Reserved Optware’s Different Approach Learn from History – Then Commercialize

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 12 cm disc Optware Thomson approach Optical Disc In-line EU Project Incorporated Gabor’s idea to Optical Disc led by Thomson Holography (ATOS) Collinear technology Dennis Gabor invented Holography Modified to “Two-axis” (Hungary)

P. J. van Heerden Holographic Storage DARPA Project made the first using Photo Polymers (HDSS & PRISM) 13 cm disk 3D holograms (RCA) • Cal. Tech (Polaroid) • Stanford Univ. InPhase • Univ. of Arizona • IBM approach Leith & Uptnieks • Rockwell produced 3D image • Kodak Using laser beamsPresented to THIC • Lucent (Univ. ofOPTWARE Michigan) CORPORATION- © 2005 • Polaroid - All Rights Reserved ATHOS EU Project led by Thomson (July, 2004~ )

• Deutsche Thomson-Brandt GmbH • CEA-LETI • Moulage Plastique de l’Ouest • Optimal Optik • Toptica Photonics AG • RWTH Aachen • Darmstadt University of Technology • Budapest UniversityPresented of Technology to THIC and Economics OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved ATHOS: Optical concept Reference/Object - LC lens SLM beam splitter Objective lens

Object Beam Reference Beam Laserdiode 408nm

CCD Diffractive beamsplitter

Ref. Beam In Phase coded beamlets out CD/DVD Optics

¾ Guiding grooves for focusing and tracking by red laser ¾ Dichroic mirror to avoid crosstalk between pre-recorded grooves and recorded holograms

Coverlayer Holographic material Dichroic mirror Substrate Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Valuable Comments In our press announcement of the recent financial raise: Dr. Shinichi Tanaka, Director, Storage Media Systems Development Center, Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. "Optical discs have achieved improved recording density by making the light spot smaller, but with the Blu-ray Disc, this approach has achieved the ultimate area. There are high expectations for volume hologram recording as an innovative approach to further dramatic improvements in recording density. Optware's technology shows the right direction and offers promise for the future."

At the COST Action P8 meeting held in Sep. 2004 in Paris; Dr. H Richter of Thomson stated that - Near-field : Reliability/robustness of a system with removable media is questionable, even with improved technology - With collinear optics in combination with reflective disks and conventional DVD servo systems, compact and reliable drives can be realized ---- Optware is leading in the development of such drives concept Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Optware’s Collinear™ Technologies

Enabling Commercialization

HolographyHolography

http://www.dpreview.com/news/010 5/01051003blincdigitalcamera.asp DigitalDigital CameraCamera by Demetri Psaltis and Fai Mok Scientific American, November 1995, Vol. 273, No. 5 pp. 70-76. (CCD(CCD // CMOS)CMOS) ProjectorProjectorProjector (DMD(DMD(DMD /// SLM)SLM)SLM) http://www.sciam.com/1998/0 998issue/0998working.html OpticalOptical DiscDisc

Visualized Image of Holographic Recording Fringes

Page Data

Volumetric Recording Layer

Page data are recorded into the volumetric recording layer in Holographic recording ～25μm Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved TM Collinear vs. Two-Axis Holography Two-Axis Holography Collinear Holography

Information Beam Reference Beam Reconstruction Beam

SLM SLM Obj. Relay Lens Lens 1 CMOS Disc • Transmission Type Obj. Lens • No Address Info. • No Servo Info. Obj. Lens 2 Disc Reflective Layer with Servo and Address Info. CMOS Compatible with CD & DVD Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved TM Collinear Holography Recording Process

Reference Pattern

Information Pattern

SLM Media

Presented to THIC Lens OPTWAREBS CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Collinear™ vs. Two-Axis Holography Multiplexing Method 2-Axis Holography Collinear Holography Angle Multiplexing : “Stop and Go” Shift Multiplexing : “On the Fly”

Shift pitch is uniform in Reference all directions Angle Change

Cover Layer

Recording Layer

Reflective Layer Write Position Shift

Y Read-out Shift:Page Data X 1μm pitch

m 1μ

m Shift multiplexing 2μ

Shift pitch is uniform in all directions

Cover Layer

Recording Layer

Reflective Layer Write Position Shift

Shift Pitch (Δｘ＝ Capacity per Disc (12cmΦ)* Δｙ) １８μｍ１００ＧＢ１３μｍ２００ＧＢ “On the Fly” ８μｍ５００ＧＢ３μｍ Presented to THIC３．９ＴＢ (* at 60kbit/page) OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved HVD Disc Structure

Green or Blue Light Red Light

Cover Layer

Recording Layer Hologram (Photo Polymer)

Gap Layer Dichroic Mirror Layer Gap Layer

Ref.

Info.

Ref.

Servo Laser Focus & Track Servo

Cover Layer Recording Layer

Information Beam

This method is impractical for commercialization. Reference • Disc must be flat Beam • Disc must have perfect concentricity

Cover Layer Recording Layer Cover Layer

The critical system margins to be examined are

• Noise Margin : Coding • Disc Tilt Margin : Disc Flatness • Defocus Margin : Servo • De-track Margin : Servo • Laser Wavelength Margin For Commercial Viability, these critical system margins must be large enough to manufacture in volume at reasonable cost Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Laser Wavelength Margin

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 Collinear Holography 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Conventional Holography 0.1 (Two-axis) 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 Relative Signal Amplitude Relative Signal Δλ( nm)

Collinear Holography 600

500

400

300

200

100 Symbol Error

0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0

Δλ( nm)

Tilt margin is so small that the signal is gone at only ±0.05°tilt of disc

H. J. Coufal, D. Psaltis, and G. T. Sincerbox, eds., Holographic Data Storage, Springer (2000). InPhase presentation article, Extended summary of the 6th Optware Meeting (2002) Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Disc Tilt Margin

1 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 Collinear Holography 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 Conventional Holography 0.1 (Two-axis) 0 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.22 Relative Signal Amplitude Relative Signal Disc Tilt ( degree)

2500

2000

1500

1000 DVD Spec 500 Symbol Error

0 ＜＞

Collinear Holography 300

250

200

150 ＜＞ DVD Spec 100 Symbol Error 50

0 -4.0 -3.0 -2.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0

Another reason why conventional 2-Axis Holography has never been commercially Viable is due to its poor system margin;

System margin is strongly related to the system design allowance and manufacturability for both drive and disc

Canadian Basel II Electronic Ledger SEC 17a-4 Electronic Capital Storage Law (Japan) (USA) Evidence Act Accord HIPAA 11MEDIS-DC (USA) (Japan)

ISO 18501/18509 AIPA (Italy)

FDA 21 CRF GDPdU&GoBS Part 11 (Germany) NF Z 42-013 Sarbanes-Oxley Act (France) Public Financial (USA) Records Services BSI PD0008 (UK) Office (UK) Authority (UK) • 10,000 regulations in US alone • Scope: Compliance with Federal, State and Local regulations • Depth: Industry-specific, public corporations • Impact: Cost to comply or remediate,Presented to penalties THIC for non-compliance OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved HolographicHolographic DataData SecuritySecurity

User Data Spatial Light Modulator PagePage DataData ++ ReferenceReference Copy Protected and/or Highly Secured Data ! Encryption Biometric Key Code

WORM Position Detection Alterable Edge Detection

HVD/HVC Unalterable

Recording Reconstruction

Dr. A Dr. A FT

A’s A’s Personal Personal code Store Code Data OK ! Correct Code Digital Page Data Biometric Information Photo(b) FT

Photo(a) Mr. H FT

Stored Hologram H’s with Encryption Personal Code

• Reference and Page Data required to encrypt 3D Hologram

• One DMD element difference between the record and the playback Reference beam and it simply can’t be seen.

• Estimate 210,000 Keys per page

• Over 10,000 pages per second can be written.

• Reference Keys can change for each page,

ReferenceReference ++ PagePage DataData =

MAGNUMMAGNUM

Algie Abrams: The founder of Microsoft Studio and formerly with NASA

Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved SignalSignal andand ITIT SystemSystem StorageStorage andand GatewayGateway 1.1. OptwOptwararee Recorder/PlayerRecorder/Player perperffoormsrms asas aa VTRVTR andand asas aa NetworkNetwork ServerServer 2.2. OptwOptwararee bridgesbridges SignalSignal andand FileFile basbaseedd ProductionProduction SystemsSystems 3.3. OptwOptwararee crcreateseates LoLongng LifeLife ArchiveArchive MastersMasters

AVAV InputInput fromfrom SignalSignal SystemSystem AVAV OutputOutput toto SignalSignal SystemsSystems

OptwareOptware

HighHigh SpeedSpeed NetworkNetwork ConnectionConnection SCSI,SCSI, iSCS,iSCS, ATAATA (Part(Part ofof ManagedManaged SANSAN)) ForFor easyeasy ASIASI IntegrationsIntegrations

HVD for Archive, Backup, Transport

Mirrored Magnetic Drives for the immediate use of data Managed Storage to Production Systems via Controller high speed LAN networks.

Electronic Cinema 4k x 2k x 24 fps x 48 bits/pixel (1.2 GB/Sec)

OROR Multiple, Simultaneous High Definition 10 TB’s/Storage AV Interface recording AV Interface 1.5 Giga Byte/IO and playback Managed Storage 1.5 Giga Byte/IO RAID 6 High Definition I/O’s RAID Controller (15 Gigabits/sec)

OR 1000’s of High Definition and Standard Definition IP Multicast Streams

• 30GB/card ~ 150GB/card • 5MB/s ~ over 20MB/s • Holographic Data Security • Compact & Low Cost

Technological Breakthrough by jointly working with

Blue Laser Diode developed for Collinear Technology in the future consumer application

Standardization

The HVD Alliance will pursue de jure standards

de facto vs. de jure standard standard Ecma → ISO de facto standards : A format, language, or protocol that has become a standard not because it has been approved by a standards organization but because it is widely used and recognized by the industry as being standard. Some examples of de facto standards include: β/ VHS, Microsoft Windows, MAC OS, CD, MD Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved HVD Alliance HVD Alliance was officially formed in March, 2005 to promote standardization

Current Alliance Members http://www.hvd-alliance.org • Optware • Mitsubishi Chemical Media • Fujifilm •MPO • Toagosei • Konica Minolta Opt • CMC Magnetics • Lite-on • Nippon Paint • Software Architect •Pulstec • ALPS ELECTRIC Presented to THIC OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Ecma International TC44

The creation of a new TC for Holographic Information Storage Systems (HISS) was approved at the Ecma General Assembly meeting on December 9th 2004 TC44 Programme of Work; To develop standards for media recorded by holographic means, based initially upon the Collinear™ Technologies for

Holographic Versatile Disc - HVD but not excluding anyTM other recording and multiplexing technologies for HVD

Four projects were approved;

• Information Interchange on Recordable Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) Cartridges – Capacity : 200Gbytes per Cartridge February, 2005 ~ June, 2006

• Information Interchange on Holographic Versatile Card (HVC) – Capacity : 30Gbytes per Cartridge May, 2005 ~ June, 2006

• Information Interchange on Read-only Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) – Capacity : 100Gbytes per Disc August, 2005 ~ December, 2006

• Information Interchange on Case for Read-only Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD)

1st Meeting in Dec, 2004 (24 members) 2nd Meeting in Mar, 2005 (31members) Jan van den Belt : Ecma International Jan van den Belt : Ecma International F. le Carvennec : Carvennec Consultant Werner Glinka : Chairman Del Miller : Software Architect Inc. F. le Carvennec : Technical Editor Terry Loseke : InPhase Toshio Ando : JVC Akiyoshi Inoue : Pioneer Terry Loseke : InPhase Takashi Ishida : Panasonic Satoru Tanaka : Pioneer John Hoffman : Coherent Naohito Hayashi : Toagosei Pat Holland : Strategic Media Tech. Shin Satoh : Toagosei Algie Abram : Strategic Media Tech. Mike Deese : Optware Bert Heeselink : Stanford University Algie Abram : Optware Takayama : Sony Toshiyuki Kaeriyama : TI Yanagihara : Fuji Photo Film Koichi Tezuka : Fujitsu Wada : CMC Magnetics Kazuyuki Ozaki : Fujitsu M. Nakamura : Optware Yasuhide Kageyama : Optware Satoh : ToaGosei Harukazu Miyamoto : Hitachi Yamashita : Hitachi Mika Nakamura : Optware Sugaya : Toshiba Hideyoshi Horimai : Optware Y. Aoki : Optware Yoshio Aoki : Optware Bob Longman : Plasmon John Davis : Coherent Y. Kaneko : Optware Richard Coudle : Optware Endo : Pulstec Masao Endo : Pulstec Paul Weijenberg : Philips Toshihiro Sugaya : Toshiba John Newman : Toshiba Yawara Kaneko : Optware Mike Deese : Optware Naoto Yanagihara : Fuji Photo Film Yoshihisa Usami : Fuji Photo Film Toshio Sasaki : Fuji Photo Film Hans Coufal : IBM Tsutomu Shimura : University of Tokyo Shinichi Kadomaki : Matsushita (Panasonic) Nobuo Akahira : Matsushita (Panasonic) Presented toNaoto THIC Wad a : CMC Magnetics Onno Elzinga : Ecma International OPTWARE CORPORATION- © 2005 - All Rights Reserved Optware’s Technology Advantage Collinear™ Technologies

• Disc is a reflective type with pre-format address • Single objective Lens (co-axially aligned beams) • Dynamic focus and tracking servo • Wide system margin (tolerance) • On the fly Write & Read • High Speed Random Access • de jure interchange standards

¾ Demonstrated world’s first R/W of movie on a rotating disc: Jul, 0 ¾ Sold Collinear Blue (Static) tester shipped to Sony: Aug, 04 ¾ Investment from Matsushita, Fujifilm, etc. : Sep, 04 ¾ First HVD Alliance meeting (6 members and now 11) : Sep, 04 ¾ Joint development agreement with Sony: Nov, 04 ¾ Created New TC44 at Ecma for HVD: Dec, 04 ¾ Successful demonstration of high data rate to JST: Dec, 04 ¾ Investment from Toshiba, etc. : June, 05 ¾ Extensive Qualification of Prospective Early Adopters : June, 05

Optware’s first generation products will focus on Enterprise Market : Data Archiving such as

• Compliance - Healthcare (including Medical Imaging) - Government • Gas & Oil Exploration • Pharmaceutical • Movie Industry (Post-production, A/V-IT) • Security

Key Technology Partners

Disc & Cartridge SLM(DMD)

CMOS File System & Film Blue Laser

Photo Polymer Optics

①

②

Thank You

http://www.http://www.optwareoptware.co..co.jpjp