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Sound Waves Travel the Fastest Through the Air

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Sound Waves Travel the Fastest Through the Air Sound waves travel the fastest through the air Continue Acoustics is the branch of physics that deals with mechanical waves. This study of sound waves began with observations from the most important minds in science. Italian physicist galileo Galilei made a significant observation about the relationship between the frequency of a wave and its tone. The mathematician French Marin Mersenne was the first to record the speed of sound through the air in 1640. The understanding of sound waves and vibrations is a strong branch of acoustics, because it covers almost all aspects of modern society, especially when it comes to hearing and communication, cornerstones of survival. From the outer ear, the sound enters the auditory canal and moves towards the eardrum, which vibrates from the incoming waves. The three bones in the ear, malleus, incus, and stapes, receive vibrations and amplify them before sending them to the screw, a structure filled with fluid in the inner ear. The fluid inside the cochlear ripples, and stereocylia, hair-like structures, located in different regions of the basic membrane, pitch the sounds. The tips of stereocylia open up and the neurotransmitters create electrical signals that are passed to the auditory nerve, which transfers them to the brain for recognition. ericsphotography / Getty Images Sound acts on the surface of an object making it respond differently with various media. Vibration is caused by bumping particles, where each collision passes energy from one particle to another. Some have similar to this process to a relay, where the energy is like a stick transferred from runner to runner. Air is a gas that has no resistance, so it is easy to start a wave, but it will not be fast. Since the water is denser than air, more effort is needed to start a wave. But once started, the energy transferred from one particle to another helps sound waves move at least four times faster than through the air. borchee / Getty Images A 68 degress Fahrenheit, the speed of sound is 767 mph or 1,125 ft/s. As the speed of the object increases, the local speed of sound waves accumulates before it, creating what some people call a barrier. When the object reaches a certain acceleration, it bursts through the waves, overcoming all sound waves and built pressure. The result felt on the ground is the explosion known as the sound boom. vtwinpixel / Getty Images Some believe that lightning and thunder a separate phenomenon, when they are the product of cause and effect. Lightning is a combination of light, heat and energy. As it moves, it overheats the surrounding air, which expands so fast that it creates the kind of sound boom called thunder. amriphoto / Getty Images German physicist and musician Ernst Chladni, born in Germany, was interested in and science, but was forced to study law, due to his father's disapproval. He received his degree in law and, at the time of the of his father, he felt free to pursue his original interests. Based on the work of the 17th-century English physicist, Robert Hooke, Chladni invented a method for visualize sound waves on metal, called Chladni tables, His demonstration attracted the attention and favor of Napoleon Bonaparte. For all his work in this field, he is known by many as the Father of Acoustics. alengo / Getty Images A sound wave consists of frequency and amplitude. The frequency measures the number of sound vibrations per second, while the amplitude measures the force of the wave. Decibels, dB, indicate the energy of sound waves. Zero decibels are the softest detectable sound, and each 3 decibel increase doubles the sound intensity. Speaking normally is about 65 dBA, but sustained levels above 85 dBA can damage hearing. For example, a typical rock concert is 120 dBA of sound pressure that can damage the stereocylia in less than a minute. eduardrobert / Getty Images The presence of objects in its path can affect the movement of sound waves. For example, when sound hits a hard object, it is reflected, forming an echo. Softer objects absorb sounds to prevent it from traveling further. As sound waves travel in straight lines, it depends on what's in its path. The use of these echoes and absorption characteristics, help scientists study the depths of the ocean. dani3315 / Getty Images The study of how humans perceive certain sounds is called psychoacoustics. What the brain does with what the ears feel is a matter of many factors, including time and frequency. Psychoacoustics studies how sound waves convert into neural stimuli and more commercial applications, such as data compression techniques and audio noise reduction in telecommunications. Human ears have a frequency range from 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz, which decreases with age. This field can help doctors better understand the dynamics of hearing loss. Barisonale/ Getty Images Used by dolphins, bats and whales, echolocation uses sound waves to produce echoes. The echo bounces, returning to the animal's ears, helping it determine the distance, size and shape. For humans, echolocation can do the same thing. The blind and visually impaired create sounds by touching their cana or snapping their fingers, which can help them orient and navigate the world. CreativeNature_nl / Getty Images Theta waves are electrical impulses between 4 and 7 Hz that help induce relaxation. Scientists are testing an entrapment device that uses the combination of sound and light to improve wave activity and improve memory. The results showed that memory and theta activity lasted for a time after the device was turned off. However, it does not travel at all in a because sound waves need a kind of medium to travel to. In addition, some materials absorb, rather than reflect or pass, sound waves. This is the basis of soundproofing [source: Kurtus]. The average speed of sound through the air is about 1130 feet per second (344 meters per second) at room temperature. However, changes in temperature and humidity will affect this speed [source: Kurtus]. Advertising Here is an easy way to measure the speed at which sound travels through the air. You will need the following elements: Two wooden blocks, or other elements that make a loud and sharp sound when hit togetherA chronometer friendA friend to help with the experimentA tape measure Instructions: Find a large empty area, such as a field or large short. Choose two points at opposite ends of the area where each person stands. Measure the distance between the two points using a tape measure. Alternatively, you can count the measured steps between the two spots. Have your friend take the blocks and be in one place, holding them up. Take the stopwatch and stay the other way. Make sure you have a clear view of the blocks. Tell your friend to bang the two blocks together hard. Start the stopwatch as soon as you see the blocks hit each other. Press stop as soon as you hear the sound from the blocks. Calculate the speed of sound by dividing the distance between you and your friend by the time elapsed. To get a more accurate measurement, repeat a few previous steps and then take an average of the results [source: Green Planet Solar Energy]. ]]]]]> ]]> Sound travels in mechanical waves. A mechanical wave is a disturbance that moves and transports energy from place to place through a medium. In sound, noise is a vibrating object. And the medium can be any set of interconnected and interactive particles. This means that sound can travel through gases, liquids and solids. Let's take a look at an example. Imagine a church bell. When a bell rings, it vibrates, which means that the bell itself flexes inwards and outwards very quickly. As the bell moves outwards, it pushes against the air particles. These air particles then push against other adjacent air particles, and so on. As the bell flexes inwards, it pulls against adjacent air particles and, in turn, pulls against other air particles. This thrust and traction model is a sound wave. The vibrating bell is the original disturbance, and air particles are the medium. Advertising This content is not compatible on this device. Sound is not limited to moving through the air. Press your ear against a surface as solid as a table and eyes. Tell someone else to touch their finger across the table. Touch becomes the initial noise. Each tap sends vibrations across the table. The particles in the table collide with each other and become the means for sound. Sound. particles in the table collide with air particles between the table and the eardrum. When a wave moves from one medium to another like this, it's called transmission. Air particles collide with the eardrum membrane of the ear, also known as the eardrum. This starts a series of vibrations in different structures inside the ear. The brain interprets these vibrations as sounds. The whole process is quite complex. To learn more, see How hearing works. So, sound needs a physical means to travel anywhere. Is there enough physical material in space to act as a medium for sound waves? Find out in the next section. Just a zip-top bag per traveler. Don't forget your passports. Will you spend your beach holidays in Mexico or skiing Whistler in Canada? Don't forget. Passports are now needed. Drink. It's important to stay hydrated when traveling. But we can no longer take bottles of water across the safety line. Rather than buying high-priced bottles of water in the airline gate area, bring an empty bottle through security and fill at the drinking fountain.
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