Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program

Limnological and Fisheries Monitoring

Annual Report 2004 - 2005 March 2006 DOE/BP-00014804-1

This Document should be cited as follows:

Lee, Chuck, Deanne Pavlik-Kunkel, Kimberly Fields, Ben Scofield, "Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program; Limnological and Fisheries Monitoring", 2004-2005 Annual Report, Project No. 199404300, 202 electronic pages, (BPA Report DOE/BP-00014804-1)

Bonneville Power Administration P.O. Box 3621 Portland, OR 97208

This report was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), U.S. Department of Energy, as part of BPA's program to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife affected by the development and operation of hydroelectric facilities on the and its tributaries. The views in this report are the author's and do not necessarily represent the views of BPA. Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program

Limnological and Fisheries Monitoring

Annual Report January 2004 – December 2004

Prepared by:

Chuck Lee Deanne Pavlik-Kunkel Kimberly Fields and Ben Scofield

Spokane Tribe of Indians Department of Natural Resources Wellpinit, WA 99040

Prepared for:

U.S. Department of Energy Bonneville Power Administration Division of Fish and Wildlife Portland, OR 97208-3621

BPA Project No. 1994-043-00 BPA Contract No. 00014804

March 2006

Executive Summary

The Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program (LRFEP) sampled various fisheries and limnologic parameters in Lake Roosevelt during 2004 in continuation of long term evaluation and monitoring efforts. Precipitation accumulation in the Pacific Northwest during 2004 was about 4% than the 1984-2004 mean. Annual mean inflow (2,664 m3/s) to Lake Roosevelt in 2004 was 9% less than the 1984-2004 mean. Annual mean outflow (2,544 m3/s) at was 11% less than the 1984-2004 mean. Mean monthly elevation was lowest in March (384 m above mean sea-level) and highest in July (392 m above mean sea-level). Mean annual water retention time was 50 d. Mean annual total dissolved gas at the international border and Grand Coulee Dam was 107% and 103%, respectively. Mean monthly total dissolved gas from was highest in July (111%).

Mean annual temperature across all locations was 14.1 °C. Mean monthly temperatures reservoir wide were highest in August at 19.8 °C and lowest in January at 2.6 °C. Temperature profiles were isothermal to weakly stratified. Mean monthly dissolved oxygen across all locations was highest in January (10.8 mg/l) and lowest in August (7.8 mg/l). Dissolved oxygen dropped below 5 mg/l at Porcupine Bay from July to September in the hypolimnion but rebounded to 7 mg/l by October. At Spring Canyon and dissolved oxygen reached the into the 5 mg/l range during September at depth greater than 90 m

Mean annual Secchi disk depth across all locations was 7.4 m. Mean monthly Secchi disk depth across all locations was least in May at 4.5 m and greatest in October at 10.0 m. Mean annual total nitrogen and nitrate concentrations across all locations were 0.264 mg/l and 0.153 mg/l, respectively. Mean annual total phosphorus and orthophosphorus were 0.011 mg/l and 0.007 mg/l, respectively. Mean annual dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus ratio and mean annual total nitrogen to total phosphorus ratio were respectively 35:1 and 28:1, indicating potential phosphorus limitation.

Mean annual phytoplankton chlorophyll a across index stations was 0.8 mg/m3. Mean monthly phytoplankton chlorophyll a across all locations was highest in May at 1.9 mg/m3 and lowest in January at 0.3 mg/m3. Mean annual trophic state indices ranged from 20 to 36 indicating oligotrophic to meso-oligotrophic conditions in Lake Roosevelt. Mean annual periphyton

ii chlorophyll a across all locations was 8.7 mg/m2 with a mean annual production rate of 0.152 mg m-2 d-1. Periphyton chlorophyll a was highest at Spring Canyon (14.3 mg/m2) and lowest at Gifford (6.0 mg/m2).

Mean annual zooplankton density across all locations was 539 organisms/m3. Copepoda (83%) contributed most to overall density followed by Daphnia (15%). Mean monthly density across all locations was greatest in May at 733 organisms/m3 and least in January at 151 organisms/m3. Mean annual density was greatest at Spring Canyon. Mean annual biomass across all locations was 1,995 µg/m3. Daphnia (52%) accounted for the majority of overall zooplankton biomass followed by Copepoda (46%). Mean monthly biomass across all locations was greatest in July at 3,033 µg/m3 and least in January at 389 µg/m3. Mean annual biomass was highest at Porcupine Bay. Annual mean Daphnia biomass at index stations was 4,853 µg/m3. Mean annual lengths (mm) from all locations for overall zooplankton, Daphnia, Copepoda, and other Cladocera were 0.7, 1.4, 0.6, and 0.6, respectively. Mean annual zooplankton lengths were greatest at Keller Ferry and Spring Canyon.

Boat electrofishing and gill net surveys yielded 2,725 fish comprised of 0.1% Acipenseridae, 3.2% Cyprinidae, 12.1% Catostomidae, 19.5% , 5.6% Gadidae, 0.6% Cottidae, 25.2% Centrarchidae, and 33.7% Percidae. In boat electrofishing survey smallmouth bass (27.8%) was the most abundant in May, walleye (38.8%) was the most abundant in July, and (34.0%) was most abundant in October. Highest CPUE was observed at Hunters in May (52.0 fish/h) and October (27.8 fish/h), and at Kettle Falls in July (64.7 fish/h). (26.5%) and lake whitefish (26.55) were the most abundant in May, lake whitefish (26.8%) was most the most abundant in July, and smallmouth bass (40.8%) was the most abundant in October. The highest horizontal gill net CPUE was observed at the River (44.3 fish/net-night) in October. Only 40 fish were caught in 23 vertical gill net sets. Smallmouth bass (37.5%) were the most abundant and CPUE was highest at the Sanpoil River (3 fish/net-night).

Hatchery (1.14) had greater condition factor (KTL) than wild rainbow trout (1.04). Both showed greatest condition in October. Hatchery and wild origin rainbow trout were both aged to four years. Hatchery kokanee salmon (1.10) had greater KTL than wild kokanee salmon

iii (1.08). Condition was greatest for hatchery kokanee salmon in October, whereas wild kokanee

salmon KTL was greatest in July. Wild kokanee were aged to four years. Walleye (0.82) and

smallmouth bass (1.39) KTL was greatest in October.

Across all fish species, Daphnia was the most important diet item (Ria = 56.29). Osteichthyes (all fish prey species combined) was the second most important food item (Ria = 22.59). Of fish prey species, Salmonidae was preyed on most frequently (Ria = 5.77). Gastropoda was also frequently preyed upon (Ria = 7.05). Species that relied most heavily on zooplankton included peamouth, hatchery rainbow trout, wild rainbow trout, hatchery kokanee salmon, wild kokanee salmon, lake whitefish, eastern , Cottidae spp., black crappie, and yellow perch. Smallmouth bass and walleye also frequently preyed on Daphnia. Species that relied most heavily on fish prey included northern pikeminnow, , burbot, smallmouth bass, and walleye. Other species that preyed on fish included hatchery rainbow trout, wild rainbow trout, eastern brook trout, Cottidae spp., and yellow perch.

A total of 1,423 tags were recovered from rainbow trout. The majority of tags were recovered from fish released in 2003 (n = 760), although tags were also recovered from fish released in 2004 (n = 568), 2002 (n = 31), 2001 (n = 58), 2000 (n = 3), 1999 (n = 2), and 1998 (n = 1). The majority of tags were recovered from Spokane stock diploids (50.9%) and triploids (34.8%).

The January Test Fishery yielded 321 fish comprised of rainbow trout (n = 300) and kokanee salmon (n = 21). The majority of rainbow trout were of hatchery origin (99%), while most of the kokanee salmon were wild fish (95%). Total CPUE was 0.89 fish/rod-h.

The Two Rivers Trout Derby yielded 1,091 fish. Rainbow trout (n = 1,014) made up the majority of the harvest. Most of the rainbow trout (94%) and kokanee salmon (69%) were hatchery origin fish.

An estimated 337,746 angler trips were made to Lake Roosevelt from January through August (excluding April). Reservoir wide angler pressure was highest in June and lowest in January. Angler pressure was highest in the middle reservoir and lowest in the upper reservoir. The estimated economic value of the fishery was $9.73 million during the seven months that the creel survey was performed. Rainbow trout was the most targeted and harvested species, while

iv walleye was caught most frequently. Other species targeted by anglers included kokanee salmon, smallmouth bass, , burbot, black crappie, and yellow perch. Total harvest was estimated to be 897,396 fish. Total CPUE was 0.547 fish/angler h, and HPUE was 0.321 fish/angler h. Both CPUE and HPUE were highest in the lower reservoir. Anglers visited Lake Roosevelt from 32 counties, 11 states other than Washington, and two Canadian Provinces. The majority of anglers interviewed resided in Spokane County (22.2%), although 19.0% of anglers resided in counties in western Washington.

Fall walleye index netting (FWIN) yielded 2,431 fish. Walleye (28.2%) was the most abundant species collected in gill nets. Reservoir wide CPUE was 4.6 fish/net-night and was highest in the middle reservoir (5.1 fish/net-night), which included the Spokane Arm.

v Acknowledgments

We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Allan Scholz (Eastern Washington University, EWU) and Casey Baldwin (Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, WDFW) for advice and scientific input on this project. We thank Hank Etue, Randy Peone, Glenn Flett, Donny Carter, and Darla Ford (Spokane Tribe of Indians, STI), Jim Meskan (WDFW), Susan Thompson (Colville Confederated Tribes, CCT), for collection of creel and fisheries population data, and assistance with other fisheries management, and fish culture monitoring operations. Thank you for prompt and thorough laboratory work from Darren Lantzer, at STI Laboratory.

We also thank Rudy Peone and Tim Peone (STI), John Whalen, Mitch Combs, Jason McLellan, Curt Vail, Heather Woller and Mark Divens (WDFW), Jerry Marco, Monte Miller, Richard LeCaire, and Sheri Sears (CCT), and Holly McLellan (EWU) for counsel, advice and support in all areas. We recognize the National Park Service (USDI), for graciously providing camping at no cost to the project. Thank you to Charlie Craig (BPA, Division of Fish and Wildlife) who serves as our BPA contract office technical representative.

This project was supported by a contract from the U.S. Department of Energy, Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), (former Contract No.94BI32148 and current Contract No. 00014804) Project No. 1994-043-00.

vi Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... II ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...... VI TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... VII LIST OF TABLES ...... IX LIST OF FIGURES ...... XX INTRODUCTION...... 1

LIMNOLOGY ...... 1 FISHERY...... 2 PROJECT HISTORY ...... 2 STUDY OBJECTIVES 2004 ...... 4 Limnology ...... 4 Fishery ...... 5 Additional objectives (sub-contracted to other agencies) ...... 5 METHODS ...... 6

DESCRIPTION OF STUDY AREA ...... 6 LIMNOLOGY ...... 7 Surface Hydrology ...... 7 Physical and Chemical Characteristics ...... 7 Primary Producers...... 8 Zooplankton ...... 12 Statistical Analysis ...... 14 FISHERIES STUDIES...... 15 Fisheries Surveys ...... 15 Age and Growth ...... 16 Diet...... 19 Tagging Studies...... 21 Test Fishery...... 21 Two Rivers Trout Derby...... 21 Creel Survey...... 22 FWIN...... 31 RESULTS ...... 32

LIMNOLOGY ...... 32 Surface Hydrology ...... 32 Physical and Chemical Characteristics ...... 34 Primary Producers...... 41 Zooplankton ...... 45 FISHERIES STUDIES...... 51 Fisheries Surveys ...... 51 Age and Growth ...... 67 Diet...... 73 Tagging Studies...... 79 Test Fishery...... 86 Two Rivers Trout Derby...... 87 Creel Survey...... 89 FWIN...... 101

vii DISCUSSION ...... 103

LIMNOLOGY ...... 103 FISHERIES STUDIES...... 110 Fisheries Surveys ...... 110 Age and Growth ...... 114 Diet...... 119 Tagging Studies...... 121 Test Fishery...... 123 Two Rivers Trout Derby...... 126 Creel Survey...... 127 FWIN...... 131 RECOMMENDATIONS...... 134

LIMNOLOGY ...... 134 FISHERY...... 134 LITERATURE CITED ...... 135 APPENDICES...... 144

APPENDIX A. LIMNOLOGY TABLES...... 145 APPENDIX B. FISH DIET ANALYSIS AND CREEL SURVEY TABLES...... 153 APPENDIX C. TEST FISHERY PROTOCOL ...... 179

viii List of Tables

Table 1. Limnology sampling dates and corresponding round numbers on Lake Roosevelt (2004)...... 9

Table 2. Approximate limnology sampling location coordinates in degrees longitude and latitude...... 9

Table 3. Sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA and limnologic parameters sampled (2004)...... 11

Table 4. Report limits and methods for selected analytes processed at the Spokane Tribal Laboratory. All analytes in mg/l except for turbidity (NTU)...... 12

Table 5. Slope (b) and intercept (ln a) values used to estimate dry weights for 2004 Lake Roosevelt, WA zooplankton samples...... 14

Table 6. Fish sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). EF=Electrofishing, HG=Horizontal Gill Net, VG=Vertical Gill Net...... 18

Table 7. Hydrologic annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 32

Table 8. Monthly and annual hydrologic characteristics of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 33

Table 9. Total dissolved gas saturation monthly means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA. Includes data from fixed monitoring stations at US/Canada Border and Grand Coulee dam (2004)...... 35

Table 10. Total dissolved gas saturation annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 35

Table 11. Various water quality parameters processed at Spokane Tribal Lab. All measures in mg/l except turbidity (NTU). Includes annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2002)...... 41

Table 12. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a monthly means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from mid euphotic depths and index stations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 41

Table 13. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a annual location means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from mid euphotic depths on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 42

ix Table 14. Trophic state index (TSI) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from different measures at Gifford, Porcupine Bay, Seven Bays, Kerry Ferry and Spring Canyon on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 42

Table 15. Trophic state index (TSI) monthly means from different measures at Gifford, Porcupine Bay, Seven Bays, Keller Ferry and Spring Canyon on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 43

Table 16. Trophic state index (TSI) annual means from different measures across various sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 43

Table 17. Periphyton chlorophyll a (mg/m2) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges by sampling location, incubation depth, and incubation period on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 44

Table 18. Periphyton pheophytin (mg/m2) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges by sampling location, incubation depth, and incubation period on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 44

Table 19. Periphyton chlorophyll a accrual rate (mg m-2 d-1) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges by sampling location, incubation depth, and incubation period on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 45

Table 20. Zooplankton species found in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 45

Table 21. Mean monthly densities (organisms/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton for all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)... 46

Table 22. Total biomass, percent biomass, total density, and percent density contributed by taxonomic group in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2003)...... 46

Table 23. Mean annual densities (organisms/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton for various locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).. 47

Table 24. Mean monthly biomass (µg/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton across all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 48

Table 25. Mean annual biomass (µg/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton for various locations in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 48

Table 26. Zooplankton annual mean lengths (mm), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges across all sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 49

Table 27. Mean monthly length (mm) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and total pelagic zooplankton for all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 50

x Table 28. Annual mean length (mm) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and pelagic zooplankton for all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 50

Table 29. Synoptic list of all fish species captured via electrofishing and horizontal and vertical gill netting in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 52

Table 30. Number (n), relative abundance (RA) and location of fish species captured via electrofishing, horizontal, and vertical gill netting in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). 53

Table 31. Number (n), percent relative abundance (RA), and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) of fish species collected by sampling month via boat electrofishing at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 54

Table 32. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 55

Table 33. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing in May at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 56

Table 34. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing in July at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 57

Table 35. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing in October at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 58

Table 36. Number (n), relative abundance (RA), effort (net-nights), and catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net-night) by location and fish species collected by sampling month via horizontal gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 59

Table 37. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 60

Table 38. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets in May at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 61

Table 39. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-nights) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets in July at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 62

xi Table 40. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-nights) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets in October at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 63

Table 41. Number (n), relative abundance (RA), effort (net-nights), and catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net-night) by location and fish species collected by sampling month via vertical gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 64

Table 42. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 65

Table 43. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets in May at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 65

Table 44. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets in July at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 66

Table 45. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets in October at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 66

Table 46. Species, number measured for total length (nTL), mean total length ± SD, number weighed (nWt), and mean weight ± SD of fish captured during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 67

Table 47. Species, month of collection, number measured and weighed (n), and mean KTL (± SD) for fish collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 69

Table 48. Species, number (n), mean KTL, mean total length (TL), and mean weight (Wt) of fish caught during the January test fishery at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 70

Table 49. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of northern pikeminnow collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 70

Table 50. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of peamouth collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 70

Table 51. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of lake whitefish collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 71

xii Table 52. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of hatchery rainbow trout collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 71

Table 53. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of wild rainbow trout collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 71

Table 54. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of wild kokanee salmon collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 72

Table 55. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of mountain whitefish collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 72

Table 56. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of brown trout collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 72

Table 57. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of smallmouth bass collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 73

Table 58. Mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of black crappie collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 73

Table 59. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back- calculated total lengths of yellow perch collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 73

Table 60. Relative importance (Ria) values of diet items from fish species collected by boat electrofishing at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). (H = hatchery, W = wild) ...... 75

Table 61. Diet overlap of species sampled at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Bold values indicate high (>0.70) diet overlap. (H = hatchery origin, W = wild origin)...... 78

Table 62. Source of tag return, stock, and number per release year of tag returns for rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt (2004)...... 80

Table 63. Release year, release location, stock, ploidy, number (n) of rainbow trout tagged, number of tags recovered in 2004, recovery rates, and average number of days in the fishery (± standard deviation) for each release group of rainbow trout planted from 1998 to 2004 in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 81

xiii Table 64. Stock, ploidy, number (n) and percent (%) of tagged rainbow trout recovered in Lake Roosevelt, WA. (2004). *Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean total length of 381 mm and mean weight of 798 g...... 82

Table 65. Number of tag recoveries, recovery location, stock, ploidy, and percent of 2004 release year rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). FDR = Lake Roosevelt, GCD = Grand Coulee Dam...... 83

Table 66. Recoveries made by release year, number of rainbow trout tagged during release year, and recovery rates in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Number in parenthesis indicates tags recovered below Grand Coulee Dam...... 84

Table 67. Number (n), range of length, average length (± standard deviation), estimated mean total length growth (mm/d), and mean weight growth (g/d) and estimated mean number of days in the fishery (± standard deviation) between date of tag and date of capture by release location and stock/ploidy of tagged rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt WA (2003). Growth estimates were based only on information gathered through creel surveys, LRFEP sampling, FWIN surveys, Two Rivers Trout Derby, and Test Fisheries. Days in fishery included information received via angler tag returns...... 85

Table 68. Species, origin, number (n), relative abundance (RA, and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE as fish/rod h) of fish captured during the January test fishery in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). (Effort = 361.25 rod h) ...... 86

Table 69. Species, origin, number (n), mean total length (standard deviation), range of total length (TL), mean weight (standard deviation), range of weight and mean condition factor (KTL) of fish caught at the Two Rivers Trout Derby held on Lake Roosevelt, WA (August 21-22, 2004)...... 87

Table 70. Total monthly angler pressure estimates in hours (± 95% CI) by creel section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 89

Table 71. Monthly angler trip estimates by section, based on total hours from pressure estimates and mean trip length (h) at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 90

Table 72. Number of fish caught (n), and estimated number of fish caught (± 95% CI) by section and species at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Estimates are based on seven months of creel from January through August, excluding April...... 92

Table 73. Number of fish harvested (n), and estimated number of fish harvested (± 95% CI) by section and species at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Estimates are based on seven months of creel from January through August, excluding April...... 93

Table 74. Catch-per-unit-effort (fish/h) by species and section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents fish caught by anglers from January through August, excluding April. . 94

xiv Table 75. Harvest-per-unit-effort (fish/h) by species and section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents fish harvested by anglers from January through August, excluding April...... 95

Table 76. The number (n), mean total length (± standard deviation), and mean weight (± standard deviation) of fish caught by anglers at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents fish caught from January through August, excluding April...... 96

Table 77. Number of anglers interviewed (n), and the percent of anglers targeting various fish species by quarter and section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents anglers interviewed from January through August, excluding April...... 98

Table 78. Origin of residence (Washington county, State, or Canadian Province), and number and percent of anglers interviewed by creel section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).99

Table 79. Species, number (n), relative abundance (RA), condition factor (KTL), mean total length (TL), mean weight (Wt), and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of fish species captured during FWIN sampling at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). (Standard deviation = SD) (Effort = 150 net nights) ...... 102

Table 80. Annual mean inflow (m3/s), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Data from DART (2005)...... 104

Table 81. Annual mean outflow (m3/s), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Data from DART (2005)...... 105

Table 82. Annual mean water retention time (d), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Data from DART (2005)...... 105

Table 83. Annual mean temperature (°C), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Table created from May to October temperature profiles taken at pelagic index locations...... 106

Table 84. Annual mean Secchi disk depth (m), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Table created from May to October Secchi disk depths taken at pelagic index locations...... 106

Table 85. Annual mean total nitrogen (mg/l), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October...... 107

Table 86. Annual mean total phosphorus (mg/l), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October...... 107

xv Table 87. Annual mean orthophosphorus (mg/l), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October...... 107

Table 88. Annual mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October...... 108

Table 89. Annual mean phytoplankton chlorophyll a (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data from May to October...... 108

Table 90. Annual mean periphyton chlorophyll a (mg/m2), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location (except Keller Ferry) data from May to October...... 109

Table 91. Mean Daphnia spp. biomass (µg/m3) collected from five index locations in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004)...... 109

Table 92. Summary of the percent relative abundance of fish species collected via boat electrofishing in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004)...... 111

Table 93. Total effort and catch per unit effort (fish/h) of fish collected via boat electrofishing in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1995-2004)...... 112

Table 94. Summary of the percent relative abundance of fish species collected via horizontal and vertical gill nets combined in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004)...... 113

Table 95. Effort (h) and catch-per-unit-effort (fish/h) for fish collected via horizontal and vertical gill nets combined in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1995-2004)...... 114

Table 96. Comparison of Salmonidae KTL (± SD) collected at Lake Roosevelt (FDR), WA and other eastern Washington lakes and reservoirs (1998-2004)...... 116

Table 97. Comparison of non-Salmonidae KTL (± SD) collected at Lake Roosevelt (FDR), WA and other eastern Washington lakes and reservoirs (1998-2004)...... 117

Table 98. Age, number collected and mean total length (± SD) of male and female walleye collected during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 118

Table 99. Relative importance values of Osteichthyes in the diets of burbot, smallmouth bass, and walleye since 2000 in Lake Roosevelt, WA. (2000-2004)...... 120

Table 100. Overall release year recovery rates for rainbow trout tagged and released in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2000-2004)...... 122

xvi Table 101. Tag location, stock/ploidy, and total recovery rate by release year in Lake Roosevelt, WA...... 123

Table 102. Number (n), origin, relative abundance (RA), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/rod- h), mean total length ± standard deviation (TL), mean weight ± standard deviation (Wt), and condition factor ± standard deviation (KTL) of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout harvested during the January Test Fishery at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2001-2004)...... 125

Table 103. Number of teams registered, number (n), and percent relative abundance (RA) of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout of hatchery and wild origin harvested each year during the Two Rivers Trout Derby at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2000-2004)...... 126

Table 104. Economic value of the fishery, estimated number of angler trips, estimated number of rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, smallmouth bass, and walleye caught and harvested at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2000-2004). Represents data collected during creel surveys from January through August, excluding April. Cost per angler trip was adjusted from a value of $27.00 (USFWS 2003) in 2001 with a consumer price index calculator (USDL 2006)...... 130

Table 105. Relative abundance of fish caught during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2002-2004)...... 132

Table 106. Catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net) of fish caught during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2002-2004)...... 133

Table 107. Temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/l) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 145

Table 108. Specific conductance (µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (mg/l) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 146

Table 109. pH and redox potential (mV) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 147

Table 110. Turbidity (NTU) and Secchi disk depth (m) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 148

Table 111. Photic zone depth (m) and surface irradiance (µW cm-2 nm-1) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 149

xvii Table 112. Various water quality parameters processed at Spokane Tribal Lab. All measures in mg/l except turbidity (NTU). Table includes annual means from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 150

Table 113. Various water quality parameters processed at Spokane Tribal Lab. All measures in mg/l except turbidity (NTU). Table includes monthly means from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 150

Table 114. Phytoplankton pheophytin monthly means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from photic zone depths and index stations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 150

Table 115. Phytoplankton pheophytin annual location means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from photic zone depths on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 151

Table 116. Zooplankton annual mean densities (organisms/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), ranges, total sums, and % of total density from all sampling events and locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 151

Table 117. Zooplankton annual mean biomass (µg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), ranges, total sums, and % of total biomass from all sampling events and locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 152

Table 118. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for peamouth and northern pikeminnow collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). .... 153

Table 119. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for hatchery and wild origin rainbow trout collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).. 154

Table 120. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for hatchery and wild origin kokanee salmon collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 155

Table 121. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for lake whitefish and mountain whitefish collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). . 156

Table 122. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for brown trout and brook trout collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 157

xviii Table 123. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for burbot and Cottidae collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 158

Table 124. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for smallmouth bass and black crappie collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 159

Table 125. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for yellow perch and walleye collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 160

Table 126. Total boat pressure estimates for Section 1 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 161

Table 127. Total boat pressure estimates for Section 2 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 162

Table 128. Total boat pressure estimates for Section 3 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 163

Table 129. Monthly total pressure estimates and calculations for Section 1 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Italicized values indicate cell mean imputation was used...... 164

Table 130. Monthly total pressure estimates and calculations for Section 2 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Italicized values indicate cell mean imputation was used...... 166

Table 131. Monthly total pressure estimates and calculations for Section 3 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Italicized values indicate cell mean imputation was used...... 168

Table 132. Catch and harvest estimates for all species caught by anglers in Section 1 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 170

Table 133. Catch and harvest estimates for all species caught by anglers in Section 2 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 172

Table 134. Catch and harvest estimates for all species caught by anglers in Section 3 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 176

xix List of Figures

Figure 1. Limnology sampling stations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). River kilometer (rkm) from mouth...... 10

Figure 2. Boat electrofishing and gill net sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Refer to Table 6 for sampling location name and gear type used...... 17

Figure 3. Creel survey locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 25

Figure 4. Daily inflow and outflow at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 33

Figure 5. Daily reservoir elevation at Grand Coulee Dam forebay and water retention time in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 34

Figure 6. Mean total dissolved gas (± standard deviation) at all LRFEP sampling locations compared to fixed monitoring stations at US/Canada border and Grand Coulee Dam Forebay (2004)...... 36

Figure 7. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and temperature (°C) profiles from June to October at Porcupine Bay (2004)...... 37

Figure 8. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and temperature (°C) profiles from August to October at Keller Ferry (2004)...... 38

Figure 9. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and temperature (°C) profiles from August to October at Spring Canyon (2004)...... 38

Figure 10. Length frequency distribution of hatchery and wild rainbow trout captured during the Two Rivers Trout Derby at Lake Roosevelt, WA (August 21-11, 2004)...... 88

Figure 11. Length frequency distribution of hatchery and wild kokanee salmon captured at the Two Rivers Trout Derby at Lake Roosevelt, WA (August 21-22, 2004)...... 88

Figure 12. Map of counties in Washington state and the percentage of anglers residing in various counties, western Washington, and out of state that traveled to fish at Lake Roosevelt (2004). Western Washington and eastern Washington counties are divided by a black border...... 100

Figure 13. Catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net) of kokanee salmon, rainbow trout, smallmouth bass, and walleye captured in the lower, middle, and upper reservoir during FWIN surveys on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 101

Figure 14. Linear regression of age at total length of male and female walleye collected during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004)...... 118

xx Figure 15. Tag recoveries from below Grand Coulee Dam compared to monthly mean water retention time (d) in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1990-2004)...... 122

Figure 16. Percent of anglers visiting Lake Roosevelt, WA from western Washington counties (2000-2004)...... 131

xxi Introduction

Limnology

Lake Roosevelt is a large reservoir with different temporal and spatial characteristics. Lotic waters predominate in the upper reaches, which transition to more lentic waters near Grand Coulee Dam. The reservoir’s mainstem is considered oligotrophic and within the oligotrophic range (22-39) of Carlson’s (1977) trophic state index (Wilson et al. 1996; RAASC 1999; Lee et al. 2003). The major reservoir arms (Spokane and Sanpoil) appear to have more primary and secondary production than the mainstem (Lee et al. 2003; McLellan et al. 2003). Littoral production is reduced because of the annual spring drawdown, which averages 15 m (49 ft). Elevation is generally lowest in April and refill occurs by July. Drawdown reduces littoral benthic production (Beckman et al. 1985; Griffith et al. 1995; Voeller 1996; Black et al. 2003).

Production in the reservoir appears to be largely driven by pelagic photoautotrophy. Black et al. (2003) reported that the majority of carbon contained by most organisms in Lake Roosevelt’s food web was fixed by phytoplankton. The importance of pelagically derived production is also reflected in the diets of fish from Lake Roosevelt. Many fish, including those typically with benthic feeding habits, often contain considerable amounts of zooplankton (Black et al. 2003; Lee et al. 2003). Dominance of autochthonous autotrophic carbon fixation is not uncommon in large rivers and the main source of fixed carbon in Lake Roosevelt appears to be from phytoplankton (Vannote et al. 1980; Thorpe and Delong 2002; Black et al. 2003). Since littoral benthic production is reduced and there is an apparent dominance of pelagically derived production, most of our work in the current study focuses on the water column. This work has spanned several years and aims to establish an understanding of the limnology of Lake Roosevelt and ultimately how the different physical, chemical, and biological forces shape the fishery. Additionally, an ecological model will be developed with the compilation of a multiyear dataset for Lake Roosevelt.

1 Fishery

Monitoring of the Lake Roosevelt fishery began in July 1988 (Peone et al. 1990). The monitoring program is a cooperative effort between the STI, CCT, WDFW, and EWU. Fishery surveys were conducted to collect information on relative abundance, growth and condition, dietary items and overlap focused on inter-and-intra specific competition, identifying predator- prey relationships, and harvest of sport fish.

Resident game fish populations have become established in Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake, the reservoir behind Grand Coulee Dam, since the elimination of anadromous fish species. The resident game fish populations are now responsible for attracting a large percentage of the recreational visits to the region. In 2004 approximately 1,279,051 people visited the Lake Roosevelt National Recreational Area (NPS 2006).

The Lake Roosevelt fishery has brought in 5.3 to 20.7 million dollars annually to the local economy since artificial production began in the late 1980’s (McLellan et al. 2003). It is estimated that anglers have harvested as many as 32,353 kokanee salmon and 499,460 rainbow trout annually in Lake Roosevelt since monitoring began (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). Early salmonid stocking events in Lake Roosevelt were considered unsuccessful because of “token” returns to the sport fishery (Beckman et al. 1985). Today the salmonid fishery is managed through augmentation, monitoring, and harvest regulations, while only the latter is used to manage other species in an effort to maintain the integrity of the fishery and maximize sport fishing opportunities in Lake Roosevelt.

Project History

The construction of Grand Coulee Dam in 1939 permanently blocked waters historically utilized for reproduction and rearing by anadromous fish species. Grand Coulee Dam eliminated steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), (O. kisutch) and (O. nerka) from returning to approximately 1,835 km (1,140 miles) of natal streams and tributaries found in the upper Columbia River drainage in the United States and Canada (Mullan 1984; Mullan et al. 1986). The construction of Grand Coulee Dam also eliminated the anadromous pathway for white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and the

2 periodic deposition of marine derived nutrients from anadromous fish which likely benefited the entire food web (UCWSRI 2002).

The Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980 gave the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the authority and responsibility to use its legal and financial resources, “to protect, mitigate, and enhance fish and wildlife to the extent affected by the development and operation of any hydroelectric project of the Columbia River and its tributaries. This is to be done in a manner consistent with the program adopted by the Northwest Power Planning Council (NWPPC), and the purposes of the Act” (NWPPC 1987).

With the phrase “protect, mitigate and enhance,” Congress signaled its intent that the NWPPC’s fish and wildlife program should do more than avoid future hydroelectric damage to the basin’s fish and wildlife. The program must also counter past damage, work toward rebuilding those fish and wildlife populations that have been harmed by the hydropower system, protect the Columbia Basin’s fish and wildlife resources, and mitigate for harm caused by decades of hydroelectric development and operations. By law, this program is limited to measures that deal with impacts created by the development, operation and management of hydroelectric facilities on the Columbia River and its tributaries.

The Lake Roosevelt/Banks Lake artificial program is a supplementation program developed as partial mitigation for the loss of anadromous and resident fishes above Grand Coulee and Chief Joseph dams. Artifical production of rainbow trout (O. mykiss) began in 1986 and kokanee salmon (O. nerka) supplementation began in 1988. This was followed by the formation of the Spokane Tribal Lake Roosevelt Monitoring Project (LRMP) in 1988 and later by formation of the Lake Roosevelt Data Collection Project in 1991.

The Lake Roosevelt Data Collection Project began in July 1991 as part of the BPA, Bureau of Reclamation, and U.S. Army Corps of Engineers’ System Operation Review process. This process sought to develop an operational scenario for the federal Columbia River hydropower system to maximize the in-reservoir fisheries with minimal impacts to all other stakeholders in the management of the Columbia River.

3 The Lake Roosevelt Monitoring / Data Collection Program (LRMP) is the result of a merger between the Lake Roosevelt Monitoring Program (BPA No. 8806300) and the Lake Roosevelt Data Collection Project (BPA No. 9404300). These projects were merged in 1996 forming the Lake Roosevelt Monitoring Program (LRMP), which continues the work historically performed under the separate projects. The LRMP’s name changed again in 1998 to the Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program (LRFEP).

The LRFEP has two main goals. The first is to develop a biological model for Lake Roosevelt that will predict in-reservoir biological responses to a range of water management operational scenarios, and to develop fisheries and reservoir management strategies accordingly. The model will allow identification of lake operations that minimize impacts on lake biota while addressing the needs of other interests (e.g. flood control, hydropower generation, irrigation, and downstream resident and anadromous fisheries). Major components of the model will include: 1) quantification of entrainment and other impacts to phytoplankton, zooplankton and fish caused by reservoir drawdown and low water retention times; 2) quantification of seasonal distributions, standing crop, and habitat use of fish food organisms (i.e. zooplankton and juvenile fish species) in the reservoir; 3) examination of variations in fish growth and abundance in relation to reservoir operations, prey abundance and predator/prey relationships; and 4) quantification of habitat alterations due to hydro-operations.

The second goal of the LRFEP is to evaluate the impacts of hatchery kokanee salmon and rainbow trout on the ecosystem and to determine stocking strategies that maximize angler harvest and return of adult kokanee salmon to egg collection facilities. Major tasks of the hatchery evaluation portion of the project include conducting a reservoir wide creel survey, sampling the fishery during spring, summer and fall via electro-fishing and gillnet surveys, winter sampling via hook and line, and collecting information on diet, growth, and age composition of various fish species in Lake Roosevelt.

Study Objectives 2004 Limnology

1) Analyze surface hydrology data for Lake Roosevelt.

4 2) Collect limnological data from Lake Roosevelt including temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity, pH, redox potentials, and total dissolved gas.

3) Collect primary production data including chlorophyll a from phytoplankton and periphyton.

4) Collect zooplankton biomass, density, and length data.

5) Maintain complete databases to be used in the development of an ecological model of Lake Roosevelt.

Fishery

1) Estimate the relative abundance and catch-per-unit-effort of fishes in Lake Roosevelt through electrofishing, gill net, and angling surveys to evaluate species population trends.

2) Back calculate length at age of selected fish species collected from Lake Roosevelt to assess annual growth rates by year class.

3) Assess ecological impacts, relative importance of predator/prey relationships, and dietary overlap for the majority of fish species in Lake Roosevelt.

4) Estimate annual angler pressure and harvest, mean size of harvested fish, and conduct comparative assessments through rove access point creel surveys.

5) Compare and contrast historical and current fishery and limnological data to evaluate the reservoir ecosystem stability.

6) Evaluate the performance of hatchery stocks of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout as they contribute to the fishery.

7) Make comparisons of hatchery origin fishes to native wild stocks to identify potential impacts of artificial production.

Additional objectives (sub-contracted to other agencies)

1) Evaluation of hatchery kokanee returns to egg collection facilities (EWU; McLellan et al. 2001).

2) Evaluation of limiting factors for stocked kokanee and rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt (WDFW; Baldwin and Polacek 2002, and Baldwin et al. 2003).

3) Assessment of Lake Roosevelt habitat (CCT).

Previous annual reports for the Lake Roosevelt Data Collection Project include: Shields and Underwood (1996a and b), Cichosz et al. (1997; combined 1996 Annual Report for the Lake

5 Roosevelt Monitoring and Data Collection Programs), Cichosz et al. (1999), Shields et al. (2002), and Spotts et al. (2002). Previous reports for the LRMP include: Peone et al. (1990), Griffith and Scholz (1991), Griffith et al. (1995), Griffith and McDowell (1996), Voeller (1996), Underwood et al. (1996a and b), Cichosz et al. (1997; combined 1996 Annual Report for the Lake Roosevelt Monitoring and Data Collection Programs). Previous reports for the LRFEP include: McLellan et al. (2003; 1999 Annual Report), Lee et al. (2003; 2000 Annual Report), Scofield et al. (2004; 2001 Annual Report), Fields et al. (2005; 2002 Annual Report), and Pavlik- Kunkel et al. (2005; 2003 Annual Report).

Methods Description of Study Area

Lake Roosevelt is a mainstem Columbia River impoundment formed by the completion of Grand Coulee Dam in 1941 (Figure 1). The reservoir, at a full pool elevation of 393 m (1290 ft) inundates 33,490 hectares (82,691 acres) with a storage capacity of 1.16 × 1010 m3 (9.41 × 1010 acre-ft) and a maximum depth of 122 meters (400 ft) (Nigro et al. 1981). At 243 km long, Lake Roosevelt is the largest reservoir in Washington, the sixth largest reservoir in the U.S., and one of the largest artificial lakes in the world (Johnson et al. 1991). Grand Coulee Dam is the largest producer of hydropower in the United States and the third largest in the world, generating $462 million in power in 1994 (GCDIC 2002). Grand Coulee Dam is a Bureau of Reclamation storage project operated primarily for power, flood control, and irrigation with secondary operations for recreation, fish, and wildlife.

The Lake Roosevelt watershed drains a wide range of ecological habitat types including the steppe-shrub desert of central Washington, the agricultural/urban areas of the Spokane and Colville River valleys, the ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests of the inter-mountain plateau, and the western snow pack of the Rocky Mountains (Wilson et al. 1996). Major tributaries to Lake Roosevelt include the Columbia, Spokane, and Kettle Rivers, which contribute an average of 89, 7, and 3 percent of the inflow volumes to the lake respectively (Stober et al. 1981).

Flood control operations at Grand Coulee Dam annually reduce reservoir water elevation by up to 24 m between January and June to create room for peak spring flows. Spring drawdown

6 events decrease the volume of the reservoir by an average of 55% and its surface area by 45% annually (Beckman et al. 1985). Full pool elevation (393 m) is usually achieved by early July, coinciding with the Fourth of July weekend (Nigro et al. 1981). More recently, Lake Roosevelt has experienced an August drawdown of three-meters to facilitate anadromous through the lower Columbia River.

Limnology

Surface Hydrology

Hydrologic data was obtained from the “data at real time” (DART) website and the United States Geological Survey (DART 2005; USGS 2005). Reservoir elevation was converted to volume of water stored (m3 s-1 d-1) using a reservoir water storage table (USACOE 1981) and daily water retention time was calculated by reservoir volume divided by outflow.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Water temperature, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, oxidation–reduction (redox) potential, turbidity, total dissolved solids, and total dissolved gas were recorded from pelagic zones using a Hydrolab Surveyor 4®. Total dissolved gas measurements were also obtained from fixed monitoring stations (US/Canada Border and Grand Coulee Dam forebay) on Lake Roosevelt operated by the US Bureau of Reclamation (DART 2005). The Hydrolab® was maintained and calibrated (prior to sampling event) as recommended by the manufacturer. Instrument malfunctions or other sampling issues were noted in the results section of this report.

Lake Roosevelt was sampled throughout 2004 during 7 consecutive rounds (Table 1). The five historic index locations (Gifford, Seven Bays, Keller Ferry, Spring Canyon and Porcupine Bay) plus four locations near Little Falls Dam were sampled in 2004 (Table 3; Figure 1). Hydrolab® data was collected from the surface to a depth of 33 m at 3 m intervals. Additional Hydrolab® measurements were taken from 40 m to 90 m at 10 m intervals at Keller Ferry and Spring Canyon to characterize the profundal zones of the lower reservoir (Table 3).

Photic zone depths were estimated using a Kahl Scientific Instruments® Model 268WD305 underwater irradiameter. Photic zone depths were defined as the portion of the water column extending from the surface to a depth where one percent of ambient surface light penetrates

7 (Horne and Goldman 1994). Water transparency was also measured with a standard 20 cm (diameter) Secchi disk.

Macronutrients and other chemical constituents were determined at the five index locations (Table 3). Water samples were collected with an integrated sampling tube from the bottom of the photic zone to the surface. Samples were stored in acid washed bottles, and sent to an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) certified lab (Spokane Tribal Laboratory, STL) in Spokane, WA. Chemical constituents were analyzed using standard methodologies (Table 4) listed in the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI 2003). Some chemical concentrations were at or below reporting limits (the smallest measured concentration of a substance that can be reliably measured by using a given analytical method). In those cases, theoretical concentrations were substituted and were determined by dividing the report limit in half (RAASC 1999; USGS 1999).

Primary Producers

Phytoplankton and periphyton studies were conducted within the photic zone. Phytoplankton samples were collected by pumping water from depths half the total photic zone depth with an opaque hose. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a measurements were conducted at the five index locations (Table 3). Phytoplankton chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically at the STL (monochromatic method; APHA 1995).

Trophic status was assessed using Secchi disk depths, chlorophyll a concentrations, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen concentrations. The various measures were entered into Carlson’s trophic state index (Carlson 1977; Carlson and Simpson 1996). The equations used in the trophic state index (TSI) were as follows:

TSI SD = 60 - 14.41 ln (Secchi Disk in m) TSI Chl a = 9.81 ln (Chlorophyll a in mg/m3) + 30.6 TSI TP = 14.42 ln (Total P in mg/m3) + 4.15 TSI TN = 54.45 + 14.43 ln (Total N in mg/L)

8 Periphyton colonization rates were monitored on artificial growing substrates. Substrates were deployed mid July and retrieved in August, September, and October in embayment/littoral habitats near Gifford, Porcupine Bay, Seven Bays and Spring Canyon (Table 3). Substrates consisted of glass microscope slides anchored at depths of 1.5 m (5 ft) and 4.6 m (15 ft) below the reservoir surface. Slides were collected and frozen following retrieval and sent to the STL for spectrophotometric chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentration determination (monochromatic method; APHA 1995).

Table 1. Limnology sampling dates and corresponding round numbers on Lake Roosevelt (2004).

Round Sampling Dates 1 Jan 13 – 15 2 May 10 – 11, & 14 3 Jun 14 – 16 4 Jul 12 – 14 5 Aug 9 – 10, & 12 6 Sep 13 – 15 7 Oct 11 – 13

Table 2. Approximate limnology sampling location coordinates in degrees longitude and latitude.

Location Longitude Latitude Gifford Pelagic -118.156 48.303 Gifford Littoral -118.179 48.295 Seven Bays Pelagic -118.353 47.863 Seven Bays Littoral -118.340 47.859 Keller Ferry Pelagic -118.707 47.933 Spring Canyon Pelagic -118.931 47.946 Spring Canyon Littoral -118.931 47.932 Porcupine Bay Pelagic -118.163 47.901 Porcupine Bay Littoral -118.142 47.889 Little Falls Boat Launch -117.982 47.835 Little Falls Turbine -117.919 47.829 Little Falls Spillway -117.918 47.828 Little Falls Above Dam -117.919 47.832

9 Canada

United States

Kettle Falls (rkm 1128) N

Colville Indian Sampling Location Reservation Impoundment Gifford (rkm 1085)

Grand Coulee Dam Spokane Indian Reservation

Spring Canyon Porcupine Bay (rkm 965) (rkm 18.5) Keller Ferry Little Falls Dam (rkm 989) Seven Bays (rkm 1024)

Figure 1. Limnology sampling stations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). River kilometer (rkm) from mouth.

10

Table 3. Sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA and limnologic parameters sampled (2004).

Location River km Hydrolab® / Lab Water Phytoplankton Attached Algae Zooplankton Den. & Location Name # From Mouth Transparency Samples Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll a Biomass Columbia River (Mainstem) Gifford 2.0 1085 P P P L P Seven Bays 6.0 1024 P P P L P Keller Ferry 7.0 989 P P P P Spring Canyon 9.0 965 P P P L P Spokane River (Spokane Arm) Little Falls Above Dam 5.6 47.5 L Little Falls Spillway 5.3 47.5 L Little Falls Turbine 5.2 47.5 L Little Falls Boat Launch 5.1 41.8 L Porcupine Bay 4.0 18.5 P P P L P Index Station P=pelagic L=littoral

11 Table 4. Report limits and methods for selected analytes processed at the Spokane Tribal Laboratory. All analytes in mg/l except for turbidity (NTU).

Analyte Method Report Limit

NO3 as N 300.0 < 0.005 NO2 as N 300.0 < 0.01 NH3 as N 350.1 < 0.01 Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 < 0.05 Total N (TN) TKN+NO3+NO2 - Total P (TP) 365.1 < 0.005 Ortho-P 365.1 < 0.001 Alkalinity 310.1 < 1.0 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 160.1 < 2.0 Turbidity 180.1 < 0.05

Zooplankton

Zooplankton were sampled from the five index locations in 2004 (Table 3). All zooplankton samples were collected using a 20 cm diameter, 80 µm mesh Wisconsin plankton net fitted with a high efficiency sampling collar (Aquatic Resource Incorporated®). Only Branchiopod and Calanoid zooplankton were quantified. Three vertical tows were taken at each location from a depth of 33 m to the surface. In cases where sampling location depths were less than 33 m, tows were taken from 1 m above the bottom to the lake surface. Zooplankton from each tow were rinsed onto a 63 µm mesh screen and flash killed in 95% ethanol to ensure maximum egg retention. Collected organisms were then rinsed into a 60 ml polyethylene sample bottle using 70% ethanol for preservation.

In the laboratory, zooplankton were sorted, counted, and identified to species or lowest practical taxa using keys by Brooks (1957), Edmondson (1963), Pennak (1989) and Thorp and Covich (1991). When organism densities were too high to count directly, sub- samples were taken using a Motodo 1.5 l plankton splitter. High-density zooplankton samples were split until approximately 100 organisms of the most prevalent species remained in the sub-sample. Organism lengths were taken from the first 20 individuals of each species using a Leica MZ-8 dissecting microscope fitted with an optical micrometer. Upon obtaining 20 length measurements by species, all remaining individuals were counted. Branchiopod lengths were taken from the anterior most region

12 of the head to the posterior base of carapace. Calanoid lengths were taken from the anterior most region of the head to the base of caudal ramus.

Zooplankton length, density, and biomass were calculated for individual tows and means were calculated by location and date. Zooplankton densities were calculated through the incorporation of two equations. First, the volume of water sampled by the plankton net was calculated according to the equation:

V = πr2h

V = volume of water sampled (l) π = 3.14 r = radius of the sample net (cm) h = depth of the sample (m) Second, the number of zooplankton per cubic meter of water sampled was calculated using the equation:

D = ((TC×SF)/V) ×1000

D = organism density (#/m3) TC = total organisms measured and counted SF = the split fraction of original sample analyzed V = volume of water sampled (l)

Zooplankton biomass was determined for each species using the length to dry weight regressions of Dumont et al. (1975), Bottrell et al. (1976), and Downing and Rigler (1984; Table 5). Dry weight estimates for observed zooplankton species were calculated using the equation:

W = ea + b ln (L)

W = dry weight estimate (µg) for each species a = the slope intercept constant b = the slope constant of the regression line L = length measurement (µm) for each individual

13 Table 5. Slope (b) and intercept (ln a) values used to estimate dry weights for 2004 Lake Roosevelt, WA zooplankton samples.

Zooplankton Species ln a b Daphnia Daphnia galeata mendotae a 1.51 2.56 Daphnia pulex a 1.59 2.77 Daphnia retrocurva a 1.4322 3.129 Daphnia thorata a 1.51 2.56 Juvenile Daphnia b 2.45 2.67 Other Cladocera Alona quadrangularis a 2.8713 3.079 Bosmina longirostris a 3.28 3.13 Ceriodaphnia reticulata a 2.83 3.15 Chydorus sphaericus a 4.543 3.636 Diaphanosoma brachyurum a 1.6242 3.0468 Leptodora kindtii a -0.822 2.67 Sida crystallina a 2.0539 2.189 Copepoda Calanoid/cyclopoid nauplii c 1.1 1.89 Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi c 1.1 2.59 Epischura nevadensis c 0.0077 2.33 Leptodiaptomus ashlandi c 0.0077 2.33 Mesocyclops edax c 1.1 2.59 References: aDowning and Rigler 1984, bBottrell et al. 1976, and cDumont et al. 1975.

Statistical Analysis

Mean refers to the arithmetic mean. Statistical analysis of limnology data included analysis of variance (ANOVA) with significance tests based on F distributions using an alpha level of 0.05. Analyses of variances were supplemented by multiple mean comparisons to assess differences between groupings (Kleinbaum et al. 1998). Comparisons techniques included Fisher’s protected least squared difference (Fisher) and Scheffe’s multiple comparison (Scheffe). Multiple comparisons and ANOVA’s were computed using Statview 5.0.1. Statistical test assumptions (homogeneity of variance and normal distribution) were verified and data were transformed (natural log) in some cases to better meet assumptions (Kleinhaum et al. 1998). Coefficient of variation was determined by dividing the sample standard deviation by the sample mean. Standard abbreviations included: standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), minimum (Min), and maximum (Max).

14 Fisheries Studies

Fisheries Surveys

Seasonal (spring, summer, and fall) fishery surveys were conducted at ten index locations in the reservoir, which included: Evans Landing, Kettle Falls, Gifford, Hunters, Porcupine Bay, Little Falls Dam, Seven Bays, Sanpoil River, Keller Ferry, and Spring Canyon (Figure 2). Surveys were conducted over 24 h intervals.

Boat electrofishing surveys were performed in littoral areas of Lake Roosevelt and its tributaries. Ten minute transects were surveyed along approximately 0.5 km of shoreline using SR-180 and SR-23 electrofishing boats (Smith Root, Inc., Vancouver, WA; Reynolds 1983, Novotany and Prigel 1974). Voltage was adjusted to produce a pulsating DC current of approximately 3-4 amperes. A minimum of four transects were sampled at each index location.

Gill net surveys were performed in pelagic zones with benthic set horizontal and vertical gill nets (Hubert 1983). Four gillnets were set at each index station including 2-3 horizontal gillnets, and one vertical gill net dependent upon site characteristics. Horizontal gill nets were set on the lake bottom, and were 61 m in length and 3.7 m wide. Each horizontal net consisted of four 15.2 m panels with square mesh sizes of 1.3 cm, 2.5 cm, 3.8 cm and 5.1 cm. Vertical gill nets were 3.0 m wide, extended to a maximum depth of 61 m, and had a uniform 5.1 cm square mesh size. Gill nets were set in early afternoon and pulled the next morning. Gill netting was partially limited by low reservoir elevation and high spring flows.

Fish were identified to species using regional fish keys (Simpson and Wallace 1978; Wydoski and Whitney 1979; Wydoski and Whitney 2003). Each fish was measured to the nearest millimeter (total length) and weighed to the nearest gram using a spring or digital Acculab® scale. Sex and origin (hatchery or wild) were determined by field observation of Floy® tags, fin clips, and fin deformities when possible. Mean length and weight were calculated for each species collected. Relative abundance (RA) which is the number of individuals of one species divided by the total number of individuals and

15 catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) were calculated seasonally for each gear type. Specific release groups of hatchery kokanee were identified by fin clips. Hatchery kokanee data was also incorporated into EWU’s Fisheries Research Center hatchery kokanee analysis.

Age and Growth

Scales were taken from appropriate locations for each species (Jearld 1983) and placed in coin envelopes. Scales were analyzed by placing them between two microscope slides and magnifying them with a Realist Vantage 5, Model 3315 microfiche reader. Ages were determined by counting the annuli of non-regenerated, uniform scales and distances between the origin of the scale and each annuli and the scale radius were measured for back calculating length at age (Jearld 1983). Each measurement was made under constant magnification to the nearest millimeter.

The direct proportional method was used to back calculate the length of the fish at the formation of each annulus (Devries and Frie 1996). The direct proportional method was used to maintain consistency with the methods used in previous Lake Roosevelt reports. Back-calculations were computed using the formula:

⎛ Si ⎞ ⎜ ⎟ Li = ⎜ ⎟Lc ⎝ Sc ⎠

Li = back calculated length of fish (mm) when the ith increment was formed Lc = length of fish (mm) at capture Sc = radius of hard part at capture Si = radius of hard part at the ith increment

16

Figure 2. Boat electrofishing and gill net sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Refer to Table 6 for sampling location name and gear type used.

17 Table 6. Fish sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). EF=Electrofishing, HG=Horizontal Gill Net, VG=Vertical Gill Net.

Site # Site Name Location # Location Name Gear Type 1 Pink Castle Above 0 Evans EF 2 Pink Castle Below 0 Evans EF 3 Summer Island West (Fisherman's Cove) 0 Evans EF/HG 4 Summer Island Middle (Pump Flats) 0 Evans VG 5 Summer Island East (Pump Flats) 0 Evans EF/HG 6 Tom's Corner 0 Evans EF/HG 7 Nancy Creek 1 Kettle Falls EF 8 Kettle Falls west shore (across from launch) 1 Kettle Falls VG 9 Sherman Creek 1 Kettle Falls EF/HG 10 Game Reserve Cove 1 Kettle Falls EF/HG 11 Colville Bridge above 1 Kettle Falls EF 12 Colville Bridge Below 1 Kettle Falls EF/VG 13A Stranger Creek East (Gifford Creek) 2 Gifford EF 13 Hall Creek 2 Gifford EF 14 Hall Creek Inside 2 Gifford HG 15 Hall Creek Mouth 2 Gifford HG 16 Stranger Creek West 2 Gifford EF/HG 17 Lynx Creek 2 Gifford EF/VG 18 Nez Perce Creek 3 Hunters EF/VG 19 Nez Perce Creek Mouth 3 Hunters HG 20 Hunters Creek 3 Hunters EF/HG 21 Alder Creek 3 Hunters EF/HG 22 O-Ra-Pak-En Creek 3 Hunters EF 23 Little Falls Spillway 4 Spokane River Upper EF 24 Little Falls Turbines 4 Spokane River Upper EF 25 Ardell Flats 4 Spokane River Upper EF 26 Tribal Boat Launch 4 Spokane River Upper EF 27 Pump Flats 4 Spokane River Upper EF 28 Walleye Flats 4 Spokane River Upper EF 29 Blue Creek 5 Spokane River Lower EF/HG 30 Sand Creek 5 Spokane River Lower EF/HG 31 Eagle's Nest 5 Spokane River Lower EF/VG 32 Cemetery Flats 5 Spokane River Lower HG 33 A-Frame 5 Spokane River Lower EF 34 Confluence East 6 Seven Bays VG 35 Confluence West 6 Seven Bays HG 36 Sunday Bay 6 Seven Bays EF/HG 37 Friday Bay 6 Seven Bays EF 38 Hawk Creek Upper 6 Seven Bays EF 39 Hawk Creek Lower 6 Seven Bays EF 40 Hawk Creek Mouth 6 Seven Bays HG 41 Sanpoil River Upper 7 Sanpoil River EF 42 Sanpoil River Lower (Power Lines) 7 Sanpoil River EF/HG 43 Across From Keller Park 7 Sanpoil River VG 44 John Tom Creek 7 Sanpoil River EF 45 Dick Creek 7 Sanpoil River EF/HG 46 Log Boom (French Johns Lake) 7 Sanpoil River EF/HG 47 Whitlaw Cove 8 Keller Ferry EF/HG 48 Moonlight Cove 8 Keller Ferry EF/HG 49 Moonlight Cove Entrance 8 Keller Ferry VG 50 Orchard Cove 8 Keller Ferry EF 51 Lighthouse Cove 8 Keller Ferry EF/HG 52 Sandy Cove 9 Spring Canyon EF/HG 53 Kwei Kwei Creek (Goat Ranch) 9 Spring Canyon EF/VG 54 Spring Canyon Boat Launch 9 Spring Canyon EF 55 Yacht Club 9 Spring Canyon EF 56 Crescent Bay 9 Spring Canyon EF/HG 57 GCD North Shore 9 Spring Canyon HG

18 Condition factor (KTL) was calculated for each fish (Hile 1970, Everhart and Youngs 1981). Condition factor describes how a fish adds weight in relation to incremental changes in length and is calculated by the formula: ⎛ w ⎞ K = 105 TL ⎜ 3 ⎟ ⎝ l ⎠

KTL = condition factor w = weight of fish (g) l = total length of fish (mm)

Diet

Stomachs were collected from the first five fish of each 100 mm size class of most species at each of ten index locations. Additional kokanee stomachs were obtained during the test fishery in January. Stomachs were collected by making an incision into the body cavity, cutting the esophagus, and pinching the pyloric sphincter. The esophagus was clamped to keep prey items from being expelled and the stomach was placed in 70% ethanol.

Stomach contents were identified to Order or Family when possible using Brooks (1957), Edmondson (1963), Borror et al. (1976), Ruttner-Kolisko (1974), Edmonds et al. (1976), Wiggins (1977), Pennak (1978, 1989), and Merritt and Cummins (1984). Digested organic matter, plant seeds, insect eggs and other miscellaneous material was lumped into an “other” category. Food organisms were identified using a Nikon® SMZ-1B dissecting microscope equipped with a fiber optics illumination system and 5 mm ocular micrometer.

Prey items were enumerated and weighed by drying sorted stomach contents in an oven at 105° for 24 h on a stainless steel wire screen. Sub-samples of zooplankton were taken using a Petri dish with a molded grid. Eight randomly chosen squares were counted (18% of total surface area), and counts were extrapolated to represent the entire sample. Contents were weighed on a Sartorius Model H51 analytical balance to the nearest 0.0001 g (Weber 1973, APHA 1995).

19 Number, dry weight, and frequency of occurrence were calculated for each prey item (Bowen 1996). Relative importance index values were used to compensate for numerical estimate biases that over-emphasize small prey groups consumed in large numbers and weight estimate biases that exaggerate influence of large prey items consumed in small numbers. The relative importance index was calculated using the formula (George and Hadley 1979; Bowen 1996):

100Aia a Ri = n ∑ Aia a=1

Ria = relative importance of food item a Aia = absolute importance of food item a n = number of different food types

Relative importance values range from zero to 100% with prey items near zero being relatively less important than those prey items near one hundred percent. Diet overlap was calculated to determine forage utilization and degree of potential interspecific competition. The overlap index is expressed in the following equation (Morisita 1959; Horn 1966):

n 2∑()Pxi xPyi i=1 C x = n n ∑∑Pxi 2 + p yi 2 i==1 i 1

Cx = overlap coefficient n = number of food categories Pxi = proportion of food category (i) in diet of species x Pyi = proportion of food category (i) in diet of species y

Overlap coefficients were computed using Ria values in the equation for the variables Pxi and Pyi. Overlap coefficients range from 0 (no overlap) to 1 (complete overlap). Values of less than 0.3 are considered low and values greater than 0.7 indicate high overlap (Peterson and Martin-Robichaud 1982). High diet overlap indices may indicate competition if food items utilized by the species are limited (MacArthur 1968).

20

Tagging Studies

Sub-samples of hatchery reared rainbow trout were marked with T-anchor Floy® tags as part of a tagging study to evaluate fish performance. The date, location, and fish stock were recorded for each tagging event. All fish were measured for total length and 25 of each 1,000 fish were weighed to attain a mean weight. Spokane stock rainbow trout (coastal strain, O. m. irideus) were marked and released from Kettle Falls, Seven Bays, and Keller Ferry net pens. Phalon Lake stock rainbow trout (O. m. giardneri) were released from net pens at Kettle Falls.

Posters with tag return information were posted at access points throughout the reservoir. Tag return boxes installed at access points allowed anglers to voluntarily return tags at boat launches. Tags were recovered from anglers via creel clerks and tag boxes, or were reported by phone or mail. Anglers were asked to provide date of capture, location, species, length and weight when possible. The same information was collected when fish were encountered during scientific fisheries surveys. Data was used to evaluate movement within the reservoir, entrainment, and growth. Tag recovery locations were categorized by nearest boat launch.

Test Fishery

The annual test fishery was conducted January 5-15, 2004. Anglers targeted kokanee salmon and rainbow trout by boat trolling within the lower reservoir. For complete protocols see appendix C.

Two Rivers Trout Derby

The fourth annual Two Rivers Trout Derby was held on August 21th and 22th, 2004. Ninety-five teams (two anglers per team) reported catches out of 128 registered. Derby anglers targeted kokanee salmon and rainbow trout and were required to follow Washington State fishing regulations (WDFW 2004). The LRFEP voluteered as weigh masters of the tournament in order to gain fish data. Total length (mm), species, weight

21 (g), scales, origin, and tag information were collected for all fish. Additionally, otoliths and tissue samples for DNA analysis were taken from kokanee salmon.

Creel Survey

A two-stage probability sampling scheme using a roving-access design was used to estimate annual fishing pressure, catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE), and sport fish harvest of each species on Lake Roosevelt (Pollock et al. 1994, Malvestuto 1996). Creel surveys were a cooperative effort of the STI, CCT, and WDFW. The lake was stratified into three sections; upper, middle and lower, with each agency responsible for a section. Creel surveys were conducted at Spokane and Colville tribal campgrounds and National Park Service boat launches for a total of 27 survey locations (Figure 3).

The creel surveys were reported for the time period January 2004 through August 2004 (excluding April). The creel period was divided into the following seasonal quarters; January through February 2004 (winter), March through May 2004 (spring), and June through August 2004 (summer). Beginning in September 2004 a new creel protocol was implemented. Data collected under the new creel protocol from September through December will be analyzed and reported in the 2005 annual report, as well as a rational for the change in survey methods.

Schedules were constructed by dividing each month into weekday and weekend/holiday stratum and days were stratified into a.m. (sunrise to 12:00) and p.m. (12:00 to sunset) time periods. Eighteen weekdays and four weekend/holidays were randomly selected to schedule roving progressive pressure counts with half of the surveys conducted during the a.m. and the other half conducted during the p.m. (Pollock et al. 1994). The remaining a.m. or p.m. time slots over the 22 day time period were used to conduct four h access point surveys. The schedules were developed monthly by randomly selecting day, time (am/pm), and location of access point surveys. Rove surveys were conducted during the opposite time period of the access point surveys. Schedules were randomly constructed and independent by section.

22 During roving progressive pressure counts, creel clerks recorded the number of boat trailers and shore anglers at access points in their section. Many shoreline anglers did not fish at boat launches. Consequently, locations frequently visited by anglers were added as sites for the rove, but not as access areas to sit at. The creel clerk reached the access points by road. If the clerk was ahead of schedule, they interviewed the shoreline anglers that were close to the road. An interview took less than five minutes, and enabled the clerk to gather important catch and trip length data.

Access point surveys were only conducted at boat launches (Figure 3). During each access point survey, creel clerks interviewed anglers to collect the following information: angler type, hours fished, trip completeness, satisfaction, zip code of residence, target species, and number of fish harvested and released. Harvested fish were identified to species, measured for total length (mm), weighed (g), and examined for Floy® tags, fin clips, and physical markings such as eroded pectoral and pelvic fins, and stubbed dorsal fins. Physical marks were used to differentiate rainbow trout of net-pen/hatchery origin from wild fish. Scale samples were collected from kokanee, rainbow trout, and walleye. Heads were taken from fin clipped kokanee for coded wire tag analyses. Additionally, non-anglers were interviewed to correct for recreational boaters vs. anglers.

Between 1990 and 1993, air flights (one flight per stratum) were scheduled to coincide with monthly roving pressure counts. The creel clerks recorded the number of boat trailers and shore anglers in their section, concurrently the surveyor in the airplane recorded the number of boats on the water and the number of shore anglers. This information was used to compute a correction factor for the number of boats on the water versus the number of boat trailers at access points (Cichosz et al. 1999). The correction factor for boat trailers versus boats on the water was determined between 1990 and 1993, averaged among years and then applied to 2004. Limitation of funds negated our ability to conduct regularly scheduled air flights. The number of boats on the reservoir was determined for the stratum weekday/weekend, section and month by completing the following calculation:

23 Tb = (Cbt )(CFb )

o Tb = number of boats on water for each stratum per month

o Cbt = mean boat trailer count from pressure counts for each stratum per month (total # boats / # days sampled)

o CFb = boat trailer correction factor for each stratum per month

The number of boats fishing for the strata weekday/weekend, section and month was calculated by using the formula:

Bf = (Tb )(%Bf )

o Bf = number of boats fishing for each stratum per month

o Tb = number of boats on the water for each stratum per month

o %Bf = percent of boats fishing for each stratum per month (number is in decimal form) The adjusted mean number of boat anglers per day for the strata weekday/weekend, section and month was estimated using the formula:

X d = (Ad)(Bf )

o Xd = adjusted mean number of anglers per boat per day for each stratum per month

o Ad = mean number of anglers per boat from effort counts for each stratum per month o Bf = number of boats fishing for each stratum per month

24

Figure 3. Creel survey locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

25 The number of boats fishing for the strata weekday/weekend, section and month was calculated by using the formula:

Bf = (Tb )(%Bf )

o Bf = number of boats fishing for each stratum per month

o Tb = number of boats on the water for each stratum per month

o %Bf = percent of boats fishing for each stratum per month (number is in decimal form) The adjusted mean number of boat anglers per day for the strata weekday/weekend, section and month was estimated using the formula:

X d = (Ad)(Bf )

o Xd = adjusted mean number of anglers per boat per day for each stratum per month

o Ad = mean number of anglers per boat from effort counts for each stratum per month

o Bf = number of boats fishing for each stratum per month

The above calculations used to estimate the instantaneous number of boat anglers were estimated separately by section then summed to obtain a full lake estimate. The number of hours available for fishing (sunrise to sunset) was estimated using the following formula:

N s = (Ds )(H d )

o Ns = number of h per weekend, weekday per month

o Ds = number of days per month a weekday or weekend

o Hd = average number of h per day for each stratum per month.

26 The number of hours sampled for each stratum per month was estimated using the formula:

Ds n = ∑()H ci i=1

o n = number of h sampled for each stratum per month

o Ds = number of days per month within each stratum

o Hci = mean number of h creeled per day for each stratum per month.

The number of shore anglers per day for each stratum per month was estimated using the formula:

Pd Xd = ∑(Spi) i=1

o Xd = mean number of shore anglers per day for each stratum per month from pressure counts

o Pd = Number of days that pressure counts were conducted for each stratum per month

o Spi = total number of shore anglers counted during pressure counts for each stratum per month

The mean number of anglers (boat or shore) for each stratum per month was estimated using the formula:

X s = (X d )(Ds )

o Xs = mean number of anglers for each stratum per month

o Xd = mean number of anglers for each stratum per day

o Ds = number of days per month within the stratum

27 The standard deviation of anglers (boat or shore) for each stratum per month was estimated using the formula:

Ss = (Sd )(Ds )

o Ss = standard deviation of anglers for each stratum per month;

o Sd = standard deviation of anglers per day for each stratum per month

o Ds = number of days per month for each stratum per month

The mean number of angler hours per angler for each stratum was estimated using the formula:

⎛ T ⎞ ⎜ h ⎟ H a = ⎜ A ⎟ ⎝ i ⎠

o Ha = mean number of angler h per angler for each stratum per month

o Th = total h spent fishing for each stratum per month

o Ai = total number of anglers interviewed for each stratum per month

Pressure (h fished) was estimated for day stratum (weekday or weekend/holiday) for boat and shore anglers for each month by section by the formula:

⎛ N s ⎞ PE s = ⎜ ⎟()()X s H a ⎝ n ⎠

o PEs = pressure estimate for each stratum per month

o Ns = number of h for each stratum per month

o n = number of h sampled for each stratum per month

o Xs = mean number of anglers for each stratum per month

o Ha = mean number of angler h per angler for each stratum per month

28 The variance of the pressure (h fished) estimate for each stratum per month was calculated by:

⎛ N s ⎞ 2 VPE s = ⎜ ⎟Ss ⎝ n ⎠

o VPEs = variance of pressure estimate for each stratum per month

o Ns = number of h for each stratum per month

o n = number of h sampled for each stratum per month

o Ss = standard deviation of mean number of angler h for each stratum per month.

Ninety-five percent confidence intervals for each stratum per month were calculated by:

C.I. = PE ± (VPEs)1.96

o C.I. = 95% confidence intervals for each stratum per month

o PE = pressure estimate for each stratum per month

o VPEs = variance of the pressure estimate for each stratum per month

Monthly angler pressure and 95% C.I. were determined by calculating weekend/weekday and boat/shore anglers per month by section. Cell mean imputation was implemented when necessary to perform calculations for pressure and harvest estimates (Lohr 1999). Annual angler pressure and 95% C.I. estimates were calculated by summing monthly angler pressure estimates and variances, which were used to calculate a 95% C.I. estimate for each section. Each section was then summed to estimate reservoir wide pressure.

Literature by Malvestuto et al. (1978), Fletcher (1988) and, Malvestuto (1996) demonstrated that CPUE values calculated independently from complete and incomplete trip data were not statistically different. Therefore, complete and incomplete angler trips were used to compute CPUE for fish species in each stratum. CPUE was calculated

29 independently for fish captured (kept and released) and fish harvested (kept) for each stratum and month with the formula:

⎛ F ⎞ CPUE = ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ Th ⎠

o CPUE = Catch per unit effort of a particular fish species for each stratum per month

o F = number of fish captured (harvested) for each stratum per month

o Th = total h spent fishing for each stratum per month.

Monthly CPUE of a particular fish species was calculated by dividing the total catch for the entire month (all stratum) by the total angler h (all stratum) for each section. Annual CPUE values of a particular fish species were calculated by dividing the total catch for the year by the total number of angler hours for the year.

Harvest of fish species was determined for each stratum per month by the formula:

Harvest = (H cpue )(PE s )

o Harvest = harvest of a particular fish species for each stratum per month

o Hcpue = number of particular fish species harvested for each stratum per month

o PEs = pressure (h fished estimate for each stratum per month)

Monthly harvest estimates for a particular fish species by stratum were combined to calculate a total monthly harvest estimate by section. Monthly harvest estimates were combined to calculate annual estimates for each fish species by section. Section harvest estimates were added by month to obtain reservoir wide harvest.

Data compiled by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service in 2001 determined that the average inland fishery angler spent $27.00 (U. S. dollars) per trip for U. S. residents in Washington (USFWS 2003). To calculate current dollar amount spent by anglers per

30 trip, the 2001 cost per fishing trip was adjusted for inflation using the consumer price index inflation calculator, which adjusted $27.00 in 2001 to $28.80 in 2004 (USDL 2005).

The adjusted dollar value was multiplied by total number of angler trips in 2004 to provide an estimate of the economic value of the fishery. The number of angler trips per month was determined by dividing the total number of angler h per month by the average length of a completed fishing trip for the month. Annual angler trips were calculated by summing monthly angler trip values. Annual creel estimates were based on 7 months of creel data, excluding April when no creel was conducted and months when the new creel method was implemented (September – December).

FWIN

FWIN (fall walleye index netting) sampling was initiated in 2002 on Lake Roosevelt. The sampling effort on Lake Roosevelt was divided into three sections (upper, middle, and lower) amongst LRFEP partners. FWIN sampling developed by Morgan (2000) was applied to Lake Roosevelt with some modification. Area and depth stratification were modified due to the large size of the reservoir.

31 Results

Limnology

Surface Hydrology

Precipitation accumulation in the Pacific Northwest during 2004 (64.5 cm) was approximately 4.3% less than the 1984-2004 (68.7 cm) mean (NOAA 2005). Annual mean inflow to Lake Roosevelt in 2004 (2,663.7 m3/s) was 9% less than the 1984-2004 mean (Table 7; Figure 4). Mean monthly inflow was lowest in February (1,880.2 m3/s) and greatest in June (3,880.0 m3/s; Table 8). Annual mean outflow from Lake Roosevelt in 2004 (2,544.0 m3/s) was 11% less than the 1984-2004 mean. Mean monthly outflow was also lowest in March (1,892.0 m3/s) and greatest in June (3,427.5 m3/s).

Annual mean elevation in 2004 at Grand Coulee Dam’s forebay was 389.7 m above mean sea-level (m MSL). Mean monthly elevation was lowest in March at 384.0 m MSL and greatest in July and December at 392.4 m MSL (Table 8; Figure 5). The spring runoff drawdown was approximately 9.0 m beginning in late December 2003 (392.5 m), reaching its lowest point by March 11th (383.5 m) and rebounding to about full pool by July 7th (392.8 m). Annual mean water retention time in 2004 was 50.3 d and approximately 10% greater than the 1989-2004 mean (45.4 d). Monthly mean daily water elevation change was greatest in January (0.16 m/d) and least in October (0.08 m/d; Table 8). Reservoir elevation at Grand Coulee Dam forebay was below the mean elevation (389.7 m MSL) for ≥ 23 d during January through May and below the mean elevation for 1 d during August and September (Table 8).

Table 7. Hydrologic annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Parameter Mean SD n Min Max Inflow (m3/s) 2,663.7 631.4 366 1,585.7 4,318.3 Outflow (m3/s) 2,544.0 689.9 366 747.6 4,465.6 Spill (m3/s) 1.3 2.2 366 0.0 8.5 Storage (m3 s-1 d-1) 118,398.7 10,013.3 366 97,366.0 130,290.0 Elevation (m MSL) 389.7 2.9 366 383.5 393.0 Water Retention Time (days) 50.3 16.2 366 26.5 145.6 Daily Elevation Change (m/d) 0.1 0.1 365 0.0 0.4

32

Table 8. Monthly and annual hydrologic characteristics of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Daily Water Forebay Days Below Inflow Outflow Spill Storage Elevation Month Retention Elevation Mean (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3/s) (m3 s-1 d-1) Change Time (d) (m MSL) Elevation (m/d)

Jan 2,241.4 2,683.2 0.00 114,789.2 44.3 388.7 0.16 23 Feb 1,880.2 2,232.1 0.00 104,861.2 50.7 385.8 0.15 29 Mar 2,025.9 1,892.0 0.00 99,151.5 56.0 384.0 0.12 31 Apr 2,596.9 2,231.6 0.00 108,238.7 53.8 386.8 0.12 30 May 3,398.1 2,807.5 0.64 112,975.8 41.2 388.2 0.13 30 Jun 3,880.0 3,427.5 4.44 125,361.7 37.6 391.7 0.12 0 Jul 2,877.4 2,740.3 5.76 128,163.3 48.4 392.4 0.10 0 Aug 2,591.6 2,644.3 3.93 120,904.0 49.5 390.4 0.10 1 Sep 2,529.8 2,044.3 0.76 123,160.8 63.7 391.0 0.11 1 Oct 2,213.1 2,158.9 0.00 127,021.3 61.7 392.1 0.08 0 Nov 2,488.7 2,536.8 0.00 127,391.6 55.0 392.2 0.10 0 Dec 3,218.3 3,111.5 0.00 128,232.7 42.3 392.4 0.09 0 Annual 2,663.7 2,544.0 1.30 118,398.7 50.3 389.7 0.12 Total = 145 Mean

5000

4500 Inflow Outflow

4000

3500 /s) 3 3000

2500

2000 Inflow & Outflow (m & Outflow Inflow 1500

1000

500

0 1-Jan 1-Feb 3-Mar 3-Apr 4-May 4-Jun 5-Jul 5-Aug 5-Sep 6-Oct 6-Nov 7-Dec 2004

Figure 4. Daily inflow and outflow at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

33 395 200

180

390 160

140

385 120

100

380 80 Water Retention(d) Time 60

375 40

ReservoirElevation @ G. Coulee Forebay (m meansea level) Forebay Elevation Mean Elevation 20 Full Pool Elevation Water Retention Time 370 0 1-Jan 1-Feb 3-Mar 3-Apr 4-May 4-Jun 5-Jul 5-Aug 5-Sep 6-Oct 6-Nov 7-Dec 2004

Figure 5. Daily reservoir elevation at Grand Coulee Dam forebay and water retention time in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Physical and Chemical Characteristics

Total Dissolved Gas

Mean annual total dissolved gas (TDG) across all LRFEP stations, US/Canada border fixed monitoring station (FMS), and Grand Coulee Dam forebay FMS was 105% (SD = 6; n = 1192; Table 9; Figure 6). This mean does not include data from the Grand Coulee Dam forebay FMS August 21 – 24th and November 11-12th because of unusually high numbers (Figure 6). The highest monthly mean for this data set was recorded in July at 111% (SD = 4; n = 130) and the low was observed in January at 98% (SD = 1; n = 130; Table 9).

Across LRFEP stations annual mean TDG saturation was greatest at Seven Bays at 106% (SD = 5; n = 85) and lowest at Spring Canyon at 104% (SD = 5; n = 85; Table 10). Annual mean TDG saturation at the US/Canada border FMS was 107% (SD = 7; n = 360). Annual mean TDG saturation at the Grand Coulee Dam forebay FMS excluding the data from August 21 – 24th and November 11-12th was 103% (SD =5; n = 358).

34 Table 9. Total dissolved gas saturation monthly means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA. Includes data from fixed monitoring stations at US/Canada Border and Grand Coulee dam (2004).

Month Mean SD n Min Max Jan 98.0 1.5 130 93.9 103.2 Feb 99.2 1.5 58 96.6 102.0 Mar 101.9 1.6 61 99.1 105.6 Apr 106.8 1.6 60 102.8 110.2 May 110.9 4.4 132 103.2 132.6 Jun 109.8 5.8 117 99.6 120.7 Jul 111.4 4.3 130 101.9 123.2 Aug 107.0 4.4 124 94.8 118.0 Sep 103.2 2.7 129 92.8 113.9 Oct 101.6 3.7 131 96.7 118.3 Nov 99.2 1.9 58 96.6 104.3 Dec 101.4 4.3 62 95.4 107.9 Total 104.9 6.0 1192 92.8 132.6

Table 10. Total dissolved gas saturation annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Waterbody Location Mean SD n Min Max US-Canada Border1 106.9 6.7 360 97.1 123.2 Gifford 106.2 5.5 86 96.8 114.4 Seven Bays 106.5 4.8 85 98.9 115.5 Mainstem Columbia Keller Ferry 106.4 7.5 73 97.5 132.6 Spring Canyon 104.2 4.5 85 96.7 115.3 Grand Coulee Forebay1,2 102.9 5.1 358 93.9 114.5 Little Falls3 102.9 4.3 58 96.6 110.6 Spokane Arm Porcupine Bay 102.4 4.6 87 92.8 113.2 1Data from DART website downloaded 2005. 2Excluded 8/21 - 8/24/2005 and11/11 - 11/12/2005 because unusually high. 3Little Falls locations combined.

35 190

170 LRFEP Means US/Canada Border Grand Coulee Forebay 110% TDG Standard 150

130

Total Dissolved Gas (%) Gas Dissolved Total 110

90

70 1-Jan 20-Feb 10-Apr 30-May 19-Jul 7-Sep 27-Oct 16-Dec 2004

Figure 6. Mean total dissolved gas (± standard deviation) at all LRFEP sampling locations compared to fixed monitoring stations at US/Canada border and Grand Coulee Dam Forebay (2004).

Other Chemical and Physical Characteristics

Mean temperature across all sampling locations and events in 2004 was 14.1 °C (SD = 5.8; n = 582). Mean temperatures reservoir wide were highest in August at 19.8 °C (SD = 2.5; n = 80) and lowest in January at 2.6 °C (SD = 0.5; n = 82). Water temperatures met the stratification criterion of 1 °C ∆ / m on two occasions but were short-lived. Additional temperature means are located in appendix A (Table 107).

Mean dissolved oxygen concentrations across all sampling locations and events in 2004 was 8.8 mg/l (SD = 1.5; n = 582). Mean dissolved oxygen across all locations was highest in January at 10.8 mg/l (SD = 0.5; n = 69) and lowest in August at 7.8 mg/l (SD = 1.1; n = 80). Dissolved oxygen concentration at Porcupine Bay was 5.0 mg/l at 33 m by July 12th and went below 5.0 mg/l through to at least September 13th. Bottom dissolved oxygen concentrations (mg/l) at Porcupine Bay were 1.6 at 33 m and 0.2 at 34 m

36 respectively during August 9th and September 13th. By October 11th dissolved oxygen concentrations returned to the 7-8 mg/l range from surface to 37 m at Porcupine Bay (Figure 7). Dissolved oxygen concentrations at Keller Ferry and Spring Canyon also reached the 5 mg/l range in September at depth. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) at Keller Ferry on September 14th at 90 m was 5.2 and 5.1 at 93 m. By October 12th dissolved oxygen at Keller Ferry within the entire water column was in the 7 to 8 mg/l range (Figure 8). Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) at Spring Canyon on September 14th at 99 m was 5.8 and 5.4 at 90 m. By October 12th, dissolved oxygen at Spring Canyon within the entire water column was in the 7 mg/l range (Figure 9). Additional dissolved oxygen means are located in appendix A (Table 107).

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) and Temperature (°C) 012345678910111213141516171819202122232425 0

5

10

15

20 DO Jun DO Jul Depth (m) DO Aug 25 DO Sep DO Oct Temp Jun 30 Temp Jul Temp Aug Temp Sep 35 Temp Oct

40

Figure 7. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and temperature (°C) profiles from June to October at Porcupine Bay (2004).

37 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) and Temperature (°C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10111213141516171819202122232425 0

10

20

30

40

50

60 Depth (m) Depth DO Aug 70 DO Sep DO Oct 80 Temp Aug Temp Sep 90 Temp Oct

100

110

Figure 8. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and temperature (°C) profiles from August to October at Keller Ferry (2004).

Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) and Temperature (°C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 0

10

20

30

40

50

60 Depth (m) Depth DO Aug 70 DO Sep DO Oct 80 Temp Aug Temp Sep 90 Temp Oct

100

110

Figure 9. Dissolved oxygen (mg/l) and temperature (°C) profiles from August to October at Spring Canyon (2004).

38 Mean annual specific conductance from all sampling locations was 126.8 µS/cm (SD = 25.1; n = 582). Mean monthly specific conductance across all locations was highest in September at 145.5 µS/cm and lowest in June at 105.7 µS/cm (appendix A Table 108). Mean annual total dissolved solids concentration from all sampling locations was 81.2 mg/l (SD = 16.0; n = 582). Mean monthly total dissolved solids concentration across all locations was greatest in September at 93.1 mg/l and lowest in June 67.6 mg/l (appendix A Table 108). Mean annual pH across all locations was 7.8 (SD = 7.7; n = 582). Mean monthly pH across all locations was highest in August at 7.9 and lowest in June at 7.8 (appendix A; Table 109). Mean annual redox potential across all locations was 378.5 mV (SD = 32.2; n = 582). Mean monthly redox across all locations was highest in July at 394.4 mV and lowest in September 354.7 mV (appendix A; Table 109).

Mean annual turbidity (measured via Hydrolab®) from all sampling locations was 0.04 NTU (SD = 0.42; n = 568). Mean monthly Hydrolab® turbidity was highest in July at 0.10 NTU and was measured at 0.00 NTU in May and August (appendix A; Table 110). Mean annual turbidity (measured via STL) from all sampling locations was 1.18 NTU (SD = 1.55; n = 30). Mean monthly STL turbidity was highest in June at 3.60 NTU and lowest at 0.54 NTU in September. Mean annual Secchi disk depth from all sampling locations was 7.4 m (SD = 2.6; n = 35). Mean monthly Secchi disk depth from all locations was highest in October at 10.0 m and lowest in May 4.5 m (appendix A; Table 110). Mean annual photic zone depth from all sampling locations was 12.8 m (SD = 3.0; n = 35). Mean monthly photic zone depth from all locations was highest in September at 15.1 m and lowest in May at 7.8 m (appendix A; Table 111). Mean annual surface irradiance from all locations was 48.7 µW cm-2 nm-1 (SD = 30.7; n = 35). Mean monthly surface irradiance from all locations was highest in August at 81.0 µW cm-2 nm-1 and lowest in January at 13.2 µW cm-2 nm-1 (appendix A; Table 111).

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen was most often measured in the form of nitrate. Mean nitrate concentration across all locations in 2004 was 0.153 mg/l (SD = 0.176; n = 30; Table 11). Mean annual nitrate concentration at Porcupine Bay at 0.433 mg/l was significantly greater than concentrations at Gifford (0.070 mg/l), Seven Bays (0.094 mg/l), Keller Ferry (0.088 mg/l), and Spring Canyon (0.082 mg/l; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0001).

39 Nitrite was measured twice at the report limit (0.01 mg/l) out of 30 total samples so the annual mean concentration was estimated at 0.005 mg/l (Table 11). Annual mean ammonia concentration was estimated to be 0.026 mg/l where 16 samples out of 30 had measurable amounts of ammonia (Table 11). Mean annual total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) and total nitrogen (TN) were 0.105 mg/l and 0.264 mg/l, respectively (Table 11). Most nitrogen from sampling locations appears to be in the most oxidized form or associated with organic matter.

Annual mean total phosphorus (TP) concentration was 0.011 mg/l (SD = 0.008; n = 30). Mean annual TP concentration (mg/l) at Porcupine Bay (0.019) was significantly greater than concentrations at Seven Bays (0.010), Keller Ferry (0.008), and Spring Canyon (0.008; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0485; Appendix A; Table 112). Annual mean orthophosphorus (ortho-P) concentration was 0.007 mg/l where are samples taken had measurable amounts of ortho-P (Table 11). Mean annual ortho-P at Porcupine Bay (0.012 mg/l) was significantly higher than ortho-P at Spring Canyon (0.004 mg/l; Fisher; P = 0.0471; Appendix A; Table 112). Mean annual orthophosphorus across all other locations (Gifford, Seven Bays, and Keller Ferry) ranged from 0.005 to 0.006 mg/l.

Annual mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIN:DIP) and TN:TP were 35:1 and 28:1, respectively (Table 11; Appendix A; Table 112; Table 113). Annual mean DIN:DIP was greatest at Porcupine Bay (66:1) and lowest at Gifford (17:1). Annual mean TN:TP was also greatest at Porcupine Bay (44:1) and lowest at Gifford (16:1). Mean DIN:DIP across all locations was greatest in October (76:1) and least in July (18:1). Mean TN:TP across all locations was greatest in September (56:1) and least in June (13:1). Mean annual alkalinity was 55.1 mg/l; and mean annual total suspended solids (TSS) was 2.0 mg/l (Table 11; Appendix A; Table 112; Table 113).

40 Table 11. Various water quality parameters processed at Spokane Tribal Lab. All measures in mg/l except turbidity (NTU). Includes annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2002).

Parameter Mean SD n Min Max NO3 0.148 0.229 25 0.005 1.030 NO2 0.004 0.001 20 0.003 0.005 NH3 0.008 0.006 25 0.005 0.020 TKN 0.158 0.100 25 0.070 0.480 TN 0.310 0.256 25 0.130 1.163 Ortho-P 0.004 0.009 25 0.001 0.045 TP 0.017 0.039 25 0.003 0.200 DIN:DIP 80:1 84:1 25 4:1 323:1 TN:TP 44:1 28:1 25 3:1 111:1 Alkalinity 59.1 8.6 20 52.8 81.2 TSS 1.7 1.6 25 1.0 8.0 Turbidity 0.90 0.74 25 0.21 3.43

Primary Producers

Phytoplankton

Mean annual phytoplankton chlorophyll a at index stations was 0.8 mg/m3 (SD = 1.0; n = 70; Table 12; Table 13). Monthly mean phytoplankton chlorophyll a was greatest in May at 1.9 mg/m3 and lowest in January at 0.3 mg/m3 (Table 12). Annual mean phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentration (mg/m3) at Porcupine Bay (1.5) was significantly greater than concentrations at Keller Ferry (0.5) and Spring Canyon (0.5; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0151). Mean annual phytoplankton pheophytin was 2.2 mg/m3 and ranged from 1.3 to 3.3 mg/m3. Additional pheophytin descriptive statistics are located in appendix A (Table 114; Table 115).

Table 12. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a monthly means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from mid euphotic depths and index stations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Month Mean SD n Min Max Jan 0.251 0.318 10 0.005 0.641 May 1.882 1.972 10 0.005 5.383 Jun 0.996 1.034 10 0.005 3.204 Jul 0.766 0.765 10 0.005 2.115 Aug 0.685 0.460 10 0.005 1.388 Sep 0.566 0.554 10 0.005 1.410 Oct 0.703 0.568 10 0.005 1.463 Overall 0.835 1.037 70 0.005 5.383

41 Table 13. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a annual location means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from mid euphotic depths on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Mean SD n Min Max Gifford 0.835 0.622 14 0.005 2.115 Porcupine Bay 1.492 1.855 14 0.005 5.383 Seven Bays 0.823 0.653 14 0.005 1.874 Keller 0.547 0.729 14 0.005 2.099 Spring Canyon 0.480 0.480 14 0.005 1.388 Overall 0.835 1.037 70 0.005 5.383

Trophic Status

Mean annual trophic status indices (TSI) ranged from 20 to 36 from measures taken at index locations (Table 14). The TSI means place Lake Roosevelt in the oligotrophic to meso-oligotrophic range when considered as a whole reservoir (Carlson and Simpson 1996). Mean annual total phosphorus TSI was the highest of all mean annual TSI. Phytoplankton chlorophyll a TSI was the most variable with a coefficient of variation of 0.76. Mean TSI were generally highest from January to July (Table 15). Mean TSI were all highest at Porcupine Bay which distinguishes this location from the greater reservoir as more productive (meso-oligotrophic to oligo-mesotrophic; Table 16).

Table 14. Trophic state index (TSI) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from different measures at Gifford, Porcupine Bay, Seven Bays, Kerry Ferry and Spring Canyon on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

TSI Measure Mean SD n Min Max Phytoplankton Chlorophyll a 20.4 15.5 70 0.0 47.1 Secchi Disk 32.2 5.4 35 23.3 45.4 Total Nitrogen 32.2 9.0 30 16.1 53.5 Total Phosphorus 36.4 8.5 30 17.4 59.7

42 Table 15. Trophic state index (TSI) monthly means from different measures at Gifford, Porcupine Bay, Seven Bays, Keller Ferry and Spring Canyon on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Phytoplankton Secchi Total Total Month Chlorophyll a Disk Nitrogen Phosphorus Jan 10.4 31.4 37.9 40.8 May 29.0 39.1 37.3 38.1 Jun 22.6 34.4 28.8 41.7 Jul 19.3 35.5 30.4 37.6 Aug 22.8 29.4 Sep 17.7 28.2 30.6 23.7 Oct 21.0 27.1 28.2 36.7

Table 16. Trophic state index (TSI) annual means from different measures across various sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Phytoplankton Secchi Total Total Location Name Chlorophyll a Disk Nitrogen Phosphorus Gifford 23.8 33.7 27.8 38.4 Porcupine 25.9 35.3 46.3 43.5 Seven Bays 22.3 34.3 31.5 35.5 Keller Ferry 13.8 28.9 27.8 32.0 Spring Canyon 16.2 28.6 27.5 32.8

Periphyton

Mean periphyton chlorophyll a and pheophytin concentrations across all locations, depths and incubation periods were respectively 8.7 mg/m2 (SD = 8.0; n = 48) and 13.0 mg/m2 (SD = 13.5; n = 48; Table 17; Table 18). Mean pheophytin concentration was nearly twice that of chlorophyll, which may indicate a large portion of algal chlorophyll has degraded. Periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations were fairly variable with a coefficient of variation of 0.92.

Differences between mean chlorophyll a concentrations from different incubation depths were insignificant (Table 17; Fisher; P = 0.4473). Mean chlorophyll a at Spring Canyon (14.3 mg/m2) was significantly greater than concentrations at Gifford (6.0 mg/m2), Porcupine Bay (6.8 mg/m2) and Seven Bays (7.4 mg/m2; Table 17; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0294). Mean chlorophyll a from the longest (13 wk) incubation period (15.3 mg/m2) was significantly greater than both the 4 wk (5.9 mg/m2) and 9 wk (4.8 mg/m2) period (Table

43 17; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0002). Mean annual accrual rates of periphyton chlorophyll a was 0.152 mg m-2 d-1 across all locations, depths and incubation periods (Table 19).

Table 17. Periphyton chlorophyll a (mg/m2) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges by sampling location, incubation depth, and incubation period on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Incubation Depth Mean SD n Min Max 1.5 m 9.5 8.1 24 0.2 34.8 4.6 m 7.8 8.0 24 0.1 24.4 Overall 8.7 8.0 48 0.1 34.8 Location Mean SD n Min Max Gifford 6.0 5.9 12 0.1 18.6 Porcupine Bay 6.8 9.2 12 0.2 24.4 Seven Bays 7.4 6.1 12 0.9 21.8 Spring Canyon 14.3 8.5 12 5.8 34.8 Overall 8.7 8.0 48 0.1 34.8 Incubation Period Mean SD n Min Max 4 wk 5.9 6.5 16 0.1 18.1 9 wk 4.8 3.7 16 0.8 14.7 13 wk 15.3 8.6 16 2.1 34.8 Overall 8.7 8.0 48 0.1 34.8

Table 18. Periphyton pheophytin (mg/m2) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges by sampling location, incubation depth, and incubation period on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Incubation Depth Mean SD n Min Max 1.5 m 16.7 17.1 24 0.2 66.6 4.6 m 9.3 7.3 24 1.4 28.9 Overall 13.0 13.5 48 0.2 66.6 Location Mean SD n Min Max Gifford 9.7 7.7 12 0.9 27.1 Porcupine Bay 7.0 11.5 12 0.2 41.2 Seven Bays 13.8 12.0 12 1.4 38.0 Spring Canyon 21.5 17.8 12 6.9 66.6 Overall 13.0 13.5 48 0.2 66.6 Incubation Period Mean SD n Min Max 4 wk 11.7 13.9 16 0.2 38.0 9 wk 8.7 5.7 16 2.0 23.0 13 wk 18.7 17.1 16 4.7 66.6 Overall 13.0 13.5 48 0.2 66.6

44 Table 19. Periphyton chlorophyll a accrual rate (mg m-2 d-1) annual means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges by sampling location, incubation depth, and incubation period on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Incubation Depth Mean SD n Min Max 1.5 m 0.170 0.140 24 0.007 0.485 4.6 m 0.134 0.174 24 0.003 0.648 Overall 0.152 0.157 48 0.003 0.648 Location Mean SD n Min Max Gifford 0.098 0.101 12 0.003 0.355 Porcupine Bay 0.085 0.095 12 0.007 0.268 Seven Bays 0.150 0.161 12 0.023 0.485 Spring Canyon 0.276 0.189 12 0.092 0.648 Overall 0.152 0.157 48 0.003 0.648 Incubation Period Mean SD n Min Max 4 wk 0.212 0.234 16 0.003 0.648 9 wk 0.076 0.059 16 0.012 0.233 13 wk 0.169 0.094 16 0.023 0.382 Overall 0.152 0.157 48 0.003 0.648 Zooplankton

Fourteen zooplankton taxa were observed in Lake Roosevelt sampling during 2004 (Table 20). Zooplankton were grouped into three major categories for analyses: Daphnia, other Cladocera, and Copepoda. Species groupings are listed in Table 5.

Table 20. Zooplankton species found in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Sub-class Sub-class Order Sub-order Family Family Species Species Crustacea Copepoda Branchiopoda Calanoida Bosminidae Diaptomidae Bosmina longirostris Leptodiaptomus ashlandi

Chydoridae Temoridae Alona quadrangularis Epischura nevadensis Chydorus sphaericus Cyclopoida Daphniidae Cyclopoidae Daphnia galeata mendotae Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi Daphnia pulex Mesocyclops edax Daphnia retrocurva Daphnia thorata

Leptodoriidae Leptodora kindtii

Sididae Diaphanosoma brachyurum Sida crystallina

45

Pelagic Zooplankton Density

Mean annual zooplankton density was 539 organisms/m3 in 2003 (SD = 1,644; n = 840; Table 21). Copepoda accounted for 83% of overall zooplankton density with nauplii, Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi, and Leptodiaptomus ashlandi contributing 53, 19, and 10% respectively (Table 22; Appendix A; Table 116). Daphnia pulex contributed the most (14%) to zooplankton density from non Copepoda organisms. Out of the other Cladocera grouping, Bosmina longirostris contributed the most (1%) to total density. Mean monthly zooplankton density was greatest in May at 733 organisms/m3 (SD = 4,617; n = 210) and least in January at 151 organisms/m3 (SD = 432; n = 210; Table 21).

Table 21. Mean monthly densities (organisms/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton for all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Other Overall Month Copepoda Daphnia Cladocera Zooplankton Jan 398 34 3 151 May 1,936 104 44 733 Jul 1,431 472 17 620 Oct 1,252 945 8 653 Overall 1,254 389 18 539

Table 22. Total biomass, percent biomass, total density, and percent density contributed by taxonomic group in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2003).

Total Biomass % Total Density %

(µg/m3) Biomass (organisms/m3) Density Copepoda 777,347 46 376,306 83 Daphnia 873,527 52 69,982 15 Other Cladocera 24,862 1 6,538 1 Total Zooplankton 1,675,736 452,826

Mean annual zooplankton density (organisms/m3) at Gifford 219 (SD = 692; n = 168) was significantly lower than density at Seven Bays 620 (SD = 1,752; n = 168), Keller Ferry 591 (SD = 1,558; n = 168), Porcupine Bay 613 (SD = 1,853; n = 168), and Spring Canyon 653 (SD = 2,009; n = 168; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0378). Mean zooplankton densities tended to be greater at the lower reservoir locations and at Porcupine Bay.

46 Table 23. Mean annual densities (organisms/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton for various locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Other Overall Location Copepoda Daphnia Cladocera Zooplankton Gifford 462 219 17 219 Seven Bays 1,584 186 34 620 Keller Ferry 1,548 163 9 591 Spring Canyon 1,629 312 10 653 Porcupine Bay 1,050 1,064 22 613 Overall 1,254 389 18 539

Pelagic Zooplankton Biomass

Mean annual zooplankton biomass across all index stations was 1,995 µg/m3 (SD = 7,515; n = 840; Table 24; Appendix A; Table 117). Daphnia contributed the most (52%) to total zooplankton biomass (Table 22). Daphnia pulex contributed the most (50%) to total zooplankton biomass from a single species, followed by contributions of 20 and 17% by Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi and Leptodiaptomus ashlandi, respectively (Appendix A; Table 117). These three species alone accounted for nearly 90% of all zooplankton biomass.

Mean monthly zooplankton biomass (µg/m3) was highest in July at 10,103 (SD = 19,563; n = 100) and lowest in May at 3,033 (SD = 5,592; n = 102; Table 24). Mean monthly Daphnia biomass (µg/m3) was greatest in July at 3,033 (SD = 9,967; n = 210) and lowest in January at 389 (SD = 1,398; n = 210). Mean annual Daphnia biomass was 4,853 µg/m3 (SD = 14,147; n = 180).

Similar to mean annual zooplankton density, mean annual biomass (µg/m3) at Gifford 504 (SD = 1,757; n = 168) was significantly less than biomass at Porcupine Bay 3,063 (SD = 11,825; n = 168), Keller Ferry 2,332 (SD = 6,243; n = 168), and Spring Canyon 2,575 (SD = 8,775; n = 168; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0253). Zooplankton biomass was typically greater at lower reservoir locations and at Porcupine Bay.

47 Table 24. Mean monthly biomass (µg/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton across all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Other Overall Month Copepoda Daphnia Cladocera Zooplankton Jan 510 953 7 389 May 3,838 1,236 77 1,669 Jul 2,182 10,168 175 3,033 Oct 3,835 7,055 17 2,889 Overall 2,591 4,853 69 1,995

Table 25. Mean annual biomass (µg/m3) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and overall pelagic zooplankton for various locations in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Other Overall Location Copepoda Daphnia Cladocera Zooplankton Gifford 594 1,307 28 504 Seven Bays 2,848 1,940 154 1,499 Keller Ferry 4,158 3,786 85 2,333 Spring Canyon 3,134 6,738 27 2,575 Porcupine Bay 2,221 10,493 52 3,064 Overall 2,591 4,853 69 1,995

Pelagic Zooplankton Lengths

Zooplankton lengths ranged from 0.08 to 9.6 mm during 2004 (Table 26). Overall mean annual zooplankton length was 0.7 mm (SD = 0.6; n = 4,458). Daphnia (1.4 mm) had the greatest overall mean length compared to other Cladocera (0.6 mm) and Copepoda (0.6 mm). Zooplankton < 0.5 mm comprised 42% (n = 1,863), 0.5 – 1.0 mm comprised 32% (n = 1,446), > 1.0 – 2.0 mm comprised 22% (n = 980), and > 2.0 mm comprised 4% (n = 169) of all zooplankton observed (n = 4,458).

Mean zooplankton lengths were greatest in October at 0.81 mm (SD = 0.56; n = 1,200) and least in May at 0.64 mm (SD = 0.47; n = 1,025; Table 27). Mean annual zooplankton length (mm) was significantly less at Gifford (0.60) when compared to Porcupine Bay (0.75), Spring Canyon (0.80), and Keller Ferry (0.81; Table 28; Fisher; P < 0.0001). Mean annual zooplankton lengths at Keller Ferry were significantly greater than lengths

48 at Porcupine Bay and Seven Bays (0.65; Table 28; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0363). Additionally, mean annual zooplankton lengths at Seven Bays were significantly less than lengths at Porcupine Bay and Spring Canyon (Table 28; Fisher; P ≤ 0.0004). In general zooplankton lengths increased with distance downstream in the reservoir and were higher in the Spokane Arm as well.

Table 26. Zooplankton annual mean lengths (mm), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges across all sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Length (mm) Mean SD n Min Max Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi 0.71 0.25 957 0.34 1.42 Epischura nevadensis 1.55 0.70 127 0.44 2.50 Leptodiaptomus ashlandi 0.82 0.32 1,113 0.32 1.68 Mesocyclops edax 0.95 0.30 27 0.52 1.62 Nauplii 0.18 0.05 1,219 0.08 0.34 Copepoda 0.59 0.43 3,443 0.08 2.50 Daphnia galeata mendotae 1.01 0.29 135 0.58 1.96 Daphnia pulex 1.45 0.61 668 0.50 3.44 Daphnia retrocurva 1.17 0.23 10 0.84 1.46 Daphnia 1.38 0.59 813 0.50 3.44 Alona quadrangularis 0.84 . 1 0.84 0.84 Bosmina longirostris 0.38 0.10 174 0.20 0.62 Chydorus sphaericus 0.29 0.06 16 0.20 0.38 Diaphanosoma brachyurum 0.96 . 1 0.96 0.96 Leptodora kindtii 5.98 2.95 6 2.13 9.60 Sida crystallina 1.49 0.40 4 0.90 1.82 Other Cladocera 0.57 1.07 202 0.20 9.60 Overall Zooplankton Biomass 0.73 0.59 4,458 0.08 9.60

49

Table 27. Mean monthly length (mm) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and total pelagic zooplankton for all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Other Overall Month Copepoda Daphnia Cladocera Zooplankton Jan 0.55 1.63 0.39 0.67 May 0.60 1.21 0.39 0.64 Jul 0.52 1.45 1.03 0.80 Oct 0.68 1.25 0.52 0.81 Overall 0.59 1.38 0.57 0.73

Table 28. Annual mean length (mm) of Daphnia, other Cladocera, Copepoda, and pelagic zooplankton for all locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Other Overall Location Copepoda Daphnia Cladocera Zooplankton Gifford 0.45 1.07 0.41 0.60 Seven Bays 0.55 1.27 0.63 0.65 Keller Ferry 0.70 1.50 0.83 0.81 Spring Canyon 0.64 1.47 0.45 0.80 Porcupine Bay 0.53 1.54 0.61 0.75 Overall 0.59 1.38 0.57 0.73

50 Fisheries Studies

Fisheries Surveys

Relative abundance and species composition information was collected on Lake Roosevelt fish species via electrofishing, horizontal and vertical gill net surveys. A total of 2,725 fish were collected representing 21 species from 8 families (Table 29). The most abundant species captured were smallmouth bass (23.9%), walleye (21.0%) and yellow perch (12.7%; Table 30).

Boat Electrofishing was conducted on 238 occasions yielding 1,569 fish with an overall CPUE of 39.4 fish/h (Table 31). Smallmouth bass was the most abundant species in May (RA = 27.8) and October (RA = 16.4), and walleye was the most abundant in Jly (RA = 38.8; Table 31; Table 32; Table 33; Table 34; and Table 35). Across all seasons, boat electrofishing was greatest in October (48.9 fish/h) followed by July (37.3 fish/h) and May (29.6 fish/h). Across all locations, boat electrofishing was greatest at Hunters (81.4 fish/h; Table 33). The location with the highest CPUE in May and October was Hunters (52.0 and 48.2 fish/h, respectively). Kettle Falls had the highest CPUE in July (64.7 fish/h; Table 33; Table 34; Table 35).

Horizontal gill nets were set on 77 occasions yielding 1,116 fish (Table 36). Longnose sucker (26.5%) and lake whitefish (26.5%) were the most abundant species in May, lake whitefish was the most abundant in July (26.8%), and smallmouth bass was the most abundant in October (40.8%; Table 36; Table 38; Table 39; Table 40). Across all seasons, horizontal gill net CPUE was highest in October (24.0) followed by May (10.8) and July (8.15; Table 36). Across all locations, horizontal gill net CPUE was greatest at Sanpoil River (22.1 fish/net-night; Table 37). The location with the highest CPUE in May was Gifford (32.5), in July it was Evans (14.3), and in October it was Keller Ferry (44.3; Table 38; Table 39; Table 40). The most abundant species captured during horizontal gill net surveys was smallmouth bass (n = 273) at 3.55 fish/net-night (Table 36; Table 37).

51 Vertical gill nets were set on 23 occasions yielding 40 fish (Table 42). In May, relative abundance was highest for smallmouth bass (50.0%) whereas in July longnose sucker and walleye each comprised 30.8% of the catch (Table 42; Table 43; Table 44). In October, smallmouth bass was the most abundant species (52.2%; Table 42; Table 45). Across all seasons, vertical gill net CPUE was highest in October (2.6) followed by July (1.4) and May (0.8; Table 42) Overall, vertical gill net CPUE was highest at both Seven Bays and Sanpoil River, with CPUE’s of 3.0 fish/net-night (Table 41). Smallmouth bass exhibited the highest CPUE in May (0.4), longnose sucker and walleye in July (both at 0.4), and smallmouth bass in October (1.3; Table 42). The fish species with the highest CPUE overall was smallmouth bass (0.7; Table 41; Table 42). Tags were recovered from 15 tagged rainbow trout.

Table 29. Synoptic list of all fish species captured via electrofishing and horizontal and vertical gill netting in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Family Species Common Name Acipenseridae Acipenser transmontanus White sturgeon Cyprinidae Cyprinus carpio Mylocheilus caurinus Peamouth Ptychocheilus oregonensis Northern pikeminnow Tinca tinca Tench Catostomidae Catostomus catostomus Longnose sucker Catostomus columbianus Bridgelip sucker Catostomus macrocheilus Largescale sucker Salmonidae Coregonus clupeaformis Lake whitefish Oncorhynchus mykiss Rainbow trout Oncorhynchus nerka Kokanee salmon Prosopium williamsoni Mountain whitefish Salmo trutta Brown trout Salvelinus fontinalis Eastern brook trout Gadidae Lota lota Burbot Cottidae Cottus spp. Sculpin Centrarchidae Micropterus dolmieui Smallmouth bass Micropterus salmoides Pomoxis nigromaculatus Black crappie Percidae Perca flavescens Yellow perch Sander vitreus Walleye

52 Table 30. Number (n), relative abundance (RA) and location of fish species captured via electrofishing, horizontal, and vertical gill netting in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Species n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA n RA White sturgeon 1 0.6 1 0.3 ------1 0.4 ------3 0.1 Common carp - -- 1 0.3 1 0.3 6 1.5 - -- 7 2.8 3 1.2 3 0.5 1 0.6 2 1.1 24 0.9 Peamouth - -- 4 1.4 8 1.9 ------1 0.2 ------13 0.5 Northern pikeminnow 3 1.8 14 3.8 2 0.7 1 0.2 1 1.7 ------25 4.5 ------46 1.7 Tench - -- 2 0.6 ------1 0.2 ------3 0.1 Longnose sucker 98 57.3 20 5.5 28 9.6 33 8.0 - -- 1 0.4 5 1.9 3 0.5 2 1.2 - -- 190 7.0 Bridgelip sucker - -- 1 0.3 ------1 <0.1 Largescale sucker 6 3.5 27 7.4 26 8.9 20 4.8 12 20.0 11 4.3 10 3.8 22 3.9 2 1.2 3 1.6 139 5.1 Lake whitefish 7 4.1 53 14.5 15 5.2 24 5.8 34 13.3 40 15.3 16 2.9 2 1.2 1 0.5 192 7.1 Rainbow trout (h) 4 2.3 17 4.6 6 2.1 47 11.3 1 1.7 1 0.4 36 13.7 15 2.7 20 12.3 15 8.2 162 5.9 Rainbow trout (w) 4 2.3 10 2.7 3 1.0 11 2.7 4 6.7 1 0.4 7 2.7 24 4.3 4 2.5 9 4.9 77 2.8 Kokanee salmon (h) 1 0.6 42 11.5 - -- 11 2.7 2 3.3 2 0.8 11 4.2 2 0.4 - -- 1 0.5 72 2.6 Kokanee salmon (w) - -- 1 0.3 ------4 6.7 1 0.4 1 0.4 1 0.2 - -- 3 1.6 11 0.4 Mountain whitefish 1 0.6 - -- 3 1.0 - -- 1 1.7 ------1 0.2 ------6 0.2 Brown trout 1 0.6 4 1.1 - -- 1 0.2 3 5.0 ------9 0.3 Eastern brook trout ------1 0.3 1 0.2 ------2 0.8 ------4 0.2 Burbot 2 1.2 10 2.7 48 16.5 27 6.5 - -- 8 3.1 14 5.3 16 2.9 21 12.9 6 3.3 152 5.6 Sculpin 1 0.6 2 0.6 3 1.0 2 0.5 2 3.3 1 0.4 1 0.4 4 0.7 ------16 0.6 Smallmouth bass 4 2.3 9 2.5 8 2.8 14 3.4 14 23.3 126 49.4 81 30.9 201 36.0 82 50.3 111 60.3 650 23.9 Largemouth bass ------1 0.2 ------1 <0.1 Black crappie ------2 0.8 - -- 31 5.6 2 1.2 - -- 35 1.3 Yellow perch 1 0.6 18 4.9 70 24.1 104 25.1 1 1.7 18 7.1 12 4.6 120 21.5 3 1.8 - -- 347 12.7 Walleye 37 21.6 134 36.6 73 25.1 105 25.3 15 25.0 42 16.5 38 14.5 71 12.7 24 14.7 33 17.9 572 21.0 Grand Total 171 100.0 366 100.0 291 100.0 415 100.0 60 100.0 255 100.0 262 100.0 558 100.0 163 100.0 184 100.0 2,725 100.0

53 Table 31. Number (n), percent relative abundance (RA), and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) of fish species collected by sampling month via boat electrofishing at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location May July October Grand Total Effort (h) 11.33 13.83 14.67 39.83 Species n RA CPUE n RA CPUE n RA CPUE n RA CPUE Common carp 9 2.7 0.79 10 1.9 0.72 2 0.3 0.14 21 1.3 0.53 Peamouth 5 1.5 0.44 1 0.2 0.07 4 0.6 0.27 10 0.6 0.25 Northern pikeminnow 3 0.9 0.26 23 4.5 1.66 5 0.7 0.34 31 2.0 0.78 Tench 2 0.6 0.18 ------2 0.1 0.05 Longnose sucker 8 2.4 0.71 11 2.1 0.8 11 1.5 0.75 30 1.9 0.75 Bridgelip sucker ------1 0.1 0.07 1 0.1 0.03 Largescale sucker 34 10.2 3 29 5.6 2.1 51 7.1 3.48 114 7.3 2.86 Lake whitefish 3 0.9 0.26 4 0.8 0.29 8 1.1 0.55 15 1.0 0.38 Rainbow trout 64 19.1 5.65 46 8.9 3.33 107 14.9 7.29 217 13.8 5.45 Kokanee salmon 21 6.3 1.85 4 0.8 0.29 29 4.0 1.98 54 3.4 1.36 Mountain whitefish 1 0.3 0.09 - -- -- 5 0.7 0.34 6 0.4 0.15 Brown trout - -- -- 2 0.4 0.14 7 1.0 0.48 9 0.6 0.23 Eastern brook trout 1 0.3 0.09 1 0.2 0.07 2 0.3 0.14 4 0.3 0.1 Burbot - -- -- 4 0.8 0.29 11 1.5 0.75 15 1.0 0.38 Sculpin 3 0.9 0.27 4 0.8 0.29 9 1.3 0.61 16 1.0 0.4 Smallmouth bass 93 27.8 8.21 151 29.3 10.92 118 16.4 8.04 362 23.1 9.09 Largemouth bass 1 0.3 0.09 ------1 0.1 0.03 Black crappie ------34 4.7 2.32 34 2.2 0.85 Yellow perch 5 1.5 0.44 26 5.0 1.88 244 34.0 16.63 275 17.5 6.9 Walleye 82 24.5 7.24 200 38.8 14.46 70 9.8 4.77 352 22.4 8.84 Grand Total 335 100.0 29.57 516 100.0 37.31 718 100.0 48.94 1,569 100.0 39.39

54 Table 32. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (h) 5.00 4.33 3.33 3.33 3.83 4.33 3.17 4.67 3.00 4.83 39.83 Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Common carp - -- 1 0.23 1 0.3 5 1.5 - -- 7 1.62 3 0.95 2 0.43 - -- 2 0.41 21 0.53 Peamouth ------1 0.3 8 2.4 ------1 0.21 ------10 0.25 Northern pikeminnow - -- 6 1.39 1 0.3 - -- 1 0.26 ------23 4.93 ------31 0.78 Tench - -- 1 0.23 ------1 0.21 ------2 0.05 Longnose sucker 4 0.8 9 2.08 6 1.8 11 3.3 ------30 0.75 Bridgelip sucker - -- 1 0.23 ------1 0.03 Largescale sucker 5 1 20 4.62 23 6.91 20 6.01 12 3.13 10 2.31 10 3.15 10 2.14 1 0.33 3 0.62 114 2.86 Lake whitefish 3 0.6 8 1.85 - -- 3 0.9 ------1 0.32 ------15 0.38 Rainbow trout 8 1.6 25 5.77 9 2.7 57 17.12 5 1.31 1 0.23 40 12.62 29 6.21 22 7.33 21 4.35 217 5.45 Kokanee salmon 1 0.2 17 3.93 - -- 10 3 6 1.57 3 0.69 11 3.47 3 0.64 - -- 3 0.62 54 1.36 Mountain whitefish 1 0.2 - -- 3 0.9 - -- 1 0.26 ------1 0.21 ------6 0.15 Brown trout 1 0.2 4 0.92 - -- 1 0.3 3 0.78 ------9 0.23 Eastern brook trout ------1 0.3 1 0.3 ------2 0.63 ------4 0.10 Burbot ------1 0.3 7 2.1 - -- 1 0.23 5 1.58 1 0.21 ------15 0.38 Sculpin 1 0.2 2 0.46 3 0.9 2 0.6 2 0.52 1 0.23 1 0.32 4 0.86 ------16 0.40 Smallmouth bass 4 0.8 8 1.85 7 2.1 8 2.4 14 3.66 66 15.24 63 19.87 104 22.27 27 9 61 12.63 362 9.09 Largemouth bass ------1 0.21 ------1 0.03 Black crappie ------1 0.23 - -- 31 6.64 2 0.67 - -- 34 0.85 Yellow perch - -- 7 1.62 55 16.52 88 26.43 1 0.26 18 4.16 10 3.15 93 19.91 3 1 - -- 275 6.90 Walleye 9 1.8 111 25.64 42 12.61 50 15.02 15 3.92 30 6.93 16 5.05 46 9.85 13 4.33 20 4.14 352 8.84 Grand Total 37 7.4 220 50.81 153 45.95 271 81.38 60 15.67 138 31.87 162 51.1 350 74.95 68 22.67 110 22.77 1,569 39.39

55

Table 33. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing in May at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (h) 1.67 1.33 1.00 1.00 0 1.33 1.00 1.33 1.00 1.67 11.33

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Common carp ------3 3.00 1 0.75 3 3.00 2 1.50 ------9 0.79 Peamouth ------1 1.00 4 4.00 ------5 0.44 Northern pikeminnow - -- 3 2.26 ------3 0.26 Tench - -- 1 0.75 ------1 0.75 ------2 0.18 Longnose sucker ------4 4.00 4 4.00 ------8 0.71 Largescale sucker 1 0.6 3 2.26 23 23.00 - -- 2 1.5 - -- 3 2.26 1 1.00 1 0.60 34 3.00 Lake whitefish ------3 3.00 ------3 0.26 Rainbow trout 2 1.2 4 3.01 5 5.00 15 15.00 - -- 12 12.00 11 8.27 6 6.00 9 5.39 64 5.65 Kokanee salmon 1 0.6 16 12.03 ------1 0.75 1 1.00 ------2 1.20 21 1.85 Mountain whitefish 1 0.6 ------1 0.09 Eastern brook trout ------1 1.00 ------1 0.09 Sculpin - -- 1 0.75 1 1.00 - -- 1 0.75 ------3 0.26 Smallmouth bass ------2 2.00 3 3.00 44 33.08 22 22.00 4 3.01 5 5.00 13 7.78 93 8.21 Largemouth bass ------1 0.75 ------1 0.09 Yellow perch - -- 1 0.75 1 1.00 1 1.00 1 0.75 - -- 1 0.75 ------5 0.44 Walleye 6 3.59 11 8.27 13 13.00 19 19.00 8 6.02 6 6.00 11 8.27 4 4.00 4 2.40 82 7.24 Grand Total 11 6.59 40 30.08 51 51.00 52 52.00 0 58 43.61 43 43.00 35 26.32 16 16.00 29 17.37 335 29.56

56 Table 34. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing in July at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (h) 1.67 1.67 1.00 1.00 1.83 1.33 1.17 1.67 1.00 1.50 13.83

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Common carp - -- 1 0.60 - -- 2 2.00 - -- 5 3.76 ------2 1.33 10 0.72 Peamouth ------1 0.60 ------1 0.07 Northern pikeminnow - -- 3 1.80 1 1.00 - -- 1 0.55 ------18 10.78 ------23 1.66 Longnose sucker 4 2.40 4 2.40 - -- 3 3.00 ------11 0.80 Largescale sucker 3 1.80 ------5 5.00 11 6.01 1 0.75 5 4.27 3 1.80 - -- 1 0.67 29 2.10 Lake whitefish 3 1.80 1 0.60 ------4 0.29 Rainbow trout 5 2.99 5 2.99 - -- 7 7.00 1 0.55 - -- 13 11.11 5 2.99 8 8.00 2 1.33 46 3.33 Kokanee salmon ------2 2.00 2 1.09 ------4 0.29 Brown trout - -- 1 0.60 ------1 0.55 ------2 0.14 Eastern brook trout ------1 1.00 ------1 0.07 Burbot ------2 2.00 ------1 0.85 1 0.60 ------4 0.29 Sculpin 1 0.60 1 0.60 - -- 1 1.00 ------1 0.60 ------4 0.29 Smallmouth bass 3 1.80 6 3.59 3 3.00 4 4.00 12 6.56 11 8.27 18 15.38 40 23.95 10 10.00 44 29.33 151 10.92 Yellow perch ------4 4.00 1 0.55 15 11.28 - -- 6 3.59 ------26 1.88 Walleye 3 1.80 86 51.50 27 27.00 18 18.00 4 2.19 11 8.27 6 5.13 27 16.17 6 6.00 12 8.00 200 14.46 Grand Total 22 13.17 108 64.67 31 31.00 49 49.00 33 18.03 43 32.33 43 36.75 102 61.08 24 24.00 61 40.67 516 37.31

57 Table 35. Fish species, effort (h), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/h) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via boat electrofishing in October at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (h) 1.67 1.33 1.33 1.33 2.00 1.67 1.00 1.67 1.00 1.67 14.67

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Common carp ------1 0.75 ------1 0.60 ------2 0.14 Peamouth ------4 3.01 ------4 0.27 Northern pikeminnow ------5 2.99 ------5 0.34 Longnose sucker - -- 5 3.76 2 1.50 4 3.01 ------11 0.75 Bridgelip sucker - -- 1 0.75 ------1 0.07 Largescale sucker 1 0.60 17 12.78 - -- 15 11.28 1 0.50 7 4.19 5 5.00 4 2.40 - -- 1 0.60 51 3.48 Lake whitefish - -- 7 5.26 ------1 1.00 ------8 0.55 Rainbow trout 1 0.60 16 12.03 4 3.01 35 26.32 4 2.00 1 0.60 15 15.00 13 7.78 8 8.00 10 5.99 107 7.29 Kokanee salmon - -- 1 0.75 - -- 8 6.02 4 2.00 2 1.20 11 11.00 2 1.20 - -- 1 0.60 29 1.98 Mountain whitefish ------3 2.26 - -- 1 0.50 ------1 0.60 ------5 0.34 Brown trout 1 0.60 3 2.26 - -- 1 0.75 2 1.00 ------7 0.48 Eastern brook trout ------2 2.00 ------2 0.14 Burbot ------1 0.75 5 3.76 - -- 1 0.60 4 4.00 ------11 0.75 Sculpin ------2 1.50 1 0.75 2 1.00 - -- 1 1.00 3 1.80 ------9 0.61 Smallmouth bass 1 0.60 2 1.50 2 1.50 1 0.75 2 1.00 11 6.59 23 23.00 60 35.93 12 12.00 4 2.40 118 8.04 Black crappie ------1 0.60 - -- 31 18.56 2 2.00 - -- 34 2.32 Yellow perch - -- 6 4.51 54 40.60 83 62.41 - -- 2 1.20 10 10.00 86 51.50 3 3.00 - -- 244 16.63 Walleye - -- 14 10.53 2 1.50 13 9.77 11 5.50 11 6.59 4 4.00 8 4.79 3 3.00 4 2.40 70 4.77 Grand Total 4 2.40 72 54.14 71 53.38 170 127.82 27 13.50 37 22.16 76 76.00 213 127.54 28 28.00 20 11.98 718 48.94

58 Table 36. Number (n), relative abundance (RA), effort (net-nights), and catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net-night) by location and fish species collected by sampling month via horizontal gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Month May July October Total Effort (nights) 23 27 27 77 Species n RA CPUE n RA CPUE n RA CPUE n RA CPUE White sturgeon 1 0.4 0.04 1 0.5 0.04 1 0.2 0.04 3 0.3 0.04 Common carp 1 0.4 0.04 - -- -- 2 0.3 0.07 3 0.3 0.04 Peamouth ------3 0.5 0.11 3 0.3 0.04 Northern pikeminnow 3 1.2 0.13 - -- -- 10 1.6 0.37 13 1.2 0.17 Tench ------1 0.2 0.04 1 0.1 0.01 Longnose sucker 66 26.5 2.87 48 21.8 1.78 42 6.5 1.56 156 14 2.03 Largescale sucker 7 2.8 0.3 2 0.9 0.07 16 2.5 0.59 25 2.2 0.33 Lake whitefish 66 26.5 2.87 59 26.8 2.19 51 7.9 1.89 176 15.8 2.29 Rainbow trout - -- -- 16 7.3 0.59 3 0.5 0.11 19 1.7 0.25 Kokanee salmon 26 10.4 1.13 1 0.5 0.04 1 0.2 0.04 28 2.5 0.36 Burbot 24 9.6 1.04 32 14.6 1.19 81 12.5 3 137 12.3 1.78 Smallmouth bass 7 2.8 0.3 2 0.9 0.07 264 40.8 9.78 273 24.5 3.55 Black crappie ------1 0.2 0.04 1 0.1 0.01 Yellow perch 15 6 0.65 10 4.6 0.37 41 6.3 1.52 66 5.9 0.86 Walleye 33 13.3 1.44 49 22.3 1.82 130 20.1 4.82 212 19 2.75 Grand Total 249 100 10.83 220 100 8.15 647 100 23.96 1,116 100 14.49

59 Table 37. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 9 8 8 8 0 8 9 9 9 9 77

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE White sturgeon 1 0.11 1 0.13 ------1 0.11 ------3 0.04 Common carp ------1 0.13 ------1 0.11 1 0.11 - -- 3 0.04 Peamouth ------3 0.38 ------3 0.04 Northern pikeminnow 2 0.22 8 1.00 1 0.13 1 0.13 ------1 0.11 ------13 0.17 Tench - -- 1 0.13 ------1 0.01 Longnose sucker 92 10.22 10 1.25 21 2.63 22 2.75 1 0.13 5 0.56 3 0.33 2 0.22 - -- 156 2.03 Largescale sucker 1 0.11 7 0.88 3 0.38 - -- 1 0.13 12 1.33 1 0.11 - -- 25 0.32 Lake whitefish 3 0.33 45 5.63 15 1.88 21 2.63 34 4.25 39 4.33 16 1.78 2 0.22 1 0.11 176 2.29 Rainbow trout - -- 2 0.25 ------1 0.13 3 0.33 8 0.89 2 0.22 3 0.33 19 0.25 Kokanee salmon - -- 26 3.25 - -- 1 0.13 ------1 0.11 28 0.36 Burbot 2 0.22 10 1.25 47 5.88 20 2.50 7 0.88 9 1.00 15 1.67 21 2.33 6 0.67 137 1.78 Smallmouth bass ------1 0.13 6 0.75 59 7.38 11 1.22 96 10.67 50 5.56 50 5.56 273 3.55 Black crappie ------1 0.13 ------1 0.01 Yellow perch - -- 11 1.38 15 1.88 15 1.88 - -- 2 0.22 23 2.56 ------66 0.86 Walleye 28 3.11 23 2.88 31 3.88 51 6.38 12 1.50 21 2.33 24 2.67 11 1.22 11 1.22 212 2.75 Grand Total 129 14.32 144 18.03 137 17.17 138 17.28 0 116 14.53 91 10.10 199 22.12 90 9.99 72 8.00 1,116 14.50

60 Table 38. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets in May at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 3 2 2 2 0 2 3 3 3 3 23

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE White sturgeon ------1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Common carp ------1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Northern pikeminnow - -- 3 1.50 ------3 0.13 Longnose sucker 21 7.00 2 1.00 21 10.50 17 8.50 - -- 1 0.33 2 0.67 2 0.67 - -- 66 2.87 Largescale sucker - -- 6 3.00 ------1 0.33 - -- 7 0.30 Lake whitefish 1 0.33 16 8.00 7 3.50 8 4.00 6 3.00 15 5.00 12 4.00 1 0.33 - -- 66 2.87 Kokanee salmon - -- 26 13.00 ------26 1.13 Burbot 1 0.33 4 2.00 4 2.00 3 1.50 3 1.50 1 0.33 2 0.67 6 2.00 - -- 24 1.04 Smallmouth bass ------7 2.33 ------7 0.30 Yellow perch ------1 0.50 ------14 4.67 ------15 0.65 Walleye 3 1.00 8 4.00 6 3.00 2 1.00 - -- 4 1.33 7 2.33 2 0.67 1 0.33 33 1.43 Grand Total 26 8.67 65 32.50 38 19.00 31 15.50 0 9 4.50 22 7.33 45 15.00 12 4.00 1 0.33 249 10.83

61 Table 39. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-nights) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets in July at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 27

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE White sturgeon - -- 1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Longnose sucker 36 12.00 5 1.67 - -- 2 0.67 1 0.33 4 1.33 ------48 1.78 Largescale sucker - -- 1 0.33 1 0.33 ------2 0.07 Lake whitefish - -- 10 3.33 4 1.33 7 2.33 16 5.33 18 6.00 2 0.67 1 0.33 1 0.33 59 2.19 Rainbow trout - -- 2 0.67 ------1 0.33 3 1.00 7 2.33 1 0.33 2 0.67 16 0.59 Kokanee salmon ------1 0.33 1 0.04 Burbot 1 0.33 3 1.00 2 0.67 6 2.00 2 0.67 5 1.67 3 1.00 8 2.67 2 0.67 32 1.19 Smallmouth bass ------1 0.33 1 0.33 ------2 0.07 Yellow perch - -- 10 3.33 ------10 0.37 Walleye 6 2.00 4 1.33 14 4.67 11 3.67 1 0.33 2 0.67 8 2.67 2 0.67 1 0.33 49 1.81 Grand Total 43 14.33 36 12.00 21 7.00 26 8.67 0 21 7.00 33 11.00 21 7.00 12 4.00 7 2.33 220 8.15

62 Table 40. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-nights) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via horizontal gill nets in October at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Spring Location Evans Little Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Canyon Total Effort (nights) 3 3 3 3 0 3 3 3 3 3 27

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE White sturgeon 1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Common carp ------1 0.33 ------1 0.33 - -- 2 0.07 Peamouth ------3 1.00 ------3 0.11 Northern pikeminnow 2 0.67 5 1.67 1 0.33 1 0.33 ------1 0.33 ------10 0.37 Tench - -- 1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Longnose sucker 35 11.67 3 1.00 - -- 3 1.00 ------1 0.33 ------42 1.56 Largescale sucker 1 0.33 - -- 2 0.67 - -- 1 0.33 - -- 12 4.00 ------16 0.59 Lake whitefish 2 0.67 19 6.33 4 1.33 6 2.00 12 4.00 6 2.00 2 0.67 ------51 1.89 Rainbow trout ------1 0.33 1 0.33 1 0.33 3 0.11 Kokanee salmon ------1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Burbot - -- 3 1.00 41 13.67 11 3.67 2 0.67 3 1.00 10 3.33 7 2.33 4 1.33 81 3.00 Smallmouth bass ------1 0.33 6 2.00 59 19.67 10 3.33 88 29.33 50 16.67 50 16.67 264 9.78 Black crappie ------1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Yellow perch - -- 1 0.33 15 5.00 14 4.67 - -- 2 0.67 9 3.00 ------41 1.52 Walleye 19 6.33 11 3.67 11 3.67 38 12.67 11 3.67 15 5.00 9 3.00 7 2.33 9 3.00 130 4.81 Grand Total 60 20.00 43 14.33 78 26.00 81 27.00 0 86 28.67 36 12.00 133 44.33 66 22.00 64 21.33 647 23.96

63 Table 41. Number (n), relative abundance (RA), effort (net-nights), and catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net-night) by location and fish species collected by sampling month via vertical gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

May July October Grand Total Effort (nights) 5 9 9 23 Species n RA CPUE n RA CPUE n RA CPUE n RA CPUE Northern pikeminnow - -- -- 1 7.7 0.11 1 4.4 0.11 2 5.0 0.09 Longnose sucker - -- -- 4 30.8 0.44 - -- -- 4 10.0 0.17 Lake whitefish ------1 4.4 0.11 1 2.5 0.04 Rainbow trout - -- -- 2 15.4 0.22 1 4.4 0.11 3 7.5 0.13 Kokanee salmon 1 25.0 0.20 ------1 2.5 0.04 Smallmouth bass 2 50.0 0.40 1 7.7 0.11 12 52.2 1.33 15 37.5 0.65 Yellow perch 1 25.0 0.20 1 7.7 0.11 4 17.4 0.44 6 15.0 0.26 Walleye - -- -- 4 30.8 0.44 4 17.4 0.44 8 20.0 0.35 Grand Total 4 100.0 0.80 13 100.0 1.44 23 100.0 2.56 40 100.0 1.74

64 Table 42. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 3 2 2 2 0 2 3 3 3 3 23

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Northern pikeminnow 1 0.33 ------1 0.33 ------2 0.09 Longnose sucker 2 0.67 1 0.50 1 0.5 ------4 0.17 Lake whitefish 1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Rainbow trout ------1 0.50 ------2 0.67 ------3 0.13 Kokanee salmon ------1 0.33 ------1 0.04 Smallmouth bass - -- 1 0.50 ------1 0.50 7 2.33 1 0.33 5 1.67 - -- 15 0.65 Yellow perch 1 0.33 ------1 0.50 ------4 1.33 ------6 0.26 Walleye ------4 2.00 - -- 1 0.33 1 0.33 - -- 2 0.67 8 0.35 Grand Total 5 1.67 2 1.00 1 0.5 6 3.00 0 1 0.50 9 3.00 9 3.00 5 1.67 2 0.67 40 1.74

Table 43. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets in May at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 5

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Kokanee salmon - 1 1.00 - -- - - 1 0.20 Smallmouth bass - 2 2.00 - -- - - 2 0.40 Yellow perch - - -- 1 1.00 - - 1 0.20 Grand Total 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3.00 1 1.00 0 0 4 0.80

65 Table 44. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets in July at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 9

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Northern pikeminnow 1 1.00 ------1 0.11 Longnose sucker 2 2.00 1 1.00 1 1.00 ------4 0.44 Rainbow trout ------1 1.00 - - -- 1 1.00 - - -- 2 0.22 Smallmouth bass ------1 1.00 ------1 0.11 Yellow perch 1 1.00 ------1 0.11 Walleye ------2 2.00 - - -- 1 1.00 - 1 1.00 4 0.44 Grand Total 4 4.00 1 1.00 1 1.00 3 3.00 0 0 1 1.00 2 2.00 0 1 1.00 13 1.44

Table 45. Fish species, effort (net-nights), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/net-night) and sample size in parenthesis by location collected via vertical gill nets in October at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Evans Kettle Falls Gifford Hunters Little Falls Porcupine Bay Seven Bays Sanpoil River Keller Ferry Spring Canyon Total Effort (nights) 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 9

Species n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE n CPUE Northern pikeminnow ------1 1.00 ------1 0.11 Lake whitefish 1 1.00 ------1 0.11 Rainbow trout ------1 1.00 ------1 0.11 Smallmouth bass - -- 1 1.00 - - -- 1 1.00 4 4.00 1 1.00 5 5.00 - -- 12 1.33 Yellow perch ------1 1.00 ------3 3.00 ------4 0.44 Walleye ------2 2.00 - -- 1 1.00 ------1 1.00 4 0.44 Grand Total 1 1.00 1 1.00 0 3 3.00 0 1 1.00 5 5.00 6 6.00 5 5.00 1 1.00 23 2.56

66 Age and Growth

Electrofishing and gill net surveys yielded 21 species that were weighed (g) and measured (mm) for total length. Mean total length for hatchery rainbow trout (346 ± 85 SD) was slightly greater than wild origin rainbow trout (343 ± 138), whereas mean weight was greater for wild fish (614 ± 510) than hatchery origin rainbow trout (561 ± 386). Wild origin kokanee salmon had greater mean total length (432 ± 131) and mean weight (1,120 ± 595) than hatchery origin fish (213 ± 115 mm and 450 ± 266 g). Mean total length and mean weight for all species were listed in Table 46.

Table 46. Species, number measured for total length (nTL), mean total length ± SD, number weighed (nWt), and mean weight ± SD of fish captured during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Species nTL Mean TL (mm) nWt Mean Wt (g) White Sturgeon 3 1,102 ± 1,053 1 186 Northern pikeminnow 46 263 ± 178 46 461 ± 627 Peamouth 13 178 ± 104 13 115 ± 211 Tench 3 171 ± 65 3 80 ± 71 Carp 24 505 ± 190 20 2,615 ± 2,327 Longnose sucker 190 357 ± 92 190 632 ± 357 Bridgelip sucker 1 205 1 85 Largescale sucker 139 500 ± 109 138 1,513 ± 639 Lake whitefish 192 423 ± 106 191 1,103 ± 700 Rainbow trout (hatchery) 162 346 ± 85 162 561 ± 386 Rainbow trout (wild) 77 343 ± 138 76 614 ± 510 Rainbow trout (total) 239 345 ± 105 238 578 ± 429 Kokanee salmon (hatchery) 72 213 ± 115 32 450 ± 266 Kokanee salmon (wild) 11 432 ± 131 11 1,120 ± 595 Kokanee salmon (total) 83 242 ± 138 43 621 ± 473 Mountain whitefish 6 396 ± 22 6 702 ± 191 Brown trout 9 471 ± 119 9 1,339 ± 1,177 Eastern brook trout 4 304 ± 61 4 342 ± 218 Burbot 152 482 ± 52 152 644 ± 200 Sculpin spp. 16 80 ± 20 16 7 ± 5 Smallmouth bass 650 227 ± 76 649 215 ± 170 Largemouth bass 1 480 1 2,920 Black crappie 35 86 ± 9 35 8 ± 3 Yellow perch 347 128 ± 76 314 67 ± 117 Walleye 572 324 ± 102 572 372 ± 477

67 Mean condition factor (KTL) was also calculated for the 21 species collected during May, July, and October fisheries surveys. Overall, hatchery origin rainbow trout (1.14 ± 0.16

SD) had greater mean KTL than wild rainbow trout (1.04 ± 0.13). Mean KTL was greatest in October for hatchery (1.16 ± 0.11) and wild (1.06 ± 0.13) origin rainbow trout.

Smallmouth bass (1.39 ± 0.22) and walleye (0.82 ± 0.10) also exhibited the greatest KTL in October (Table 47).

Condition factor was also calculated for rainbow trout and kokanee salmon caught during the January test fishery. Wild rainbow trout (1.16 ± 0.05 SD) had greater mean KTL than hatchery rainbow trout (1.10 ± 0.11) and hatchery kokanee salmon (1.04) had greater mean KTL than wild kokanee (0.97 ± 0.09), although only two wild rainbow trout and one hatchery kokanee were caught (Table 48).

Scale analysis was performed to back-calculate the ages of eleven species of fish collected from electrofishing and gill net surveys, creel surveys, the January test fishery, and the Two Rivers Trout Derby. Northern pikeminnow (n = 9) were aged from one to five years (Table 49). Peamouth (n = 5) ranged from one to three years (Table 50). Lake whitefish (n = 36) were aged from one to eight years, although no age seven fish were collected (Table 51). Hatchery rainbow trout (n = 169), wild rainbow trout (115), and wild kokanee salmon (n = 41) were aged from one to four years (Table 52; Table 53; Table 54). Mountain whitefish (n = 6) were aged form three to six years (Table 55) and brown trout (n = 5) ranged from three to four years (Table 56). Smallmouth bass (n = 139) were aged from one to six years (Table 57). Eight black crappie were aged at one year (Table 58), and yellow perch (n = 70) were aged from one to five years (Table 59).

68 Table 47. Species, month of collection, number measured and weighed (n), and mean KTL (± SD) for fish collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Species May July October Totals n KTL n KTL n KTL n KTL White Sturgeon 1 0.36 1 0.36 Northern pikeminnow 6 0.97 ± 0.34 24 0.88 ± 0.22 16 0.97 ± 0.15 46 0.92 ± 0.22 Peamouth 5 0.83 ± 0.05 1 0.97 7 0.81 ± 0.16 13 0.83 ± 0.13 Tench 2 0.97 ± 0.60 1 1.18 3 1.04 ± 0.44 Carp 7 1.87 ± 0.35 9 1.69 ± 0.28 4 1.67 ± 0.19 20 1.75 ± 0.30 Bridgelip sucker 1 0.99 1 0.99 Longnose sucker 74 1.24 ± 0.11 63 1.13 ± 0.19 53 1.08 ± 0.16 190 1.16 ± 0.17 Largescale sucker 40 1.14 ± 0.15 31 1.06 ± 0.14 67 1.06 ± 0.13 138 1.08 ± 0.14 Lake whitefish 68 1.24 ± 0.16 63 1.25 ± 0.36 60 1.19 ± 0.13 191 1.23 ± 0.24 Rainbow trout (hatchery) 44 1.15 ± 0.25 48 1.10 ± 0.14 70 1.16 ± 0.11 162 1.14 ± 0.16 Rainbow trout (wild) 19 1.04 ± 0.14 16 0.99 ± 0.11 41 1.06 ± 0.13 76 1.04 ± 0.13 Rainbow trout (total) 63 1.12 ± 0.22 64 1.08 ± 0.14 111 1.12 ± 0.13 238 1.11 ± 0.16 Kokanee salmon (hatchery) 3 0.84 ± 0.21 2 1.01 ± 0.01 27 1.14 ± 0.11 32 1.10 ±0.15 Kokanee salmon (wild) 5 1.05 ± 0.39 3 1.11 ± 0.03 3 1.10 ± 0.05 11 1.08 ± 0.25 Kokanee salmon (total) 8 0.97 ± 0.33 5 1.07 ± 0.06 30 1.13 ± 0.11 43 1.10 ± 0.17 Mountain whitefish 1 0.93 5 1.14 ± 0.15 6 1.11 ± 0.16 Brown trout 2 1.13 ± 0.11 7 1.01 ± 0.14 9 1.04 ± 0.14 Eastern brook trout 1 1.00 1 1.20 2 1.07 ± 0.15 4 1.08 ± 0.12 Burbot 24 0.62 ± 0.08 36 0.59 ±0.09 92 0.55 ± 0.11 152 0.57 ± 0.10 Sculpin spp. 3 1.00 ± 0.07 4 1.35 ± 0.09 9 1.09 ± 0.27 16 1.14 ± 0.24 Smallmouth bass 102 1.31 ± 0.15 154 1.30 ± 0.19 393 1.39 ± 0.22 649 1.36 ± 0.21 Largemouth bass 1 2.64 1 2.64 Black crappie 35 1.28 ± 0.44 35 1.28 ± 0.44 Yellow perch 21 1.34 ± 0.26 34 1.36 ± 0.25 259 1.09 ± 0.29 314 1.14 ± 0.30 Walleye 115 0.79 ± 0.22 253 0.80 ± 0.17 204 0.82 ± 0.10 572 0.80 ± 0.16

69 Table 48. Species, number (n), mean KTL, mean total length (TL), and mean weight (Wt) of fish caught during the January test fishery at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Species (origin) n KTL Mean TL (mm) Mean Wt (g) Rainbow trout (hatchery) 211 1.10 ± 0.11 384 ± 26 628 ± 130 Rainbow trout (wild) 2 1.16 ± 0.05 369 ± 17 627 ± 6 Rainbow trout Totals 213 1.10 ± 0.11 384 ± 26 628 ± 129

Kokanee salmon (hatchery) 1 1.04 310 310 Kokanee salmon (wild) 20 0.97 ± 0.09 409 ± 59 680 ± 251 Kokanee salmon Totals 21 0.97 ± 0.09 405 ± 62 663 ± 258

Table 49. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of northern pikeminnow collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 5 2003 4 112 (15) 2002 2 145 (2) 249 (6) 2001 1 106 176 229 2000 1 160 267 342 455 1999 1 139 243 360 485 554 Grand Mean 127 (22) 237 (35) 310 (71) 470 (22) 554 9 Annual Growth 127 (22) 98 (16) 82 (33) 119 (9) 69

Table 50. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of peamouth collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 2003 1 98 2002 1 139 208 2001 3 136 (43) 209 (37) 298 (68) Grand Mean 129 (35) 208 (30) 298 (68) 5 Annual Growth 129 (35) 72 (5) 90 (32)

70 Table 51. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of lake whitefish collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2003 4 102 (17) 2002 2 87 (16) 160 (7) 2001 9 93 (21) 183 (37) 282 (63) 2000 12 98 (22) 181 (41) 267 (59) 359 (56) 1999 5 115 (25) 195 (29) 296 (38) 349 (15) 409 (31) 1998 3 90 (26) 198 (34) 309 (29) 414 (51) 477 (46) 526 (31) 1997 0 1996 1 99 210 326 445 519 544 571 599 Grand Mean 98 (22) 185 (35) 282 (54) 368 (53) 444 (53) 530 (27) 571 599 36 Annual Growth 98 (22) 87 (31) 95 (32) 86 (31) 63 (27) 43 (17) 27 27

Table 52. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of hatchery rainbow trout collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 2003 32 177 (33) 2002 95 176 (28) 303 (35) 2001 36 168 (31) 280 (46) 389 (43 ) 2000 6 148 (16) 259 (44) 368 (38) 477 (28) Grand Mean 174 (30) 295 (40) 386 (42) 477 (28) 169 Annual Growth 174 (30) 123 (35) 109 (35) 109 (21)

Table 53. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of wild rainbow trout collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 2003 15 133 (30) 2002 31 149 (27) 263 (46) 2001 56 166 (39) 284 (50) 384 (48) 2000 13 153 (54) 262 (69) 368 (56) 465 (53) Grand Mean 156 (38) 274 (52) 381 (50) 465 (63) 115 Annual Growth 156 (38) 115 (37) 101 (27) 97 (31)

71 Table 54. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of wild kokanee salmon collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 2003 3 199 (20) 2002 18 171 (42) 288 (59) 2001 18 172 (36) 276 (36) 403 (37) 2000 2 116 (12) 219 (68) 343(61) 452 (48) Grand Mean 171 (39) 279 (51) 397 (42) 452 (48) 41 Annual Growth 171 (39) 110 (30) 127 (43) 109 (12)

Table 55. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of mountain whitefish collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 5 6 2003 0 2002 0 2001 2 137 (6) 233 (19) 356 (7) 2000 1 116 194 266 341 1999 2 102 (21) 204 (76) 286 (74) 335 (53) 385 (13) 1998 1 112 232 276 322 366 390 Grand Mean 117 (19) 217 (39) 304 (52) 333 (31) 378 (14) 390 6 Annual Growth 117 (19) 99 (30) 87 (33) 55 (18) 48 (28 25

Table 56. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of brown trout collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 2003 0 2002 0 2001 2 88 (12) 169 (44) 295 (66) 2000 3 145 (36) 235 (38) 353 (68) 429 (58) Grand Mean 122 (41) 208 (50) 330 (66) 249 (58) 5 Annual Growth 122 (41) 86 (24) 122 (34) 76 (22)

72 Table 57. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of smallmouth bass collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 5 6 2003 28 76 (15) 2002 22 78 (17) 143 (20) 2001 44 74 (14) 136 (26) 206 (34) 2000 31 77 (16) 129 (25) 185 (31) 237 (37) 1999 13 72 (11) 121 (20) 170 (26) 230 (41) 272 (50) 1998 1 94 155 228 283 335 381 Grand Mean 76 (15) 134 (25) 194 (35) 236 (38) 277 (51) 381 139 Annual Growth 75 (15) 58 (18) 62 (19) 54 (20) 43 (12) 46

Table 58. Mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of black crappie collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2003 8 59 (6)

Table 59. Mean annual growth (± SD) and mean length at age (± SD) derived from back-calculated total lengths of yellow perch collected during electrofishing and gill net surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Back-calculated total length at annulus formation (mm) Cohort n 1 2 3 4 5 1999 36 73 (14) 2000 6 69 (17) 122 (30) 2001 12 64 (17) 124 (28) 176 (33) 2002 14 86 (18) 140 (27) 198 (28) 250 (20) 2003 2 66 (13) 111 (20) 144 (16) 204 (41) 244 (55) Grand Mean 74 (17) 130 (28) 185 (33) 244 (27) 244 (55) 70 Annual Growth 74 (17) 56 (17) 54 (16) 53 (21) 40 (14)

Diet

Diet analysis was conducted on 824 fish collected during electrofishing surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA. Analysis was performed on 16 species representing six families

73 including; peamouth (n = 6; 4 empty), northern pikeminnow (n = 21; 15 empty), tench (n = 1; 1 empty), lake whitefish (n = 13; 5 empty), hatchery rainbow trout (n = 224; 36 empty), wild rainbow trout (n = 57; 10 empty), hatchery kokanee (n = 2; 0 empty), wild kokanee (n = 24; 6 empty), mountain whitefish (n = 6; 3 empty), brown trout (n = 8; 5 empty), eastern brook trout (n = 4; 0 empty), burbot (n = 15; 5 empty), sculpin spp. (n = 13; 9 empty), smallmouth bass (n = 145; 33 empty), black crappie (n = 7; 3 empty), yellow perch (n = 55; 16 empty), and walleye (n = 223; 88 empty).

Across all fish species, Daphnidae (Ria = 56.29) was the most important diet category, followed by Salmonidae (Ria = 5.77), and Percidae (Ria = 5.60). Daphnia was the most important individual food item for lake whitefish (Ria = 37.82), hatchery rainbow trout

(Ria = 57.78), wild rainbow trout (Ria = 72.21), hatchery kokanee salmon (Ria = 100.00), wild kokanee salmon (Ria = 96.96), eastern brook trout (Ria = 49.4), Cottidae spp. (Ria =

43.4), smallmouth bass (Ria = 40.13), black crappie (Ria = 79.32), and yellow perch (Ria

= 52.11). Peamouth relied heavily on Planorbidae (Ria = 44.82), while Physidae (Ria = 31.75) was the most important diet item of northern pikeminnow. Mountain whitefish relied most heavily on isopods (Ria = 58.68) in their diet. Percidae was the most important diet item for brown trout (Ria = 35.37) and burbot (Ria = 68.04), while

Salmonidae (Ria = 14.09) was the most important fish family in the diet of walleye. When all fish prey was combined, Osteichthyes was the most important diet category for northern pikeminnow (Ria = 50.94), brown trout (Ria = 35.37), smallmouth bass (Ria =

49.23), and walleye (Ria = 54.75; Table 60). Many species were found to have high (0.70) diet overlap. Hatchery and wild rainbow trout had high diet overlap with each other and with hatchery kokanee salmon, wild kokanee salmon, eastern brook trout, Cottidae spp., smallmouth bass, black crappie, and yellow perch. Hatchery and wild kokanee salmon had complete diet overlap (1.00) with each other and had high diet overlap with eastern brook trout, black crappie, and yellow perch. Eastern brook also had high diet overlap with black crappie and yellow perch. Cottidae had additional high overlap with smallmouth bass, black crappie, and yellow perch. Smallmouth bass had high overlap with yellow perch, and walleye, while black crappie had additional high overlap with yellow perch (Table 61).

74 Table 60. Relative importance (Ria) values of diet items from fish species collected by boat electrofishing at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). (H = hatchery, W = wild)

Rainbow Rainbow Kokanee Kokanee Northern Peamouth trout trout salmon salmon pikeminnow Diet Category (H) (W) (H) (W) (n) 2 6 188 47 2 18 Osteichthyes Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Catostomidae 0.00 25.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.00 0.00 0.16 3.21 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 0.00 24.96 0.43 1.96 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 0.00 0.00 57.78 72.21 100.00 96.96 Leptodoridae 39.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.65 0.00 0.00 Annelida Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 9.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 0.00 0.00 2.05 3.97 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 7.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 31.75 2.28 8.89 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 44.82 0.00 0.78 0.66 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.81 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.64 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 2.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lepidoptera Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.19 1.32 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 15.66 8.26 18.38 3.69 0.00 3.04

75 Table 60. Continued.

Eastern Lake Mountain Brown Cottidae brook Burbot whitefish whitefish trout spp. Diet Category trout (n) 8 3 3 4 10 4 Osteichthyes Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 14.65 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 0.00 0.00 35.37 0.00 68.04 0.00 Non-salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.96 26.78 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 34.02 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 37.82 0.00 0.00 49.40 0.00 43.40 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.57 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 9.12 Annelida Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 15.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.05 0.00 Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 24.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 3.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 8.02 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 41.32 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 17.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 58.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 20.70 Lepidoptera Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 28.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other 17.89 0.00 17.94 0.00 8.30 0.00

76 Table 60. Continued. Smallmouth Black crappie Yellow perch Walleye Diet Category bass (n) 112 4 39 135

Osteichthyes Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.99 Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.99 Salmonidae 6.07 0.00 0.00 14.09 Cottidae 25.52 0.00 18.36 11.40 Centrarchidae 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.95 Percidae 3.37 0.00 5.59 8.18 Non-salmonidae 12.62 0.00 1.88 16.47 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.63 0.00 0.00 1.67 Zooplankton Daphnidae 40.13 79.32 52.11 26.06 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 20.68 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Oligochaeta 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hirudinea 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.57 Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 2.90 0.00 0.00 0.25 Diptera Chironomidae 2.09 0.00 2.88 11.96 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.92 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.85 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.10 Lepidoptera Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 1.72 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.63 0.00 3.55 0.51 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.91 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 8.53 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.24 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.61 Other 2.11 0.00 3.63 2.03

77 Table 61. Diet overlap of species sampled at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Bold values indicate high (>0.70) diet overlap. (H = hatchery origin, W = wild origin)

Peamouth- Northern pikeminnow 0.04 - Lake whitefish 0.09 0.11 - Rainbow trout (H) 0.09 0.08 0.85 - Rainbow trout (W) 0.02 0.09 0.71 0.94 - Kokanee salmon (H) 0.00 0.00 0.60 0.84 0.94 - Kokanee salmon (W) 0.01 0.00 0.62 0.86 0.95 1.00 - Mountain whitefish 0.00 0.34 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.00 0.00 - Brown trout 0.09 0.40 0.12 0.11 0.04 0.00 0.01 0.00 - Eastern brook trout 0.09 0.00 0.59 0.79 0.79 0.72 0.73 0.00 0.00 - Burbot 0.03 0.48 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.67 0.00 - Cottidae spp. 0.00 0.00 0.57 0.75 0.74 0.66 0.67 0.29 0.00 0.63 0.03 - Smallmouth bass 0.01 0.04 0.61 0.76 0.77 0.64 0.65 0.00 0.06 0.64 0.18 0.74 - Black crappie 0.00 0.00 0.64 0.87 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.00 0.00 0.75 0.00 0.70 0.69 - Yellow perch 0.02 0.06 0.70 0.89 0.90 0.79 0.80 0.00 0.09 0.74 0.17 0.73 0.92 0.83 - Walleye 0.01 0.14 0.52 0.60 0.58 0.45 0.46 0.02 0.15 0.51 0.26 0.69 0.85 0.50 0.72 -

Burbot Burbot Walleye Peamouth Brown trout Cottidae spp. Yellow perch perch Yellow Black crappie Black crappie Lake whitefish Smallmouth bass Rainbow(H) trout Rainbow(W) trout Eastern brook trout Mountain whitefish Kokanee salmon (H) (H) salmon Kokanee Kokanee salmon (W) (W) salmon Kokanee Northern pikeminnow pikeminnow Northern

78 Tagging Studies

A total of 1,423 tags were recovered via angler tag returns (n = 1,276), creel surveys (n = 69), test fishery (n = 9), Two Rivers Trout Derby (n = 51), FWIN (n = 3), and LRFEP sampling (n = 15; Table 62). Most tags recovered (n=760) were from fish released in 2003 followed by 2004 release year recoveries (n = 568; Table 62, Table 63). Additionally, tags were recovered from fish released in 2002 (n = 31), 2001(n = 58), 2000 (n = 3), 1999 (n = 2) and 1998 (n = 1; Table 63).

Over half of the tags recovered were from Spokane stock diploids (n = 724; 50.9%; Table 64). Spokane stock triploids (n = 495) comprised 34.8% of tags recovered (Table 64). A majority of tags recovered from fish tagged and released in 2004 were recovered near or downstream from their release location (Table 65). Of the fish released at Kettle Falls, most of the fish (52.2%) were recovered in the upper reservoir. The majority of fish tagged and released at Seven Bays were collected in the lower reservoir (52.3%), as well as those tagged and released from Keller Ferry (67.0%; Table 65).

Of the 1,423 tags returned in 2004, 2.4% (n = 34) were recovered below Grand Coulee Dam (Table 66). The largest fish recorded was a large sized Troutlodge triploid measuring in at 573mm that was released in 2001 from Seven Bays and recovered at Crescent Bay during a creel survey. Although anglers reported fish as large as 864mm, these were not included in analysis due to possible data inaccuracies.

Spokane stock diploids and triploids released from Kettle Falls in 2004 exhibited the highest average growth per day at 1.17 and 1.20mm/day, respectively (Table 67). Fish released in 2004 spent an average of 116 days in the fishery, and two Phalon Lake rainbow trout tags from fish released at Kettle Falls in 1999 were recovered. One tag was also recovered from a Spokane stock diploid fish released from Seven Bays in 1998 (Table 67).

79 Table 62. Source of tag return, stock, and number per release year of tag returns for rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt (2004).

Release Year Method Stock Total 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 Spokane stock diploids 295 303 28 13 2 - 1 642 Spokane stock triploids 215 239 - - - - - 454 Phalon Lake stock 4 50 - 4 1 2 - 61 Anglers Troutlodge triploids - - 2 6 - - - 8 Troutlodge triploids * - 81 - 30 - - - 111 Total 514 673 30 53 3 2 1 1,276

Spokane stock diploids 8 29 - 1 - - - 38 Spokane stock triploids 1 17 - - - - - 18 Phalon Lake stock - 3 - - - - - 3 Creel Surveys Troutlodge triploids - - - 1 - - - 1 Troutlodge triploids * - 7 - 2 - - - 9 Total 9 56 0 4 0 0 0 69

Spokane stock diploids - 6 - - - - - 6 Test Fishery Spokane stock triploids - 3 - - - - - 3 Total 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 9

Spokane stock diploids 22 10 - - - - - 32 Spokane stock triploids 13 3 - - - - - 16 Two Rivers Derby Phalon Lake stock - 2 - - - - - 2 Troutlodge triploids * - 1 - - - - - 1 Total 35 16 0 0 0 0 0 51

Spokane stock diploids 1 ------1 Spokane stock triploids 1 ------1 FWIN Phalon Lake stock - 1 - - - - - 1 Total 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 3

Spokane stock diploids 4 1 - - - - - 5 Spokane stock triploids 3 ------3 LRFEP Sampling Phalon Lake stock 1 4 - - - - - 5 Troutlodge triploids - - 1 1 - - - 2 Total 8 5 1 1 0 0 0 15 Grand Total 568 760 31 58 3 2 1 1,423 *Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean total length of 381 mm and mean weight of 798 g

80 Table 63. Release year, release location, stock, ploidy, number (n) of rainbow trout tagged, number of tags recovered in 2004, recovery rates, and average number of days in the fishery (± standard deviation) for each release group of rainbow trout planted from 1998 to 2004 in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Recovery Year Location Stock/Ploidy Tagged (n) Recovered (n) Rate (%)

2004 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 10,000 5 0.05 Spokane stock diploids 6,500 73 1.12 Spokane stock triploids 6,500 37 0.57

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 6,500 200 3.08 Spokane stock triploids 6,500 56 0.86

Keller Ferry Spokane stock diploids 6,500 57 0.88 Spokane stock triploids 6,500 140 2.15

Total 49,000 568 1.16 2003 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 9,999 60 0.60 Spokane stock diploids 6,700 129 1.93 Spokane stock triploids 7,699 80 1.04

China Bend Troutlodge triploids* 459 14 3.05

Gifford Troutlodge triploids* 352 9 2.56

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 6,600 141 2.14 Spokane stock triploids 6,800 111 1.63

Lincoln Troutlodge triploids* 527 10 1.90

Porcupine Bay Troutlodge triploids* 503 13 2.58

Keller Ferry Spokane stock diploids 5,709 79 1.38 Spokane stock triploids 6,700 71 1.06 Troutlodge triploids* 447 16 3.58

Spring Canyon Troutlodge triploids* 861 27 3.14

Total 53,356 760 1.42 2002 Kettle Falls Spokane stock diploids 9,997 17 0.17 Troutlodge triploids 10,000 3 0.03

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 9,999 11 0.11

Total 29,996 31 0.10

81

Table 64. Continued

2001 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake 9,995 4 0.04 Spokane stock diploids 9,985 5 0.05 Troutlodge triploids* 5,983 14 0.23

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 14,994 9 0.06 Troutlodge triploids 6,973 8 0.11

Fort Spokane Troutlodge triploids* 2,979 13 0.44

Keller Ferry Troutlodge triploids* 3,000 - --

Total 53,909 53 0.10 2000 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 9,995 1 0.01 Spokane stock diploid 9,999 1 0.01

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 9,968 1 0.01 Troutlodge triploids 9,226 - --

Total 39,188 3 0.01 1999 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 9,142 2 0.02 Spokane stock diploids 9,977 - --

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 9,995 - --

Total 29,114 2 0.01 1998 Kettle Falls Spokane stock diploids 9,992 - --

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 9,989 1 0.01

Total 19,981 1 0.01

Grand Total 274,544 1,423 0.52

*Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean total length of 381 mm and mean weight of 798 g

Table 64. Stock, ploidy, number (n) and percent (%) of tagged rainbow trout recovered in Lake Roosevelt, WA. (2004). *Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean total length of 381 mm and mean weight of 798 g.

Stock/Ploidy n % Phalon Lake stock 72 5.1 Spokane stock diploids 724 50.9 Spokane stock triploids 495 34.8 Troutlodge triploids 11 0.8 Troutlodge triploids* 121 8.5 Grand Total 1,423 100.0

82 Table 65. Number of tag recoveries, recovery location, stock, ploidy, and percent of 2004 release year rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). FDR = Lake Roosevelt, GCD = Grand Coulee Dam

Release Location Kettle Falls Seven Bays Keller Ferry Capture Location Spokane stock Spokane stock Spokane stock Grand Total Phalon Lake Total (n) Total (n) Total (n) stock diploids triploids diploids triploids diploids triploids Upper Reservoir Evans 1 2 1 3.5 (4) ------0.7 (4) Kettle Falls - 8 7 13.0 (15) 1 1 0.8 (2) - 1 0.5 (1) 3.2 (18) Bradbury Beach 2 7 4 11.3 (13) ------2.3 (13) Daisy 1 15 6 19.1 (22) ------3.9 (22) Gifford - 5 1 5.2 (6) 1 - 0.4 (1) - - -- 1.2 (7) Total 4 37 19 52.2 (60) 2 1 1.2 (3) 0 1 0.5 (1) 11.3 (64) Middle Reservoir Hunters - 9 7 13.9 (16) 3 2 2.0 (5) 1 1 1.0 (2) 4.0 (23) Two Rivers - 7 1 7.0 (8) 6 5 4.3 (11) 2 2 2.0 (4) 4.0 (23) Fort Spokane - 2 1 2.6 (3) 4 - 1.6 (4) - 4 2.0 (4) 1.9 (11) Porcupine Bay - - - -- 4 - 1.6 (4) - - -- 0.7 (4) Seven Bays - 7 - 6.1 (7) 34 11 17.6 (45) 6 10 8.1 (16) 12.0 (68) Hawk Creek - 2 - 1.7 (2) 18 3 8.2 (21) 1 10 5.6 (11) 6.0 (34) Lincoln - - 2 1.7 (2) 13 4 6.6 (17) 3 7 5.1 (10) 5.1 (29) Total 0 27 11 33.0 (38) 82 25 41.8 (107) 13 34 23.9 (47) 33.8 (192) Lower Reservoir Jones Bay - 2 - 1.7 (2) 46 13 23.0 (59) 9 23 16.2 (32) 16.4 (93) Hanson Harbor ------1 0.5 (1) 0.2 (1) Keller Ferry - 2 1 2.6 (3) 32 9 16.0 (41) 19 42 31.0 (61) 18.5 (105) Sanpoil River - - - 9 - 3.5 (9) 1 6 3.6 (7) 2.8 (16) Spring Canyon - 1 2 2.6 (3) 17 4 8.2 (21) 8 18 13.2 (26) 8.8 (50) Crescent Bay - - - 4 - 1.6 (4) 1 4 2.5 (5) 1.6 (9) Total 0 5 3 7.0 (8) 108 26 52.3 (134) 38 94 67.0 (132) 48.2 (274) Other Unknown FDR 1 4 4 7.8 (9) 8 3 4.3 (11) 4 7 5.6 (11) 5.5 (31) Below GCD ------1 0.4 (1) 2 4 3.0 (6) 1.2 (7) Grand Total 5 73 37 100.0 (115) 200 56 100.0 (256) 57 140 100.0 (197) 100.0 (568)

83 Table 66. Recoveries made by release year, number of rainbow trout tagged during release year, and recovery rates in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Number in parenthesis indicates tags recovered below Grand Coulee Dam.

Release No. Fish Release Year 1 2 3 4 5 6 Tags Recovery Rate (%) Tag Recoveries (%) Tag Recovery Year Tagged Tag Recoveries Year Year Year Year Year Year Returned Release Year Fish Carry Over Fish Below GCD (%) 1988 1,171 77 (0) 16 (0) 1 (0) 94 (0) 6.58 18.09 0.00 1989 1,753 15 (2) 28 (2) 1 (0) 3 (0) 2 (1) 49 (5) 0.86 69.39 10.20 1990 4,361 72 (21) 19 (8) 3 (0) 1 (1) 1 (1) 96 (31) 1.65 25.00 32.29 1991 4,345 205 (32) 45 (4) 2 (1) 1 (1) 253 (38) 4.72 18.97 15.02 1992 20,997 509 (12) 10 (0) 519 (12) 2.42 19.27 2.31 1993 21,261 108 (2) 34 (2) 3 (0) 145 (4) 0.51 25.52 2.76 1994 26,975 307 (8) 64 (3) 3 (0) 1 (0) 375 (11) 0.14 18.13 2.93 1995 12,984 104 (1) 12 (1) 4 (0) 120 (2) 0.80 13.33 1.67 1996 14,948 202 (55) 40 (7) 242 (62) 0.15 16.53 25.62 1997 20,000 151 (146) 151 (146) 0.08 0.00 96.69 1998 19,981 601 (19) 7 (2) 629 (21) 0.31 1.16 3.34 1999 29,114 82 (14) 220 (26) 1 (1) 6 (1) 309 (42) 0.28 73.46 13.59 2000 29,962 240 (3) 65 (10) 18 (0) 323 (13) 0.80 25.70 4.02 2001 53,919 629 (2) 100 (1) 7 (0) 2 (0) 738 (3) 1.17 14.77 0.41 2002 29,996 62 (2) 1265 (7) 51 (4) 8 (1) 1 (0) 1 (0) 1,388 (14) 0.26 95.53 1.01 2003 53,356 1,583 (14) 111 (2) 258 (1) 21(0) 4 (0) 2 (0) 1,979 (17) 2.97 20.01 0.86 2004 49,000 568 (7) 760 (21) 31 (2) 53 (4) 3 (0) 2(0) 1(0) 1,423 (34) 1.16 60.08 2.39 Totals 394,123 5,515 (340) 2,789 (94) 383 (9) 96 (8) 9(1) 16 (3) 1(0) 8,833 (455) 1.40 37.56 5.15

84 Table 67. Number (n), range of length, average length (± standard deviation), estimated mean total length growth (mm/d), and mean weight growth (g/d) and estimated mean number of days in the fishery (± standard deviation) between date of tag and date of capture by release location and stock/ploidy of tagged rainbow trout in Lake Roosevelt WA (2003). Growth estimates were based only on information gathered through creel surveys, LRFEP sampling, FWIN surveys, Two Rivers Trout Derby, and Test Fisheries. Days in fishery included information received via angler tag returns.

Ln Range Avg Length Avg Growth Year Location Stock/Ploidy n n n d in fishery (mm) (mm) mm/d 2004 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 1 455 455 - -- 5 40 (35) Spokane stock diploids 5 300-354 315 (23) 5 1.17 (0.11) 73 112 (42) Spokane stock triploids 3 323-378 342 (31) 3 1.20 (0.19) 37 116 (57)

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 23 231-391 322 (30) 23 0.99 (0.25) 200 105 (58) Spokane stock triploids 6 289-345 319 (20) 6 1.02 (0.17) 56 123 (69)

Keller Marina Spokane stock diploids 7 204-355 295 (66) 6 0.80 (0.15) 57 136 (67) Spokane stock triploids 9 239-377 331 (40) 9 0.97 (0.15) 140 125 (59) Total 54 231-391 323 (40) 52 1.00 (0.22) 568 116 (59)

2003 China Bend Troutlodge triploids* ------14 299 (83)

Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 10 220-405 323 (67) 10 0.34 (0.10) 60 296 (84) Spokane stock diploids 19 365-529 432 (46) 19 0.67 (0.18) 129 341 (96) Spokane stock triploids 10 360-466 422 (42) 10 0.54 (0.08) 80 336 (80)

Gifford Troutlodge triploids* 1 485 485 1 0.27 9 280 (97)

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 15 364-509 413 (38) 15 0.62 (0.11) 141 332 (85) Spokane stock triploids 8 365-452 397 (31) 7 0.62 (0.11) 111 325 (84)

Lincoln Troutlodge triploids* 1 430 430 1 0.23 10 222 (35)

Porcupine Bay Troutlodge triploids* 1 505 505 1 0.22 13 299 (83)

Keller Marina Spokane stock diploids 12 375-453 412 (31) 12 0.60 (0.12) 79 367 (84) Spokane stock triploids 5 380-460 409 (45) 3 0.63 (0.10) 71 381 (89) Troutlodge triploids* 3 438-500 469 (31) 3 0.34 (0.10) 16 260 (58)

Spring Canyon Troutlodge triploids* 2 450-472 461 (16) 2 0.31 (0.10) 27 238 (49) Total 87 220-529 411 (55) 84 0.56 (0.18) 760 331 (90)

2002 Kettle Falls Spokane stock diploids ------17 644 (48) Troutlodge triploids 1 511 511 - -- 3 588 (151)

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids ------11 678 (55) Total 1 511 511 - -- 31 651 (67)

2001 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock ------4 894 (54) Spokane stock diploids ------5 1,051 (96) Troutlodge triploids* 1 573 573 - -- 14 818 (65)

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids 1 510 510 1 0.25 9 985 (64) Troutlodge triploids 2 502-559 530 (40) 2 0.33 (0.10) 8 990 (37)

85

Table 67. Continued. Two Rivers Troutlodge triploids* 1 529 529 - -- 13 827 (54)

Keller Marina Troutlodge triploids* ------5 881 (112) Total 5 502-573 535 3 0.30 (0.08) 58 900 (106)

2000 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock ------1 1,519 Spokane stock diploids ------1 1,330

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids ------1 1,346 Total 3 1,398 (105) 1999 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock ------2 1,650 (167) Total 2 1679 (166) 1998 Seven Bays Spokane stock diploids ------1 2074 Total ------1 2074 Grand Total 147 204-573 384 (72) 139 0.72 (0.29) 1,418 282 (212) *Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean length of 381 mm and weight of 798 g.

Test Fishery

During the annual January test fishery, anglers collected 321 fish putting forth 361.3 rod hours of effort. Rainbow trout (n = 300) and kokanee salmon (n = 21) were the only two species collected (Table 68). Hatchery rainbow trout made up the majority of the relative abundance (92.5%) with the highest CPUE (0.82 fish/rod h). Wild kokanee salmon (9.7%) were more abundant than hatchery kokanee salmon (0.3%) with catch rates of 0.6 and <0.01 fish/rod hour, respectively (Table 68). Tags were recovered from nine hatchery origin rainbow trout.

Table 68. Species, origin, number (n), relative abundance (RA, and catch-per-unit- effort (CPUE as fish/rod h) of fish captured during the January test fishery in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). (Effort = 361.25 rod h)

Species Origin n RA CPUE Rainbow trout hatchery 297 92.52 0.82 wild 3 0.93 0.01 Rainbow trout Total 300 93.46 0.83

Kokanee salmon hatchery 1 0.31 <0.01 wild 20 6.23 0.06 Kokanee salmon Total 21 6.54 0.06 Totals 321 100.00 0.89

86 Two Rivers Trout Derby

One hundred twenty teams, consisting of two anglers each, were registered for the Two Rives Trout Derby. A total of 1,091 rainbow trout (n = 1,014) and kokanee salmon (n = 77) were harvested (Table 69). Hatchery origin rainbow trout and kokanee salmon were captured more frequently than wild fish, comprising 87.0% and 4.9% of the harvest, respectively (Table 69). Wild fish were generally longer than hatchery origin fish (Figure 10; Figure 11). The longest fish captured was a rainbow trout of wild origin that measured 567 mm and weighed 1,572 g. The longest hatchery origin rainbow trout measured 565 mm and weighed 1,760 g. The longest kokanee salmon was wild origin measuring 532 mm and weighing 1,633 g. The longest hatchery kokanee salmon measured 460 mm and weighed 1,123 mm. Although wild rainbow trout and kokanee salmon had greater mean total lengths and weights than their hatchery counterparts, mean ® KTL was higher for hatchery fish of both species (Table 69). Floy tags were recovered from 51 hatchery rainbow trout.

Table 69. Species, origin, number (n), mean total length (standard deviation), range of total length (TL), mean weight (standard deviation), range of weight and mean condition factor (KTL) of fish caught at the Two Rivers Trout Derby held on Lake Roosevelt, WA (August 21-22, 2004).

Species Origin n RA TL (mm) TL Range Wt. (g) Wt. Range Mean KTL Rainbow trout hatchery 949 87.0 360 (61) 225-565 586 (304) 186-1760 1.17 (±0.17) wild 65 6.0 423 (80) 264-567 876 (387) 191-1572 1.08 (±0.11) Rainbow trout Total 1,014 92.9 364 (64) 225-567 604 (318) 186-1760 1.17 (±0.17)

Kokanee salmon hatchery 53 4.9 328 (52) 252-460 453 (238) 200-1284 1.19 (±0.10) wild 24 2.2 423 (76) 270-532 921 (448) 184-1633 1.11 (±0.08) Kokanee salmon Total 77 7.1 358 (74) 252-532 599 (383) 184-1633 1.17 (±0.10) Totals 1,091 100.0 364 (65) 225 (567) 604 (323) 184-1760 1.17 (±0.16)

87 35 30 25 20 Hatchery 15 Wild 10 Frequency (%) Frequency 5 0

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 7 1 5 9 3 7 1 5 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 -5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 Total Length (mm)

Figure 10. Length frequency distribution of hatchery and wild rainbow trout captured during the Two Rivers Trout Derby at Lake Roosevelt, WA (August 21-11, 2004).

14 12 10 8 Hatchery 6 Wild 4 Frequency (%) Frequency 2 0

9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 3 7 1 5 9 3 7 1 5 -2 -2 -3 -3 -3 -4 -4 -5 -5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 6 0 4 8 2 6 0 4 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 5 Total Length (mm)

Figure 11. Length frequency distribution of hatchery and wild kokanee salmon captured at the Two Rivers Trout Derby at Lake Roosevelt, WA (August 21-22, 2004).

88 Creel Survey

Total pressure for the time period January through August (excluding April) was estimated at 1,658,334 ± 81,900 (95% CI) angler hours. Angler pressure was highest in Section 2 (730,267 ± 36,114), followed by Section 3 (572,184 ± 53,628), and Section 1 (355,883 ± 10,158). Section 1 and Section 3 saw the greatest angler pressure in June, while Section 2 had the highest angler pressure in July. Reservoir-wide, angler pressure was highest in June and lowest in January (Table 70).

An estimated 337,746 angler trips were made to Lake Roosevelt from January through August (excluding April). Reservoir wide, the mean duration of each angler trip was 4.91 hours, and was greatest in Section 1 (5.08; SD = 1.81), followed by Section 3 (4.90; SD = 1.77) and Section 2 (4.79; SD = 1.76). The greatest number of angler trips reservoir wide were observed in Section 2 (153,736). Section 1 had the greatest number of angler trips in July, whereas Section 2 and Section 3 had the greatest number of angler trips in June (Table 71).

Table 70. Total monthly angler pressure estimates in hours (± 95% CI) by creel section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Month Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Totals

January 1,748 ± 169 29,608 ± 2,039 30,853 ± 1,920 62,209 ± 4,128

February 5,194 ± 434 104,134 ± 5,486 55,418 ± 4,227 164,746 ± 10,147

March 12,228 ± 896 79,134 ± 3,725 54,877 ± 3,139 146,239 ± 7,760

May 27,955 ± 1,275 64,654 ± 3,725 72,239 ± 5,137 164,847 ± 10,136

June 190,645 ± 3,898 105,393 ± 4,757 125,975 ± 7,949 422,013 ± 16,604

July 55,300 ± 1,912 186,105 ± 9,566 125,943 ± 7,101 367,393 ± 18,578

August 62,812 ± 1,574 161,195 ± 6,817 106,880 ± 6,156 330,888 ± 14,547

Grand Totals 355,883 ± 10,158 730,267 ± 36,114 572,184 ± 35,628 1,658,334 ± 81,900

89 Table 71. Monthly angler trip estimates by section, based on total hours from pressure estimates and mean trip length (h) at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Month Section Mean Trip Length Angler Hours Angler Trips January 1 2.99 1,748 586 2 5.13 29,608 5,775 3 5.60 30,853 5,508

February 1 3.51 5,194 1,482 2 5.30 104,134 19,630 3 4.46 55,418 12,425

March 1 4.64 12,228 2,635 2 5.08 79,134 15,564 3 4.95 54,877 11,092

May 1 5.79 27,955 4,828 2 4.80 64,654 13,478 3 4.81 72,239 15,023

June 1 5.51 190,645 34,597 2 4.91 105,393 21,472 3 5.07 125,975 24,846

July 1 4.97 55,300 11,132 2 4.36 186,150 42,664 3 4.88 125,943 25,805

August 1 6.18 62,812 10,162 2 4.59 161,195 35,153 3 4.78 106,880 22,374 Grand Total 4.91 1,658,334 337,746

90 The economic value of the Lake Roosevelt fishery was estimated to be $9.73 million. This value was based on the cost per trip of $28.80 and the estimated number of angler trips (337,746) during the seven months that the creel was performed (Table 71).

Throughout Lake Roosevelt, anglers reported catching nine species of fish; rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, Chinook salmon, brown trout, burbot, smallmouth bass, yellow perch, walleye, and largescale sucker. Largescale sucker was the only species caught and not harvested. An estimated 897,396 ± 44,465 (95% CI) fish were caught in Lake Roosevelt, whereas the estimated harvest reservoir wide was 490,770 ± 24,196 fish. Catch was highest in Section 3 (412,715 ± 25,607), followed by Section 2 (251,173 ± 12,304), and Section 1 (233,507 ± 6,555; Table 72). Similarly, Section 3 (202,275 ± 12,751) reported the greatest harvest, followed by Section 2 (151,492 ± 7,625), and Section 1 (137,003 ± 3,821; Table 73)

Across all sections of Lake Roosevelt, walleye (330,314 ± 11,518), rainbow trout (277,231 ± 16,337), and smallmouth bass (270,163 ± 15,511) were the most frequently caught species (Table 72). However, rainbow trout (236,443 ± 13,967) were harvested most frequently, followed by walleye (205,147 ± 7,435) and smallmouth bass (33,387; Table 73). Rainbow trout and walleye were the only species caught in all three sections of Lake Roosevelt. Kokanee and Chinook salmon were only caught in Section 2 and Section 3, while brown trout and largescale sucker were only caught in Section 2. In Section 1, walleye was the most the most caught (222,719 ± 6,283) and harvested (126,731 ± 3,568) species. Walleye (94,711 ± 4,475) was also the most caught species in Section 2; however rainbow trout (73,052 ± 3,847) were harvested most frequently. Smallmouth bass (207,626 ± 12,594) were caught most frequently in Section 3, although rainbow trout (154,172 ± 9894) were harvested most frequently.

91 Table 72. Number of fish caught (n), and estimated number of fish caught (± 95% CI) by section and species at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Estimates are based on seven months of creel from January through August, excluding April.

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Total Species n Catch n Catch n Catch n Catch

Rainbow trout 36 9,523 ± 240 382 86,345 ± 4,515 1,736 181,363 ± 11,582 2,154 277,231 ± 16,337

Kokanee salmon 12 3,975 ± 206 73 9,709 ± 600 85 13,685 ± 805

Chinook salmon 2 447 ± 25 7 661 ± 44 9 1,108 ± 69

Brown trout 1 306 ± 14 1 306 ± 14

Burbot 2 95 ± 7 1 241 ± 13 3 336 ± 20

Smallmouth bass 1 212 ± 5 159 62,326 ± 2,912 1,295 207,626 ± 12,594 1,455 270,163 ± 15,511

Yellow perch 3 991 ± 22 5 1,764 ± 91 2 472 ± 27 10 3,226 ± 139

Walleye 957 222,719 ± 6,283 273 94,711 ± 4,475 69 12,883 ± 761 1,299 330,314 ± 11,518

Largescale sucker 3 1,058 ± 54 3 1,058 ± 54

Grand Totals 999 233,507 ± 6,555 838 251,173 ± 12,304 3,182 412,715 ± 25,607 5,019 897,396 ± 44,465

92 Table 73. Number of fish harvested (n), and estimated number of fish harvested (± 95% CI) by section and species at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Estimates are based on seven months of creel from January through August, excluding April.

Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Total Species n Harvest n Harvest n Harvest n Harvest

Rainbow trout 33 9,219 ± 226 345 73,052 ± 3,847 1,528 154,172 ± 9,894 1,906 236,443 ± 13,967

Kokanee salmon 12 3,975 ± 206 68 8,879 ± 550 80 12,854 ± 756

Chinook salmon 1 206 ± 12 7 661 ± 44 8 867 ± 56

Brown trout 1 306 ± 14 1 306 ± 14

Burbot 2 95 ± 7 1 241 ± 13 3 336 ± 20

Smallmouth bass 19 6,823 ± 343 131 26,564 ± 1,559 150 33,387 ± 1,902

Yellow perch 3 991 ± 22 2 472 ± 27 5 1,462 ± 49

Walleye 547 126,731 ± 3,568 187 66,889 ± 3,190 60 11,527 ± 677 794 205,147 ± 7,435

Grand Totals 585 137,003 ± 3,821 566 151,492 ± 7,625 1,796 202,275 ± 12,751 2,947 490,770 ± 24,196

93 Total CPUE across all sections of Lake Roosevelt and fish species was 0.547 fish/h, and was highest in Section 3 (0.677) followed by Section 1 (0.608), and Section 2 (0.304; Table 74). Reservoir wide, HPUE across all species was 0.321 fish/h and again was highest in Section 3 (0.377), followed by Section 1 (0.356), and Section 2 (0.205; Table 75). In Section 1, CPUE and HPUE were highest for walleye, whereas HPUE and CPUE were highest for rainbow trout in Section 2 and Section 3 (Table 74; Table 75). Monthly catch and harvest estimates were summarized in Appendix B.

Table 74. Catch-per-unit-effort (fish/h) by species and section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents fish caught by anglers from January through August, excluding April.

Species Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Totals

Rainbow trout 0.022 0.139 0.364 0.235

Kokanee salmon 0.000 0.004 0.015 0.009

Chinook salmon 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001

Brown trout 0.000 <0.001 0.000 <0.001

Burbot 0.001 <0.001 0.000 <0.001

Smallmouth bass 0.001 0.058 0.272 0.159

Yellow perch 0.002 0.002 <0.001 0.001

Walleye 0.582 0.099 0.014 0.142

Largescale sucker 0.000 0.001 0.000 <0.001

Grand Totals 0.608 0.304 0.667 0.547

94 Table 75. Harvest-per-unit-effort (fish/h) by species and section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents fish harvested by anglers from January through August, excluding April.

Species Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Totals

Rainbow trout 0.020 0.125 0.320 0.208

Kokanee salmon 0.000 0.004 0.014 0.009

Chinook salmon 0.000 <0.001 0.001 0.001

Brown trout 0.000 <0.001 0.000 <0.001

Burbot 0.001 <0.001 0.000 <0.001

Smallmouth bass 0.000 0.007 0.027 0.016

Yellow perch 0.002 0.000 <0.001 0.001

Walleye 0.333 0.068 0.013 0.087

Grand Totals 0.356 0.205 0.377 0.321

Rainbow trout averaged 396 mm total length (± 59 SD) and 711 g (± 273 SD) round weight, but were longest (401 ± 58 mm) and heaviest (755 ± 270 g) in Section 3. Reservoir wide, wild origin rainbow trout were longer and heavier than hatchery origin fish. Kokanee salmon mean total length was 438 mm (± 73 SD) and 1,064 g (± 544) mean round weight and were longest (462 ± 64 g) and heaviest (1,205 ± 662) in Section 2. As with rainbow trout, wild (unmarked) kokanee were longer and heavier than hatchery origin fish. The majority of smallmouth bass (91%) were caught in Section 3, where they averaged 260 mm (± 50) and 486 g (± 435). The reservoir wide average was 257 mm (± 50) and 402 g (± 370). Reservoir wide walleye averaged 371 mm (± 56) total length and 482 g (± 225) round weight. Nearly 75% (n = 546) of walleye were caught in Section 1, but average length (381 ± 77 mm) and weight (664 ± 436 g) were greatest in Section 3 (Table 76).

95 Table 76. The number (n), mean total length (± standard deviation), and mean weight (± standard deviation) of fish caught by anglers at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents fish caught from January through August, excluding April.

Creel Section Species (origin) n Total Length (mm) n Weight (g) Section 1 Rainbow trout (h) 34 347 ± 67 32 552 ± 313 Burbot 2 517 ± 23 2 805 ± 120 Yellow perch 3 256 ± 31 3 247 ± 99 Walleye 546 374 ± 48 544 478 ± 237

Section 2 Rainbow trout (h) 295 380 ± 53 235 592 ± 227 Rainbow trout (w) 10 410 ± 74 7 470 ± 245 Rainbow trout total 312 381 ± 54 245 590 ± 230 Kokanee salmon (h) 2 394 ± 40 2 660 ± 14 Kokanee salmon (w) 10 475 ± 60 2 1,750 ± 354 Kokanee salmon total 12 462 ± 64 4 1,205 ± 662 Chinook salmon 1 406 1 650 Brown trout 1 561 1 1,220 Burbot 1 451 1 670 Smallmouth bass 12 224 ± 40 10 244 ± 75 Walleye 132 353 ± 70 66 475 ± 321

Section 3 Rainbow trout (h) 1,256 397 ± 56 749 735 ± 249 Rainbow trout (w) 58 479 ± 58 41 1,118 ± 375 Rainbow trout total 1,333 401 ± 58 791 755 ± 270 Kokanee salmon (h) 16 407 ± 74 12 852 ± 232 Kokanee salmon (w) 42 447 ± 73 30 1,130 ± 606 Kokanee salmon total 62 434 ± 74 42 1,051 ± 539 Chinook salmon 7 473 ± 53 3 1,317 ± 382 Smallmouth bass 126 260 ± 50 19 486 ± 435 Yellow perch 2 270 ± 0 0 Walleye 55 381 ± 77 16 664 ± 436

Lake Roosevelt Rainbow trout (h) 1,585 393 ± 56 1,016 696 ± 255 Rainbow trout (w) 68 469 ± 64 48 1,023 ± 425 Rainbow trout total 1,679 396 ± 59 1,068 711 ± 273 Kokanee salmon (h) 18 405 ± 70 14 824 ± 225 Kokanee salmon (w) 52 452 ± 71 32 1,169 ± 609 Kokanee salmon total 74 438 ± 73 46 1,064 ± 544 Chinook salmon 8 465 ± 55 4 1,150 ± 456 Brown trout 1 561 1 1,220 Burbot 3 495 ± 41 3 760 ± 115 Smallmouth bass 138 257 ± 50 29 402 ± 370 Yellow perch 5 262 ± 23 3 247 ± 99 Walleye 733 371 ± 56 626 482 ± 255

96 A total of 3,665 anglers interviewed reservoir wide responded to creel clerks with a target species. Rainbow trout (56.4%), walleye (19.7%) and kokanee salmon (9.6%) were the most frequently targeted species. Smallmouth bass (7.3%), Chinook salmon (0.1%), black crappie (0.1%), and yellow perch (<0.1%) and burbot (<0.1%) were also document as target species. In Section 1, rainbow trout and walleye were the only species targeted by anglers. Rainbow trout were targeted the most in the winter, whereas walleye were targeted most in the spring and summer. In Section 2, rainbow trout were targeted most in the winter and spring, while walleye were targeted most in the summer. Rainbow trout were the most targeted species during winter, spring, and summer.

Creel clerks surveyed 4,778 anglers that provided a ZIP code as a reference to the location of their residence. Anglers came from 32 Washington counties, 11 states other than Washington, and two Canadian provinces. Anglers visited Section 1 from six Washington counties and one other state. The majority of anglers came from Stevens (72.3%) and Spokane (24.9%), while only 0.6% of visiting anglers were from out of state. Anglers from 21 Washington counties and five other states visited Section 2. Most of the anglers resided in Spokane (48.7%) and Lincoln (30.2%). Out of state anglers comprised 4.1% of the anglers in Section 2. Anglers in Section 3 came from 29 Washington counties, ten other states, and two Canadian provinces. The majority of anglers resided in Grant (18.6%) and Spokane (13.1%) counties, while 12.5% traveled from King County in western Washington. Out of state anglers made up 2.8% and 0.4% came from Canada. Reservoir wide, the majority of anglers came from Spokane (22.2%), Grant (13.1%), and Lincoln (11.3%) counties. Anglers from counties in western Washington comprised 19.0%, while out of state and international visitors made up 2.8% and 0.3% of Lake Roosevelt anglers (Table 78; Figure 12).

97 Table 77. Number of anglers interviewed (n), and the percent of anglers targeting various fish species by quarter and section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Represents anglers interviewed from January through August, excluding April.

Rainbow Kokanee Chinook Smallmouth Black Yellow Quarter Section n Burbot Walleye Any trout salmon salmon bass crappie perch

Winter 1 87 80.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 19.5 0.0

2 273 88.6 0.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.8 1.1

3 537 80.8 17.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 1.3

Winter Totals 897 83.2 10.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.7 1.1

Spring 1 117 29.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 70.9 0.0

2 337 75.1 1.5 0.0 0.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 16.0 5.6

3 740 70.9 10.0 0.0 0.0 8.0 0.3 <0.1 3.0 7.8

Spring Totals 1,194 68.0 6.6 0.0 0.0 5.4 0.2 <0.1 13.3 6.4

Summer 1 168 8.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 91.7 0.0

2 542 38.9 4.2 0.6 0.1 2.8 0.0 0.0 50.6 3.0

3 854 32.8 17.8 0.1 0.0 21.7 0.1 <0.1 10.8 16.0

Summer Totals 1,564 32.3 11.2 0.3 0.0 12.8 0.1 <0.1 33.2 9.8

Grand Total 3,655 56.4 9.6 0.1 <0.1 7.3 0.1 <0.1 19.7 6.6

98 Table 78. Origin of residence (Washington county, State, or Canadian Province), and number and percent of anglers interviewed by creel section at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Section 1 n % Section 3 n % Stevens 261 72.3 Grant 615 18.6 Spokane 90 24.9 Spokane 433 13.1 Grant 2 0.6 King 413 12.5 Lincoln 2 0.6 Yakima 332 10.0 Okanogan 2 0.6 Okanogan 210 6.3 Walla Walla 2 0.6 Lincoln 207 6.2 Montana 2 0.6 Snohomish 177 5.3 Section 1 Total 361 Douglas 175 5.3 Pierce 111 3.3 Section 2 Ferry 107 3.2 Spokane 537 48.7 Kittitas 64 1.9 Lincoln 333 30.2 Benton 56 1.7 Stevens 79 7.2 Kitsap 40 1.2 Adams 18 1.6 Thurston 33 1.0 Benton 17 1.5 Chelan 25 0.8 Yakima 17 1.5 Franklin 25 0.8 Grant 11 1.0 Whatcom 23 0.7 Pend Oreille 11 1.0 Whitman 23 0.7 Kittitas 6 0.5 Island 21 0.6 King 5 0.5 Clark 20 0.6 Grays Harbor 4 0.4 Adams 19 0.6 Whatcom 4 0.4 Grays Harbor 18 0.5 Chelan 2 0.2 Clallam 16 0.5 Columbia 2 0.2 Skagit 15 0.5 Ferry 2 0.2 Walla Walla 13 0.4 Garfield 2 0.2 Stevens 12 0.4 Okanogan 2 0.2 Lewis 6 0.2 Snohomish 2 0.2 Jefferson 3 0.1 Thurston 2 0.2 Cowlitz 1 0.0 Walla Walla 2 0.2 Alaska 4 0.1 Whitman 0 0.0 Arizona 2 0.1 Idaho 31 2.8 California 9 0.3 Missouri 1 0.1 Florida 1 0.0 Montana 4 0.4 Idaho 41 1.2 Oregon 2 0.2 Montana 4 0.1 Wyoming 7 0.6 North Dakota 1 0.0 Section 2 Total 1,103 Oregon 20 0.6 South Dakota 1 0.0 Wyoming 4 0.1 Alberta, Canada 5 0.2 British Columbia, Canada 9 0.3 Section 3 Total 3,314

99

7% 19% 3% Western Washington out of state

11% 22% 9% Lake Roosevelt 13%

7%

Figure 12. Map of counties in Washington state and the percentage of anglers residing in various counties, western Washington, and out of state that traveled to fish at Lake Roosevelt (2004). Western Washington and eastern Washington counties are divided by a black border.

100 FWIN

Fall Walleye Index Netting (FWIN) surveys were conducted during the first week of November 2004 in coordination with WDFW. Surveys collected a total of 2,431 fish, of which 28.2% (n = 685) were walleye (Table 79). Smallmouth bass (n = 565) was the second most abundant species comprising 23.2% of the total catch. A large number of yellow perch (n = 389) were also collected; however the majority were young-of-year. Lake whitefish (n = 289) had a relative abundance of 11.9%. Walleye CPUE was 4.6 fish/net night, and mean KTL was 0.83. Walleye CPUE was highest in the middle reservoir (5.1 fish/net night; Table 79). More male walleye (58.3%) were collected than female walleye (41.0%). More walleye were collected in the middle of the reservoir than in the lower and upper sections (Figure 13). Tags were recovered from three net-pen origin rainbow trout.

10 9 8 7 Kokanee salmon 6 Rainbow trout 5 Smallmouth bass 4 Walleye Mean fish/net Mean 3 2 1 0 Upper Reservoir Middle Reservoir Lower Reservoir

Figure 13. Catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net) of kokanee salmon, rainbow trout, smallmouth bass, and walleye captured in the lower, middle, and upper reservoir during FWIN surveys on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

101 Table 79. Species, number (n), relative abundance (RA), condition factor (KTL), mean total length (TL), mean weight (Wt), and catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of fish species captured during FWIN sampling at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). (Standard deviation = SD) (Effort = 150 net nights)

Species n RA CPUE TL (SD) Wt (SD) KTL White sturgeon 3 0.12 0.02 567 (405) 2937 (3875) 1.53 Chiselmouth 1 0.04 0.01 305 273 0.96 Carp 7 0.29 0.05 415 (155) 1554 (1159) 1.65 Peamouth 9 0.37 0.06 331 (50) 384 (197) 0.98 Northern pikeminnow 28 1.15 0.19 346 (89) 517 (455) 0.99 Longnose sucker 91 3.74 0.61 349 (71) 577 (361) 1.16 Bridgelip sucker 1 0.04 0.01 268 206 1.07 Largescale sucker 107 4.40 0.71 531 (88) 1833 (635) 1.15 Yellow bullhead 1 0.04 0.01 280 300 1.37 Lake whitefish 289 11.89 1.93 493 (81) 1594 (714) 1.21 Rainbow trout 72 2.96 0.48 264 (132) 370 (459) 1.13 Kokanee salmon 11 0.45 0.07 364 (106) 670 (328) 1.05 Mountain whitefish 1 0.04 0.01 365 488 1.00 Eastern brook trout 1 0.04 0.01 326 287 0.83 Burbot 164 6.75 1.09 482 (49) 638 (205) 0.56 Pumpkinseed 1 0.04 0.01 175 128 2.39 Smallmouth bass 565 23.24 3.77 285 (54) 365 (231) 1.43 Black crappie 5 0.21 0.03 102 (12) 15 (5) 1.34 Yellow perch 389 16.00 2.59 129 (51) 42 (74) 1.02 Walleye 685 28.18 4.57 364 (83) 489 (588) 0.83 Grand Total 2431 100.00 16.21 334 (140) 598 (695) 1.07

102 Discussion

Limnology

Mean inflow and outflow in 2004 were the third lowest since 1994 (Table 80; Table 81). Lower flows created a higher than normal water retention time in 2004. The mean water retention time in 2004 was the fourth highest since 1994 (Table 82). Higher water retention times likely allowed water temperatures in 2004 to rise above the 1994 to 2004 mean (May to October) because of increased exposure to solar radiation. Mean water temperatures were the fourth highest since 1994 (Table 83). Higher water retention times and flows also contributed to the highest mean (May to October) Secchi within the 1994 to 2004 time frame in part due to slower water velocities which will not carry the same sediment load as higher velocity water (Table 84).

Particulate organic material tied to water clarity comprised a large portion of the total nitrogen in 2004 (about 40% of total nitrogen). The majority of total nitrogen was from nitrate. Mean total nitrogen from index locations during 2004 was slightly less than the overall 1997 to 2004 mean (Table 85). Like total nitrogen, a large portion of the total phosphorus originates from sestonic organic material (about 36% of total phosphorus). Mean total phosphorus from index stations in 2004 was the second lowest concentration within the 1997 to 2004 time period (Table 86). Lower flows and higher water retention times likely resulted in less particulate organic material being carried within the water column. Mean orthophosphorus in 2004 was very similar to the 1998 to 2004 mean and contributed to over half the total phosphorus in 2004 (Table 87). The dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus ratio in 2004 was the third lowest within the 1998 to 2004 (Table 88). However, the mean 2004 ratio still indicates strong phosphorus limitation being > 20:1 (Wetzel 2001).

Wetzel (2001) described phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations within the range of 0.3 to 4.5 mg/m3 as oligotrophic. Mean phytoplankton chlorophyll a trophic state index during 2004 was also in the oligotrophic range (Carlson and Simpson 1996). With nitrogen to phosphorus ratios suggesting phosphorus limitation and total phosphorus

103 concentrations (phosphorus trophic state index) generally indicating oligotrophic conditions, the low phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations appear to match the system. Mean phytoplankton chlorophyll a concentrations in 2004 were the second lowest with the 1997 to 2004 time frame (Table 89). Mean periphyton chlorophyll a concentrations were also lower than the 1997 to 2004 mean (Table 90). Mean annual Daphnia biomass during 2004 was within the range (1,464 to 8,515 µg/m3) of lower biomass means observed since 1997 (Table 91). Prior to 1997 Daphnia biomass means were considerably higher and ranged from 25,049 to 29,660 µg/m3. The large difference in Daphnia biomass between earlier and later years is unexplained. However, it could be related to a decline in productivity but sampling timing, sampling location, and technique need to be more closely investigated during those years to insure that the statistical sampling frame between those years is standardized.

Table 80. Annual mean inflow (m3/s), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Data from DART (2005).

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1997 4,294 1,913 365 2,305 10,067 1996 4,063 1,379 366 2,217 8,028 1999 3,704 1,001 364 1,770 6,366 2000 3,160 788 364 1,849 5,142 2002 3,102 1,336 364 1,504 6,858 1998 2,982 788 365 1,603 5,734 1995 2,832 712 365 1,583 4,712 2003 2,687 675 365 1,450 4,814 2004 2,664 631 366 1,586 4,318 1994 2,486 665 365 1,371 4,188 2001 2,118 456 365 1,144 3,786 Overall 3,099 1,209 4,014 1,144 10,067

104

Table 81. Annual mean outflow (m3/s), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Data from DART (2005).

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1997 4,186 1,486 365 1,475 8,362 1996 3,818 1,036 366 1,427 5,607 1999 3,608 773 365 1,249 5,233 2000 3,063 860 366 1,192 5,728 2002 2,980 1,169 365 680 6,737 1998 2,882 937 365 799 5,805 1995 2,716 786 365 926 4,786 2003 2,575 787 365 657 4,562 2004 2,544 690 366 748 4,466 1994 2,391 745 365 892 4,902 2001 1,963 610 365 592 3,591 Overall 2,975 1,122 4,018 592 8,362

Table 82. Annual mean water retention time (d), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Data from DART (2005).

Year Mean SD n Min Max 2001 60 27 365 22 170 1994 55 19 365 23 125 2003 54 21 365 25 193 2004 50 16 366 26 146 1995 47 15 365 25 111 1998 46 18 365 22 148 2002 45 20 364 19 149 2000 40 15 364 15 107 1996 33 14 366 13 85 1999 32 12 364 14 102 1997 30 13 365 9 83 Overall 45 20 4,014 9 193

105

Table 83. Annual mean temperature (°C), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Table created from May to October temperature profiles taken at pelagic index locations.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1998 17.2 3.9 815 4.7 26.4 1995 16.5 3.4 520 8.5 24.1 1994 16.0 4.1 309 7.4 26.3 2004 15.8 3.8 450 6.1 24.4 2003 15.8 3.9 443 6.4 24.1 2001 15.6 4.2 691 6.9 24.4 1997 15.4 3.4 679 8.3 23.9 2000 15.3 3.4 711 8.9 23.8 2002 15.2 3.6 443 7.3 22.3 1996 14.9 3.9 406 7.4 22.0 1999 14.7 3.3 832 8.1 23.4 Overall 15.7 3.8 6,299 4.7 26.4

Table 84. Annual mean Secchi disk depth (m), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004). Table created from May to October Secchi disk depths taken at pelagic index locations.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 2004 7.4 2.7 30 2.8 12.8 2003 7.0 2.4 28 3.5 11.0 1994 6.6 2.2 29 2.9 10.5 1998 6.5 2.3 55 2.0 11.0 2001 6.4 2.5 49 1.0 11.0 1995 6.3 2.4 36 2.4 12.0 1999 6.3 3.1 58 1.5 12.0 2002 6.1 2.9 29 1.0 13.0 2000 6.0 2.9 54 1.5 11.5 1996 5.3 3.1 40 0.5 12.2 1997 4.6 2.6 52 0.8 9.5 Overall 6.1 2.8 460 0.5 13.0

106 Table 85. Annual mean total nitrogen (mg/l), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1997 0.703 0.718 86 0.050 3.330 2001 0.388 0.335 32 0.036 1.437 2003 0.310 0.256 25 0.130 1.163 2000 0.309 0.194 57 0.119 0.898 2004 0.279 0.215 25 0.070 0.935 2002 0.272 0.218 25 0.045 0.961 1999 0.150 0.163 46 0.020 0.661 1998 0.122 0.184 98 0.007 0.716 Overall 0.332 0.439 394 0.007 3.330

Table 86. Annual mean total phosphorus (mg/l), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1997 0.024 0.023 76 0.015 0.136 2002 0.020 0.070 25 0.003 0.353 1998 0.019 0.018 88 0.003 0.079 2003 0.017 0.039 25 0.003 0.200 2000 0.014 0.016 57 0.003 0.105 2001 0.012 0.018 32 0.003 0.082 2004 0.011 0.008 25 0.003 0.047 1999 0.006 0.004 41 0.003 0.019 Overall 0.017 0.027 369 0.003 0.353

Table 87. Annual mean orthophosphorus (mg/l), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October.

Year Mean SD N Min Max 1997 . . 0 . . 1998 0.010 0.001 98 0.010 0.013 2001 0.008 0.014 32 0.001 0.060 1999 0.006 0.002 46 0.005 0.013 2004 0.006 0.007 25 0.002 0.041 2003 0.004 0.009 25 0.001 0.045 2002 0.003 0.007 25 0.001 0.036 2000 0.002 0.002 57 0.001 0.012 Overall 0.006 0.007 308 0.001 0.060

107

Table 88. Annual mean dissolved inorganic nitrogen to dissolved inorganic phosphorus, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data during January, May, July, September, and October.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1997 . . 0 . . 2002 103:1 151:1 25:1 22:1 637:1 2000 100:1 79:1 57:1 9:1 540:1 2003 80:1 84:1 25:1 4:1 323:1 2001 53:1 68:1 32:1 8:1 388:1 2004 38:1 41:1 25:1 10:1 158:1 1999 30:1 32:1 46:1 6:1 137:1 1998 14:1 18:1 98:1 3:1 74:1 Overall 51:1 75:1 308:1 3:1 637:1

Table 89. Annual mean phytoplankton chlorophyll a (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location data from May to October.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1998 2.5 1.7 198 0.411 10.7 1997 1.9 2.4 202 0.258 16.8 2000 1.8 3.0 134 0.005 22.5 1999 1.8 1.4 117 0.005 5.5 2001 1.4 1.3 289 0.005 7.1 2002 1.3 1.4 29 0.005 4.6 2004 0.9 1.1 60 0.005 5.4 2003 0.9 0.6 54 0.005 2.8 Overall 1.7 1.9 1,083 0.005 22.5

108 Table 90. Annual mean periphyton chlorophyll a (mg/m2), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from Lake Roosevelt, WA (1997-2004). Table created from pelagic index location (except Keller Ferry) data from May to October.

Year Mean SD n Min Max 1997 15.1 14.5 38 0.2 59.9 2000 14.0 12.8 41 0.6 54.2 1999 13.3 9.9 32 0.4 45.0 1998 9.7 6.9 54 0.7 29.6 2004 8.7 8.0 48 0.1 34.8 2002 7.5 7.7 16 0.9 30.2 2001 6.6 5.6 40 0.3 25.2 2003 2.0 1.7 48 0.0 8.5 Overall 9.4 9.9 317 0.0 59.9

Table 91. Mean Daphnia spp. biomass (µg/m3) collected from five index locations in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004).

1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Jan 55,075 2,050 1,435 97 172 33 1,971 2,433 6,402 953 Feb 1,350 1,985 68 29 11 5 313 Mar 1,625 347 10 59 16 0 3 327 Apr 2,950 158 40 200 19 9 May 475 438 55 58 612 28 131 705 190 539 1,236 Jun 22,875 47,788 1,335 180 1,228 414 203 5,923 Jul 35,725 31,800 66,010 7,663 9,065 2,977 3,328 18,114 4,690 10,057 10,168 Aug 147,200 71,825 39,775 60,937 3,877 7,436 8,432 21,825 Sep 15,400 78,425 37,150 9,245 2,754 9,937 3,890 9,776 Oct 13,925 15,675 64,567 5,764 1,941 8,876 2,661 5,289 7,941 8,996 7,055 Nov 11,600 1,522 4,584 8,245 Dec 50,035 3,764 2,505 2,704 7,393 Annual Mean 29,660 25,049 27,058 8,125 1,464 3,741 2,901 8,515 3,813 6,499 4,853

109 Fisheries Studies

Fisheries Surveys

Electrofishing relative abundance showed a substantial decrease in the number of kokanee salmon and largescale suckers collected throughout the year. Although kokanee salmon relative abundance decreased from 25% to 3%, the high relative abundance in 2003 was attributed to sampling coinciding with the spawning run. The abundance of largescale suckers collected during electrofishing surveys has decreased annually for the last four years, from 23% in 2000 to 7% in 2004, whereas the numbers of longnose and bridgelip suckers have remained fairly stable (Table 92). Smallmouth bass and yellow perch abundance have both shown increases over the last few years, with smallmouth bass increasing from 7% in 2001 to 23% in 2004, and yellow perch increasing from 3% in 2002 to 18% in 2004. It should be noted that the increase of yellow perch in relative abundance surveys the last two years may be attributed to an increased collection of young-of-year fish.

Electrofishing catch-per-unit-effort for largescale suckers has been decreasing steadily since 1999, from 6.22 fish/h to 2.86 fish/h in 2004 (Table 93). Kokanee salmon CPUE has fluctuated yearly with relative abundance increasing one year and decreasing the next, with a CPUE in 2004 of 1.36 fish/h. Smallmouth bass CPUE, which has been increasing since 2001, experienced a substantial increase in 2004 of 5.31 fish/h. Yellow perch also increased by 5.41 fish/h, and walleye CPUE increased from 5.66 to 8.84 fish/h.

In gill net surveys, smallmouth bass had the highest relative abundance at 25%, having increased from 12% the previous year. Yellow perch also increased in relative abundance, from 4% in 2003 to 6% in 2004. Longnose sucker relative abundance was the highest seen for that species at 14%. Lake whitefish, in contrast, demonstrated the lowest relative abundance from 52% in 1996 to 15% in 2004. Walleye also had the lowest relative abundance seen in gill net surveys since 1998, with a relative abundance of 19% (Table 94).

110 Smallmouth bass had the highest CPUE in gill net surveys at 0.14 fish/h, increasing from 0.05 fish/h in 2003 (Table 95). Longnose suckers also increased from 0.04 to 0.08 fish/h. Burbot CPUE increased from 0.03 fish/h in 2001 to 0.07 fish/h in 2004. Yellow perch (CPUE = 0.03) also showed an increase from 0.01 in 2002. Walleye experienced a decrease in CPUE from 0.13 to 0.11 fish/h and lake whitefish decreased from 0.11 to 0.08 fish/h.

Table 92. Summary of the percent relative abundance of fish species collected via boat electrofishing in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994-2004).

Species 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 White sturgeon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chiselmouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 Carp 1 2 <1 7 1 <1 0 0 0 0 1 Peamouth 0 0 0 <1 <1 0 0 0 0 1 1 Northern pikeminnow 4 2 1 2 <1 <1 1 2 2 1 2 Redside shiner <1 <1 0 <1 0 0 1 <1 0 0 0 Tench <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 Longnose sucker 2 <1 0 <1 <1 1 2 1 2 <1 2 Bridgelip sucker <1 <1 0 <1 <1 <1 0 <1 1 0 <1 Largescale sucker 36 30 2 52 28 23 23 18 16 12 7 Unidentified sucker 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 Yellow bullhead <1 <1 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 <1 0 Lake whitefish <1 <1 2 <1 <1 1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 Cutthroat trout 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rainbow trout 7 5 14 5 12 21 20 22 22 14 14 Kokanee salmon 4 22 13 1 8 11 4 16 6 25 3 Chinook salmon <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 <1 0 Mountain whitefish <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 1 1 <1 <1 Brown trout <1 <1 2 <1 <1 2 <1 1 1 1 1 Bull trout <1 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eastern brook trout <1 <1 3 <1 <1 2 <1 2 1 1 <1 Burbot <1 <1 3 4 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 Cottidae spp. 16 6 <1 2 6 0 <1 1 <1 2 1 Pumpkinseed 2 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 Smallmouth bass 8 10 9 9 6 7 9 7 10 14 23 Largemouth bass 0 0 <1 <1 <1 0 1 1 0 0 <1 Black crappie <1 <1 <1 0 <1 <1 1 1 <1 1 2 Yellow perch 12 7 2 3 <1 <1 3 4 3 6 18 Walleye 7 11 48 12 34 25 30 20 31 21 22

111 Table 93. Total effort and catch per unit effort (fish/h) of fish collected via boat electrofishing in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1995-2004).

Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Effort (h) 118 32.2 34.3 41.5 40.7 41 41.1 34.2 38.7 39.8 White sturgeon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Chiselmouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.02 0 0 0 Carp 1.75 0.09 8.46 2 0.10 0 0 0 0 0.53 Peamouth 0 0 0.03 0.02 0 0 0 0 0.23 0.25 Northern pikeminnow 1.81 0.28 2.42 1.37 0.20 0.29 0.46 0.73 0.21 0.78 Tench 0 0.09 0.06 0.12 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.06 0 0.05 Redside shiner 0.01 0 0.35 0 0 0.17 0.05 0 0 0 Longnose sucker 0.21 0 0.32 0.82 0.34 0.49 0.32 0.73 0.10 0.75 Bridgelip sucker 0.70 0 0.32 0.05 0.05 0 0.12 0.23 0 0.03 Largescale sucker 22.70 0.50 59.21 44.59 6.22 5.98 5.13 4.94 3.19 2.86 Yellow bullhead 0.05 0 0 0 0 0.10 0 0 0.03 0 Lake whitefish 0.34 0.47 0.93 0.68 0.37 0.12 0.02 0.06 0.21 0.38 Rainbow trout 3.88 3.91 5.19 19.85 5.73 5.07 6.08 6.81 3.76 5.45 Kokanee salmon 17.01 3.66 1.66 12.54 2.92 1.14 4.52 1.96 6.69 1.36 Chinook salmon 0.02 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.23 0.03 0 Mountain whitefish 0.08 0.06 0.12 0.17 0.12 0.22 0.36 0.41 0.10 0.15 Brown trout 0.31 0.47 0.47 0.41 0.59 0.10 0.39 0.26 0.21 0.23 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eastern Brook trout 0.18 0.71 0.23 1.37 0.54 0.12 0.44 0.26 0.28 0.10 Burbot 0.26 0.93 4.06 3.04 0.84 0.73 0.39 0.35 0.28 0.38 Cottidae spp. 4.73 0.06 2.07 9.82 0 0.02 0.15 0.09 0.49 0.40 Pumpkinseed 0 0 0.20 0 0 0 0 0.03 0 0 Smallmouth bass 7.96 2.54 9.83 9.04 1.87 2.49 2.02 2.89 3.78 9.09 Largemouth bass 0 0.03 0.03 0.05 0 0.17 0.17 0 0 0.03 Black crappie 0.08 0.03 0 0.17 0.02 0.22 0.24 0.06 0.28 0.85 Yellow perch 5.45 0.47 3.59 0.17 0.02 0.85 1.09 0.82 1.49 6.90 Walleye 8.74 13.31 13.31 55.01 6.68 8.03 5.62 9.39 5.66 8.84 Totals 76.4 27.7 113 162 26.9 26.5 27.7 30.3 27.0 39.4

112 Table 94. Summary of the percent relative abundance of fish species collected via horizontal and vertical gill nets combined in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1994- 2004).

Species 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 White sturgeon 0 0 0 0 <1 <1 <1 <1 <1 0 0 Chiselmouth 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 Carp 1 0 1 <1 <1 0 0 <1 0 0 <1 Peamouth 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 1 <1 <1 Northern pikeminnow 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 3 1 Redside shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tench 0 <1 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 <1 Longnose sucker 1 2 1 4 5 11 13 9 7 9 14 Bridgelip sucker 0 3 <1 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Largescale sucker 15 4 5 9 3 <1 2 1 1 2 2 Unidentified sucker 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Yellow bullhead 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 Lake whitefish 40 46 52 37 40 43 36 27 31 26 15 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rainbow trout 2 4 6 <1 6 <1 3 4 2 3 2 Kokanee salmon 1 5 5 <1 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 Chinook salmon 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mountain whitefish 0 <1 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 Brown trout 0 <1 0 <1 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 Bull trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eastern brook trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Burbot 4 4 10 13 9 13 13 9 12 11 12 Cottidae spp. 0 0 0 0 0 <1 0 0 0 0 0 Pumpkinseed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smallmouth bass 6 3 0 3 12 4 7 12 4 12 25 Largemouth bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black crappie <1 0 0 <1 0 <1 0 <1 0 0 <1 Yellow perch 10 7 3 3 2 2 1 3 3 4 6 Walleye 19 18 14 27 19 20 25 28 33 29 19

113 Table 95. Effort (h) and catch-per-unit-effort (fish/h) for fish collected via horizontal and vertical gill nets combined in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1995-2004).

Years 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Effort (h) 2,099.0 1738.6 1,689.2 2,624.4 2,211.1 2,082.5 1,799.44 1,816.3 2,124.2 2086.5 White sturgeon 0 0 0 < 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0 <0.01 Carp 0.03 <0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 0 0 <0.01 0 0 0 Peamouth 0 0 < 0.01 0 0 0 0 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 Northern pikeminnow 0.03 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Redside shiner 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tench < 0.01 0 0 < 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 <0.01 Longnose sucker 0.03 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.08 Bridgelip sucker 0.05 < 0.01 < 0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Largescale sucker 0.06 0.01 0.03 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 <0.01 0.01 0.01 Yellow bullhead 0 <0.01 0 0 0 0 0 0 <0.01 0 Lake whitefish 0.68 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.08 0.02 0.10 0.11 0.08 Rainbow trout 0.06 0.01 < 0.01 0.02 <0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 Kokanee salmon 0.07 <0.01 < 0.01 < 0.01 <0.01 <0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.01 Chinook salmon 0 0 0 0 <0.01 0 0 0 0 0 Mountain whitefish 0 0 0 0 <0.01 0.02 0.01 0 0 0 Brown trout < 0.01 0 < 0.01 0 0 0 <0.01 0 0 0 Bull trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Eastern brook trout 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Burbot 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 Cottidae spp. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pumpkinseed 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Smallmouth bass 0.04 <0.01 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.01 0.05 0.14 Largemouth bass 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black crappie 0 0 < 0.01 0 <0.01 0 <0.01 0 0 <0.01 Yellow perch 0.10 0.01 0.01 0 <0.01 0 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 Walleye 0.26 0.03 0.10 0.07 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.13 0.11 Totals 1.47 0.20 0.35 0.37 0.26 0.29 0.37 0.33 0.44 0.55

Age and Growth

An increase in mean KTL was observed for wild rainbow trout, wild kokanee salmon, mountain whitefish, largescale sucker, and small mouth bass (Table 96; Table 97). All

other species collected showed reduced condition. Although hatchery KTL decreased, condition was higher or equal to that reported in other area lakes in previous years. Hatchery kokanee condition was the lowest since 1999, however only 32 fish were

114 collected. Northern pikeminnow KTL was the lowest since 2000, while longnose sucker and walleye was the lowest in the seven years of record (Table 97). Walleye condition decreased only slightly, but remained substantially below that reported for other eastern

Washington lakes (Table 97). While KTL of other piscivorous species decreased, condition of smallmouth bass showed a slight increase; although it was substantially lower than observed in 2002 and 2001(Table 97).

Walleye otoliths were used to determine length at age. Scale analysis was used to age walleye in previous years, however when scale age was compared to otolith age it was apparent that age was underestimated using scale analysis (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). Walleye collected during FWIN sampling were aged from zero to 19 years (Table 98). Age 12, 14, 17 and 18 were missing from the sample. From this data, walleye growth appears rather erratic and variable among age classes. Female walleye showed greater total length at age and had a more uniform growth pattern than male fish (Table 98; Figure 14).

115 Table 96. Comparison of Salmonidae KTL (± SD) collected at Lake Roosevelt (FDR), WA and other eastern Washington lakes and reservoirs (1998-2004).

Species and Location n KTL Species and Location n KTL Lake whitefish Kokanee salmon (Wild) FDR 2004 191 1.23 ± 0.24 FDR 2004 11 1.08 ± 0.25 FDR 2003 251 1.24 ± 0.23 FDR 2003 11 1.04 ± 0.13 FDR 2002 186 1.28 ± 0.29 FDR 2002 11 106 ± 0.13 FDR 2001 180 1.10 ± 0.17 FDR 2001 28 1.21 ± 0.22 FDR 2000 165 1.24 ± 0.94 FDR 2000 9 1.19 ± 0.39 FDR 1999 264 1.27 ± 0.23 FDR 1999 9 1.13 ± 0.19 FDR 1998 418 1.26 ± 0.27 Mountain whitefish Rainbow trout (Hatchery) FDR 2004 6 1.11± 0.16 FDR 2004 162 1.14 ± 0.16 FDR 2003 4 0.96 ± 0.10 FDR 2003 127 1.17 ± 0.21 FDR 2002 14 1.01 ± 0.26 FDR 2002 137 1.19 ± 0.23 FDR 2001 41 1.02 ± 0.23 FDR 2001 135 1.14 ± 0.16 FDR 2000 60 1.07 ± 0.24 FDR 2000 132 1.13 ± 0.29 FDR 1999 14 1.16 ± 0.33 FDR 1999 59 1.13 ± 0.27 FDR 1998 18 1.13 ± 0.20 FDR 1998 154 1.39 ± 0.25 FDR 1997 4 0.91 ± 0.14 Rock Lake, WA1 266 0.98 ± 0.20 Sprague Lake, WA2 86 1.14 ± 0.16 Brown trout Deer Lake, WA3 1.07 FDR 2004 9 1.04 ± 0.14 FDR 2003 8 1.21 ± 0.47 Rainbow trout (Wild) FDR 2002 6 1.00 ± 0.06 FDR 2004 76 1.04 ± 0.13 FDR 2001 9 1.02 ± 0.09 FDR 2003 44 1.02 ± 0.17 FDR 2000 4 1.09 ± 0.11 FDR 2002 19 1.10 ± 0.33 FDR 1999 20 1.14 ± 0.40 FDR 2001 31 1.28 ± 0.43 FDR 1998 5 1.15 ± 0.17 FDR 2000 26 0.98 ± 0.24 Rock Lake, WA1 593 0.89 ± 0.14 FDR 1999 20 1.00 ± 0.25 Box Canyon Res., WA4 0.9 FDR 1998 50 1.25 ± 0.30 Eastern brook trout Kokanee salmon (Hatchery) FDR 2004 4 1.08 ± 0.12 FDR 2004 32 1.10 ± 0.15 FDR 2003 11 1.25 ± 0.49 FDR 2003 256 1.17 ± 0.14 FDR 2002 7 1.33 ± 0.41 FDR 2002 59 1.15 ± 0.20 FDR 2001 15 1.19 ± 0.13 FDR 2001 5 1.15 ± 0.04 FDR 2000 5 0.93 ± 0.14 FDR 2000 24 1.17 ± 0.24 FDR 1999 17 1.02 ± 0.26 FDR 1999 67 1.08 ± 0.26 FDR 1998 7 0.84 ± 0.11 1McLellan 2000 2Taylor 2000 3Scholz et al. 1988 4Barber et al. 1990

116 Table 97. Comparison of non-Salmonidae KTL (± SD) collected at Lake Roosevelt (FDR), WA and other eastern Washington lakes and reservoirs (1998- 2004).

Species and Location n KTL Species and Location n KTL Northern pikeminnow Smallmouth bass FDR 2004 46 0.92 ± 0.22 FDR 2004 649 1.36 ± 0.21 FDR 2003 33 1.06 ± 0.42 FDR 2003 258 1.35 ± 0.24 FDR 2002 40 1.06 ± 0.49 FDR 2002 119 1.43 ± 0.83 FDR 2001 28 1.00 ± 0.30 FDR 2001 160 1.85 ± 0.74 FDR 2000 16 0.89 ± 0.17 FDR 2000 142 1.39 ± 0.40 FDR 1999 14 1.12 ± 0.29 FDR 1999 99 1.34 ± 0.16 FDR 1998 58 1.09 ± 0.21 FDR 1998 239 1.54 ± 0.56

Longnose sucker Yellow perch FDR 2004 190 1.16 ± 0.17 FDR 2004 314 1.14 ± 0.30 FDR 2003 89 1.35 ± 0.29 FDR 2003 93 1.18 ± 0.25 FDR 2002 67 1.35 ± 0.28 FDR 2002 49 1.38 ± 0.50 FDR 2001 74 1.10 ± 0.16 FDR 2001 67 1.97 ± 0.93 FDR 2000 94 1.25 ± 0.30 FDR 2000 43 1.22 ± 0.53 FDR 1999 80 1.29 ± 0.33 FDR 1999 22 1.24 ± 0.22 FDR 1998 75 1.28 ± 0.42 FDR 1998 28 1.43 ± 0.25

Largescale sucker Walleye FDR 2004 138 1.08 ± 0.14 FDR 2004 572 0.80 ± 0.16 FDR 2003 143 1.05 ± 0.45 FDR 2003 488 0.81 ± 0.17 FDR 2002 175 1.19 ± 0.39 FDR 2002 522 0.89 ± 0.23 FDR 2001 220 1.01 ± 0.17 FDR 2001 409 0.88 ± 0.17 FDR 2000 259 0.98 ± 0.21 FDR 2000 473 0.83 ± 0.21 FDR 1999 255 1.14 ± 0.18 FDR 1999 388 0.81 ± 0.17 FDR 1998 278 1.08 ± 0.20 FDR 1998 737 1.00 ± 0.22 Rock Lake, WA1 320 1.17 ± 0.26 Banks Lake, WA3 319 0.89 ± 0.15 , WA2 0.99 Sprague Lake, WA4 655 1.02 ± 0.47 Moses Lake, WA5 372 0.90 ± 0.15 Burbot FDR 2004 152 0.57 ± 0.10 FDR 2003 111 0.63 ± 0.15 FDR 2002 84 0.57 ± 0.12 FDR 2001 73 0.50 ± 0.11 FDR 2000 105 0.53 ± 0.14 FDR 1999 110 0.56 ± 0.12 FDR 1998 168 0.57 ± 0.16 1McLellan 2000 2Scholz et al. 1988 3Polacek, M. WDFW 2002 unpublished data 4Taylor 2000 5Burgess, D. WDFW 1999 unpublished data

117 Table 98. Age, number collected and mean total length (± SD) of male and female walleye collected during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Male Female Age n Mean TL (mm) n Mean TL (mm) 0 12 216 ± 30 5 192 ± 27 1 99 307 ± 30 87 315 ± 27 2 93 366 ± 30 70 365 ± 27 3 147 378 ± 40 89 393 ± 45 4 13 376 ± 68 6 488 ± 89 5 1 418 2 301 ± 13 6 12 438 ± 61 7 517 ± 135 7 6 324 ± 55 6 544 ± 173 8 2 379 ± 192 3 604 ± 240 9 3 467 ± 153 2 778 ± 24 10 1 603 1 263 11 1 714 13 1 610 15 3 647 ± 81 1 795 16 2 699 ± 125 19 2 615 ± 92

1000 Male 900 800 n = 397 700 Female 600 n = 373 500 400 Linear (Male) 300 y = 22.647x + 278.02 200 R2 = 0.8234

Mean Total Length (mm) Length Total Mean 100 Linear (Female) 0 y = 34.345x + 268.17 2 0 5 10 15 20 R = 0.5637 Age

Figure 14. Linear regression of age at total length of male and female walleye collected during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

118 Diet

Across all species, Cladocera and Salmonidae were the two most important diet items for fish in the reservoir, with Ria values of 53.6 and 5.8, respectively. Fish were important to the diet of many species with an overall Ria value of 22.6. Since 2001, burbot have been found to utilize Percidae in their diet, with Ria values reaching 68.0 in 2004 (Table 99). With the exception of 2003, Cottidae spp. have been the most important fish species in the diet of smallmouth bass, and Osteichthyes have had Ria values ranging from 52.7 to 56.9 in walleye (with the exception of 2002 studies in which only two walleye stomachs were analyzed).

Dependence on daphnia as a food item contributed to the high diet overlap among both hatchery and wild origin rainbow trout and kokanee salmon (from 0.84 to 1.00). Daphnia have been found to be the main component in the diets of rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, eastern brook trout, black crappie, and yellow perch. This has led to the high diet overlap seen between these species throughout the years. Although northern pikeminnow, mountain whitefish, brown trout, and burbot stomachs were not found to contain daphnia in 2004, it has been an important item in their diet in previous studies.

119 Table 99. Relative importance values of Osteichthyes in the diets of burbot, smallmouth bass, and walleye since 2000 in Lake Roosevelt, WA. (2000-2004).

Species Burbot Smallmouth bass Walleye Year 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Stomachs (n) 15 5 0 5 10 50 44 0 63 112 133 113 2 107 135 Catostomidae - 3.37 7.18 - 0.62 0.24 3.43 1.04 1.99 Centrarchidae - - 1.02 0.23 1.77 0.88 0.95 Cottidae 18.41 17.12 - 14.65 26.96 15.41 - 15.35 25.52 10.07 14.03 47.52 17.97 11.40 Cyprinidae 19.56 - 8.43 - 4.75 0.27 0.99 Percidae 13.13 29.69 - 36.20 68.04 3.22 2.16 - 17.92 3.37 1.67 4.61 7.70 8.18 Salmonidae 19.72 20.51 - 5.32 - 1.53 6.07 23.96 27.65 11.66 14.09 Non-salmonidae 14.26 4.96 2.60 12.62 17.67 16.47 Unidentified Osteichthyes 12.86 13.12 - 15.72 - 0.88 0.63 16.25 4.51 52.48 1.67

120 Tagging Studies

Since 1988, rainbow trout released into Lake Roosevelt have been Floy® tagged in an attempt to monitor movement, stock performance, growth and recruitment to the fishery. Entrainment information has also been collected, although never directly monitored, and has been negatively correlated to water residence time in Lake Roosevelt (Cichosz et al. 1999; McLellan et al. 2001). Occasionally tags are returned from locations below Grand Coulee Dam, but the lack of concentrated effort has limited our ability to quantify the entrainment of hatchery fish out of the reservoir. Despite the limitation in data, tag recoveries below Grand Coulee Dam appear to increase when water retention time in the reservoir decreases, thus supporting the argument that in high water years fish are flushed from Lake Roosevelt (Figure 15).

Phalon Lake release year return rates were the lowest seen since releases began in 2000. The low recovery rate has been attributed to the fish being released in September, which limited the time they had to recruit to the fishery in 2004. This supported by the fact that there were a total of 60 Phalon Lake redband trout tags recovered from fish released in 2003. Two of the tags recovered by anglers from Phalon Lake redbands were from fish released in 1999. The highest recovery rate of Phalon Lake origin fish (0.8%) was in 2000 (Table 100).

Seven Bays released Spokane stock diploids had a much higher rate of return than their triploid counterparts released in 2004 (3.1 and 0.9%, respectively). Kettle Falls had slightly more diploid (1.1%) than triploid (0.57%) tags recovered (Table 101). Keller Ferry recoveries were opposite, with tagged and released triploids (2.2%) having a higher recovery rate than the diploids (0.9%; Table 101).

121 160

1997

140

120

100 y = -2.8165x + 156.24 R2 = 0.5275 80

60

40 2004 Tag Recoveries (n) Below Grand Coulee Dam Coulee Grand (n) Below Tag Recoveries

20

2001 0 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 Water Retention Time (d)

Figure 15. Tag recoveries from below Grand Coulee Dam compared to monthly mean water retention time (d) in Lake Roosevelt, WA (1990-2004).

Table 100. Overall release year recovery rates for rainbow trout tagged and released in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2000-2004).

Year Stock/Ploidy 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Phalon Lake stock 0.06 0.33 - 0.25 0.78 Spokane stock diploid 1.69 2.81 0.79 2.22 2.07 Spokane stock triploid 1.19 2.22 - - - Troutlodge triploid - - 0.16 1.22 0.04 Troutlodge triploid * - 17.06 - 12.44 - * Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean total length of 381 mm and a mean weight of 798 g.

122 Table 101. Tag location, stock/ploidy, and total recovery rate by release year in Lake Roosevelt, WA.

Year Location Stock 2003 2002 2001 2000 Kettle Falls Phalon Lake stock 0.33 - 0.25 0.78 Spokane stock diploid 2.58 0.94 1.41 1.38 Spokane stock triploid 1.82 - - - Troutlodge triploid - 0.16 - - Troutlodge triploid * 7.89 - 13.69 -

Seven Bays Spokane stock diploid 3.79 0.63 2.75 2.76 Spokane stock triploid 2.72 - - - Troutlodge triploid - - 1.22 0.04 Troutlodge triploid * 16.21 - - -

Fort Spokane Spokane stock diploid - - - - Spokane stock triploid - - - - Troutlodge triploid - - - - Troutlodge triploid * - - 13.6 -

Keller Ferry Spokane stock diploid 1.94 - - - Spokane stock triploid 2.18 - - - Troutlodge triploid - - - - Troutlodge triploid * 24.01 - 8.8 - * Advanced sized Troutlodge triploids had a reported mean total length of 381 mm and a mean weight of 798 g.

Test Fishery

The January Test Fishery in 2004 was more productive than previous years. Although effort decreased substantially, CPUE (0.89) was higher than that of the three previous years combined (Table 102). As has been noted, hydro-operations and associated water elevation fluctuations likely influence the success of the test fishery and account for much of the variation seen in the catch rates, as well as a variation in age composition, abundance, and growth of fish in Lake Roosevelt. During creel surveys, anglers often express that fishing success diminishes during elevation fluctuations and picks back up as water levels stabilize.

123 Wild origin kokanee salmon (n = 20) collected in the test fishery exhibited a decrease in

KTL from previous surveys. Only one hatchery kokanee salmon was caught, with a length of 310 mm weight of 310 g, and a KTL of 1.04 (Table 102).

Two hundred ninety-seven hatchery rainbow trout were captured (CPUE = 0.82) which is a substantial increase from previous years. Three rainbow trout collected were classified as wild origin (Table 102). This can be difficult to determine, though, as hatchery rainbow trout are not currently marked before release into Lake Roosevelt.

124 Table 102. Number (n), origin, relative abundance (RA), catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE; fish/rod-h), mean total length ± standard deviation (TL), mean weight ± standard deviation (Wt), and condition factor ± standard deviation (KTL) of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout harvested during the January Test Fishery at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2001-2004).

Year Species Origin n RA CPUE TL (mm) Wt (g) KTL 2004 (Effort = 361.3 rod-h) Kokanee salmon hatchery 1 0.3% <0.01 310 310 1.04 wild 20 6.2% 0.06 409 ± 59 680 ± 251 0.97 ±0.09 Total 21 6.5% 0.06 405 ± 62 663 ± 258 0.97 ±0.09

Rainbow trout hatchery 297 92.5% 0.82 384 ± 26 629 ± 130 1.10 ± 0.11 wild 3 0.9% 0.01 369 ± 17 627 ± 6 1.16 ± 0.05 Total 300 93.5% 0.83 384 ± 26 629 ± 129 1.10 ± 0.11 Grand Total 321 0.89 386 ± 31 632 ± 145 1.09 ± 0.12

2003 (Effort = 610.8 rod-h) Kokanee salmon hatchery 2 2.2% <0.01 389 ± 183 724 ± 815 0.89 ± 0.06 wild 9 9.7% 0.01 452 ± 85 1161 ± 464 1.26 ± 0.38 Total 11 11.8% 0.02 441 ± 99 1082 ± 520 1.19 ± 0.37

Rainbow trout hatchery 75 80.6% 0.12 418 ± 48 820 ± 305 1.09 ± 0.14 wild 7 7.55 0.01 476 ± 47 1115 ± 394 1.02 ± 0.13 Total 82 88.2% 0.13 423 ± 51 842 ± 319 1.09 ± 0.14 Grand Total 93 0.15 425 ± 58 870 ± 354 1.10 ± 0.18

2002 (Effort = 617.4 rod-h) Kokanee salmon hatchery 8 2.8% 0.01 316 ± 13 336 ± 88 1.05 ± 0.18 wild 61 21.7% 0.10 470 ± 64 1087 ± 389 1.02 ± 0.18 Total 69 24.6% 0.11 452 ± 78 1000 ± 439 1.03 ± 0.18

Rainbow trout hatchery 182 64.8% 0.29 396 ± 48 737 ± 252 1.18 ± 0.34 wild 18 6.4% 0.03 437 ± 58 974 ± 289 1.18 ± 0.31 unknown 12 4.3% 0.02 419 ± 86 763 ± 371 1.01 ± 0.12 Total 212 75.4% 0.34 400 ± 51 759 ± 263 1.17 ± 0.33 Grand Total 281 0.46 413 ± 63 823 ± 338 1.13 ± 0.31

2001 (Effort = 483.3 rod-h) Kokanee salmon wild 58 35.2% 0.12 440 ± 55 1024 ± 309 1.20 ± 0.25

Rainbow trout unknown 107 64.8% 0.22 401 ± 48 817 ± 516 1.29 ± 1.15 Grand Total 165 0.34 415 ± 54 890 ± 464 1.26 ± 0.94

2000 (Effort = 403.0 rod-h) Kokanee salmon unknown 46 31.3% 0.11 n/a n/a n/a

Rainbow trout unknown 101 68.7% 0.25 n/a n/a n/a Grand Total 147 0.36 n/a n/a n/a 1999 (Effort = 333.3 rod-h) Kokanee salmon hatchery 3 1.3% 0.01 n/a n/a n/a wild 58 25.8% 0.17 n/a n/a n/a Total 61 27.1% 0.18 n/a n/a n/a

Rainbow trout hatchery 164 72.9% 0.49 n/a n/a n/a Grand Total 225 0.68 n/a n/a n/a

125 Two Rivers Trout Derby

The Two Rivers Trout Derby has become has important tool for evaluating the summer rainbow trout and kokanee salmon fishery since it began in 2000. Fewer teams were registered for the 2004 derby, and fewer fish were harvested by anglers than in 2003 (n = 1,091; Table 103). Hatchery origin fish (92%) comprised a smaller percent of the catch than in 2003 (97%; Table 103). Rainbow trout comprised more of the total harvest in 2004 (93%) than the three previous years, while kokanee salmon only made up 7.1% of the total catch. In 2004 there were only 53 hatchery kokanee salmon harvested by anglers, much lower than the 338 harvested in 2003. The number of wild kokanee salmon harvested has been decreasing yearly, from a high of 10.8% (n = 99) in 2001 (Table 103). The Two Rivers Trout Derby provides an opportunity to collect data from a large number of anglers specifically targeting species that are being supplemented by the artificial production program on Lake Roosevelt. Although hydro operations vary annually and affect the fishery, this opportunity should serve as an index to monitor the hatchery contribution to the fishery during the summer as long as angling pressure and derby dates remain comparable.

Table 103. Number of teams registered, number (n), and percent relative abundance (RA) of kokanee salmon and rainbow trout of hatchery and wild origin harvested each year during the Two Rivers Trout Derby at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2000-2004).

Year 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 (120 teams) (128 teams) (128 teams) (108 teams) (44 teams) Species/Origin n RA n RA 128 RA n RA n RA Rainbow trout hatchery 949 87.0% 1,626 79.9% 447 73.4% 729 79.4% - - wild 65 6.0% 42 2.1% 82 13.5% 0 0.0 - - Total 1,014 92.9% 1,668 82.0% 529 86.9% 729 79.4% 405 95.3%

Kokanee salmon hatchery 53 4.9% 338 16.6% 50 8.2% 88 9.6% - - wild 24 2.2% 28 1.4% 30 4.9% 99 10.8% - - Total 77 7.1% 366 18.0% 80 13.1% 189 20.6% 20 4.7% Grand total 1,091 2,034 609 918 425

126 Creel Survey

This report of the current creel survey only included the seven months (January through August, excluding April) in which the creel protocols were consistent with previous years. However, surveys since 1999 were conducted for nine months (January through October, excluding April). The values from previous reports were adjusted to include only the seven months included in the current creel survey for comparison.

Angler pressure (1,658,334 h) was the second highest in five years increasing from 2003 (Table 104). As a result, the estimated economic value ($9.73 million) was the second highest in the same five years (Table 104). As with 2003, reservoir wide angler pressure was highest in June (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). This peak in angler pressure was not associated with walleye anglers in Section 2 as in 2003 (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005), but rather a large increase in the angler base in Section 3, the majority of which were targeting rainbow trout and smallmouth bass.

Rainbow trout, smallmouth bass, and walleye estimated catch was the highest in five years, while kokanee salmon was the second highest (Table 104). Rainbow trout and smallmouth bass estimated harvest was also the highest in five years, while kokanee salmon and walleye were the second highest (Table 104). Angler success is possibly related to increased fish density in the lake resulting from favorable hydro-operations (above average water retention time and minimal spring drawdown) in recent years.

Rainbow trout and kokanee salmon CPUE nearly doubled, while smallmouth bass CPUE increased by three times the values of 2003 (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). Similar trends were seen in HPUE for the same species. Additionally kokanee salmon HPUE tripled from 2003 (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). This may be the result of increased kokanee salmon size and angler satisfaction, leading to harvest.

Black crappie and yellow perch were new to the list of target species that were not reported in 2003 (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). An increase was seen in the percent of anglers targeting rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, and smallmouth bass from 2003 (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). A substantial decrease was observed in the percentage of

127 anglers targeting “any” species. This is likely a result of creel clerks being urged to be more assertive with the question of target species.

The angler base visiting Lake Roosevelt has continued to diversify and broaden. The number of anglers interviewed has increased from previous years as creel clerks become more efficient at the interview process. Anglers visited from more Washington counties and states other than Washington than in past years (Lee et al. 2004; Scofield et al. 2004; Fields et al. 2005; Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005). Additionally, the number of anglers visiting from western Washington increased substantially over the past five years (Figure 16). Anglers residing in King County (8.7%) made up the fourth most anglers from any one Washington county reservoir wide (Figure 12). As in previous years the majority of anglers visiting Section 1 were from Stevens County and the majority of anglers in Section 2 resided in Spokane County. Similar to 2003, anglers from Grant and Spokane counties were the most frequent visitors to Section 3; however anglers from King County in western Washington were the third most frequent visitors and made up 12.5% of the anglers in Section 3 (Pavlik-Kunkel et al. 2005).

The angler base at Lake Roosevelt continues to expand as word spreads of the successful fishery that has been established. We believe the economic value of the fishery has been vastly underestimated in recent years. Lake Roosevelt continues to be a destination fishery and anglers travel great distances for angling opportunities. The percent of anglers visiting from western Washington has increased substantially in recent years (Figure 16). However, the cost per angler trip does not take into account the increasing number of anglers traveling great distances to visit Lake Roosevelt. According to the estimated cost per angler trip of $28.80 and a mean party size of just over two anglers, the average fishing trip would be estimated at approximately $58.00. With 19% of anglers traveling from western Washington traveling more than 200 miles one way, the price of gas just to reach Lake Roosevelt would nearly equal the estimated cost per trip, without taking into account boat gas, food, lodging and fishing gear. Even anglers visiting from nearby Spokane County travel more than 100 miles roundtrip. Because Lake Roosevelt is located a fair distance from the residential counties of visiting anglers, we believe the price to fish at Lake Roosevelt is higher than the average cost to angle at

128 other Washington waters. Future efforts should be incorporated to assess economic value of the Lake Roosevelt fishery.

129 Table 104. Economic value of the fishery, estimated number of angler trips, estimated number of rainbow trout, kokanee salmon, smallmouth bass, and walleye caught and harvested at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2000-2004). Represents data collected during creel surveys from January through August, excluding April. Cost per angler trip was adjusted from a value of $27.00 (USFWS 2003) in 2001 with a consumer price index calculator (USDL 2006).

Year of Record 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Economic Value ($million) $3.49 $2.91 $10.09 $6.06 $9.73 Angler Trips 132,781 107,691 367,923 216,081 337,746 Cost / Angler Trip $26.25 $27.00 $27.43 $28.05 $28.80 Total Catch Rainbow trout 108,628 83,283 130,865 196,602 277,231 Kokanee salmon 16,815 18,377 13,169 9,190 13,685 Smallmouth bass 113,840 168,670 105,131 136,445 270,163 Walleye 59,444 70,267 271,037 188,073 330,314 Total Harvest Rainbow trout 95,582 69,023 113,780 178,165 236,443 Kokanee salmon 12,129 15,606 8,675 9,024 12,854 Smallmouth bass 19,255 14,367 12,320 26,975 33,387 Walleye 38,893 29,612 217,385 129,538 205,147

130 20.0

15.0

10.0 Percent (%)

5.0

0.0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Year

Figure 16. Percent of anglers visiting Lake Roosevelt, WA from western Washington counties (2000-2004).

FWIN

Walleye are a very important and highly sought after sport fish in Lake Roosevelt. Fall Walleye Index Netting began in 2002 and is performed annually to collect information on the abundance, condition, age composition, sexual composition and distribution of walleye in Lake Roosevelt. Surveys are completed as a cooperative effort of the Lake Roosevelt Fisheries Evaluation Program, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and the Colville Confederated Tribes.

Relative abundance of walleye (28.2 fish/net) decreased slightly from 2003 surveys (28.6 fish/net). Relative abundance of peamouth, longnose sucker, and smallmouth bass has increased annually since 2002. Yellow perch increased in relative abundance from 2003, while white sturgeon and pumpkinseed were caught for the first time. Carp, largescale sucker, and lake whitefish have decreased annually (Table 105).

131 Peamouth, longnose sucker, smallmouth bass, and walleye CPUE has increased annually since 2002, as has total CPUE across all species. Other species that had increased CPUE from 2003 include white sturgeon, yellow bullhead, pumpkinseed, black crappie, and yellow perch. Carp, largescale sucker and lake whitefish CPUE has decreased annually since 2002. Walleye CPUE was highest in Section 2 in 2001, Section 1 in 2003, and Section 2 again in 2004. Total CPUE across all species was highest in Section 3 in 2002, Section 1 in 2003, and Section 3 again in 2004 (Table 106).

Walleye mean total length and mean weight has increased annually since 2002. Walleye

KTL increased from 2003 and was the highest in the three years of FWIN surveys. Females made up 41% of walleye, decreasing from 51% in 2002.

Table 105. Relative abundance of fish caught during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2002-2004).

Species 2002 2003 2004 White sturgeon 0.0 0.0 0.1 Chiselmouth 0.0 <0.1 <0.1 Peamouth 0.2 0.3 0.4 Northern pikeminnow 1.4 1.6 1.2 Tench <0.1 <0.1 0.0 Carp 0.5 0.4 0.3 Longnose sucker 1.3 3.3 3.7 Bridgelip sucker 1.4 <0.1 <0.1 Largescale sucker 7.5 5.6 4.4 Yellow bullhead 0.1 0.0 <0.1 Lake whitefish 21.7 16.2 11.9 Rainbow trout 3.4 4.0 3.0 Kokanee salmon 1.2 3.1 0.5 Chinook salmon 0.0 <0.1 0.0 Mountain whitefish <0.1 0.1 <0.1 Eastern brook trout 0.2 0.0 <0.1 Brown trout 0.1 <0.1 0.0 Burbot 4.1 7.9 6.7 Smallmouth bass 10.5 16.5 23.2 Largemouth bass 0.0 <0.1 0.0 Pumpkinseed 0.0 0.0 <0.1 Black crappie 0.5 0.1 0.2 Yellow perch 20.1 12.1 16.0 Walleye 25.7 28.6 28.2

132

Table 106. Catch-per-unit-effort (fish/net) of fish caught during FWIN surveys at Lake Roosevelt, WA (2002-2004).

Species 2002 2003 2004 White sturgeon 0.00 0.00 0.02 Chiselmouth 0.00 0.01 0.01 Peamouth 0.03 0.05 0.06 Northern pikeminnow 0.21 0.26 0.19 Tench 0.01 0.01 0.00 Carp 0.07 0.06 0.05 Longnose sucker 0.19 0.52 0.61 Bridgelip sucker 0.20 0.01 0.01 Largescale sucker 1.10 0.88 0.71 Yellow bullhead 0.01 0.00 0.01 Lake whitefish 3.17 2.52 1.93 Rainbow trout 0.49 0.62 0.48 Kokanee salmon 0.18 0.48 0.07 Chinook salmon 0.00 0.01 0.00 Mountain whitefish 0.01 0.02 0.01 Eastern brook trout 0.03 0.00 0.01 Brown trout 0.01 0.01 0.00 Burbot 0.59 1.23 1.09 Smallmouth bass 1.53 2.58 3.77 Largemouth bass 0.00 0.01 0.00 Pumpkinseed 0.00 0.00 0.01 Black crappie 0.07 0.01 0.03 Yellow perch 2.93 1.89 2.59 Walleye 3.76 4.46 4.57 Grand Total 14.61 15.62 16.21

133 Recommendations

Limnology

1. Maintain current zooplankton and water quality sampling locations and relate the effects of reservoir operations to zooplankton production. 2. Examine the influence macronutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus) in the reservoir have on algal primary production and trophic state. 3. Investigate interactions between reservoir environment and different trophic levels. 4. Organize zooplankton database so that multiple year analyses can be made. 5. Maintain database to be used in the Lake Roosevelt ecology model.

Fishery

1. Monitor and evaluate the artificial production program with respect to: fish culture, stocking strategies, and stock utilization. 2. Continue a reservoir wide creel survey to estimate angler pressure, harvest, and the economic value of the Lake Roosevelt fishery and assess the effectiveness of current methodologies. 3. Continue to utilize the Two Rivers Trout Derby to assess hatchery kokanee salmon and rainbow trout contributions to the summer fishery. 4. Continue standardized fishery surveys to assess long-term changes in the Lake Roosevelt fishery including the collection of information on relative abundance, feeding habits, age, and growth. 5. Continue Fall Walleye Index Netting (FWIN) for long term monitoring of the walleye population in Lake Roosevelt. 6. Floy® tag 60,000 hatchery reared rainbow trout to evaluate the success of the net pen raised fish. 7. Continue monitoring hatchery reared kokanee adult returns to stocking locations through paired release studies. 8. Examine alternative stocking strategies for kokanee such as tributary fry plants that mimic natural life histories. 9. Assess predation, primarily walleye, smallmouth bass, and burbot as a limiting factor to the artificial production program. 10. Examine habitat utilization by fishes. 11. Adipose fin clip all hatchery reared rainbow trout and kokanee salmon to better evaluate hatchery / wild composition in fisheries surveys and creel.

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143 Appendices

144 Appendix A. Limnology Tables

Table 107. Temperature (°C) and dissolved oxygen (mg/l) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Temperature (°C) Mean SD n Min Max Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Mean SD n Min Max Columbia Mainstem Columbia Mainstem Gifford 13.7 5.7 88 1.4 22.1 Gifford 9.4 1.2 88 7.7 11.7 Seven Bays 14.5 5.9 85 2.4 22.8 Seven Bays 9.2 1.3 85 7.0 11.2 Keller Ferry 13.8 5.9 131 2.5 22.9 Keller Ferry 8.9 1.4 131 5.1 11.2 Spring Canyon 13.7 5.9 133 2.9 23.5 Spring Canyon 8.9 1.4 133 5.4 11.1 Spokane Arm Spokane Arm Porcupine Bay 14.4 5.7 87 2.5 24.4 Porcupine Bay 7.9 2.0 87 0.2 10.5 Little Falls Above Dam 15.2 5.5 14 3.6 21.3 Little Falls Above Dam 8.0 1.3 14 6.0 9.9 Little Falls Boat Launch 15.0 5.4 15 3.2 20.3 Little Falls Boat Launch 8.4 1.4 15 6.2 10.3 Little Falls Spillway 16.2 6.0 15 3.6 23.3 Little Falls Spillway 9.0 1.5 15 6.3 12.0 Little Falls Turbine 14.9 5.6 14 3.2 21.4 Little Falls Turbine 8.2 1.5 14 6.1 10.1

Temperature (°C) Dissolved Oxygen (mg/l) Mean SD n Min Max Jan 2.6 0.5 82 1.4 3.6 Jan 10.8 0.5 82 9.3 12.0 May 10.4 2.0 82 6.1 14.3 May 9.9 0.4 82 8.1 10.5 Jun 13.3 1.7 86 9.2 16.4 Jun 9.8 0.9 86 5.6 10.8 Jul 17.2 2.7 84 11.3 22.6 Jul 8.6 0.9 84 5.0 9.7 Aug 19.8 2.5 80 13.5 24.4 Aug 7.8 1.1 80 1.6 9.4 Sep 18.8 1.3 83 13.8 20.1 Sep 6.9 1.2 83 0.2 8.6 Oct 16.5 1.1 85 14.7 18.2 Oct 7.9 0.4 85 7.2 8.9 Overall 14.1 5.8 582 1.4 24.4 Overall 8.8 1.5 582 0.2 12.0

145 Table 108. Specific conductance (µS/cm) and total dissolved solids (mg/l) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Specific Conductance (µS/cm) Mean SD n Min Max Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) Mean SD n Min Max Columbia Mainstem Columbia Mainstem Gifford 123.6 8.3 88 110.1 139.0 Gifford 79.1 5.3 88 70.5 89.0 Seven Bays 123.1 9.9 85 85.1 139.2 Seven Bays 78.8 6.3 85 54.4 89.0 Keller Ferry 123.5 7.0 131 111.9 138.8 Keller Ferry 79.0 4.5 131 71.6 88.8 Spring Canyon 124.1 7.4 133 111.7 139.9 Spring Canyon 79.4 4.7 133 71.5 89.6 Spokane Arm Spokane Arm Porcupine Bay 128.3 42.1 87 76.0 203.9 Porcupine Bay 82.1 27.0 87 48.7 130.5 Little Falls Above Dam 149.8 53.6 14 80.7 232.7 Little Falls Above Dam 95.8 34.3 14 51.6 148.9 Little Falls Boat Launch 148.5 53.0 15 82.7 235.3 Little Falls Boat Launch 95.0 33.9 15 53.0 150.6 Little Falls Spillway 147.8 52.2 15 82.8 234.4 Little Falls Spillway 94.6 33.4 15 53.0 150.0 Little Falls Turbine 149.1 53.5 14 82.1 231.6 Little Falls Turbine 95.4 34.2 14 52.5 148.2

Specific Conductance (µS/cm) Mean SD n Min Max Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) Mean SD n Min Max Jan 142.2 12.9 82 133.5 187.0 Jan 91.0 8.3 82 85.4 119.6 May 114.0 19.3 82 78.9 139.9 May 72.9 12.3 82 50.5 89.6 Jun 105.7 14.7 86 76.0 123.1 Jun 67.6 9.4 86 48.7 78.8 Jul 115.3 9.0 84 83.4 129.3 Jul 73.8 5.8 84 53.4 82.7 Aug 130.5 19.9 80 100.6 187.1 Aug 83.5 12.7 80 64.2 119.7 Sep 145.5 33.7 83 122.8 235.3 Sep 93.1 21.6 83 78.6 150.6 Oct 135.3 25.3 85 119.5 192.3 Oct 86.6 16.2 85 76.6 123.1 Overall 126.8 25.1 582 76.0 235.3 Overall 81.2 16.0 582 48.7 150.6

146 Table 109. pH and redox potential (mV) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

pH Mean SD n Min Max Redox Potential (mV) Mean SD n Min Max Columbia Mainstem Columbia Mainstem Gifford 7.9 7.6 88 7.6 8.4 Gifford 387.6 23.6 88 322.0 424.0 Seven Bays 7.9 7.6 85 7.6 8.4 Seven Bays 351.2 24.5 85 299.0 392.0 Keller Ferry 7.8 7.6 131 7.3 8.4 Keller Ferry 388.6 25.3 131 264.0 425.0 Spring Canyon 7.8 7.7 133 7.3 8.5 Spring Canyon 394.7 23.5 133 263.0 435.0 Spokane Arm Spokane Arm Porcupine Bay 7.6 7.6 87 6.9 8.4 Porcupine Bay 363.7 40.4 87 193.0 446.0 Little Falls Above Dam 7.9 7.5 14 7.6 8.2 Little Falls Above Dam 365.4 37.8 14 310.0 427.0 Little Falls Boat Launch 7.8 7.2 15 7.6 8.0 Little Falls Boat Launch 372.7 21.8 15 345.0 421.0 Little Falls Spillway 8.2 8.1 15 7.9 8.7 Little Falls Spillway 353.1 29.3 15 312.0 411.0 Little Falls Turbine 7.8 7.1 14 7.7 8.0 Little Falls Turbine 377.8 36.8 14 330.0 458.0

pH Mean SD n Min Max Redox Potential (mV) Mean SD n Min Max Jan 7.8 7.3 82 7.6 8.3 Jan 392.6 30.6 82 264.0 458.0 May 7.8 7.6 82 7.2 8.4 May 374.6 27.2 82 312.0 410.0 Jun 7.8 7.4 86 6.9 8.1 Jun 383.5 24.3 86 315.0 430.0 Jul 7.8 7.7 84 7.0 8.4 Jul 394.4 24.3 84 346.0 446.0 Aug 7.9 8.0 80 7.0 8.7 Aug 355.1 28.5 80 263.0 409.0 Sep 7.9 7.5 83 7.2 8.2 Sep 354.7 32.7 83 193.0 399.0 Oct 7.8 7.2 85 7.5 8.1 Oct 393.4 27.5 85 264.0 427.0 All Locations 7.8 7.7 582 6.9 8.7 All Locations 378.5 32.2 582 193.0 458.0

147 Table 110. Turbidity (NTU) and Secchi disk depth (m) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Turbiditya (NTU) Mean SD n Min Max Secchi Disk Depth (m) Mean SD n Min Max Columbia Mainstem Columbia Mainstem Gifford 0.0 0.0 88 0.0 0.0 Gifford 6.4 1.4 7 4.5 7.8 Seven Bays 0.0 0.2 85 0.0 2.0 Seven Bays 6.3 2.1 7 3.5 8.5 Keller Ferry 0.0 0.0 129 0.0 0.4 Keller Ferry 8.9 2.3 7 5.8 11.0 Spring Canyon 0.0 0.0 130 0.0 0.0 Spring Canyon 9.0 2.0 7 5.8 12.0 Spokane Arm Spokane Arm Porcupine Bay 0.1 0.7 86 0.0 6.1 Porcupine Bay 6.2 3.4 7 2.8 12.8 Little Falls Above Dam 0.8 2.3 11 0.0 7.6 Little Falls Above Dam Little Falls Boat Launch 0.1 0.3 13 0.0 1.1 Little Falls Boat Launch Little Falls Spillway 0.2 0.4 12 0.0 1.2 Little Falls Spillway Little Falls Turbine 0.0 0.0 14 0.0 0.0 Little Falls Turbine

Turbiditya (NTU) Mean SD n Min Max Secchi Disk Depth (m) Mean SD n Min Max Jan 0.0 0.0 82 0.0 0.4 Jan 7.4 1.4 5 5.5 9.0 May 0.0 0.0 82 0.0 0.0 May 4.5 1.3 5 2.8 5.8 Jun 0.0 0.2 86 0.0 1.5 Jun 6.3 2.4 5 4.0 9.0 Jul 0.1 0.9 79 0.0 7.6 Jul 5.6 1.4 5 4.5 7.8 Aug 0.0 0.0 73 0.0 0.0 Aug 8.6 2.2 5 5.5 11.0 Sep 0.1 0.7 82 0.0 6.1 Sep 9.3 2.1 5 7.0 12.0 Oct 0.0 0.3 84 0.0 2.0 Oct 10.0 2.0 5 7.8 12.8 All Locations 0.0 0.4 568 0.0 7.6 All Locations 7.4 2.6 35 2.8 12.8 aTurbidity values > 20 NTU not included.

148 Table 111. Photic zone depth (m) and surface irradiance (µW cm-2 nm-1) means, standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from all sampling events and sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Photic Zone Depth (m) Mean SD n Min Max Surface Irradiance (µW cm-2 nm-1) Mean SD n Min Max Columbia Mainstem Columbia Mainstem Gifford 11.6 3.5 7 4.8 15.0 Gifford 46.8 27.4 7 11.8 85.4 Seven Bays 12.3 2.5 7 8.3 15.0 Seven Bays 48.1 30.5 7 20.7 93.1 Keller Ferry 14.5 2.3 7 10.5 17.0 Keller Ferry 56.7 34.5 7 11.7 98.4 Spring Canyon 14.1 2.7 7 8.5 16.0 Spring Canyon 41.9 30.4 7 7.9 74.2 Spokane Arm Spokane Arm Porcupine Bay 11.6 3.5 7 6.8 17.0 Porcupine Bay 50.1 37.7 7 11.6 105.0 Little Falls Above Dam Little Falls Above Dam Little Falls Boat Launch Little Falls Boat Launch Little Falls Spillway Little Falls Spillway Little Falls Turbine Little Falls Turbine

Photic Zone Depth (m) Mean SD n Min Max Surface Irradiance (µW cm-2 nm-1) Mean SD n Min Max Jan 14.4 2.4 5 11.0 17.0 Jan 13.2 4.3 5 10.1 20.7 May 7.8 2.1 5 4.8 10.5 May 28.3 13.3 5 7.9 40.6 Jun 11.1 2.3 5 8.5 14.0 Jun 69.8 29.7 5 36.3 105.0 Jul 12.3 1.3 5 11.3 14.0 Jul 74.6 33.2 5 16.1 98.4 Aug 14.2 1.6 5 12.5 16.5 Aug 81.0 10.0 5 68.4 93.1 Sep 15.1 0.9 5 14.0 16.0 Sep 35.3 19.0 5 22.2 67.1 Oct 15.1 1.4 5 13.3 17.0 Oct 38.9 15.4 5 15.8 58.4 All Locations 12.8 3.0 35 4.8 17.0 All Locations 48.7 30.7 35 7.9 105.0

149 Table 112. Various water quality parameters processed at Spokane Tribal Lab. All measures in mg/l except turbidity (NTU). Table includes annual means from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Parameter NO3 NO2 NH3 TKN TN Ortho-P TP DIN:DIP TN:TP Alkalinity TSS Turbidity Gifford 0.070 0.005 0.009 0.096 0.171 0.006 0.011 17:1 16:1 57.2 1.8 0.88 Keller Ferry 0.088 0.006 0.008 0.072 0.166 0.005 0.008 25:1 27:1 55.2 2.2 1.57 Porcupine Bay 0.433 0.006 0.056 0.162 0.600 0.012 0.019 66:1 44:1 53.8 2.3 0.87 Seven Bays 0.094 0.005 0.050 0.117 0.216 0.005 0.010 42:1 28:1 53.5 2.3 0.89 Spring Canyon 0.082 0.005 0.008 0.077 0.165 0.004 0.008 26:1 25:1 56.2 1.5 1.68 Overall 0.153 0.005 0.026 0.105 0.264 0.007 0.011 35:1 28:1 55.1 2.0 1.18

Table 113. Various water quality parameters processed at Spokane Tribal Lab. All measures in mg/l except turbidity (NTU). Table includes monthly means from sampling locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Parameter NO3 NO2 NH3 TKN TN Ortho-P TP DIN:DIP TN:TP Alkalinity TSS Turbidity Jan 0.296 0.005 0.012 0.080 0.381 0.012 0.017 42:1 26:1 60.9 1.2 0.60 May 0.128 0.005 0.006 0.182 0.315 0.007 0.011 21:1 30:1 49.1 2.8 1.02 Jun 0.102 0.005 0.020 0.078 0.185 0.007 0.014 19:1 13:1 48.3 1.4 3.60 Jul 0.114 0.005 0.006 0.100 0.219 0.006 0.011 18:1 19:1 51.6 2.4 0.67 Sep 0.132 0.006 0.054 0.098 0.236 0.005 0.004 36:1 56:1 58.0 2.6 0.54 Oct 0.148 0.006 0.060 0.091 0.245 0.003 0.010 76:1 25:1 62.9 1.8 0.65 Overall 0.153 0.005 0.026 0.105 0.264 0.007 0.011 35:1 28:1 55.1 2.0 1.18

Table 114. Phytoplankton pheophytin monthly means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from photic zone depths and index stations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Month Mean SD n Min Max Jan 1.583 0.594 10 0.687 2.579 May 3.326 2.108 10 0.350 5.921 Jun 2.653 1.773 10 0.067 5.692 Jul 2.135 1.359 10 0.280 4.687 Aug 1.262 0.648 10 0.551 2.520 Sep 2.105 1.266 10 0.005 4.405 Oct 2.239 0.935 10 0.564 3.618 Overall 2.186 1.433 70 0.005 5.921

150 Table 115. Phytoplankton pheophytin annual location means (mg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), and ranges from photic zone depths on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Location Mean SD n Min Max Gifford 2.703 1.378 14 0.551 4.934 Porcupine Bay 2.715 1.478 14 1.298 5.921 Seven Bays 2.312 1.684 14 0.067 5.043 Keller 1.811 1.345 14 0.005 4.104 Spring Canyon 1.390 0.852 14 0.28 2.916 Overall 2.186 1.433 70 0.005 5.921

Table 116. Zooplankton annual mean densities (organisms/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), ranges, total sums, and % of total density from all sampling events and locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Taxonomic Group Mean SD n Min Max Sum % Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi 1,442 1,668 60 0 6,791 86,526 19.1081 Epischura nevadensis 72 140 60 0 556 4,321 0.9543 Leptodiaptomus ashlandi 759 1,160 60 0 6,914 45,538 10.0563 Mesocyclops edax 13 32 60 0 154 787 0.1738 Nauplii 3,986 3,467 60 39 14,199 239,134 52.8092 Copepoda 1,254 2,309 300 0 14,199 376,306 83.1017 Daphnia galeata mendotae 122 415 60 0 2,222 7,300 1.6121 Daphnia pulex 1,042 2,494 60 0 12,223 62,497 13.8015 Daphnia retrocurva 3 11 60 0 46 185 0.0409 Daphnia 389 1,524 180 0 12,223 69,982 15.4545 Alona quadrangularis 0 2 60 0 15 15 0.0034 Bosmina longirostris 94 146 60 0 679 5,643 1.2461 Chydorus sphaericus 8 24 60 0 123 494 0.1091 Diaphanosoma brachyurum 1 8 60 0 62 62 0.0136 Leptodora kindtii 3 12 60 0 62 185 0.0409 Sida crystallina 2 10 60 0 62 139 0.0307 Other Cladocera 18 69 360 0 679 6,538 1.4438 Overall Zooplankton Density 539 1,644 840 0 14,199 452,826 100

151 Table 117. Zooplankton annual mean biomass (µg/m3), standard deviation (SD), sample size (n), ranges, total sums, and % of total biomass from all sampling events and locations on Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Taxonomic Group Mean SD n Min Max Sum % Diacyclops bicuspidatus thomasi 5,538 7,077 60 0 27,085 332,252 19.8272 Epischura nevadensis 1,870 5,074 60 0 23,064 112,206 6.6959 Leptodiaptomus ashlandi 4,697 6,718 60 0 35,961 281,790 16.8159 Mesocyclops edax 98 316 60 0 1,932 5,870 0.3503 Nauplii 754 618 60 8 2,142 45,229 2.6991 Copepoda 2,591 5,350 300 0 35,961 777,347 46.3884 Daphnia galeata mendotae 676 2,379 60 0 14,014 40,543 2.4194 Daphnia pulex 13,859 21,854 60 0 94,272 831,558 49.6235 Daphnia retrocurva 24 86 60 0 422 1,426 0.0851 Daphnia 4,853 14,147 180 0 94,272 873,527 52.1280 Alona quadrangularis 4 32 60 0 249 249 0.0149 Bosmina longirostris 154 289 60 0 1,548 9,211 0.5497 Chydorus sphaericus 7 22 60 0 133 410 0.0245 Diaphanosoma brachyurum 4 28 60 0 213 213 0.0127 Leptodora kindtii 233 1,154 60 0 7,405 14,007 0.8359 Sida crystallina 13 56 60 0 354 771 0.0460 Other Cladocera 69 492 360 0 7,405 24,862 1.4836 Overall Zooplankton Biomass 1,995 7,515 840 0 94,272 1,675,736 100

152 Appendix B. Fish diet analysis and creel survey tables.

Table 118. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for peamouth and northern pikeminnow collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Peamouth (n = 2) Northern Pikeminnow (n = 6) Diet Category FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.67 5.26 60.34 82.27 25.98 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 15.79 13.25 79.04 24.96 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptodoridae 50.00 4.17 84.12 138.29 39.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.67 5.26 6.73 28.66 9.05 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 16.67 68.42 15.46 100.55 31.75 Planorbidae 50.00 91.67 15.22 156.89 44.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 50.00 4.17 0.66 54.83 15.66 16.67 5.26 4.22 26.15 8.26

153 Table 119. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for hatchery and wild origin rainbow trout collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Rainbow Trout Hatchery (n = 188) Rainbow Trout Wild (n = 47) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.53 0.00 0.04 0.57 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.53 0.00 0.01 0.55 0.16 2.13 0.06 8.61 10.80 3.21 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 1.06 0.00 0.05 1.12 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 1.06 0.00 0.37 1.44 0.43 2.13 0.01 4.46 6.61 1.96 Salmonidae 0.53 0.00 0.13 0.67 0.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 1.60 0.38 9.29 11.27 3.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 78.19 97.85 18.19 194.23 57.78 85.11 99.70 57.95 242.76 72.21 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.53 0.00 0.34 0.87 0.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.06 2.19 0.65 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.53 0.02 1.69 2.24 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.01 2.14 0.64 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 6.38 0.17 0.34 6.89 2.05 12.77 0.03 0.56 13.35 3.97 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.12 2.25 0.67 Unidentified Diptera 0.53 0.00 0.03 0.56 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 5.85 0.22 20.72 26.80 7.97 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 2.13 0.07 5.47 7.67 2.28 4.26 0.15 25.47 29.88 8.89 Planorbidae 1.06 0.00 1.56 2.62 0.78 2.13 0.00 0.08 2.21 0.66 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.53 0.00 0.11 0.65 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.00 0.58 2.71 0.81 Corixidae 0.53 0.00 0.01 0.54 0.16 2.13 0.00 0.03 2.16 0.64 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 4.26 1.22 4.43 9.90 2.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.53 0.00 0.03 0.56 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.53 0.00 0.01 0.54 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.53 0.00 0.04 0.57 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.53 0.00 0.27 0.80 0.24 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 1.06 0.01 0.03 1.10 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.53 0.00 0.09 0.62 0.19 4.26 0.00 0.19 4.45 1.32 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.53 0.00 0.03 0.56 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.13 0.02 0.10 2.25 0.67 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 25.00 0.05 36.73 61.78 18.38 10.64 0.01 1.76 12.41 3.69

154 Table 120. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for hatchery and wild origin kokanee salmon collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Kokanee Hatchery (n = 2) Kokanee Wild (n = 18) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 100.00 100.00 100.00 300.00 100.00 94.44 100.00 96.43 290.87 96.96 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.56 0.00 3.57 9.13 3.04

155 Table 121. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for lake whitefish and mountain whitefish collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Lake Whitefish (n = 8) Mountain Whitefish (n = 3) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 25.00 99.06 21.55 145.61 37.82 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 60.00 0.00 60.00 15.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 62.50 0.78 32.37 95.64 24.84 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 12.50 0.06 2.31 14.86 3.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 66.67 17.54 39.74 123.95 41.32 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 33.33 82.46 60.26 176.05 58.68 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 25.00 0.11 43.77 68.88 17.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

156 Table 122. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for brown trout and brook trout collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Brown Trout (n = 3) Brook Trout (n = 4) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 33.33 13.95 94.21 141.49 35.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.10 85.45 110.55 34.02 Zooplankton Daphnidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 97.61 12.93 160.55 49.40 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 2.23 0.61 27.84 8.57 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 0.05 1.01 26.06 8.02 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 66.67 4.65 0.13 71.44 17.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 33.33 76.74 5.24 115.31 28.83 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 66.67 4.65 0.43 71.75 17.94 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

157 Table 123. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for burbot and Cottidae collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Burbot (n = 10) Cottidae (n = 4) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 20.00 25.71 1.15 46.87 14.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 10.00 2.86 3.02 15.87 4.96 25.00 0.54 54.81 80.35 26.78 Percidae 60.00 62.86 94.87 217.73 68.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 91.35 13.85 130.20 43.40 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 1.62 0.73 27.35 9.12 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 10.00 2.86 0.11 12.97 4.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 25.00 6.49 30.61 62.10 20.70 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 20.00 5.71 0.85 26.56 8.30 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

158 Table 124. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for smallmouth bass and black crappie collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Smallmouth Bass (n = 112) Black Crappie (n = 4) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Centrarchidae 0.89 0.02 2.36 3.27 1.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cottidae 33.93 3.57 44.31 81.81 25.52 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Non-salmonidae 25.89 1.20 13.37 40.46 12.62 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Percidae 6.25 0.17 4.37 10.79 3.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Salmonidae 2.68 0.07 16.70 19.44 6.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Osteichthyes 1.79 0.03 0.19 2.01 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Zooplankton Daphnidae 25.00 93.52 10.11 128.63 40.13 50.00 90.59 97.39 237.97 79.32 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 50.00 9.41 2.61 62.03 20.68 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Hirudinea 0.89 0.02 0.47 1.38 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.89 0.08 0.21 1.19 0.37 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.89 0.02 0.81 1.72 0.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 1.79 0.30 1.07 3.16 0.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 5.36 0.17 3.77 9.30 2.90 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diptera Chironomidae 5.36 0.58 0.77 6.71 2.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 1.79 0.12 0.10 2.01 0.63 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 1.79 0.03 0.07 1.89 0.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Other Other 5.36 0.10 1.31 6.77 2.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

159 Table 125. Frequency of occurrence (FO), percent by dry weight (wt), percent by number (#), absolute importance (Aia), and relative importance values (Ria) of diet categories for yellow perch and walleye collected in Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Diet Category Yellow Perch (n = 39) Walleye (n = 135) FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria FO % by # % by wt. Aia Ria Osteichthyes Catostomidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.08 5.56 6.38 1.99 Centrarchidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.39 1.18 3.05 0.95 Cottidae 15.38 2.25 41.20 58.84 18.36 25.19 3.76 7.52 36.47 11.40 Cyprinidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 0.06 1.62 3.16 0.99 Non-salmonidae 5.13 0.09 0.80 6.02 1.88 31.11 1.86 19.75 52.72 16.47 Percidae 7.69 0.09 10.14 17.92 5.59 11.11 0.61 14.46 26.18 8.18 Salmonidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 7.41 0.31 37.38 45.10 14.09 Unidentified Osteichthyes 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.44 0.18 0.73 5.35 1.67 Zooplankton Daphnidae 61.54 95.90 9.57 167.01 52.11 9.63 72.31 1.47 83.41 26.06 Leptodoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Temoridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Amphipoda Gammaridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Amphipoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Annelida Hirudinea 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Oligochaeta 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Annelida 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Anura Unidentified Anura 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.04 1.04 1.82 0.57 Arachnoidea Hydracharina 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Coleoptera Haliplidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Decapoda Astacidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.02 0.06 0.82 0.25 Diptera Chironomidae 7.69 1.05 0.48 9.23 2.88 13.33 17.20 7.74 38.28 11.96 Simuliidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.48 1.25 0.20 2.93 0.92 Tipulidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Diptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ephemeroptera Leptophlebiidae 2.56 0.03 0.12 2.71 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Gastropoda Lymnaeidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Physidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Planorbidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Gastropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hemiptera Coreidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Corixidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Isopoda Unidentified Isopoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.22 0.94 0.36 3.52 1.10 Lepidoptera Lepidoptera 2.56 0.03 2.93 5.52 1.72 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Pyralidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Nematomorpha Unidentified Nematomorpha 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Odonata Zygoptera 7.69 0.36 3.34 11.39 3.55 1.48 0.12 0.02 1.62 0.51 Trichoptera Brachycentridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydropsychidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Hydroptilidae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Leptoceridae 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Limnephilidae 2.56 0.06 0.29 2.91 0.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Trichoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Platyhelminthes Turbellaria 2.56 0.03 24.74 27.33 8.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Arthropoda Unidentified Arthropoda 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.02 0.00 0.76 0.24 Terrestrial Terrestrial Hemiptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Terrestrial Hymenoptera 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unidentified Terrestrial 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.65 0.57 1.96 0.61 Other Other 5.13 0.12 6.38 11.63 3.63 5.93 0.22 0.35 6.49 2.03

160 Table 126. Total boat pressure estimates for Section 1 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Correction Mean Boat Mean Number Corrected Corrected STRATA factor Trailers for % Boat fishing Number Angler/boat mean X (Air/ground) the day Angler/boat S.D. angler angler S.D. January WD 1.539 0.188 100 2 0 0.6 0.0 WE 2.275 0.25 78.72 1.948 0.686 0.9 0.3

February WD 1.539 0.625 100 2.2 0.447 2.1 0.4 WE 2.275 2 78.72 1.948 0.686 7.0 2.5

March WD 1.390 2.429 89.474 1.706 0.47 5.2 1.4 WE 0.974 5.75 100 2 1 11.2 5.6

May WD 1.390 4 87.5 2 0.784 9.7 3.8 WE 0.974 17.4 76.923 1.9 0.876 24.8 11.4

June WD 0.893 23.941 80 2.036 0.793 34.8 13.6 WE 1.261 30 100 2.25 0.5 85.1 18.9

July WD 0.893 23.722 38.889 1.905 0.436 15.7 3.6 WE 1.261 52 66.667 1.667 0.516 72.9 22.6

August WD 0.893 17.105 48.78 1.95 0.887 14.5 6.6 WE 1.261 32.5 50 2.25 0.5 46.1 10.2

Annual WD 1.220 10.29 77.81 1.97 0.55 11.8 4.2 WE 1.469 19.99 78.72 1.99 0.68 35.4 10.2

161 Table 127. Total boat pressure estimates for Section 2 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Correction Mean Boat Mean Number Corrected Corrected STRATA factor Trailers for % Boat fishing Number Angler/boat mean X (Air/ground) the day Angler/boat S.D. angler angler S.D. January WD 1.539 5.267 100 2.333 0.5 18.9 4.1 WE 2.275 16.5 77.273 1.882 0.857 54.6 24.9

February WD 1.539 12.667 100 1.926 0.55 37.5 10.7 WE 2.275 44.5 89.474 2.176 0.951 197.1 86.1

March WD 1.390 22.053 86.364 2.079 0.673 55.0 17.8 WE 0.974 44.75 76.19 2.125 0.806 70.6 26.8

May WD 1.390 15.313 76.923 1.925 0.656 31.5 10.7 WE 0.974 90.833 46.296 2.6 1.041 106.5 42.6

June WD 0.893 54.294 61.538 1.917 0.539 57.2 16.1 WE 1.261 131.25 28.235 2.292 0.806 107.1 37.7

July WD 0.893 101.389 38.947 2.189 0.886 77.2 31.2 WE 1.261 178.333 34.091 2.8 1.207 214.7 92.5

August WD 0.893 100.722 27.044 2.302 0.832 56.0 20.2 WE 1.261 258.75 29.885 2.231 0.652 217.5 63.6

Annual WD 1.220 44.53 70.12 2.10 0.66 47.6 13.9 WE 1.469 109.27 47.27 2.31 0.90 138.3 53.5

162 Table 128. Total boat pressure estimates for Section 3 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Correction Mean Boat Mean Number Corrected Corrected STRATA factor Trailers for % Boat fishing Number Angler/boat mean X (Air/ground) the day Angler/boat S.D. angler angler S.D.

January WD 1.539 5.765 96.429 2.179 0.67 18.6 5.7 WE 2.275 9.667 100 1.8 0.837 39.6 18.4

February WD 1.539 11.643 100 2.25 0.874 40.3 15.7 WE 2.275 25.75 100 2.514 0.932 147.3 54.6

March WD 1.390 8.722 96.552 1.893 0.779 22.2 9.1 WE 0.974 26.25 100 2.436 0.882 62.3 22.6

May WD 1.390 14.133 94.118 1.828 0.788 33.8 14.6 WE 0.974 61.571 72.277 2.356 1.135 102.1 49.2

June WD 0.893 37.75 78.981 2.081 0.907 55.4 24.1 WE 1.261 66 73.333 2.023 1.045 123.5 63.8

July WD 0.893 67.923 44.531 2.316 0.909 62.6 24.6 WE 1.261 137.5 27.103 2.069 1.132 97.2 53.2

August WD 0.893 78.333 36.306 2.351 0.954 59.7 24.2 WE 1.261 67.75 28.235 2.458 1.318 59.3 31.8

Annual WD 1.220 32.04 78.13 2.13 0.84 41.8 16.9 WE 1.469 56.36 63.64 2.24 1.04 90.2 41.9

163 Table 129. Monthly total pressure estimates and calculations for Section 1 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Italicized values indicate cell mean imputation was used.

Hours Days Hours Hours Time Angler Hours Mean Mean ± anglers ± anglers Pressure Variance of 95% C.I. per per per Creeled correction per anglers anglers per per Estimate Pressure per day month month per month Factor angler per day per month day month per Estimate month (Nautical alm) (calendar) month per month Strata Hd Ds Ns n Ns/n Ha Xd Xs Sd Ss PE VPE CI JANUARY WEEKDAY SHORE 8.83 23 203.09 36.333 5.59 2.695 1.5 33.8 1.2 28.3 510 4,481 131 BOAT 8.83 23 203.09 36.333 5.59 3.967 0.6 13.8 0.0 0.0 306 0 0

WEEKEND SHORE 8.83 8 70.64 9.217 7.66 2.920 3.5 28.0 0.6 4.6 627 163 25 BOAT 8.83 8 70.64 9.217 7.66 5.547 0.9 7.2 0.3 2.4 306 44 13 TOTAL 8.83 31 273.73 45.55 6.5 82.8 2.1 35.3 1,748 4,688 169

FEBRUARY WEEKDAY SHORE 10.25 20 205.00 32.533 6.30 2.488 1.6 32.5 1.6 31.7 510 6,340 156 BOAT 10.25 20 205.00 32.533 6.30 4.784 2.1 42.0 0.4 8.0 1,266 403 39

WEEKEND SHORE 10.25 8 82.00 8.367 9.80 2.729 1.8 14.0 2.4 18.9 374 3,502 116 BOAT 10.25 8 82.00 8.367 9.80 5.547 7.0 56.0 2.5 20.0 3,044 3,920 123 TOTAL 10.25 28 287.00 40.90 12.5 144.5 6.8 78.6 5,194 14,166 434

MARCH WEEKDAY SHORE 11.97 21 251.37 43.833 5.73 2.408 1.0 22.0 1.5 31.5 304 5,683 148 BOAT 11.97 21 251.37 43.833 5.73 5.383 5.2 109.2 1.4 29.4 3,371 4,957 138

WEEKEND SHORE 11.97 10 119.70 9.833 12.17 2.204 2.5 25.0 3.3 33.2 671 13,394 227 BOAT 11.97 10 119.70 9.833 12.17 5.781 11.2 112.0 5.6 56.0 7,882 38,175 383 TOTAL 11.97 31 371.07 53.67 19.9 268.2 11.8 150.0 12,228 62,209 896

164 Table 129. Continued. MAY WEEKDAY SHORE 15.20 22 334.40 38.233 8.75 2.402 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 0 0 BOAT 15.20 22 334.40 38.233 8.75 5.664 9.70 213.4 3.8 83.6 10,572 61,128 485

WEEKEND SHORE 15.20 9 136.80 10.65 12.85 2.729 0.80 7.2 1.10 9.9 252 1,248 69 BOAT 15.20 9 136.80 10.65 12.85 5.975 24.8 223.2 11.4 102.6 17,130 135,217 721 TOTAL 15.20 31 471.20 48.88 35.3 443.8 16.3 196.1 27,955 197,593 1,275

JUNE WEEKDAY SHORE 16.02 21 336.42 32.367 10.39 1.583 0.13 2.6 0.50 10.5 43 1,146 66 BOAT 16.02 21 336.42 32.367 10.39 5.724 34.8 730.8 13.6 285.6 43,479 847,805 1,805

WEEKEND SHORE 16.02 9 144.18 3.9 36.97 2.729 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 BOAT 16.02 9 144.18 3.9 36.97 5.196 85.1 765.9 18.9 170.1 147,123 1,069,668 2,027 TOTAL 16.02 30 480.60 36.27 120.0 1499.3 33.0 466.2 190,645 1,918,619 3,898

JULY WEEKDAY SHORE 15.67 23 360.41 35.433 10.17 1.117 0.11 2.6 0.47 10.8 29 1,194 68 BOAT 15.67 23 360.41 35.433 10.17 5.307 15.70 361.1 3.6 82.8 19,492 69,735 518

WEEKEND SHORE 15.67 8 125.36 8.95 14.01 2.729 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 BOAT 15.67 8 125.36 8.95 14.01 4.380 72.9 583.2 22.6 180.8 35,779 457,860 1,326 TOTAL 15.67 31 485.77 44.38 88.7 946.9 26.7 274.4 55,300 528,789 1,912

AUGUST WEEKDAY SHORE 14.38 21 301.98 40.083 7.53 2.402 0.00 0.0 0.00 0.0 0 0 0 BOAT 14.38 21 301.98 40.083 7.53 6.192 14.5 304.5 6.6 138.6 14,205 144,725 746

WEEKEND SHORE 14.38 10 143.80 8.367 17.19 2.729 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 BOAT 14.38 10 143.80 8.367 17.19 6.135 46.1 461.0 10.2 102.0 48,608 178,809 829 TOTAL 14.38 31 445.78 48.45 60.6 765.5 16.8 240.6 62,812 323,534 1,574

ANNUAL TOTAL 146.78 366.00 2815.15 318.10 343.5 4151.0 113.5 1441.3 355,883 3,049,597 10,158

165 Table 130. Monthly total pressure estimates and calculations for Section 2 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Italicized values indicate cell mean imputation was used.

Hours Days Hours Hours Time Angler Hours Mean Mean ± anglers ± anglers Pressure Variance of 95% C.I. per per per Creeled correction per anglers anglers per per Estimate Pressure per day month month per month Factor angler per day per month day month per Estimate month (Nautical alm) (calendar) month per month Strata Hd Ds Ns n Ns/n Ha Xd Xs Sd Ss PE VPE CI JANUARY WEEKDAY SHORE 8.83 23 203.09 37.117 5.47 2.167 3.6 82.8 3.2 74.7 982 30,517 342 BOAT 8.83 23 203.09 37.117 5.47 4.009 18.9 434.7 4.1 94.3 9,535 48,656 432

WEEKEND SHORE 8.83 8 70.64 10.25 6.89 3.333 4.5 36.0 5.8 46.4 827 14,848 239 BOAT 8.83 8 70.64 10.25 6.89 6.067 54.6 436.8 24.9 199.2 18,263 273,467 1,025 TOTAL 8.83 31 273.73 47.37 81.6 990.3 38.0 414.6 29,608 367,488 2,039

FEBRUARY WEEKDAY SHORE 10.25 20 205.00 44.867 4.57 1.333 2.8 56.0 2.5 49.7 341 11,277 208 BOAT 10.25 20 205.00 44.867 4.57 4.924 37.5 750.0 10.7 214.0 16,874 209,245 897

WEEKEND SHORE 10.25 8 82.00 8.717 9.41 3.333 6.5 52.0 5.0 40.0 1,630 15,051 240 BOAT 10.25 8 82.00 8.717 9.41 5.750 197.1 1576.8 86.1 688.8 85,289 4,463,064 4,141 TOTAL 10.25 28 287.00 53.58 243.9 2434.8 104.3 992.5 104,134 4,698,636 5,486

MARCH WEEKDAY SHORE 11.97 21 251.37 53.05 4.74 3.340 2.9 60.8 3.2 67.1 962 21,331 286 BOAT 11.97 21 251.37 53.05 4.74 5.767 55.0 1155.0 17.8 373.8 31,562 662,074 1,595

WEEKEND SHORE 11.97 10 119.70 10.567 11.33 3.333 1.0 10.0 1.2 11.6 378 1,511 76 BOAT 11.97 10 119.70 10.567 11.33 5.781 70.6 706.0 26.8 268.0 46,233 813,602 1,768 TOTAL 11.97 31 371.07 63.62 129.5 1931.8 49.0 720.4 79,134 1,498,518 3,725

166 Table 130. Continued. MAY WEEKDAY SHORE 15.20 22 334.40 42.917 7.79 2.867 0.69 15.1 1.14 25.0 338 4,884 137 BOAT 15.20 22 334.40 42.917 7.79 4.243 31.50 693.0 10.7 235.4 22,911 431,767 1,288

WEEKEND SHORE 15.20 9 136.80 17.15 7.98 3.333 2.67 24.0 3.56 32.0 638 8,184 177 BOAT 15.20 9 136.80 17.15 7.98 5.332 106.5 958.5 42.6 383.4 40,767 1,172,536 2,122 TOTAL 15.20 31 471.20 60.07 141.4 1690.6 58.0 675.9 64,654 1,617,371 3,725

JUNE WEEKDAY SHORE 16.02 21 336.42 48.617 6.92 3.267 1.18 24.7 1.98 41.5 558 11,915 214 BOAT 16.02 21 336.42 48.617 6.92 5.304 57.2 1201.2 16.1 338.1 44,087 791,014 1,743

WEEKEND SHORE 16.02 9 144.18 8.133 17.73 3.333 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0 0 0 BOAT 16.02 9 144.18 8.133 17.73 3.555 107.1 963.9 37.7 339.3 60,747 2,040,901 2,800 TOTAL 16.02 30 480.60 56.75 165.5 2189.8 55.8 718.9 105,393 2,843,830 4,757

JULY WEEKDAY SHORE 15.67 23 360.41 49.383 7.30 4.333 1.17 26.8 2.18 50.0 849 18,281 265 BOAT 15.67 23 360.41 49.383 7.30 4.154 77.20 1775.6 31.2 717.6 53,831 3,758,238 3,800

WEEKEND SHORE 15.67 8 125.36 8.933 14.03 3.333 0.7 5.3 1.2 9.2 250 1,198 68 BOAT 15.67 8 125.36 8.933 14.03 5.444 214.7 1717.6 92.5 740.0 131,221 7,684,668 5,433 TOTAL 15.67 31 485.77 58.32 293.7 3525.4 127.0 1516.9 186,150 11,462,384 9,566

AUGUST WEEKDAY SHORE 14.38 21 301.98 48.383 6.24 3.477 0.56 11.7 20.20 424.2 253 1,123,121 2,077 BOAT 14.38 21 301.98 48.383 6.24 4.293 56.0 1176.0 3.9 82.2 31,510 42,166 402

WEEKEND SHORE 14.38 10 143.80 12.783 11.25 3.333 1.5 15.0 2.4 23.8 562 6,372 156 BOAT 14.38 10 143.80 12.783 11.25 5.267 217.5 2175.0 63.6 636.0 128,869 4,550,303 4,181 TOTAL 14.38 31 445.78 61.17 275.6 3377.7 90.1 1166.2 161,195 5,721,963 6,817

ANNUAL TOTAL 146.78 366.00 2815.15 400.87 1331.1 16140.4 522.2 6205.4 730,267 28,210,191 36,114

167 Table 131. Monthly total pressure estimates and calculations for Section 3 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004). Italicized values indicate cell mean imputation was used.

Hours Days Hours Hours Time Angler Hours Mean Mean ± anglers ± anglers Pressure Variance of 95% C.I. per per per Creeled correction per anglers anglers per per Estimate Pressure per day month month per month Factor angler per day per month day month per Estimate month (Nautical alm) (calendar) month per month Strata Hd Ds Ns n Ns/n Ha Xd Xs Sd Ss PE VPE CI JANUARY WEEKDAY SHORE 8.83 23 203.09 46.217 4.394 3.317 5.6 129.9 4.4 100.9 1,893 44,738 415 BOAT 8.83 23 203.09 46.217 4.394 6.500 18.6 427.8 5.7 131.1 12,219 75,525 539

WEEKEND SHORE 8.83 8 70.64 10.167 6.948 5.000 9.0 72.0 5.0 40.0 2,501 11,117 207 BOAT 8.83 8 70.64 10.167 6.948 6.469 39.6 316.8 18.4 147.2 14,239 150,547 760 TOTAL 8.83 31 273.73 56.384 72.8 946.5 33.5 419.2 30,853 281,928 1,920

FEBRUARY WEEKDAY SHORE 10.25 20 205.00 37.550 5.459 3.480 8.6 172.9 5.0 99.4 3,284 53,962 455 BOAT 10.25 20 205.00 37.550 5.459 5.046 40.3 806.0 15.7 314.0 22,204 538,274 1,438

WEEKEND SHORE 10.25 8 82.00 12.833 6.390 0.867 13.8 110.0 4.3 34.2 609 7,463 169 BOAT 10.25 8 82.00 12.833 6.390 3.894 147.3 1178.4 54.6 436.8 29,321 1,219,133 2,164 TOTAL 10.25 28 287.00 50.383 210.0 2267.3 79.5 884.4 55,418 1,818,832 4,227

MARCH WEEKDAY SHORE 11.97 21 251.37 41.330 6.082 3.746 6.6 137.7 3.8 79.0 3,137 37,940 382 BOAT 11.97 21 251.37 41.330 6.082 5.338 22.2 466.2 9.1 191.1 15,136 222,111 924

WEEKEND SHORE 11.97 10 119.70 11.500 10.409 0.777 10.3 102.5 6.4 64.0 829 42,594 405 BOAT 11.97 10 119.70 11.500 10.409 5.517 62.3 623.0 22.6 226.0 35,776 531,635 1,429 TOTAL 11.97 31 371.07 52.830 101.3 1329.4 41.9 560.1 54,877 834,279 3,139

168 Table 131. Continued. MAY WEEKDAY SHORE 15.20 22 334.40 36.333 9.204 2.583 4.50 99.0 3.93 86.5 2,354 68,906 514 BOAT 15.20 22 334.40 36.333 9.204 4.929 33.80 743.6 14.6 321.2 33,734 949,546 1,910

WEEKEND SHORE 15.20 9 136.80 17.333 7.892 2.062 5.83 52.5 5.53 49.8 854 19,543 274 BOAT 15.20 9 136.80 17.333 7.892 4.867 102.1 918.9 49.2 442.8 35,297 1,547,489 2,438 TOTAL 15.20 31 471.20 53.666 146.2 1814.0 73.3 900.3 72,239 2,585,484 5,137

JUNE WEEKDAY SHORE 16.02 21 336.42 38.367 8.768 1.200 2.56 53.8 3.10 65.1 566 37,113 378 BOAT 16.02 21 336.42 38.367 8.768 5.332 55.4 1163.4 24.1 506.1 54,393 2,245,932 2,937

WEEKEND SHORE 16.02 9 144.18 10.750 13.412 2.062 8.3 74.3 7.9 71.4 2,053 68,351 512 BOAT 16.02 9 144.18 10.750 13.412 4.626 123.5 1111.5 63.8 574.2 68,962 4,422,043 4,122 TOTAL 16.02 30 480.60 49.117 189.7 2403.0 98.9 1216.7 125,975 6,773,439 7,949

JULY WEEKDAY SHORE 15.67 23 360.41 31.667 11.381 3.306 1.29 29.6 1.64 37.7 1,113 16,134 249 BOAT 15.67 23 360.41 31.667 11.381 5.109 62.60 1439.8 24.6 565.8 83,720 3,643,475 3,741

WEEKEND SHORE 15.67 8 125.36 9.500 13.196 2.062 2.0 16.0 1.4 11.3 435 1,689 81 BOAT 15.67 8 125.36 9.500 13.196 3.964 97.2 777.6 53.2 425.6 40,675 2,390,224 3,030 TOTAL 15.67 31 485.77 41.167 163.1 2263.0 80.9 1040.4 125,943 6,051,522 7,101

AUGUST WEEKDAY SHORE 14.38 21 301.98 36.583 8.255 2.333 0.80 16.8 1.32 27.7 324 6,343 156 BOAT 14.38 21 301.98 36.583 8.255 4.838 59.7 1253.7 24.2 508.2 50,068 2,131,907 2,862

WEEKEND SHORE 14.38 10 143.80 7.500 19.173 2.062 3.0 30.0 4.8 47.6 1,186 43,460 409 BOAT 14.38 10 143.80 7.500 19.173 4.864 59.3 593.0 31.8 318.0 55,303 1,938,884 2,729 TOTAL 14.38 31 445.78 44.083 122.8 1893.5 62.1 901.5 106,880 4,120,594 6,156

ANNUAL TOTAL 146.78 366.00 2815.15 347.630 1006.0 12916.6 470.0 5922.6 572,184 22,466,078 35,628

169 Table 132. Catch and harvest estimates for all species caught by anglers in Section 1 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Angler No. of Rainbow trout HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 109.37 2 0 2 0.02 0.00 0.02 1,748 169 31.97 3.10 31.97 3.10 February 108.48 3 0 3 0.03 0.00 0.03 5,194 434 143.65 12.01 143.65 12.01 March 258.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,228 896 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 275.78 4 3 7 0.01 0.01 0.03 27,955 1,275 405.46 18.49 709.55 32.35 June 336.13 10 0 10 0.03 0.00 0.03 190,645 3,898 5,671.72 115.97 5,671.72 115.97 July 258.32 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,300 1,912 214.08 7.40 214.08 7.40 August 296.70 13 0 13 0.04 0.00 0.04 62,812 1,574 2,752.15 68.98 2,752.15 68.98 Total 1643.43 33 3 36 0.02 0.00 0.02 355,883 10,158 9,219.02 225.94 9,523.11 239.81

Angler No. of Burbot HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 109.37 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,748 169 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 108.48 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,194 434 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 258.65 2 0 2 0.01 0.00 0.01 12,228 896 94.55 6.92 94.55 6.92 May 275.78 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 27,955 1,275 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 336.13 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 190,645 3,898 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 258.32 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,300 1,912 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 296.70 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 62,812 1,574 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 1643.43 2 0 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 355,883 10,158 94.55 6.92 94.55 6.92

Angler No. of Smallmouth bass HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 109.37 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,748 169 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 108.48 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,194 434 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 258.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,228 896 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 275.78 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 27,955 1,275 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 336.13 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 190,645 3,898 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 258.32 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,300 1,912 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 296.70 0 1 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 62,812 1,574 0.00 0.00 211.70 5.31 Total 1643.43 0 1 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 355,883 10,158 0.00 0.00 211.70 5.31

170

Table 132. Continued. Angler No. of Yellow perch HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 109.37 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 1,748 169 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 108.48 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 5,194 434 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 258.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 12,228 896 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 275.78 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 27,955 1,275 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 336.13 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 190,645 3,898 567.17 11.60 567.17 11.60 July 258.32 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,300 1,912 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 296.70 2 0 2 0.01 0.00 0.01 62,812 1,574 423.41 10.61 423.41 10.61 Total 1643.43 3 0 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 355,883 10,158 990.58 22.21 990.58 22.21

Angler No. of Walleye HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 109.37 14 0 14 0.13 0.00 0.13 1,748 169 223.81 21.67 223.81 21.67 February 108.48 22 18 40 0.20 0.17 0.37 5,194 434 1,053.40 88.04 1,915.27 160.07 March 258.65 79 95 174 0.31 0.37 0.67 12,228 896 3,734.68 273.52 8,225.75 602.45 May 275.78 105 104 209 0.38 0.38 0.76 27,955 1,275 10,643.24 485.26 21,185.11 965.91 June 336.13 117 110 227 0.35 0.33 0.68 190,645 3,898 66,359.10 1,356.86 128,748.00 2,632.54 July 258.32 109 56 165 0.42 0.22 0.64 55,300 1,912 23,334.69 806.60 35,323.16 1,221.00 August 296.70 101 27 128 0.34 0.09 0.43 62,812 1,574 21,382.07 535.96 27,098.07 679.23 Total 1643.43 547 410 957 0.33 0.25 0.58 355,883 10,158 126,730.99 3,567.91 222,719.17 6,282.87

Angler Grand Grand Grand HPUE CPUE CPUE Grand Grand Grand Harvest Grand Catch Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 109.37 17 0 17 0.16 0.00 0.16 1,748 169 271.77 26.31 271.77 26.31 February 108.48 24 18 42 0.22 0.17 0.39 5,194 434 1,149.16 96.04 2,011.04 168.08 March 258.65 81 95 176 0.31 0.37 0.68 12,228 896 3,829.23 280.45 8,320.30 609.37 May 275.78 109 107 216 0.40 0.39 0.78 27,955 1,275 11,048.70 503.75 21,894.66 998.26 June 336.13 128 110 238 0.38 0.33 0.71 190,645 3,898 72,597.99 1,484.43 134,986.89 2,760.11 July 258.32 110 56 166 0.43 0.22 0.64 55,300 1,912 23,548.77 814.00 35,537.24 1,228.40 August 296.70 116 28 144 0.39 0.09 0.49 62,812 1,574 24,557.63 615.55 30,485.33 764.14 Total 1643.43 585 414 999 0.36 0.25 0.61 355,883 10,158 137,003.25 3,820.54 233,507.22 6,554.66

171 Table 133. Catch and harvest estimates for all species caught by anglers in Section 2 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Angler No. of Rainbow trout HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 133 0 133 0.43 0.00 0.43 29,608 2,039 12,722.46 875.96 12,722.46 875.96 February 431.65 57 0 57 0.13 0.00 0.13 104,134 5,486 13,750.99 724.41 13,750.99 724.41 March 496.42 46 0 46 0.09 0.00 0.09 79,134 3,725 7,332.90 345.19 7,332.90 345.19 May 313.92 15 2 17 0.05 0.01 0.05 64,654 3,725 3,089.38 177.97 3,501.29 201.70 June 344.83 10 0 10 0.03 0.00 0.03 105,393 4,757 3,056.34 137.96 3,056.34 137.96 July 527.62 58 31 89 0.11 0.06 0.17 186,150 9,566 20,463.12 1,051.56 31,400.31 1,613.61 August 331.67 26 4 30 0.08 0.01 0.09 161,195 6,817 12,636.41 534.40 14,580.47 616.62 Total 2755.62 345 37 382 0.13 0.01 0.14 730,267 36,114 73,051.59 3,847.46 86,344.76 4,515.45

Angler No. of Kokanee salmon HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 241.25 12.71 241.25 12.71 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 205.96 11.86 205.96 11.86 June 344.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 105,393 4,757 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 527.62 10 0 10 0.02 0.00 0.02 186,150 9,566 3,528.12 181.30 3,528.12 181.30 August 331.67 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 161,195 6,817 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2755.62 12 0 12 0.00 0.00 0.00 730,267 36,114 3,975.33 205.88 3,975.33 205.88

Angler No. of Chinook salmon HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 0 1 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 0.00 0.00 241.25 12.71 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 205.96 11.86 205.96 11.86 June 344.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 105,393 4,757 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 527.62 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 186,150 9,566 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 331.67 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 161,195 6,817 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2755.62 1 1 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 730,267 36,114 205.96 11.86 447.20 24.57

172 Table 133. Continued. Angler No. of Brown trout HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 344.83 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 105,393 4,757 305.63 13.80 305.63 13.80 July 527.62 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 186,150 9,566 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 331.67 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 161,195 6,817 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2755.62 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 730,267 36,114 305.63 13.80 305.63 13.80

Angler No. of Burbot HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 241.25 12.71 241.25 12.71 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 344.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 105,393 4,757 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 527.62 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 186,150 9,566 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 331.67 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 161,195 6,817 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2755.62 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 730,267 36,114 241.25 12.71 241.25 12.71

Angler No. of Smallmouth bass HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 1 4 5 0.00 0.01 0.02 64,654 3,725 205.96 11.86 1,029.79 59.32 June 344.83 0 19 19 0.00 0.06 0.06 105,393 4,757 0.00 0.00 5,807.04 262.12 July 527.62 16 60 76 0.03 0.11 0.14 186,150 9,566 5,645.00 290.09 26,813.75 1,377.91 August 331.67 2 57 59 0.01 0.17 0.18 161,195 6,817 972.03 41.11 28,674.93 1,212.68 Total 2755.62 19 140 159 0.01 0.05 0.06 730,267 36,114 6,822.99 343.06 62,325.51 2,912.03

173 Table 133. Continued. Angler No. of Yellow perch HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 344.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 105,393 4,757 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 527.62 0 5 5 0.00 0.01 0.01 186,150 9,566 0.00 0.00 1,764.06 90.65 August 331.67 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 161,195 6,817 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2755.62 0 5 5 0.00 0.00 0.00 730,267 36,114 0.00 0.00 1,764.06 90.65

Angler No. of Walleye HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 496.42 10 16 26 0.02 0.03 0.05 79,134 3,725 1,594.11 75.04 4,144.68 195.11 May 313.92 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 205.96 11.86 205.96 11.86 June 344.83 41 33 74 0.12 0.10 0.21 105,393 4,757 12,530.98 565.62 22,616.88 1,020.88 July 527.62 98 21 119 0.19 0.04 0.23 186,150 9,566 34,575.62 1,776.78 41,984.68 2,157.52 August 331.67 37 16 53 0.11 0.05 0.16 161,195 6,817 17,982.58 760.50 25,758.84 1,089.36 Total 2755.62 187 86 273 0.07 0.03 0.10 730,267 36,114 66,889.25 3,189.80 94,711.04 4,474.73

Angler No. of Largescale sucker HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 29,608 2,039 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 431.65 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 104,134 5,486 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 496.42 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 79,134 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 313.92 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 64,654 3,725 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 344.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 105,393 4,757 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 527.62 0 3 3 0.00 0.01 0.01 186,150 9,566 0.00 0.00 1,058.44 54.39 August 331.67 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 161,195 6,817 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 2755.62 0 3 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 730,267 36,114 0.00 0.00 1,058.44 54.39

174 Table 133. Continued. Angler Grand Grand Grand HPUE CPUE CPUE Grand Grand Grand Harvest Grand Catch Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 309.52 133 0 133 0.43 0.00 0.43 29,608 2,039 12,722.46 875.96 12,722.46 875.96 February 431.65 59 1 60 0.14 0.00 0.14 104,134 5,486 14,233.49 749.83 14,474.73 762.54 March 496.42 56 16 72 0.11 0.03 0.15 79,134 3,725 8,927.00 420.23 11,477.58 540.30 May 313.92 19 6 25 0.06 0.02 0.08 64,654 3,725 3,913.21 225.43 5,148.96 296.62 June 344.83 52 52 104 0.15 0.15 0.30 105,393 4,757 15,892.95 717.38 31,785.89 1,434.75 July 527.62 182 120 302 0.34 0.23 0.57 186,150 9,566 64,211.87 3,299.73 106,549.36 5,475.38 August 331.67 65 77 142 0.20 0.23 0.43 161,195 6,817 31,591.03 1,336.01 69,014.24 2,918.66 Total 2755.62 566 272 838 0.21 0.10 0.30 730,267 36,114 151,492.00 7,624.57 251,173.22 12,304.21

175 Table 134. Catch and harvest estimates for all species caught by anglers in Section 3 of Lake Roosevelt, WA (2004).

Angler No. of Rainbow trout HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 208 16 224 0.59 0.05 0.64 30,853 1,920 18,216.39 1,133.84 19,617.66 1,221.06 February 562.58 319 14 333 0.57 0.02 0.59 55,418 4,227 31,423.48 2,396.68 32,802.56 2,501.86 March 932.83 399 17 416 0.43 0.02 0.45 54,877 3,139 23,472.44 1,342.69 24,472.52 1,399.89 May 955.12 245 66 311 0.26 0.07 0.33 72,239 5,137 18,530.22 1,317.61 23,522.04 1,672.56 June 1053.83 203 45 248 0.19 0.04 0.24 125,975 7,949 24,266.59 1,531.21 29,645.88 1,870.64 July 533.92 112 23 135 0.21 0.04 0.25 125,943 7,101 26,419.10 1,489.57 31,844.45 1,795.47 August 379.00 42 27 69 0.11 0.07 0.18 106,880 6,156 11,844.22 682.16 19,458.37 1,120.69 Total 4769.57 1,528 208 1,736 0.32 0.04 0.36 572,184 35,628 154,172.45 9,893.76 181,363.48 11,582.17

Angler No. of Kokanee salmon HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 4 0 4 0.01 0.00 0.01 30,853 1,920 350.32 21.80 350.32 21.80 February 562.58 8 0 8 0.01 0.00 0.01 55,418 4,227 788.05 60.10 788.05 60.10 March 932.83 5 0 5 0.01 0.00 0.01 54,877 3,139 294.14 16.83 294.14 16.83 May 955.12 9 0 9 0.01 0.00 0.01 72,239 5,137 680.70 48.40 680.70 48.40 June 1053.83 27 3 30 0.03 0.00 0.03 125,975 7,949 3,227.58 203.66 3,586.20 226.29 July 533.92 15 2 17 0.03 0.00 0.03 125,943 7,101 3,538.27 199.50 4,010.04 226.10 August 379.00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 106,880 6,156 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 4769.57 68 5 73 0.01 0.00 0.02 572,184 35,628 8,879.06 550.29 9,709.44 599.52

Angler No. of Chinook salmon HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,853 1,920 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 562.58 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,418 4,227 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 932.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 54,877 3,139 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 955.12 4 0 4 0.00 0.00 0.00 72,239 5,137 302.53 21.51 302.53 21.51 June 1053.83 3 0 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 125,975 7,949 358.62 22.63 358.62 22.63 July 533.92 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 125,943 7,101 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 August 379.00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 106,880 6,156 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 4769.57 7 0 7 0.00 0.00 0.00 572,184 35,628 661.15 44.14 661.15 44.14

176 Table 134. Continued. Angler No. of Smallmouth bass HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,853 1,920 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 562.58 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,418 4,227 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 932.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 54,877 3,139 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 955.12 13 409 422 0.01 0.43 0.44 72,239 5,137 983.24 69.91 31,917.37 2,269.52 June 1053.83 38 347 385 0.04 0.33 0.37 125,975 7,949 4,542.51 286.63 46,022.84 2,904.02 July 533.92 33 139 172 0.06 0.26 0.32 125,943 7,101 7,784.20 438.89 40,572.18 2,287.56 August 379.00 47 269 316 0.12 0.71 0.83 106,880 6,156 13,254.25 763.37 89,113.69 5,132.45 Total 4769.57 131 1,164 1,295 0.03 0.24 0.27 572,184 35,628 26,564.20 1,558.81 207,626.08 12,593.54

Angler No. of Yellow perch HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,853 1,920 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 562.58 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,418 4,227 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 932.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 54,877 3,139 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 May 955.12 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 72,239 5,137 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 June 1053.83 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 125,975 7,949 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 July 533.92 2 0 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 125,943 7,101 471.77 26.60 471.77 26.60 August 379.00 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 106,880 6,156 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 4769.57 2 0 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 572,184 35,628 471.77 26.60 471.77 26.60

Angler No. of Walleye HPUE CPUE CPUE Total Harvest Total Catch Month Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 30,853 1,920 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 February 562.58 0 0 0 0.00 0.00 0.00 55,418 4,227 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 March 932.83 1 0 1 0.00 0.00 0.00 54,877 3,139 58.83 3.37 58.83 3.37 May 955.12 9 1 10 0.01 0.00 0.01 72,239 5,137 680.70 48.40 756.34 53.78 June 1053.83 15 6 21 0.01 0.01 0.02 125,975 7,949 1,793.10 113.14 2,510.34 158.40 July 533.92 19 0 19 0.04 0.00 0.04 125,943 7,101 4,481.81 252.70 4,481.81 252.70 August 379.00 16 2 18 0.04 0.01 0.05 106,880 6,156 4,512.09 259.87 5,076.10 292.35 Total 4769.57 60 9 69 0.01 0.00 0.01 572,184 35,628 11,526.52 677.48 12,883.41 760.60

177 Table 134. Continued. Angler Grand Grand Grand HPUE CPUE CPUE Grand Grand Grand Harvest Grand Catch Hours Harvest Release Total Harvest Release Total PE ±95% CI Harvest ±95% CI Catch ±95% CI January 352.28 212 16 228 0.60 0.05 0.65 30,853 1,920 18,566.71 1,155.65 19,967.97 1,242.87 February 562.58 327 14 341 0.58 0.02 0.61 55,418 4,227 32,211.53 2,456.78 33,590.61 2,561.97 March 932.83 405 17 422 0.43 0.02 0.45 54,877 3,139 23,825.41 1,362.88 24,825.49 1,420.08 May 955.12 280 476 756 0.29 0.50 0.79 72,239 5,137 21,177.40 1,505.84 57,178.98 4,065.77 June 1053.83 286 401 687 0.27 0.38 0.65 125,975 7,949 34,188.40 2,157.27 82,123.88 5,181.98 July 533.92 181 164 345 0.34 0.31 0.65 125,943 7,101 42,695.15 2,407.25 81,380.25 4,588.41 August 379.00 105 298 403 0.28 0.79 1.06 106,880 6,156 29,610.56 1,705.40 113,648.15 6,545.49 Total 4769.57 1,796 1,386 3,182 0.38 0.29 0.67 572,184 35,628 202,275.15 12,751.08 412,715.34 25,606.57

178 Appendix C. Test Fishery Protocol

The following protocols must be observed in order to be covered by the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife sampling permit. The test fishery will commence at the Spring Canyon boat launch on January 5, 2005 at 7:00 AM and continue through January 15, 2004. Angler diaries, measuring equipment, and sample vessels must be acquired prior to beginning the test fishery. Equipment can be picked up at 7:00 AM at the boat ramp on January 15, 2005 or by special arrangement. Equipment and fish samples should be turned in to a Spokane Tribal representative no later than 4:30 PM on the final day of the test fishery, unless other arrangements are made. Angler journals will be collected at the end of the week. Thanks for your participation and good luck angling!

Sampling Equipment list 9 Angler diary (one per boat) 9 Stomach jars filled with ethanol 9 Scale envelopes 9 Ziploc freezer bags (1 Qt) 9 Scissors or knife 9 Genetics kit

Protocols 9 Must carry a current WDFW or Tribal Fishing License. 9 No more than two poles per person. 9 Harvest no more than 20 kokanee per boat per day and 5 rainbow trout per angler per day. 9 Each boat is required to process the fish as they are caught. 9 All samples must be turned in to a STOI Staff by 2:00 Friday, January 9. Or make arrangements with STOI Staff. 9 Record all requested information in the angler journal. 9 Identify hatchery origin rainbow trout by deformed dorsal and pectoral fins or presence of a ®Floy tag. 9 Pay special attention to hatchery origin kokanee for multiple fin clips. 9 Collect scales from each fish captured, place in a scale envelope labeled with fish identification data. 9 Collect stomachs from each kokanee and preserve in ethanol in a vial labeled with fish identification data. 9 Cut off a small portion of tissue or hole-punch the dorsal fin of all kokanee and place tissue in an ethanol filled pre-numbered genetics vial (provided) and vial ID number in journal.

*Please contact one of the following individuals with questions:

Chuck Lee WK (509) 258-7020 Ext. 26, Cell (509) 994-7638 Hank Etue WK (509) 258-7020 Ext. 23, Cell (509) 721-1041 Deanne Pavlik WK (509) 258-7020 Ext. 24, Cell (509) 951-7343

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