Pituitary Hormones

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Hypothalamus and Hypothalamo- pituitary axis Dr Jayanti Pant Hypothalamus- Master of endocrine Orchestra Hypothalamo-pituitary-thyroid axis Hypothalamo-pituitary – adreno-cortical axis Hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis Hypothalamo-sympatho-adrenal axis Hypophysiotropic hormones TRH CRH GnRH GRH GIH/Somatostatin PIH PRH Releasing hormones Thyrotropin Releasing hormones (TRH) -Secreted from paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus -Stimulates TSH -Also promotes GH and Prolacin Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) - Secreted by Arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus - Stimulates LH, FSH Releasing hormones Corticotropin Releasing Hormone (CRH) - Secreted from Paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus - Stimulates ACTH - Promotes POMC gene in corticotrophs - Also promotes endorphins and lipotrophins secretion Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) - Secreted from arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus - Stimulates secretion of GH Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH) -Stimulates prolactin secretion Inhibiting Hormones Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) -Secreted from anterior periventricular nucleus - Inhibits growth hormone, prolactin, TSH Prolactin Inhibiting hormone (PIH) - Dopamine secreted from arcuate nucleus - Inhibits Prolactin, TSH,GH Kallaman’s syndrome Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism Hyposmia or anosmia Common in men Mutation of KALIG1 gene on X chromosome Quantity and sensitivity of receptors Regulated by the hormone concentrations 1. Up-regulation 2. Down – regulation 3. Desensitization Cell types in anterior pituitary Somatotropes Corticotropes Thyrotropes Gonadotropes Lactotropes/Mammotropes Hypopituitarism is marked by abnormal pallor Hyperpigmentation in adrenal insufficiency Effects of Pituitary insufficiency Destroyed by disease- Supracellar cysts Pituitary tumors Postpartum necrosis – Sheehan syndrome Remnanats of Rathke pouch enlargement and compression of pituitary Hypopituitarism Adrenal cortex atrophies Stress induced aldosterone secretion is absent Growth is inhibited Thyroid function is depressed Gonads atrophy Hypophysectomy ameliorates diabetes mellitus Diabetes Insipidus .

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Somatostatin in the Periventricular Nucleus of the Female Rat: Age Specific Effects of Estrogen and Onset of Reproductive Aging
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