A World FREE of Nuclear Weapons IS

EWI Brings Ban Ki-Moon to the Table on DisarmPresident’sament A world free of nucleMessagear weapons is possible

he past decade has seen significant advances in the cause of arms reduction, but the threat posed by remain- ing stockpiles of weapons of mass Tdestruction and the potential emergence of new nuclear powers continues to cast a shadow over the international stage. The recent momentum from New START and the first-ever U.N. Security Council Summit on Nuclear Non-proliferation and Disarmament >> In this issue: in 2009 reflect a trend toward supporting disarmament, but there is clearly serious work EWI Economic Security Initiative to be done. In this spirit, EWI’s WMD Program held its third nuclear disarmament forum at Working Together with Russia U.N. headquarters on the 66th United Na- tions Day, Oct. 24, 2011. > [PAGE 3] the new delhi summit process

Alumni: Aaron Presnall

EWI President and CEO John Edwin Mroz, EWI Co-Chairman Francis Finlay and U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon The first ROGUCCI report is available at: http://www.ieee-rogucci.org/ Highlights

ROGUCCI Seminar Held at Goldman Sachs Developments EWI held its 12th meeting on the security of global digital trans- The discussants and a diverse group of attendees, drawn from missions on Nov. 10. Hosted in New York by Goldman Sachs, the the ranks of engineers, cable laying companies, and organiza- meeting reviewed key recommendations from the ongoing Reli- tions that depend on high reliability in Internet communications, ability of Global Undersea Communications Cable Infrastructure reviewed key recommendations of previous ROGUCCI meetings Latest News from EWI’s Initiatives (ROGUCCI) process. and listed new priorities for dependable communications.

EWI Launches New EWI Brings Ban Ki-Moon to the Table on Disarmament Delhi Summit Process

On Nov. 15, EWI and Indian Communications & Infor- mation Technology Minister Shri Kapil Sibal announced President’s Message that the Third Worldwide Cybersecurity Summit will be held in New Delhi on Oct. 30–31, 2012. In Dear Readers, preparation for the summit, EWI and its Indian partners launched the New Delhi Learn More elcome to this second edition of EWI’s new Highlights. I was pleased to Summit Process, initially composed EWI also unveiled its report hear positive feedback to our launch issue, and I am excited to see the of three high-level working groups of Building Momentum for a World institute’s communications efforts steadily improving. The greater EWI Indian and international experts, each Free of Nuclear Weapons, the community deserves to know what we do and how we do it. Since I last taking on a crucial cybersecurity issue. product of the ongoing Nuclear Wwrote in these pages, the global economy has inched closer to the brink, and, in Discussion Forum. Read it at Libya and Syria, the world has seen the next act of the Arab Awakening unfold. “India is a vital market and policy cre- www.ewi.info/ndf2011 ator in the global information technol- The Institute has responded to this wave of uncertainty by launching its Economic ogy industry,” EWI Board Co-Chairman Security Initiative at our Awards dinner on October 13. We have brought aboard Ross Perot, Jr., said at the launch event some of the major players in addressing the critical water-food-energy nexus. New in New Delhi. “As such India is an essen- EWI Report Promotes board member Kevin McGovern, founder of The Water Initiative, was recognized as tial partner in the international policy a Global Game Changer at our dinner for his remarkable innovations in distributing process. We are proud to bring the sum- Full Mutual Recognition > [CONTINUED] clean drinking water to impoverished regions of the world. This new undertaking, mit to India.” The day-long event, con- nuclear arsenals,” Ban said in his open- of Durand Line which incorporates our core Worldwide Security Initiative work, seeks to reframe vened by EWI in collaboration with The ing remarks. “This should include limits some of the greatest threats to essential resources and the global economy and Information for summit registration will Global Security Institute and the James on both non-strategic nuclear weapons On Nov. 7, EWI published then mobilize the international community towards action. be available shortly on EWI’s website. Martin Center for Nonproliferation and non-deployed weapons. And by Studies, brought together top-level ex- weapon reduction, I mean weapon Recognizing the Durand Line, We were also honored to be joined by U.N. Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon at our perts and officials to discuss the major destruction.” The secretary-general in which Brad L. Brasseur nuclear disarmament event on October 24. This event, which brought together disarmament issues of the day in both went on to note that the world popula- argues that mutual recognition of the high-level members of the disarmament policy community, produced a sober dis- plenary sessions and breakout groups. tion was seven days away from reaching colonial-era border between Afghani- cussion on major obstacles to our shared goal of a world free of nuclear weapons. The event marked the third anniversary seven billion, proclaiming that “a world stan and Pakistan known as the Durand Our United States and Russia program continues to make great strides, as seen in of Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon’s free of nuclear weapons is a concrete Line would allow both countries to more its progress on the Jackson–Vanik issue as well as its leadership in establishing a five point action plan for nuclear disar- possibility. Let us realize that dream effectively police their borders and facili- Joint Policy Assessment (JPA) between Russia and the United States on the status mament, originally introduced at the so that seven billion people can live in tate much-needed economic develop- of Afghan narco-trafficking. This work tackles an issue with significant potential to first such EWI event and documented peace and security.” ment in the border regions. The validity break down long-standing boundaries of distrust between these two great powers. in EWI’s 2009 publication Eliminating of the Durand Line is already supported the Nuclear Threat. The topics covered This challenge set the stage for the by international law and practice, he I would also like to extend a welcome to our new board members, who officially included the implementation of nuclear day’s discussions, which featured a writes, but only full mutual recognition joined the institute during our fall board meeting on October 14. The coming weapon–free zones, the possibility of number of key players in the disarma- will allow the two countries to cooperate months will offer numerous breakthrough events, including our third Chinese–U.S. disarmament through an international ment field including Indian Member of and move forward in peace. party-to-party talks. We hope you will keep an eye on ewi.info to stay up to date on convention or framework of agree- Parliament Mani Shankar Aiyar, General our ideas, events and publications. We appreciate your support and interest. ments, and establishing accountability (ret.) Michael Moseley, Teng Jianqun Read Recognizing for nuclear weapons reduction. of the China Institute of International the Durand Line Studies, and William Potter of the and other EWI EWI Co-Chairman Ross Perot, Jr., and Indian Minister of Communications and Information Technology Kapil Sibal “Most immediately, the world is expect- James Martin Center for Nonprolifera- reports at: ing a deeper reduction in the largest tion Studies. John Edwin Mroz www.ewi.info/ publications

2 EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 www.ewi.info www.ewi.info EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 3 Find more photos at: www.flickr.com/photos/ewinstitute/sets Highlights ewinstitute EastWestInstitute EastWestInstitute EWIpublications ewinstitute Afghanistan’s heroin pipeline WorkingBY MAX RUST AND PHIL GEIB Together with Russia No country understands this more than Russia, home to one of the world’s largest heroin Amid 10 years of war, Afghanistan has become the world’s primary supplier of opium addict populations and a partner, with the U.S., in stemming the flow of heroin. poppy, the plant used to make heroin. As the U.S.-Russia Bilateral Presidential Commission Counternarcotics Working Developments EWI The nation’s Continues leading cash crop isto responsible Make for billions Headway of dollars in societal in costsU.S.–Russia Group meets this Relations week in Chicago, Tribune Newspapers, with assistance from the New there and elsewhere, affecting areas such as health care and law enforcement. York-based EastWest Institute, examines the topic of Afghan heroin and its global reach. The supply he Jackson-Vanik AmendmentAfghanistan sia economicpoppy cultivation relationship by province in and2005 ...Russia’s ... and inexperts 2010 discussed a range of issues Providing nearlyto the 90 1974 percent Trade of the world’s Act denies per- WTO accession. Much of the Oct. 11 related to Afghan narcotrafficking, poppy crop, Afghanistan is by far the largest UZBEKISTAN TAJIKISTAN Production in the source of opiummanent and heroin. normal An overall trade rise relations in discussion centered on the Jackson- northernincluding provinces was the threats the industry poses EWI Launches Economic Security Initiative cut because of increased poppy cultivation since the 1990s can be TURKMENISTAN attributed toin some non-market part to the U.S.-led economies invasion that Vanik Amendment. Ambassador Kislyaklaw enforcementto Afghanistan, and Russia and the United Trestrictof the country emigration. in 2001 and the Though removal of the the United praised the dinner as one of the best counternarcoticsStates; efforts. links between the drug trade As a direct response to the wave of economic uncertainty sweeping the globe, Taliban regime, which, in 2000, placed a ban Stateson growing now the plants. formally Although considers cultivation Russia discussions on the issue that he had and insurgent groups; beneficiaries of alevels free nationwide market, are and nearly Russia the same allowsas in free participated in. the opium industry; the role of corrup- the EastWest Institute launched its Economic Security Initiative during 2005, a look at regional production reveals a emigration,slight geographic U.S.–Russia shift from north to trade south. is still tion in fostering narcotrafficking;Most production and the Fall 2011 Awards Dinner in Washington. complicated by the amendment—and In addition to its Jackson-Vanik work, opportunities for U.S.–Russiaoccurs incoop the - Cultivation of opium poppy southern theScale U.S.in thousands Congress of hectares seems reluctant to the U.S. Global EngagementPAKISTAN Program eration in countering the Aprovincesfghan, drug (one hectare equals 2.5 acres) IRAN IRAN where a lack of consider graduating Russia from the worked with the Moscow-based Russia trade. security prevents Afghanistan Myanmar Others Helmand province: Helmand province: enforcement. terms of the amendment. Program to26,500 hold hectares the first meeting of 65,045 hectares 250 the Joint U.S.–Russia Working Group The subject of narcotrafficking in EWI’s200 U.S. Global Engagement Program on Afghan Narcotrafficking in Washing- Afghanistan was further discussed in World heroin production, 2009 In tons and150 the Carnegie Council for Ethics in ton, D.C., on Sept. 26–27. The objective Washington, D.C., at a Nov. 18 meeting The primary end product of poppy production is heroin, of which Afghanistan is by far the world’s leading provider. International100 Affairs brought together of the working group, funded by the held by EWI in cooperation with the members of the business, academic CarnegieAfghanistan: Corporation 380 (83%) of New York, is Mexico:Center 40 (9%)for StrategicMyanmar: 25and (5%) InternationalIndia: 15 (3%) 50 and non-profit communities on Sept. to produce a joint threat assessment Studies (CSIS). The event featured Vik-

17 to1996 ’97consider’98 ’99 ’00 ’01 the’02 ’03 future’04 ’05 ’06 ’07 of’08 this’09 ’10 aspect (JTA) followed by a joint policy assess-NOTE: Onetor other Ivanov, minor producer, director Colombia, of is the not included Federal in the chart.Drug of Jackson-Vanik. If left in place, this ment (JPA), suggesting cooperative Control Service (FSKN) of the Russian arrangementThe demand would harm the U.S.–Rus- bilateral and multilateral measures Federation, who discussed the global EWI Awards recepients: siaHeroin economic and opium depart relationship Afghanistan asfor theirRussia destined marketsdesigned through three to major undercut gateways. drug From productionthese areas, the drugs aredrug smuggled trade to countrieswith a arounddiverse the audience world via land and, increasingly, by plane and ship. Along the way, the drugs pass through some of the world’s highest per capita opiate-consuming nations. The Water Initiative, Russell 20-20 joins the World Trade Organization and narcotrafficking out ofA fghanistan. representing numerous U.S. federal WI will apply its unique method international communications cable Iran “Northern Route” Association and IEEE Pakistan Kazak. of convening, reframing and infrastructure. The award was accepted next year. The U.S.Most heroinGlobal enters Engage from Afghanistan’s- This working groupHeroin is enters addressing mainly from a the key agencies, the military,Heroin flows civil across society, Afghanistan’s mobilizing key actors on criti- by IEEE’s Curtis Siller, Jack Howell and ment Program Kandaharalso brought and Helmand together provinces, security threat ofAfghan mutual border concern but also from to the academics, mediaporous and northern diplomatic border into mis- where a lack of law enforcement and a Pakistan. The drug is then moved Uzbek. Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, then cal security issues to challenges Robert Kahn. prominent membersrelatively ofstrong the Taliban business presence United States andto the Russia. coast, through Such Iraq, work across sions. IvanovTajik. arguedultimately that to Kazakhstan. the global In facilitate smuggling. The bulk is the border to Azerbaijan, and 2009, 83 percent of the heroin Eposed by resource scarcity, vulner- community,Afghan. members of Congress and can aid Afghan.in the “reset” of U.S.–Russia narcoticsAfghan. flow fromA fghanistan and Abu Dhabi moved through Lahore, Karachi and primarily through Turkey and on entering Afghanistan’s northern abilities in the global digital economy, The Economic Security Game Chang- administrationPak. other officials coastal cities, for where a dinner it is with relationsIran by deliveringto Europe positive through a channel momen - Latin America neighborhas had countries a demonstrable was trafficked Russian Ambassadorforwarded Sergey to Europe, Kislyak Southeast Asiaat tum, confidence-buildingknown as the “Balkan and Route.”policy impact on the onwardglobal to financial Russia, where crisis.the and other key economic areas. As in its er Award was presented to The Water Process Continues and, increasingly, Africa, where Lax visa requirements along the majority of it was consumed. The other activities, EWI will work to mobi- Initiative for its commitment to devel- hisKarachi residence torelatively discuss weak the law enforcementU.S.–Rus is- impact. During theway two-daymake this a favored meeting, route rest was trafficked onward to among traffickers. Eastern Europe. lize the international community toward oping and providing point-of-drinking at Pakistan’s advantageous to smugglers. decisive action. water filtration equipment to developing National Assembly KEY Russia: Big market country communities. The award was Afghan heroin trafficking volumes to other countries, 2009 to the north In metric tons The Awards Dinner, held at the Embassy accepted by Kevin McGovern, president On Sept. 13–14, Dr. Fehmida Mirza, the According to the United 0.5 – 10 11 – 38 59 – 160 Nations, Russia is home to of the United Arab Emirates on Oct. of The Water Initiative and a new EWI Speaker of the National Assembly of nearly 1.7 million opiate 13, featured the presentation of three board member. Pakistan, hosted the Afghanistan–Paki- Use of opiates 2009* users. The vast majority of As percentage of the total population age 15-64 them are heroin addicts, but awards to major organizations in the stan Parliamentary Dialogue of EWI’s 0.0% – 0.3% 0.31% – 1.0% 1.1% – 5.9% No data that figure could be higher, according to some estimates. economic security field. The Economic Security Initiative will Abu Dhabi Process in the National As- *2009 or latest year available. Includes heroin, opium and other nonlegal opiates. build on several of the institute’s exist- North Health costs sembly of Pakistan. The purpose of the EUROPE The George F. Russell, Jr. Economic ing programs, including the Worldwide dialogue was to seek increased parlia- 95.2% 73.5* Percentage of Drug- Security Award was presented to the Security Conference and the Worldwide mentary cooperation in this critically Russia Russian drug related Russell 20-20 Association, a non-profit Cybersecurity Initiative, while introduc- important bilateral relationship. Deputy users receiving deaths per treatment who 1 million group of 40 organizations and individu- ing a focused approach to addressing Speaker Mr. Faisal Karim Kundi repre- Canada were treated for Russians als worth over $9 trillion in total, for challenges in the food-water-energy opiates in 2009. age 15-64. sented Mirza during the proceedings, Central ASIA their dedication to emerging market nexus in critical parts of the world. which resulted in three joint recom- SE EUROPE Biggest heroin consumers investment over the past 21 years. The Metric tons, 2008 mendations and a statement emphasiz- United Turkey States Europe 88 award was accepted by Ralph Layman The institute’s previous related work, China ing the bilateral commitment toward Iran Afghan. of GE Asset Management. such as its Amu Darya Basin Network reconciliation. Russia 70 China 45 and numerous publications on vital MIDDLE Pakistan South EAST Myanmar Africa 24 NOTE: Europe The EWI Cybersecurity Award was resources, will now be unified under Participants noted the positive develop- ASIA figure excludes Russia U.S./Canada 22 presented to the IEEE for its vision and a consistent programmatic umbrella. SE ASIA and Turkey ments that marked bilateral relations AFRICA *One of the highest per-capita rates foresight in serving as technical spon- Keep an eye on the EWI website and in recent years, but recognized that among reporting countries. The U.S. sor for the ROGUCCI initiative, which future issues of Highlights to stay up to the challenges of transition will require rate is higher, at more than 100 deaths. is currently working to break political date with the institute’s ground-break- more efforts to develop the relationship OCEANIA stalemates in efforts to secure undersea ing economic security work. and build mutual confidence and trust. SOURCES: U.N. Office on Drugs and Crime, EastWest TheInstitute, Chicago “War and Tribune produced a full-page infographic and interview in cooperation with EWI. To see more, please visit bit.ly/CT-EWI Drugs in Afghanistan,” by Vanda Felbab-Brown 4 EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 www.ewi.info www.ewi.infoin World Politics EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 5 Review, Congressional Research Service TRIBUNE NEWSPAPERS Connect with EWI’s alumni network on Facebook and LinkedIn: search for “EastWest Institute alumni” Highlights

EWI Alumnus Aaron Presnall Change Agents Before founding the Jefferson Institute, Aaron Presnall served with EWI in Prague for seven years, then in Belgrade as a Regional Director of Southeast Europe.

How does your experience at the EastWest Institute inform your People from EWI’s Past and Present leadership of the Jefferson Institute today?

I witnessed firsthand practical exhibi- EWI Welcomes New Board Members tion of the principle that the limits or our st own minds are the biggest barriers to Newest additions to our Board reflect our growth in 21 century issue areas progress. EWI is successful because it and our commitment to private-public partnership. systematically casts those limits aside. That can feel chaotic or even intellectu- he EastWest Institute an- depends on the valuable experience of The new board members are: Angela ally violent at times, but it is a deeply nounced six new board mem- its board members to enable its unique Chen, Anurag Jain, Kevin McGovern, creative space. EWI is able to point bers in October, adding years of convening role among key policy com- Ronald P. O’Hanley, William A. Owens, out the blindingly obvious that others, insight into areas such as China, munities. These additions to our board and John Rogers. EWI also thanks de- trapped in their narrow worldviews, fail Tmilitary affairs, resource security, and reflect our growth in 21st century issue parting board members Thor Bjorgolfs- to see. the economy. areas and our commitment to private- son, Don Kendall, Jr., Mike Maples, We empower people in the United diverse and self-aware. We communi- public partnership,” EWI President and Frank Neuman, Hilton J. Smith and Can you trace the history of how the States and Eurasia with information so cate, gather, collaborate and support “The success of the Institute’s work CEO John Edwin Mroz said. Bill Ury for their service to the institute. Jefferson Institute came about fol- that they might better know their own one another. I work with EWI alumni on lowing your work in EWI’s Prague and and their neighbors’ true interests. We a daily basis. Ironically, the one figure Belgrade offices? build and use visualization tools to tell that rarely weighs in on our network is Dr. Kanwal Sibal policy narratives, because humans can EWI itself. I think that the challenge for I was at EWI for 7 years before I became visually process and intuit the trends, EWI is to move beyond trying to create Recognized as EWI her Regional Director for Southeast the anomalies, the correlations within or to manage an alumni program. We Director of the Year Europe in 2001. So, I had seen a number data with incredible speed—much do that already and have done it for of field offices spin off already: Warsaw, faster than via spread sheets or lists. decades. EWI needs only to pause for Budapest, Kosice. It was a personal Our weekly data analysis column in The a moment, to observe and join, friend challenge that I feared and craved—like Angela Chen (U.S./China) Ronald P. O’Hanley, III (U.S.) Wall Street Journal, Politics Counts, and or follow the network and social nodes most entrepreneurs, I suppose. My our regular appearances on the PBS that are already there. Founder and Managing Director, President, Asset Management wife, Biljana—another illustrious EWI Global Alliance Associates and Corporate Services, News Hour suggest that we are onto Director, China Arts Foundation International Fidelity Investments alumna—quickly lost patience sitting on something. What was your most memorable the sideline and joined me at JI, where “EWI moment” while working at the she remains the creative force respon- More and more of policymaking is institute? sible for nearly every detail in our work data driven, and more and more data that makes you sit back and say, “wow.” is available every day. Yet, only a thin My first occurred the late winter day I EWI was tremendously supportive—with slice of society has the tools, skill and arrived for my interview with Stephen mentors like Don Brown helping get our confidence to tell the stories that are Heintz in Prague to be his executive as- On Oct. 14 the EastWest Institute staff finance systems in place, Bob Plessinger buried within data. We open-sourced sistant. At the time, Stephen was among recognized Dr. Kanwal Sibal as the 2011 on IT, Dagmar Aserova on HR, Stephen VIDI, our suite of data visualization tools, the final three in a contest to name the Director of the Year. Sibal accepted the Heintz and Vasil Hudak on governance Anurag Jain (India) Admiral William A. Owens (U.S.) because we believe that pluralizing the next president of Wesleyan University. I award at the EWI Board of Directors and strategy. John was hugely impor- policy discourse is good for democracy had been a student trustee at Wesleyan Chairman, Laurus Edutech Pvt Ltd. Chairman, AEA Holdings Asia meeting in Washington, D.C. tant—first of all in explicitly instructing Fmr. Vice Chairman, U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff and generates superior policy outcomes the year before and knew personally his senior staff to help us in any way over time. Over 450 websites are using every member of the selection commit- More than anyone else, Dr. Sibal is re- they could, but also in moral and spiri- the tool kit—from national news plat- tee, so my “interview” consisted primarily sponsible for bringing EWI’s Worldwide tual support. I had a great long lunch forms to PTA activists. of Stephen extracting every bit of insight Cybersecurity Summit to New Delhi for with him in a New York diner, devoted to I had on the Wesleyan board. It was a fun its third annual conference in 2012. His lessons from the early start-up days of We were happy to see you at the 30th conversation, brimming with ideas on commitment to EWI’s mission, his active EWI—what he did right, how he might do Anniversary Alumni Dinner this past the potential for strengthening that great collaboration with the institute’s work, it differently if he tried again today. May. What should the institute be university’s core. He did not get the job, and his deep knowledge of world affairs doing to engage alumni more effec- but I did. Most days at EWI were like that: have been an invaluable asset. What are the Jefferson Institute’s tively? totally unpredictable, a lot of fun and Kevin McGovern (U.S.) John Rogers (U.S.) major areas of focus? ripe with fundamentally transformative Chairman, The Water Initiative Managing Director, Goldman Sachs & Co. The EWI alumni network is very healthy, opportunity.

6 EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 www.ewi.info www.ewi.info EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 7 Find out more at: affordableworldsecurity.org Highlights Coming Up March 27–28 | Washington, D.C. Affordable World Security Conference: Choice Points for America. The W.P. Carey December 4–10 | Washington, D.C., December 5–9 | Washington, D.C. foundation, in collaboration with EWI, will Texas and Missouri IEEE Globecom Conference 2011. EWI will host the first conference in Washington, D.C., Fourth U.S.–China High-Level Political chair an Industry Forum on Cybersecurity. on assuring world security in the 21st century. Party Leaders Dialogue. Senior representa- tives from the Chinese Communist Party and January 23–24 | Geneva March 27–29 | London prominent U.S. Democrats and Republicans The Geneva Dialogue on Protecting Criti- Combating Cyber Crime: International will meet with the aim of increasing contact, cal Infrastructure from Cyberattacks. This Aspects. This international conference on familiarity and trust between the countries’ dialogue will be organized by the Geneva cyber crime will be organized by London First political elites. Security Forum in collaboration with EWI and in partnership with EWI. the Swiss Confederation. .

EastWest Institute New York Center 11 East 26th Street, 20th Floor New York, NY 10010 United States of America

Highlights

8 EWI Highlights | WINTER 2012 www.ewi.info