DOCSLIB.ORG

Listing Prospectus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Listing Prospectus THE FACT THAT THE HO CHI MINH CITY STOCK EXCHANGE GRANTS THE REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES LISTING IMPLIES THAT THE SECURITIES LISTING COMPLIES WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS WITHOUT ANY GUARANTEE OF THE VALUE OF SECURITIES. ANY STATEMENTS AGAINST THIS ARE ILLEGAL. LISTING PROSPECTUS HOANG ANH GIA LAI AGRICULTURAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY (Business registration certificate No. 5900712753 granted by the Service of Planning and Investment of Gia Lai Province for the first time on 26 May 2010 and the 13th Amended Business Registration Certificate on 04 June 2015) STOCK LISTING ON HO CHI MINH CITY STOCK EXCHANGE (Listing Registration Decision No. 278/QD-SGDHCM issued by Ho Chi Minh City Stock Exchange on 10 July 2015) ADVISORY ORGANIZATION SAIGON SECURITIES INCORPORATION THIS PROSPECTUS AND ITS SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS ARE AVAILABLE AT: HOANG ANH GIA LAI AGRICULTURAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY (HAGL AGRICO) Head office: 15 Truong Chinh, Phu Dong Ward, Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province Tel.: (84-59) 22 22 283 Fax: (84-59) 22 22 218 Website: haagrico.com.vn SAIGON SECURITIES INCORPORATION (SSI) Head office: 72 Nguyen Hue, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Tel.: (84-8) 38 24 28 97 Fax: (84-8) 38 24 29 97 Website: www.ssi.com.vn PERSON IN CHARGE OF INFORMATION DISCLOSURE: Full name: Vo Thi My Hanh Position: Deputy General Director Tel.: (84-59) 22 22 283 Fax: (84-59) 22 22 218 Email: [email protected] LISTING PROSPECTUS HOANG ANH GIA LAI AGRICULTURAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY HOANG ANH GIA LAI AGRICULTURAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY (Business registration certificate No. 5900712753 granted by the Service of Planning and Investment of Gia Lai Province for the first time on 26 May 2010 and the 13th Amended Business Registration Certificate on 04 June 2015) STOCK LISTING ON HO CHI MINH CITY STOCK EXCHANGE Name of share : Share of Hoang Anh Gia Lai Agricultural Joint Stock Company Type of share : Ordinary share Par value : VND 10,000 /share Total listed volume : 708,143,895 shares Total value(by par value) : VND 7,081,438,950,000 (seven thousand eighty one billion, four hundred thirty eight million, nine hundred fifty thousand dongs) ADVISORY ORGANIZATION Saigon Securities Incorporation (SSI) Head office Address: 72 Nguyen Hue, Ben Nghe Ward, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Tel.: (84-8) 3824 2897 Fax: (84-8) 3824 2997 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ssi.com.vn Ha Noi Branch Address: 1C Ngo Quyen, Hoan Kiem District, Ha Noi Tel.: (84-4) 3936 6321 Fax: (84-4) 3936 6311 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ssi.com.vn AUDITING ORGANIZATION Ernst & Young Vietnam Ltd. Address: Floor 28 - Bitexco Financial Tower, No. 2 Hai Trieu, District 1, Ho Chi Minh City Tel.: (84-8) 3824 5252 Fax: (84-8) 3824 5250 Email: [email protected] Website: www.ey.com 2 LISTING PROSPECTUS HOANG ANH GIA LAI AGRICULTURAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY TABLE OF CONTENTS I. RISK FACTORS .................................................................................................................................. 8 1. Economic risks ...................................................................................................................................... 8 2. Legal risks ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3. Sector specific risks ............................................................................................................................ 10 4. Dilution risk.......................................................................................................................................... 12 5. Stock price risk .................................................................................................................................... 12 6. Other risks ........................................................................................................................................... 12 II. KEY PERSONS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE CONTENTS OF THIS PROSPECTUS ........................ 13 1. Listed organization .............................................................................................................................. 13 2. Advisory organization .......................................................................................................................... 13 III. DEFINITION AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ 14 IV. STATUS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LISTED ORGANIZATION ........................................ 15 1. History and development .................................................................................................................... 15 1.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 15 1.1.1 General information: ................................................................................................. 15 1.1.2 Main operations: ....................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Summary of history and development ...................................................................................... 16 1.3 History of increasing Company‟s charter capital ....................................................................... 17 2. The Company‟s organization structure and the Group‟s structure ..................................................... 20 3. The Company‟s management structure .............................................................................................. 22 3.1 General Shareholders‟ Meeting ................................................................................................ 23 3.2 Board of Directors ..................................................................................................................... 23 3.3 Board of Supervision ................................................................................................................. 23 3.4 Board of Management ............................................................................................................... 23 3.5 Functional departments ............................................................................................................. 24 3.5.1 Accounting Department ............................................................................................ 24 3.5.2 Finance Department ................................................................................................. 24 3.5.3 Technical Department ............................................................................................... 25 3.5.4 Exploiting and Processing Department ..................................................................... 25 3.5.5 Irrigation Control Department: .................................................................................. 25 3.5.6 Vegetation Protection Department: ........................................................................... 26 3.5.7 Legal Department: .................................................................................................... 26 4. List of founding shareholders, shareholders holding over 5% of the Company‟s share capital and share ownership rate .......................................................................................................................... 27 4.1 Founding shareholders ............................................................................................................. 27 3 LISTING PROSPECTUS HOANG ANH GIA LAI AGRICULTURAL JOINT STOCK COMPANY 4.2 List of shareholders holding over 5% of the Company‟s share capital and share ownership rate .................................................................................................................................................. 27 4.3 The Company‟s shareholder structure ...................................................................................... 28 5. List of Parent Company and Subsidiaries, Associates ....................................................................... 28 5.1 Parent Company ....................................................................................................................... 28 5.2 Subsidiaries ............................................................................................................................... 29 5.3 Associates ................................................................................................................................. 30 6. Business activities ............................................................................................................................... 31 6.1 Introduction of the Company‟s main operation ......................................................................... 31 6.1.1 Planting rubber and processing rubber latex ............................................................ 31 6.1.2 Sugarcane and thermal power .................................................................................. 35 6.1.3 Oil palm ..................................................................................................................... 39 6.1.4 Corn ........................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.42 6.1.5 Livestock farming ...................................................................................................... 42 6.1.6 Construction activities ..............................................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Vietnam: Situation of Indigenous Minority Groups in the Central Highlands
    writenet is a network of researchers and writers on human rights, forced migration, ethnic and political conflict WRITENET writenet is the resource base of practical management (uk) e-mail: [email protected] independent analysis VIETNAM: SITUATION OF INDIGENOUS MINORITY GROUPS IN THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS A Writenet Report commissioned by United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, Status Determination and Protection Information Section (DIPS) June 2006 Caveat: Writenet papers are prepared mainly on the basis of publicly available information, analysis and comment. All sources are cited. The papers are not, and do not purport to be, either exhaustive with regard to conditions in the country surveyed, or conclusive as to the merits of any particular claim to refugee status or asylum. The views expressed in the paper are those of the author and are not necessarily those of Writenet or UNHCR. TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Acronyms ....................................................................................... i Executive Summary ................................................................................. ii 1 Introduction........................................................................................1 1.1 Background Issues .......................................................................................2 2 The Central Highlands since the 2001 Protests ..............................4 2.1 Protests in 2001 and the “First Wave” of Refugees..................................4 2.2 Easter Protests of 2004 and the “Second
    [Show full text]
  • Study Into Impact of Yali Falls Dam on Resettled and Downstream Communities
    STUDY INTO IMPACT OF YALI FALLS DAM ON RESETTLED AND DOWNSTREAM COMMUNITIES Prepared by the Center for Natural Resources and Environmental Studies (CRES) Vietnam National University February, 2001 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 MAP. LOCATION OF STUDY SITES------------------------------------------------------------------5 I. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 1.1. YALI FALLS DAM ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 1.2. RESETTLEMENT SITES ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 1.3. DOWNSTREAM VILLAGES ------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 II. ITINERARY, STUDY SITES AND METHODOLOGY ------------------------------------- 10 2.1. ITINERARY ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 2.2. STUDY SITES-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.3. M ETHODOLOGY---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 III. RESULTS OF THE STUDY ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 13 3.1. RESETTLED VILLAGES --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    [Show full text]
  • NEW OPPORTUNITY  ANNUAL REPORT 2017 NEW OPPORTUNITY Annual Report 2017 TABLE of CONTENTS
    www.hagl.com.vn (+84) 2692222247 (+84) 2692222249 Vietnam Gia LaiProvince, City, 15 Truong ChinhStreet,Pleiku HAGL GROUP NEW OPPORTUNITY ANNUAL REPORT 2017 NEW OPPORTUNITY Annual report 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from the BOD Chairman 02 FOSTERING VALUES Preliminary financial information 04 Activities of the Board of Directors 38 Report of the Board of Supervision 40 CREATING VALUES Investor relation 42 General information 09 Risk management 42 Significant milestones 10 Shareholder structure 44 Administration model 12 Administrative organization 14 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Business sectors 16 Economic development 48 Related companies 18 Responsibility to community 50 Environment protection 52 NURTURING VALUES Mutual development 54 Information on the Board of Directors 22 Information on the Board of Management 24 SAVING VALUES Information on the Board of Supervision 25 Financial statements 58 Organization and Human Resources 26 Report on operations in 2017 28 Report and assessment of the Board of Directors 30 Report and assessment of the Board of Management 32 NEW OPPORTUNITY Having surmounted difficulties with unpredictable fluctuations in the global and Vietnam economies, HAGL identified business opportunities suitable for its competitive advantages, namely the agribusiness. A vast land bank in tropical climate zone and a substantial workforce build a solid foundation for HAGL’s participation in the worldwide value chain with rubber and fruit products. Also, HAGL’s competitiveness and victory in this value chain are ensured by the key factors of huge international market, firmly established channels of distribution, and application of mechanization and leading- edge technology. HAGL is determined to pursue guidelines in the far and sustainable future for producing and supplying hygenic tropical fruit products to the world.
    [Show full text]
  • Tóm Tắt Luận Án Tiến Sĩ Lâm Nghiệp
    ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NÔNG LÂM NGUYỄN VĂN VŨ NGHIÊN CỨU HIỆN TRẠNG PHÂN BỐ VÀ GIẢI PHÁP BẢO TỒN, PHÁT TRIỂN LOÀI TMC (ASPARAGUS RACEMOSUS WILLD.) TẠI TỈNH GIA LAI Ngành: Lâm Sinh Mã số: 9.62.02.05 TÓM TẮT LUẬN ÁN TIẾN SĨ LÂM NGHIỆP NGƯỜI HƯỚNG DẪN KHOA HỌC 1. PGS. TS. NGUYỄN DANH 2. TS. TRẦN MINH ĐỨC HUẾ – NĂM 2020 Công trình được hoàn thành tại: Trường Đại học Nông Lâm, Đại học Huế Người hướng dẫn khoa học: 1- PGS.TS. Nguyễn Danh 2- TS. Trần Minh Đức Phản biện 1: ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................... Phản biện 2: ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................... Phản biện 3: ................................................................................................. ................................................................................................... Luận án sẽ được bảo vệ tại Hội đồng chấm luận án cấp Đại học Huế. Hội đồng tổ chức tại ............................................................................................................................... Vào hồi ..…... giờ.............., ngày ...… tháng .…. năm 2020 Có thể tìm hiểu luận án tại: ................................................................................... ...............................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineral Industry of Cambodia in 2010
    2010 Minerals Yearbook CAMBODIA U.S. Department of the Interior August 2012 U.S. Geological Survey THE MINERAL INDUSTRY OF CAMBODIA By Yolanda Fong-Sam In 2010, industrial minerals dominated the production of management. At present, Cambodia uses coal-fired powerplants minerals in Cambodia. They included sand and gravel and and diesel-powered generators as the main sources of energy crushed stone consumed domestically by the construction production. The Government was envisioning having a nuclear industry, and limestone, which was used for the production of powerplant built by 2020. The Government indicated that it cement. was aware of some of the challenges posed by switching to nuclear power, including the requirements for technology, Government Policies and Programs trained personnel, financing, and the acquisition of materials (Steelguru.com, 2010). The Ministry of Industry, Mines and Energy (MIME), which implements Cambodia’s mineral law and policy, is the Production Government entity that leads the effort to promote and develop the industrial sector in the country. The Department of Geology The Department of Mineral Resources of Cambodia reported and Mines and the Department of Energy, which are both under that the output of industrial minerals in 2010 was more than the MIME, coordinate the development of the energy and twice that of 2009. The production of sand used as construction mineral sectors (Investincambodia.com, 2009). material increased to about 38.4 million metric tons (Mt) in The policy governing foreign direct investment (FDI) in the 2010 from about 14 Mt in 2009. The production of laterite country is based on the Law on Investment of the Kingdom of increased by 156% to about 1.6 Mt in 2010 from 631,000 metric Cambodia, which was enacted in 1994.
    [Show full text]
  • Montagnards) Report to the European Parliament August 2008 - Brussels
    VIETNAM’S BLUEPRINT FOR ETHNIC CLEANSING Persecution Against the Indigenous Degar People (Montagnards) Report to the European Parliament August 2008 - Brussels Died from Torture in Prison Murdered by Security Police A Montagnard Foundation Inc Report 1 www.montagnard-foundation.org CONTENTS SECTION 1: About the Montagnard Foundation, Inc ............................. 3 SECTION 2: A brief history of the Degar Montagnards………………………... 4 SECTION 3: Various photographs of Degar Montagnards……………………. 5 SECTION 4: Vietnam’s Blueprint for Ethnic Cleansing………………………….6 Extrajudicial Killings…………………………………………………………….6 -19 Imprisonment and Torture………………………………………………….19 - 23 Transmigration & Confiscation of Ancestral Land………………24 - 25 Deforestation & Environmental Destruction……………………………..26 Religious Persecution of Christians………………………………….…27 - 29 Sterilizations, Fines, Coercion, & Abuse of Family Planning.30 - 31 Refugee Persecution…………………………………………………………………32 Conclusion: Ethnic Cleansing……………………………………………………33 The Degar Montagnards are the indigenous peoples of South-East Asia who for over 2,000 years inhabited the “Central Highlands” (highlighted area). This region is geographically located in the western mountains of Vietnam (bordering Cambodia and Laos). The French colonial name “Montagnard” for these various ethnic tribal groups is being replaced by the indigenous term “Degar”. There are over a dozen tribes and sub groups who have (over the preceding decades) formed a collective common identity. 2 Section 1: About the Montagnard Foundation, Inc The Montagnard Foundation Inc. (MFI) is a these activists as to the Vietnamese private, non-profit corporation based in South government's international human rights Carolina, USA and operated by indigenous obligations, as a necessary step to obtain peoples known as the Degar Montagnards. The democratic reforms for all Vietnam’s citizens. organization was founded by Degar exiles in The Degar leaders inside Vietnam have 1990 and received its US tax-exempt status in contacted MFI to advance their cause at the 1992.
    [Show full text]
  • No Sanctuary Ongoing Threats to Indigenous Montagnards in Vietnam’S Central Highlands
    June 2006 Volume 18, Number 4 (C) No Sanctuary Ongoing Threats to Indigenous Montagnards in Vietnam’s Central Highlands I. Summary ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Reforms...................................................................................................................................... 3 Rights Abuses Persist ............................................................................................................... 4 Inadequate Monitoring............................................................................................................. 6 Key Recommendations............................................................................................................8 II. Violations of the Right to Religious Freedom...................................................................10 New Legal Framework...........................................................................................................11 Restrictions on Religious Gatherings...................................................................................13 Forced Recantations Continue .............................................................................................13 Pressure on Religious Leaders ..............................................................................................16 Travel Restrictions..................................................................................................................17
    [Show full text]
  • Vinacapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund (AIM: VOF) Investment Manager’S Monthly Update 30 June 2014
    VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity Fund (AIM: VOF) Investment Manager’s monthly update 30 June 2014 Manager’s comment Fund background Performance summary 30 June 2014 VinaCapital Vietnam Opportunity As at 30 June 2014, VOF’s net asset value was USD783.4 million or USD3.29 per share, NAV per share (USD): 3.29 Fund (VOF) is a closed-end fund representing a 2.3 percent increase from a net asset value per share of USD3.21 as at 31 trading on the AIM Market of the May 2014. During the month, the capital markets component of VOF’s portfolio, which Change (Month-on-month) 2.3% London Stock Exchange. includes OTC stocks, increased 3.5 percent, outperforming the VN Index which increased Total NAV (USD 'm): 783.4 ISIN: KYG9361Y1026 2.0 percent in USD terms. Notably, VOF investee companies Hoa Phat Group (HPG), PetroVietnam Services (PVS), PetroVietnam Gas (GAS) and Da Nang Rubber Company Share price (USD): 2.50 Bloomberg: VOF LN (DRC) increased 5.7, 9.1, 14.9 and 14.9 percent, respectively. VOF’s share price increased Market cap (USD 'm): 595.9 Reuters: VOF.L 6.4 percent to USD2.50 at the end of June from USD2.35 at the end of May. The Company’s share price to NAV discount narrowed to 23.9 percent in June. Premium/(discount) -23.9% During the month, VOF purchased 1.6 million shares as part of the share buyback Investment objective authority granted to the Company’s Board of Directors. Since the commencement of Cumulative change (% change) Medium to long-term capital the programme, VOF has spent USD166.4 million overall purchasing 86,355,265 shares gains with some recurring which are held as treasury shares and have reduced the voting rights in the Company to 3mth 1yr 3yr 5yr income and short-term profit 238,254,994.
    [Show full text]
  • Asset Survey for Small Scale Pro-Poor Infrastructure in Vietnam
    ASSET SURVEY FOR SMALL SCALE PRO-POOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN VIETNAM ASSET SURVEY FOR SMALL SCALE PRO-POOR INFRASTRUCTURE IN VIETNAM WATER SUPPLY SECTOR REPORT SECTOR REPORT WATER SUPPLY JANUARY 2011 JANUARY 2011 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NTC INTERNATIONAL CO., LTD . KATAHIRA ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL SA2 TOKYO ELECTRIC POWER SERVICES CO., LTD. CR 10-034 5 英文 給水 046516.402802.23.1.11 作業；藤川 PREFACE In response to request from the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, the Government of Japan had extended Sector Project Loan (SPL) for “The Rural Infrastructure Development and Living Standard Improvement Projects (SPL I to III)” from 1996 and “Small-Scale Pro-Poor Infrastructure Development Projects (SPL IV & V)” from 2003. Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted the survey to analyze the shortcomings in the planning of the infrastructure development projects and their operation, maintenance and management, and to develop the necessary information for the Japanese review of the SPL Projects. JICA dispatched a survey team, headed by Mr. TSUCHIYA Toshihiro of NTC International Co., Ltd. and consisting of NTC International Co., Ltd. and Katahira Engineering International and Tokyo Electric Power Services Co., Ltd. to the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam between April 2010 and October 2010. The team held discussions with officials concerned of the Government of the Socialist Republic of Viet Nam, and conducted the site surveys in the survey area. Upon returning to Japan, the team conducted further studies and prepared this final report. I hope that this report will contribute to the future development of the said Projects, and to the expansion of friendly and cooperative relation between our two countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Assessing Land Use Change in the Context of Climate Change and Proposing Solutions: Case Study in Gia Lai Province, Vietnam
    Research Article Assessing land use change in the context of climate change and proposing solutions: Case study in Gia Lai province, Vietnam Nguyen Ninh Hai1, Nguyen Tuan Anh1, Nguyen Minh Ky1*, Bach Quang Dung2*, Nguyen Thi Nhu Huong3, Nguyen Hoang Dieu Minh1, Nguyen Thi Ly1 1 Nong Lam University of Ho Chi Minh City, Gia Lai campus, Tran Nhat Duat Street, Dien Phu Ward, Pleiku City, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. 2 Viet Nam Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Administration, Ha Noi, Vietnam. 3 Pleiku High School, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam. *Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected]; Tel.: +84–384321415. Received: 10 March 2021; Accepted: 15 April 2021; Published: 25 April 2021 Abstract: The study presents the results of the assessment of land use change in the period 2014–2019 in Chu Pah district, Gia Lai province and proposed solutions. The research used the methods including data collection, spatial analysis, stakeholder and expert analysis. Remote sensing imagery (Google Earth) is employed to interpret, and the conducted field survey to verify in 14 communes and towns in order to create the current map of land use with high accuracy. For instance, the group of agricultural land changes the largest with the conversion of annual crop land into perennial crops. The area of residential land increases due to the increasing demand of residential land and the population growth. In addition, the group of unused land decreased relatively high mainly to meet the needs of cultivation and afforestation. The negative impacts of climate change also contribute to change the purpose and status of land resources in Chu Pah district.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Collection Survey on Water Resources Management in Central Highlands
    SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL HIGHLANDS FINAL REPORT Main Report April 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. VT JR 18-009 SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN CENTRAL HIGHLANDS FINAL REPORT Main Report April 2018 Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Location Map of Central Highlands Basin Map of Central Highlands Photographs (1/4) 1. Meeting Views Opening Ceremony and Welcome Remarks Japanese ODA to Central Highlands (MARD representative) (Minister, Embassy of Japan in Vietnam) Methodology and Schedule of the Survey Drought situation in Dak Lak and countermeasures (JICA Study Team) (Representative of five provinces: Dak Lak) Open Speech in Progress Workshop in Lam Dong PPC Presentation of Progress Report in Lam Dong PPC (Lam Dong’s Vice Chairman) (JICA Study Team) Source: JICA Study Team 1 Photographs (2/4) 2. Site Photos Pepper field was damaged in the drought event 2015/16. Victim showed the flood water level in 12/2016 (District: Chu Se, Commune: H Bong) (District: Di Linh, Commune: Tam Bo) Drip irrigation system for pepper Private company is purchasing raw coffee from farmers (District: Krong No Commune: Nam Nung) (District: Krong No, Commune: Tan Thanh) Telemetric rainfall and reservoir water level Dak Trit Irrigation Reservoir monitoring system (District: Dak Ha, Commune: Dak La) (District: Ea Sup, Commune: Ya To Mot) Source: JICA Study Team 2 Photographs
    [Show full text]
  • Contested Land Restitution Processes in Cambodia
    land Review Contested Land Restitution Processes in Cambodia Chanrith Ngin and Andreas Neef * Development Studies, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, The University of Auckland, 1142 Auckland, New Zealand; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Cambodia has experienced rapid economic growth due partly to excessive natural resource extraction. Land conflicts have been pervasive between local communities and companies that invest in land and other natural resources. Despite substantial research into land conflict resolution, knowledge about how land is returned to wronged parties and what happens to the returned land is fragmented. This review aims to provide a holistic understanding of land restitution in Cambodia by examining different types of land conflict, actors involved, and restitution processes. It provides both a macro perspective on land restitution and conflict-specific perspectives regarding how actors engage in different processes that produce various outcomes for disputants. We find both complications and ambivalence of the actors involved, particularly concerning their roles and influences in resolution processes. Specifically, we find contentious and ambivalent roles that non- governmental organisations (NGOs), donor agencies, and government authorities played in mixed results of resolution mechanisms in the cases that have yielded outcomes in terms of land restitution. Our review also suggests that the neoliberal policy that favours commoditisation of resources and the authoritarian patronage state disguised in a hybrid democracy allowed some grassroots resistance, civil society space, and responses from other concerned economic and political actors in the resolution processes. However, the state controlled and manipulated their engagement to benefit and maintain its economic and political bases, and it never allowed any transformative approach that could tackle the root causes of the problems.
    [Show full text]