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Conservation Requirements of the Southern Damselfly in Chalkstream and Fen Habitats

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Conservation Requirements of the Southern Damselfly in Chalkstream and Fen Habitats Conservation requirements of the Southern Damselfly in chalkstream and fen habitats Science Report SC000017/SR ddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddSCHO0505BJDR-E-P The Environment Agency is the leading public body protecting and improving the environment in England and Wales. It’s our job to make sure that air, land and water are looked after by everyone in today’s society, so that tomorrow’s generations inherit a cleaner, healthier world. Our work includes tackling flooding and pollution incidents, reducing industry’s impacts on the environment, cleaning up rivers, coastal waters and contaminated land, and improving wildlife habitats. This report is the result of research commissioned and funded by the Environment Agency’s Science Programme. Author: J.R. Rouquette Dissemination status: Publicly available Keywords: Southern Damselfly; Coenagrion mercuriale; Ecology; Conservation; Chalkstreams; Fens; UK Biodiversity Action Plan. Research Contractor and Collaborator: University of Liverpool Published by: Liverpool Environment Agency, Rio House, Waterside Drive, Aztec West, L69 3BX Almondsbury, Bristol, BS32 4UD Tel: 0151 794 2000 Tel: 01454 624400 Fax: 01454 624409 www.environment-agency.gov.uk Environment Agency’s Project Manager: Tim Sykes, Winchester Office ISBN: 1 84432 431 1 © Environment Agency May 2005 Collaborators: All rights reserved. This document may be reproduced with prior Countryside Council for Wales permission of the Environment Agency. Maes-y-Ffynnon Penrhosgarnedd The views expressed in this document are not necessarily Bangor those of the Environment Agency. Gwynedd LL57 2DW This report is printed on Cyclus Print, a 100% recycled stock, Tel: 0845 1306229 which is 100% post consumer waste and is totally chlorine free. Water used is treated and in most cases returned to source in English Nature better condition than removed. Northminster House Peterborough Further copies of this report are available from: PE1 1UA The Environment Agency’s National Customer Contact Centre by Tel: 01733 455000 emailing [email protected] or by telephoning 08708 506506. Science Project reference: SC000017 Science at the Environment Agency Science underpins the work of the Environment Agency, by providing an up to date understanding of the world about us, and helping us to develop monitoring tools and techniques to manage our environment as efficiently as possible. The work of the Science Group is a key ingredient in the partnership between research, policy and operations that enables the Environment Agency to protect and restore our environment. The Environment Agency’s Science Group focuses on five main areas of activity: • Setting the agenda: To identify the strategic science needs of the Environment Agency to inform its advisory and regulatory roles. • Sponsoring science: To fund people and projects in response to the needs identified by the agenda setting. • Managing science: To ensure that each project we fund is fit for purpose and that it is executed according to international scientific standards. • Carrying out science: To undertake the research itself, by those best placed to do it – either by in-house Environment Agency scientists, or by contracting it out to universities, research institutes or consultancies. • Providing advice: To ensure that the knowledge, tools and techniques generated by the science programme are taken up by relevant decision-makers, policy-makers and operational staff. Professor Mike Depledge Head of Science Contents Executive summary………………………………………………………………… iv 1. Introduction……………………………………………..………………..………. 1 1.1 Conservation of insects and Odonata……………………………………………………….. 2 1.2 The biology and ecology of the Southern Damselfly……………………………………… 3 1.2.1 Species description……………………………………………………………………………… 3 Box 1.1 Southern Damselfly mercury marks………………………………………………………… 5 1.2.2 Habitat……………………………………………………………………………………………. 6 1.2.3 Life history………………………………………………………………………………………… 6 1.3 Distribution and status………………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.4 Conservation……………………………………………………………………………………… 10 1.5 Report overview…………………………………………………………………………..……… 11 2. The Southern Damselfly in calcareous habitats…………………………… 13 2.1 The Southern Damselfly in mainland Europe………………………………………………. 14 2.1.1 Germany…………………………………………………………………………………………. 14. 2.1.2 France…………………………………………………………………………………..……….. 18 2.1.3 Belgium……………………………………………………………………………………….. …20 2.1.4 Spain…………………………………………………………………………………..…………. 21 2.2 The Southern Damselfly in calcareous habitats in the UK……………………………….. 21 2.2.1 Introduction to the Test and Itchen Valleys and the historical context…………………….. 21 2.2.2 The Itchen Valley………………………………………..………………….…………………… 22 2.2.3 The Test Valley…………………………………………………………….……………………. 30 2.2.4 Oxfordshire…….………………………………………………………….…………..…………. 31 2.2.5 Anglesey……….…………………………………………………………...…………………….. 33 3. Adult movement patterns……………………………………………………… 35 3.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………..…………………… 35 3.2 Methods……………………………………………………………………….…………………… 37 3.2.1 Study sites………………………………………………………………………………………… 37 3.2.2 Mark-release-recapture (MRR) survey………………………………………………………… 38 3.2.3 Data analysis…………………………………………………………………………………….. 38 3.3 Results…………………………………………………………………..…………………………. 39 3.3.1 Numbers marked and recaptured……………………………………………………………… 39 3.3.2 Movement patterns……………………………………………………………………………… 41 3.3.3 Factors affecting movement …………………………………………………………………… 43 3.3.4 The effect of Southern Damselfly population density on distance moved……………..…… 47 3.3.5 Investigation of the direction of each movement…………………………………………….. 49 3.3.6 Are motorway and railway bridges barriers to dispersal?…………………………………… 50 3.4 Discussion………………………………………………………………………………………… 51 3.4.1 Numbers recaptured and sex ratio……………………………………………………………… 51 3.4.2 Movement patterns………………………………………………………………………………. 52 3.4.3 Factors affecting movement and dispersal……………………………………………………. 53 3.4.4 The effect of Southern Damselfly population density on distance moved….……………… 55 3.4.5 Investigation of the direction of each movement……………………………………………… 56 3.4.6 Are motorway and railway bridges barriers to dispersal?…………………………………… 57 3.4.7 Conservation implications……………………………………………………………………….. 57 4. Adult habitat associations…………………………..…………………………. 59 4.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………….……….. 59 4.2 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 59 Conservation requirements of the Southern Damselfly in chalkstream and fen habitats i Box 4.1 Statistical analysis…………………………………………………………………………….. 61 4.3 Results……………………………………………………………………………………………… 63 4.3.1 Southern Damselfly density…………………………………………………………………….. 63 4.3.2 Habitat associations………………………………………………………………………………. 63 4.3.3 Effects of local population density………………………………………………………………. 65 4.3.4 Final model………………………………………………………………………………………… 65 4.3.5 Effect of habitat and density on movement…………………………………………………….. 66 4.4 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………………..……. 67 4.4.1 Habitat associations………………………………………………………………………………. 67 4.4.2 Local population size and habitat selection…………………………………………………….. 68 4.4.3 Southern Damselfly movement………………………………………………………………….. 69 4.4.4 Methodological considerations…………………………………………………………………… 69 4.4.5 Conservation implications………………………………………………………………………… 70 5. Adult roosting site selection ………………………………….………………. 71 5.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………..………………. 71 5.2 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 72 5.3 Results………………………………………………………………………………………………. 74 5.4 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………………. 76 5.4.1 Method and recapture rate……………………………………………………………………….. 76 5.4.2 Behaviour and habitat…………………………………………………………………………….. 77 5.4.3 Conservation implications………………………………………………………………………… 78 6. Macroinvertebrate communities associated with late instar Southern Damselfly larvae ………………………….……………………………….………… 80 6.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………… 80 6.2 Methods…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 81 6.2.1 Study sites…………………………………………………………………………………………. 81 6.2.2 Field and laboratory methods……………………………………………………………………. 82 Box 6.1 Statistical analysis……………………………………………………………………………… 83 6.3 Results………………………………………………………………………………………………. 83 6.3.1 Number of locations and abundance of Southern Damselfly…………………………………. 83 6.3.2 Are there differences in the invertebrate communities at sites in the Itchen and Test Valleys with and without Southern Damselfly?………………………………………………………… 89 6.3.3 What are the species that are the best indicators of Southern Damselfly?…………..……. 91 6.3.4 Which species correlate with Southern Damselfly abundance?……………………………… 94 6.3.5 Are the results broadly similar when run at a different taxonomic level?……………………. 95 6.3.6 How do other measures of the communities compare?………………………………………. 98 6.3.7 Seasonal variation………………………………………………………………………………… 99 6.3.8 Oxfordshire…………………………………………………………………………………………. 102 6.3.9 Anglesey……………………………………………………………………………………………. 104 6.4 Discussion…………………………………………………………………………………………. 106 6.4.1 Abundance of Southern Damselfly larvae and methodological issues………………………. 106 6.4.2 Associated species and community…………………………………………………………….. 106 6.4.3 Oxfordshire and Anglesey…………………………………………………………………………. 108 6.4.4 Taxonomic level…………………………………………………………………………………… 109 6.4.5 Diet of Southern Damselfly larvae………………………………………………………………. 109 6.4.6 Conservation implications………………………………………………………………………… 110 7. Habitat associations of late instar larvae…………………………………….. 111 7.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………
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