DOCSLIB.ORG

Factors Affecting the Expression of the Dear Enemy Effect in Territorial Songbirds

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2016 Factors Affecting The Expression of the Dear Enemy Effect in Territorial Songbirds Christopher Moser-Purdy University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Moser-Purdy, Christopher, "Factors Affecting The Expression of the Dear Enemy Effect in Territorial Songbirds" (2016). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 5854. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/5854 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. FACTORS AFFECTING THE EXPRESSION OF THE DEAR ENEMY EFFECT IN TERRITORIAL SONGBIRDS by CHRISTOPHER MOSER-PURDY A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through Biological Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2016 © 2016 Christopher E. Moser-Purdy Factors Affecting the Expression of the Dear Enemy Effect in Territorial Songbirds by Christopher Moser-Purdy APPROVED BY: ______________________________________________ C. Semeniuk Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research ______________________________________________ O. Love Department of Biological Sciences ______________________________________________ D. Mennill, Advisor Department of Biological Sciences August 24th 2016 Declaration of Co-Authorship/Previous Publication I. Co-Authorship Declaration I hereby declare that this thesis incorporates material that is the result of joint research as follows: I am the sole author of chapters 1 and 5, and the principal author of Chapters 2, 3, and 4. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 were conducted under the supervision of Daniel Mennill who contributed input on the experimental design, analyses, and writing, as well as providing funding for the field research. Chapter 3 was also conducted with the help of Elizabeth MacDougall-Shackleton who contributed through assistance with field work and input on analyses and writing. Chapter 4 was conducted with the help of Scott MacDougall-Shackleton who contributed input on lab work, analyses, and writing; Frances Bonier who contributed input on experimental design, analyses, and writing; Andrea Boyer who assisted with lab work, analyses, and writing; and Brendan Graham, who contributed input with field work, and with experimental design, analyses, and writing. In all cases, the key ideas, primary contributions, experimental designs, data analysis and interpretation, were performed by myself, with input from my collaborators. I am aware of the University of Windsor Senate Policy on Authorship and I certify that I have properly acknowledged the contribution of other researchers to my thesis, and have obtained written permission from each of the co-authors to include the above materials in my thesis. I certify that, with the above qualification, this thesis, and the research to which it refers, is the product of my own work. iii II. Declaration of Previous Publication This thesis includes one original paper that has been published in a peer- reviewed journal, as follows: Thesis Chapter Publication title/full citation Publication Status Chapter 2 Moser-Purdy, C., & Mennill, D.J. (2016). Large Published: Animal vocal repertoires do not constrain the dear Behaviour, 118, enemy effect: a playback experiment and 55–64. comparative study of songbirds. Anim. Behav. ANBEH A16-00035R I certify that I hold copyright for the above material that has been submitted for publication. I certify that the above material describes work completed during my registration as graduate student at the University of Windsor. I declare that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe upon anyone’s copyright nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas, techniques, quotations, or any other material from the work of other people included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in accordance with the standard referencing practices. I declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, including any final revisions, as approved by my thesis committee and the Graduate Studies office, and that this thesis has not been submitted for a higher degree to any other University or Institution. iv Abstract Many territorial animals respond more intensely to strangers than neighbours. This phenomenon is known as “the dear enemy effect”. This phenomenon occurs because strangers represent a threat to territory takeover and parentage whereas neighbours only represent a threat to parentage. Many studies have investigated whether diverse animals exhibit the dear enemy effect, but few have examined the underlying factors that mediate this phenomenon. I tested whether three factors – male repertoire size, female fertility status, and male testosterone levels – influence the dear enemy effect in male songbirds. I found that repertoire size had no effect on dear enemy effect expression; that female fertility status influenced flexibility in dear enemy effect expression over a breeding season; and that testosterone does not seem to be associated with dear enemy effect expression. Overall these results show that several factors influence the dear enemy effect and that the dear enemy effect is a dynamic phenomenon. v Acknowledgments I would first like to thank my supervisor, Daniel Mennill, for his support and guidance throughout the duration of my graduate work. I feel very lucky that I was able to have three field seasons which would not have been possible without your support. Your expertise and enthusiasm made graduate school an incredible learning experience. I would also like to thank Paul Martin for your enthusiasm and guidance throughout my master’s degree, especially during the field season. Your knowledge and love of birds and nature inspired me to become a better biologist. I am also grateful to my collaborators, Fran Bonier, Beth MacDougall-Shackleton, and Scott MacDougall- Shackleton; without your help I would not have been able to conduct this research. I would like to thank my committee members, Oliver Love, and Christina Semeniuk, for your help in improving the quality of my thesis and providing helpful support. I am deeply thankful to the funding agencies that supported this research, through grants to my supervisor and collaborators. These agencies are thanked in each of the data chapters. I am grateful to the members of the Mennill lab for your continued assistance throughout my Master’s degree as well as for making my time in Windsor a great, fun experience. I am especially thankful to Brendan Graham for his advice and help on all aspects of my projects, including help in the field. I am also thankful to all of the vi graduate students in biology and GLIER for making my graduate school experience amazing. I would like to thank everyone at QUBS during the 2014, 2015, and 2016 field seasons. I thank Frank Phelan and Steve Lougheed for keeping a great biology station running. I would also like to thank Veronika and the kitchen staff for all the great meals and fun they provided over my tenure at QUBS. I am immensely grateful to Zachary Kahn, Steph Kim, and Tori Brown for the amazing experience we had together as a field team in 2014. I will never forget all the fun we had trudging through swamps. I am also especially thankful to Joshua Jones, Laura Schoenle-Thomas, and Haley Kenyon for being amazing friends and helping me with my research at QUBS. I am also thankful to Harley English-Dixon, Tosha Kelly, Leanne Grieves, Chloe Montreuil-Spencer, Joel Williams, and Andrea Boyer for help in the lab and in the field. Lastly, I would like to thank Ruffles for always keeping me on my toes and teaching me to never back down, and Songerto for teaching me that anything is possible. I would also like to thank my family, especially Cat Stevens. I am also thankful to my parents for all their support throughout these last two years. I would lastly like to thank my friends back home and abroad for being great friends and making trips back to Markham more fun than they should be. vii Table of Contents Declaration of Co-Authorship/Previous Publication ........................................................................ iii Abstract ............................................................................................................................................. v Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables .................................................................................................................................... xi List of Figures .................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Mexico Chiapas 15Th April to 27Th April 2021 (13 Days)

    Mexico Chiapas 15Th April to 27Th April 2021 (13 Days)

    Mexico Chiapas 15th April to 27th April 2021 (13 days) Horned Guan by Adam Riley Chiapas is the southernmost state of Mexico, located on the border of Guatemala. Our 13 day tour of Chiapas takes in the very best of the areas birding sites such as San Cristobal de las Casas, Comitan, the Sumidero Canyon, Isthmus of Tehuantepec, Tapachula and Volcan Tacana. A myriad of beautiful and sought after species includes the amazing Giant Wren, localized Nava’s Wren, dainty Pink-headed Warbler, Rufous-collared Thrush, Garnet-throated and Amethyst-throated Hummingbird, Rufous-browed Wren, Blue-and-white Mockingbird, Bearded Screech Owl, Slender Sheartail, Belted Flycatcher, Red-breasted Chat, Bar-winged Oriole, Lesser Ground Cuckoo, Lesser Roadrunner, Cabanis’s Wren, Mayan Antthrush, Orange-breasted and Rose-bellied Bunting, West Mexican Chachalaca, Citreoline Trogon, Yellow-eyed Junco, Unspotted Saw-whet Owl and Long- tailed Sabrewing. Without doubt, the tour highlight is liable to be the incredible Horned Guan. While searching for this incomparable species, we can expect to come across a host of other highlights such as Emerald-chinned, Wine-throated and Azure-crowned Hummingbird, Cabanis’s Tanager and at night the haunting Fulvous Owl! RBL Mexico – Chiapas Itinerary 2 THE TOUR AT A GLANCE… THE ITINERARY Day 1 Arrival in Tuxtla Gutierrez, transfer to San Cristobal del las Casas Day 2 San Cristobal to Comitan Day 3 Comitan to Tuxtla Gutierrez Days 4, 5 & 6 Sumidero Canyon and Eastern Sierra tropical forests Day 7 Arriaga to Mapastepec via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec Day 8 Mapastepec to Tapachula Day 9 Benito Juarez el Plan to Chiquihuites Day 10 Chiquihuites to Volcan Tacana high camp & Horned Guan Day 11 Volcan Tacana high camp to Union Juarez Day 12 Union Juarez to Tapachula Day 13 Final departures from Tapachula TOUR MAP… RBL Mexico – Chiapas Itinerary 3 THE TOUR IN DETAIL… Day 1: Arrival in Tuxtla Gutierrez, transfer to San Cristobal del las Casas.
  • Geographic Variation in Rock Wren (Salpinctes Obsoletus) Song Complexity

    Geographic Variation in Rock Wren (Salpinctes Obsoletus) Song Complexity

    University of Northern Colorado Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC Dissertations Student Research 8-2018 Geographic Variation in Rock Wren (Salpinctes Obsoletus) Song Complexity Nadje Amal Najar Follow this and additional works at: https://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations Recommended Citation Najar, Nadje Amal, "Geographic Variation in Rock Wren (Salpinctes Obsoletus) Song Complexity" (2018). Dissertations. 514. https://digscholarship.unco.edu/dissertations/514 This Text is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholarship & Creative Works @ Digital UNC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. © 2018 NADJE AMAL NAJAR ALL RIGHTS RESERVED UNIVERSITY OF NORTHERN COLORADO Greeley, Colorado The Graduate School GEOGRAPHIC VARIATION IN ROCK WREN (SALPINCTES OBSOLETUS) SONG COMPLEXITY A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Nadje Amal Najar College of Natural and Health Sciences School of Biological Sciences Biological Education August 2018 This Dissertation by: Nadje Amal Najar Entitled: Geographic variation in rock wren (Salpinctes obsoletus) song complexity has been approved as meeting the requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Natural and Health Sciences in the School of Biological Sciences, Program of Biological Education. Accepted by the Doctoral Committee
  • Hormones, Social Context and Animal Communication

    Hormones, Social Context and Animal Communication

    P1: GFZ-IYP/... P2: KOD 0521823617c21.xml CU1917B/McGregor 0 521 582361 7 October 7, 2004 22:13 21 Hormones, social context and animal communication rui f. oliveira Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, Lisbon, Portugal Introduction The views on the role that hormones play in the control of behaviour have changed progressively with time. Hormones were classically seen as causal agents of behaviour, acting directly on the display of a given behaviour. This view was mainly supported by early studies of castration and hormone-replacement therapy, which showed that some behaviours were abolished by castration and restored by exogenous administration of androgens (Nelson, 2001). Later this view shifted towards a more probabilistic approach and hormones started to be seen more as facilitators of behaviour than as deterministic factors (Simon, 2002). Ac- cording to this new view, hormones may increase the probability of the expression of a given behaviour by acting as modulators of the neural pathways underlying that behavioural pattern. For example, the effects of androgens on the expres- sion of aggressive behaviours in mammals are mediated by modulatory effects on central serotonergic and vasopressin pathways (Simon, 2002). Yet, it is also known that the social environment (i.e. network of interacting individuals) also feeds back to influence hormone levels (Wingfield et al., 1990), suggesting a two- way type of interaction between hormones and behaviour. In this chapter, I will develop the hypothesis that social modulation of androgens is an adaptive mech- anism through which individuals adjust their motivation according to the social context that they are facing. Thus, the social interactions within a given social network would stimulate the production of androgens in the individuals and the individual levels of androgens would be a function of the perceived social status and the stability of the social environment in which the animal is living.
  • 21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic

    21 Sep 2018 Lists of Victims and Hosts of the Parasitic

    version: 21 Sep 2018 Lists of victims and hosts of the parasitic cowbirds (Molothrus). Peter E. Lowther, Field Museum Brood parasitism is an awkward term to describe an interaction between two species in which, as in predator-prey relationships, one species gains at the expense of the other. Brood parasites "prey" upon parental care. Victimized species usually have reduced breeding success, partly because of the additional cost of caring for alien eggs and young, and partly because of the behavior of brood parasites (both adults and young) which may directly and adversely affect the survival of the victim's own eggs or young. About 1% of all bird species, among 7 families, are brood parasites. The 5 species of brood parasitic “cowbirds” are currently all treated as members of the genus Molothrus. Host selection is an active process. Not all species co-occurring with brood parasites are equally likely to be selected nor are they of equal quality as hosts. Rather, to varying degrees, brood parasites are specialized for certain categories of hosts. Brood parasites may rely on a single host species to rear their young or may distribute their eggs among many species, seemingly without regard to any characteristics of potential hosts. Lists of species are not the best means to describe interactions between a brood parasitic species and its hosts. Such lists do not necessarily reflect the taxonomy used by the brood parasites themselves nor do they accurately reflect the complex interactions within bird communities (see Ortega 1998: 183-184). Host lists do, however, offer some insight into the process of host selection and do emphasize the wide variety of features than can impact on host selection.
  • Causes and Consequences of Urban-Associated Song Variation: a Study of Vocal Behavior in the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis)

    Causes and Consequences of Urban-Associated Song Variation: a Study of Vocal Behavior in the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis Cardinalis)

    Causes and Consequences of Urban-associated Song Variation: A Study of Vocal Behavior in the Northern Cardinal (Cardinalis cardinalis) THESIS Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Desiree Lynn Narango, B.S. Graduate Program in Environmental and Natural Resources The Ohio State University 2012 Master’s Examination Committee: Dr. Amanda D. Rodewald, Advisor Dr. Douglas A. Nelson Dr. Mazeika S.P. Sullivan Copyrighted by Desiree Lynn Narango 2012 ABSTRACT Animal communication systems, which rely upon complex cognitive behavior, specific social contexts, and environments that permit effective transmission, are vulnerable to disruption by anthropogenic disturbance. Forests in urban landscapes are known to differ from rural forests in terms of invasive exotic shrubs, avian communities, and anthropogenic noise. Although these urban-associated differences can elicit demographic consequences, little is known about the sub-lethal behavioral effects. Recent studies have implicated anthropogenic noise as a cause of changing bird song in urban areas; however, few have considered alternative explanations, nor the evolutionary and ecological consequences of altered songs. I investigated song variation in an urban landscape by asking the following questions: 1) How do the structural and behavioral components of bird song change across a rural-urban landscape gradient? 2) Which aspects of urbanization (e.g., noise pollution, invasive plants, avian community and morphology) best predict changes in song properties? and 3) Does urbanization alter relationships among song, indicators of fitness (e.g., reproductive output), and male quality (e.g., morphology, parental care and territory quality)? I investigated these questions by recording vocal behavior and monitoring the breeding activity of 54 individually-marked male Northern Cardinals (Cardinalis cardinalis) at nine sites distributed across riparian forests within a rural to urban landscape gradient in central Ohio in 2011.
  • How to Identify Dear Enemies: the Group Signature in the Complex Song of the Skylark Alauda Arvensis

    How to Identify Dear Enemies: the Group Signature in the Complex Song of the Skylark Alauda Arvensis

    317 The Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 317-326 Published by The Company of Biologists 2008 doi:10.1242/jeb.013359 How to identify dear enemies: the group signature in the complex song of the skylark Alauda arvensis Elodie Briefer*, Thierry Aubin, Katia Lehongre and Fanny Rybak University Paris 11, NAMC, CNRS-UMR8620, Orsay, France *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 19 November 2007 SUMMARY Song geographic variation and Neighbour–Stranger (N–S) discrimination have been intensively but separately studied in bird species, especially in those with small- to medium-sized repertoires. Here, we establish a link between the two phenomena by showing that dialect features are used for N–S recognition in a territorial species with a large repertoire, the skylark Alauda arvensis. In this species, during the breeding season, many pairs settle in stable and adjoining territories gathered in locations spaced by a few kilometres. In a first step, songs produced by males established in different locations were recorded, analyzed and compared to identify possible microgeographic variation at the syntax level. Particular common sequences of syllables (phrases) were found in the songs of all males established in the same location (neighbours), whereas males of different locations (strangers) shared only few syllables and no sequences. In a second step, playback experiments were conducted and provided evidence for N–S discrimination consistent with the dear-enemy effect, i.e. reduced aggression from territorial birds towards neighbours than towards strangers. In addition, a similar response was observed when a ʻchimericʼ signal (shared phrases of the location artificially inserted in the song of a stranger) and a neighbour song were broadcast, indicating that shared sequences were recognized and identified as markers of the group identity.
  • The Group Signature in the Complex Song of the Skylark Alauda Arvensis

    The Group Signature in the Complex Song of the Skylark Alauda Arvensis

    WellBeing International WBI Studies Repository 2008 How to Identify Dear Enemies: The Group Signature in the Complex Song of the Skylark Alauda arvensis Elodie F. Briefer Queen Mary University of London Thierry Aubin University of Paris-Sud Katia Lehongre University of Paris-Sud Fanny Rybak University of Paris-Sud Follow this and additional works at: https://www.wellbeingintlstudiesrepository.org/acwp_ena Part of the Animal Studies Commons, Comparative Psychology Commons, and the Other Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Briefer, E., Aubin, T., Lehongre, K., & Rybak, F. (2008). How to identify dear enemies: the group signature in the complex song of the skylark Alauda arvensis. Journal of Experimental Biology, 211(3), 317-326. This material is brought to you for free and open access by WellBeing International. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of the WBI Studies Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. 317 The Journal of Experimental Biology 211, 317-326 Published by The Company of Biologists 2008 doi:10.1242/jeb.013359 How to identify dear enemies: the group signature in the complex song of the skylark Alauda arvensis Elodie Briefer*, Thierry Aubin, Katia Lehongre and Fanny Rybak University Paris 11, NAMC, CNRS-UMR8620, Orsay, France *Author for correspondence (e-mail: [email protected]) Accepted 19 November 2007 SUMMARY Song geographic variation and Neighbour–Stranger (N–S) discrimination have been intensively but separately studied in bird species, especially in those with small- to medium-sized repertoires. Here, we establish a link between the two phenomena by showing that dialect features are used for N–S recognition in a territorial species with a large repertoire, the skylark Alauda arvensis.
  • Cooperative Functions of Duetting Behaviour in Tropical Wrens

    Cooperative Functions of Duetting Behaviour in Tropical Wrens

    University of Windsor Scholarship at UWindsor Electronic Theses and Dissertations Theses, Dissertations, and Major Papers 2013 Cooperative Functions of Duetting Behaviour in Tropical Wrens Kristin Ashley Kovach University of Windsor Follow this and additional works at: https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd Recommended Citation Kovach, Kristin Ashley, "Cooperative Functions of Duetting Behaviour in Tropical Wrens" (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 4983. https://scholar.uwindsor.ca/etd/4983 This online database contains the full-text of PhD dissertations and Masters’ theses of University of Windsor students from 1954 forward. These documents are made available for personal study and research purposes only, in accordance with the Canadian Copyright Act and the Creative Commons license—CC BY-NC-ND (Attribution, Non-Commercial, No Derivative Works). Under this license, works must always be attributed to the copyright holder (original author), cannot be used for any commercial purposes, and may not be altered. Any other use would require the permission of the copyright holder. Students may inquire about withdrawing their dissertation and/or thesis from this database. For additional inquiries, please contact the repository administrator via email ([email protected]) or by telephone at 519-253-3000ext. 3208. COOPERATIVE FUNCTIONS OF DUETTING BEHAVIOUR IN TROPICAL WRENS By KRISTIN ASHLEY KOVACH A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies through Biological Sciences in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science at the University of Windsor Windsor, Ontario, Canada 2013 ©2013 Kristin A. Kovach Cooperative Functions of Duetting Behaviour in Tropical Wrens by Kristin A. Kovach APPROVED BY: _________________________________ Dr. Lori Buchanan, External Reader Department of Psychology _________________________________ Dr.
  • Animal Umwelten in a Changing World

    Animal Umwelten in a Changing World

    Tartu Semiotics Library 18 Tartu Tartu Semiotics Library 18 Animal umwelten in a changing world: Zoosemiotic perspectives represents a clear and concise review of zoosemiotics, present- ing theories, models and methods, and providing interesting examples of human–animal interactions. The reader is invited to explore the umwelten of animals in a successful attempt to retrieve the relationship of people with animals: a cornerstone of the past common evolutionary processes. The twelve chapters, which cover recent developments in zoosemiotics and much more, inspire the reader to think about the human condition and about ways to recover our lost contact with the animal world. Written in a clear, concise style, this collection of articles creates a wonderful bridge between Timo Maran, Morten Tønnessen, human and animal worlds. It represents a holistic approach Kristin Armstrong Oma, rich with suggestions for how to educate people to face the dynamic relationships with nature within the conceptual Laura Kiiroja, Riin Magnus, framework of the umwelt, providing stimulus and opportuni- Nelly Mäekivi, Silver Rattasepp, ties to develop new studies in zoosemiotics. Professor Almo Farina, CHANGING WORLD A IN UMWELTEN ANIMAL Paul Thibault, Kadri Tüür University of Urbino “Carlo Bo” This important book offers the first coherent gathering of perspectives on the way animals are communicating with each ANIMAL UMWELTEN other and with us as environmental change requires increasing adaptation. Produced by a young generation of zoosemiotics scholars engaged in international research programs at Tartu, IN A CHANGING this work introduces an exciting research field linking the biological sciences with the humanities. Its key premises are that all animals participate in a dynamic web of meanings WORLD: and signs in their own distinctive styles, and all animal spe- cies have distinctive cultures.
  • Durham E-Theses

    Durham E-Theses

    Durham E-Theses Behavioural mechanisms of conict and conict reduction in a wild breeding polygynous pinniped BISHOP, AMANDA,MARIE How to cite: BISHOP, AMANDA,MARIE (2015) Behavioural mechanisms of conict and conict reduction in a wild breeding polygynous pinniped , Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11146/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk 2 Behavioural mechanisms of conflict and conflict reduction in a wild breeding polygynous pinniped By Amanda M. Bishop School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Durham University 2015 Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Abstract Aggressive interactions arise as a means of resolving access to resources such as food, habitat or mates, but these interactions are often costly in time, energy, or physical damage. Therefore, natural selection favours social systems, spatial organisations and behavioural mechanisms which can balance the trade-offs between conflict and increasing fitness.
  • Between Species: Choreographing Human And

    Between Species: Choreographing Human And

    BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES JONATHAN OSBORN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY GRADUATE PROGRAM IN DANCE STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY TORONTO, ONTARIO MAY, 2019 ã Jonathan Osborn, 2019 Abstract BETWEEN SPECIES: CHOREOGRAPHING HUMAN AND NONHUMAN BODIES is a dissertation project informed by practice-led and practice-based modes of engagement, which approaches the space of the zoo as a multispecies, choreographic, affective assemblage. Drawing from critical scholarship in dance literature, zoo studies, human-animal studies, posthuman philosophy, and experiential/somatic field studies, this work utilizes choreographic engagement, with the topography and inhabitants of the Toronto Zoo and the Berlin Zoologischer Garten, to investigate the potential for kinaesthetic exchanges between human and nonhuman subjects. In tracing these exchanges, BETWEEN SPECIES documents the creation of the zoomorphic choreographic works ARK and ARCHE and creatively mediates on: more-than-human choreography; the curatorial paradigms, embodied practices, and forms of zoological gardens; the staging of human and nonhuman bodies and bodies of knowledge; the resonances and dissonances between ethological research and dance ethnography; and, the anthropocentric constitution of the field of dance studies. ii Dedication Dedicated to the glowing memory of my nana, Patricia Maltby, who, through her relentless love and fervent belief in my potential, elegantly willed me into another phase of life, while she passed, with dignity and calm, into another realm of existence. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my phenomenal supervisor Dr. Barbara Sellers-Young and my amazing committee members Dr.
  • Aggressive Signaling in Song Sparrows and Other Songbirds

    Aggressive Signaling in Song Sparrows and Other Songbirds

    Provided for non-commercial research and educational use only. Not for reproduction, distribution or commercial use. This chapter was originally published in the book Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 46, published by Elsevier, and the attached copy is provided by Elsevier for the author's benefit and for the benefit of the author's institution, for non-commercial research and educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues who know you, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are prohibited. For exceptions, permission may be sought for such use through Elsevier's permissions site at: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/permissionusematerial From: William A. Searcy, Cağlar Akçay, Stephen Nowicki and Michael D. Beecher, Aggressive Signaling in Song Sparrows and Other Songbirds. In Marc Naguib, Louise Barrett, H. Jane Brockmann, Sue Healy, John C. Mitani, Timothy J. Roper, Leigh W. Simmons, editors: Advances in the Study of Behavior, Vol. 46, Burlington: Academic Press, 2014, pp. 89-125. ISBN: 978-0-12-800286-5 © Copyright 2014 Elsevier Inc. Academic Press Author's personal copy CHAPTER THREE Aggressive Signaling in Song Sparrows and Other Songbirds William A. Searcy*,1,Cağlar Akçay†, Stephen Nowicki{, Michael D. Beecher} *Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA †Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA { Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA } Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA 1Corresponding author: e-mail address: [email protected] Contents 1.