Questions for State Examination “Therapeutic Dentistry”

1. Dental caries. Definition, classification of (international, anatomical and topographical, Black classification). 2. Etiology of dental caries. Risk factors. 3. Modern concept of dental caries pathogenesis. 4. Caries limited to enamel (white spot lesions). Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 5. Caries limited to enamel (superficial). Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 6. Caries limited to enamel. Methods of treatment. 7. Caries of dentine. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 8. Caries of dentine. Methods of treatment. 9. Caries of cementum. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 10. Caries of cementum. Methods of treatment. 11. Basic and additional methods of dental caries diagnosis. 12. Modern methods of dental caries prevention. 13. Non-carious lesions of teeth. Classification. 14. Mottled teeth (). Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 15. Mottled teeth (non-fluoride enamel opacities). Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 16. Enamel hypoplasia. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 17. Excessive of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 18. of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 19. Erosion of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, differential diagnosis, principles of treatment. 20. Pathological resorption of teeth. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, principles of treatment. 21. Dentin sensitivity. Etiology, theories of dentin sensitivity, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment. 22. Posteruptive color changes of dental hard tissues. Etiology. Methods of treatment. 23. Modern methods of teeth whitening. 24. Teeth whitening. Indications, contraindications. 25. Requirements for the direct restorative materials. 26. Classification of modern restorative materials. 27. Indications for use of resin composites. 28. Glass ionomer cements. Composition and properties. 29. Glass ionomer cements. Classification, indications for use. 30. Macrofilled, microfilled and hybrid composites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 31. Nanocomposites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 32. Flowable composites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 33. Condensable composites. Composition, properties, indications for use. 34. Compomers. Composition, properties, indications for use. 35. Ormocers. Composition, properties, indications for use. 36. Contraindications for use of resin composites. 37. Adhesive restorative technique. Classification of adhesive systems. 38. Total-etch adhesive systems. Types, mechanism of action, advantages and limitations. 39. Self-etching adhesive systems. Types, mechanism of action, advantages and limitations. 40. Choice of material for Class I direct restoration. 41. Choice of material for Class II direct restoration. 42. Choice of material for Class III direct restoration. 43. Choice of material for Class IV direct restoration. 44. Choice of material for Class V direct restoration. 45. Steps of tooth preparation for a composite restoration. 46. Modes, tools and techniques of tooth preparation. 47. Steps and rules of cavity preparation for a composite restoration. 48. Steps and rules of cavity preparation for a glass ionomer cement restoration. 49. protection before restoration. Indications, materials, techniques. 50. Total-etch adhesive technique. 51. Self-etch adhesive technique. 52. Resin composite restoration technique. The rules of placement and polymerization of restoratives, finishing and polishing. 53. Contact point, its physiological role, methods of restoration. 54. Traditional glass ionomer cements. Restoration technique. 55. Resin modified glass ionomer cements. Restoration technique. 56. «Sandwich»-technique of restoration. Indications, materials, clinical steps. 57. Mistakes and complications in direct restorative treatment, methods of their elimination. 58. Immediate and long-term results of caries treatment. Criteria to assess the quality of direct restorations. 59. Atraumatic restorative treatment (ART technique). Indications, tools and materials. 60. Local anesthesia at caries treatment. Anesthetics, methods, techniques. 61. The purpose and objectives of endodontic treatment. 62. (pulp inflammation). Etiology, pathogenesis, classification of pulpal . 63. Diagnosis of pulpal diseases. Basic and additional diagnostic methods. 64. Diagnosis of periapical diseases. Basic and additional diagnostic methods. 65. Radiographic examination in diagnosis of pulpal and periapical pathology. X-ray diagnostic methods. Description of radiographs. 66. Endodontic treatment planning. Indications for endodontic treatment in one or more appointments. 67. Anesthesia in . Indications, contraindications, methods, local anesthetics. 68. Endodontic treatment in elderly patients. 69. Pulp hyperemia. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 70. Pulp hyperemia. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 71. Acute pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 72. Acute pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications 73. Suppurative pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 74. Suppurative pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications 75. Chronic pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 76. Chronic pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 77. Chronic ulcerative pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 78. Chronic ulcerative pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 79. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 80. Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 81. Pulp . Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 82. Pulp necrosis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 83. Pulp degeneration. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 84. Restoration of the tooth after endodontic treatment. Classification of dental posts. Indications for use and clinical steps. 85. Apical periodontitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, classification of apical periodontitis. 86. Acute apical periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 87. Acute apical periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 88. Chronic apical periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 89. Chronic apical periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 90. Periapical abscess with fistula. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 91. Periapical abscess with fistula. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 92. Periapical abscess without fistula. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 93. Periapical abscess without fistula. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications. 94. The root cyst. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 95. The root cyst. Clinical features, treatment, possible treatment mistakes and complications 96. . Fracture of tooth crown. Rational for preserving pulp vitality. 97. Dental trauma. Fracture of the tooth root. Planning and prognosis of endodontic treatment. 98. Fracture of the tooth root. Tooth luxation and subluxation. Determination of indications for endodontic treatment. 99. Root resorption. Classification. Indications for endodontic treatment. 100. Rubber dam. Advantages of endodontic treatment with rubber dam. Contraindications for rubber dam use. 101. Tooth working length. Methods of its determination. 102. Steps of endodontic treatment: the objectives of root canal system instrumentation, irrigation and obturation. 103. Preparation of the access cavity in endodontics. Instruments, technique, quality requirements, possible mistakes and complications. 104. Radiographic method of the tooth working length determination, advantages and disadvantages. 105. Methods of the root canal length determination, electronic apex location, advantages and disadvantages, combined method. 106. Endodontic instruments. Classification. 107. Endodontic instruments: hand instruments for mechanical root canal instrumentation. Indications and work rules. 108. Endodontic instruments: rotary endodontic instruments for mechanical preparation of root canals, types of endodontic handpieces. 109. Root canal preparation using Step back technique. Advantages and disadvantages. 110. Root canal preparation using Crown down technique. Advantages and disadvantages. 111. Methods of root canal obturation. 112. Root canal obturation. Sealers: classification and requirements. 113. Root canal obturation using lateral condensation of gutta-percha. 114. Root canal obturation using heat-plasticized gutta-percha (softened-core and solid- core techniques). 115. Medications in endodontic treatment. Antiseptics and chelating agents. Indications and rules of use. 116. Medications in endodontic treatment. Principles and rules of root canals irrigation. Methods to improve the effectiveness of irrigation. Prevention of the complications. 117. Indications and contraindications to the vital method of pulpitis treatment. Clinical steps. 118. Devital method of pulpitis treatment. Indications. Devitalizing agents. Iatrogenic factors of devitalization. 119. Quality evaluation of endodontic treatment. Assessment criteria for the immediate and long-term results. 120. Mistakes and complications in the instrumentation of root canals. Prevention and methods of correction. 121. Periodontal diseases: theoretical aspects. Mechanisms of development. 122. Classifications of periodontal diseases. 123. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases: steps, periodontal status assessment criteria. 124. Basic and additional methods of diagnosis in : clinical, radiological, laboratory, functional diagnostic methods. 125. Etiological and predisposing factors of chronic . Clinical features. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 126. Chronic simple marginal gingivitis. Clinical features, treatment, prevention. 127. Chronic ulcerative gingivitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment. 128. Chronic symptomatic gingivitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment. 129. Chronic hyperplastic gingivitis. Etiology, pathogenesis, clinical features, treatment. 130. Chronic simplex periodontitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 131. Classification of pockets. Mechanism of formation of gingival and periodontal pockets. 132. Methods of periodontal pocket assessment. Index evaluation of periodontal diseases. 133. Chronic simplex periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment, prevention. 134. The influence of smoking on periodontal tissues. 135. Chronic complex periodontitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. 136. Chronic complex periodontitis. Clinical features, treatment. 137. Trauma from occlusion. Clinical features of primary and secondary . Diagnosis, prevention. 138. The role of trauma from occlusion in periodontal diseases development. Indications for occlusal adjustment. 139. Pregnancy gingivitis. Mechanism of development. Characteristics of microflora and microcirculation in the biological system of periodontium. 140. Acute inflammation in periodontal tissues: acute ulcerative gingivitis. Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Emergency treatment. 141. Acute inflammation in periodontal tissues: acute . Diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Emergency treatment. 142. Rapidly progressive periodontitis. Clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Principles of treatment. 143. Clinical features of rapidly progressive periodontitis. Mechanisms of periodontal tissues homeostasis. Principles of treatment. 144. . Epidemiology. Types of gingival recession. Clinical features. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention. 145. Periodontal atrophy. Etiology. Clinical features. Diagnosis, treatment. 146. Periodontal diseases: prognosis and treatment planning. 147. Phases of periodontal diseases treatment: purpose, content and sequence of procedures. 148. Professional oral hygiene. Tools and materials. The role of professional prophylaxis in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. 149. Indications for local chemotherapeutic treatment of periodontal diseases. Characteristics of basic groups of medicines: antiseptics, anti-inflammatory, enzymes, antibiotics, regenerative. 150. Supportive periodontal treatment. The role of supportive maintenance and oral hygiene in prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases. 151. diseases: classification, diagnostic methods, tactics of dentist. 152. Classification of oral mucosa diseases. Examination plan. Basic and additional diagnostic methods. 153. Planning of treatment and prevention in dental patients with oral mucosal disease. 154. Traumatic ulcer of oral mucosa. Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention. 155. Erosive and ulcerative lesions of oral mucosa. Diagnosis, clinical features. Tactics of dentist in treatment and prevention of complications. 156. Recurrent aphthous . Etiology, clinical features. Treatment and prevention. 157. (herpes zoster). Etiology, clinical features, treatment and prevention. 158. Herpetic gingivostomatitis. Diagnosis, treatment, prevention. 159. . Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis. 160. Pemphigus. Clinical manifestations, principles of treatment. Cooperation with dermatologists. 161. Erythema multiforme. Clinical manifestations, differential diagnosis. 162. Erythema multiforme. Differential diagnosis and treatment. Cooperation with dermatologists. 163. . Etiology, diagnostic methods. 164. Leukoplakia. Clinical features, treatment, prevention. 165. White lesions of the oral mucosa: . Etiology, diagnostic methods. 166. Lichen planus. Methods of treatment and prevention. 167. Treatment planning of leukoplakia and oral manifestations of lichen planus. Cooperation with relevant specialists. The role of smoking in the development of oral mucosal lesions. 168. White lesions of oral mucosa: candidiasis. Classification and diagnostic methods. 169. . The role of exogenous and endogenous predisposing factors. Differential diagnosis. 170. Principles of treatment and prevention of oral candidiasis. 171. Characteristics of antifungal drugs for systemic and topical treatment of oral candidiasis. 172. Angular . Etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis. 173. The principles of treatment and prevention of lips lesions. 174. Allergic . Etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment. 175. . Clinical features, differential diagnosis, treatment. 176. Glossalgia, clinical features, diagnosis, differential diagnosis. Principles of treatment. 177. “Geographic” tongue. Etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis. 178. Principles of treatment and prevention of tongue lesions. 179. HIV infection. Oral lesions associated with HIV infection. 180. Oral lesions associated with HIV infection. Tactics of the dentist in diagnosis of HIV infection. Organization of dental care for HIV-infected persons. Prevention of HIV transmission.