DOCSLIB.ORG

Conservation Genetics of the Endangered San Francisco Bay Endemic Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys Raviventris)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Conservation Genetics of the Endangered San Francisco Bay Endemic Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse (Reithrodontomys Raviventris) Conserv Genet (2016) 17:1055–1066 DOI 10.1007/s10592-016-0843-4 RESEARCH ARTICLE Conservation genetics of the endangered San Francisco Bay endemic salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) 1 1 2 2 M. J. Statham • S. Aamoth • L. Barthman-Thompson • S. Estrella • 1,2 1,2 3 1,4 S. Fresquez • L. D. Hernandez • R. Tertes • B. N. Sacks Received: 18 September 2015 / Accepted: 11 April 2016 / Published online: 19 April 2016 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 Abstract The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM, complete and substantial separation of the SMHM and Reithrodontomys raviventris) is an endangered species WHM, with no evidence of hybridization. These genetic endemic to the San Francisco Bay region of California, markers as well as the mtDNA control region also identi- USA, where habitat loss and fragmentation over the past fied a deep genetic division within the SMHM concordant century have reduced the mouse’s distribution to\25 % of with the current subspecies designations, R. r. raviventris its historical range. To aid in conservation prioritization, and R. r. halicoetes. We identified the lowest genetic we first investigated the possibility of hybridization with diversity within the southern subspecies, which inhabits a the morphologically similar western harvest mouse (WHM, much reduced and highly fragmented portion of the species R. megalotis) in areas of sympatry and developed genetic range. Morphological field identification of harvest mouse tools to differentiate the two species. We then investigated species was more successful at identifying SMHM (92 %) the phylogeography and genetic structure of the SMHM, than WHM (44 %), with a large portion of WHM being including support for currently recognized SMHM sub- incorrectly identified as SMHM. Field identification of species designations. Lastly, we evaluated the morpho- harvest mouse species in the range of the southern SMHM logical criteria currently used for the identification of subspecies was just above 50 %, indicating that current species in the field. Analyses using mtDNA cytochrome methods for morphological differentiation of species in that b sequences and 11 microsatellites from 142 mice indicated area are insufficient. Our confirmation of genetically dis- tinct SMHM subspecies highlights the importance of determining the status and genetic composition of relict Electronic supplementary material The online version of this populations in the remaining patches of marshland in the article (doi:10.1007/s10592-016-0843-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. central San Francisco Bay where the two subspecies may occur, as well as developing better tools for the discrimi- & M. J. Statham nation of species, particularly in the range of the southern [email protected] subspecies 1 Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit, Veterinary Genetics Laboratory, University of California, One Shields Keywords Field identification Á Management Á Avenue/Old Davis Road, Davis, CA 95616-8744, USA Morphology Á Population subdivision Á Species 2 Suisun Marsh Unit, Bay Delta Region, California Department identification Á Subspecies of Fish and Wildlife, 2109 Arch Airport Road, Stockton, CA 95206, USA 3 Don Edwards San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge, Introduction United State Fish and Wildlife Service, One Marshlands Road, Fremont, CA 94555, USA Understanding the underlying genetic architecture of a 4 Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School species facilitates preservation of genetic diversity and of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, One Shields Avenue/Old Davis Road, Davis, CA 95616-8744, maintenance of maximum evolutionary potential. The USA partitioning of genetic diversity within a species reflects its 123 1056 Conserv Genet (2016) 17:1055–1066 history (Moritz 1994; Statham et al. 2014). Recent parti- the edges of salt and brackish marshes in the San Francisco tioning can result in subpopulations with similar but non- Bay Area (Fisler 1963). Differentiating between the two identical allele frequencies, whereas longer term popula- harvest mouse species in the field requires several mor- tion subdivision can allow for greater differentiation phological measurements to assign individuals to a species through genetic drift, accumulation of novel mutations, and (Shellhammer 1984). This method often identifies local adaptation if exposed to different selective environ- ambiguous individuals of intermediate morphology, clas- ments (Hewitt 2000). The magnitude of divergence or sified as unknown harvest mouse species, which has con- population subdivision also depends in part on the sizes of tributed to speculation that the two species could be populations and the frequency of migration (Paetkau 1999). undergoing hybridization (USFWS 2013). Discrepancies Habitat destruction and fragmentation associated with regarding how personnel take measurements can result in human alterations of landscapes increasingly threaten via- assignment of the same mouse to different species. In bility of endemic species, and necessitates managing pop- addition, juvenile and sub-adult mice are especially diffi- ulations to maintain genetic diversity (Allendorf and cult to identify to species. Thus additional tools are needed Luikart 2007). The coastal salt marshes of the San Fran- to ensure accurate species assignment of harvest mice. cisco Bay Area [consisting of San Francisco Bay proper A central goal of the US Fish and Wildlife Service’s species (hereafter, San Francisco), San Pablo Bay, and Suisun Bay] recovery plan for the SMHM is to maintain genetic diversity to have been reduced and fragmented by urban and agricul- minimize the risk of inbreeding depression and enable future tural development, erosion, water management, and vege- evolution and resilience to environmental change (USFWS tation change (Shellhammer 1989; USFWS 2013). This 2013). This goal is intended to secure self-sustaining popu- fragmentation will likely be exacerbated by future sea level lations of SMHM across the geographic and ecological range, rise, which is predicted to range 50–200 cm during the as well as distinct genetic units within the species. However, twenty first century (US National Research Council 2010). no phylogeographic work has been conducted to assess The salt marshes of the San Francisco Bay Area of Cali- genetic subunits or genetic diversity within the SMHM fornia are home to five endangered species including the (Shellhammer 1989; USFWS 2013). Although two sub- endemic salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM, Reithrodonto- species of SMHM have been described, there is no morpho- mys raviventris; USFWS 2013). The SMHM (Rodentia, logical characteristic that discretely separates them. One of the Cricetidae) is restricted to salt and brackish marshes, and is main characteristics used to distinguish between the sub- highly dependent on dense cover for predator avoidance species is the color of the ventral pelage. While many indi- (Shellhammer 1989). These mice can swim well and tolerate viduals of the southern subspecies have a striking cinnamon- high salt concentrations in their diets (Fisler 1963, 1965). colored ventral fur, others have white, which is also found in Although unverified by genetic criteria, two subspecies of the majority of individuals of the northern subspecies (Shell- SMHM are recognized. The southern subspecies (R. r. hammer 1982). Thus the validity of currently recognized raviventris) inhabits central and South San Francisco Bay, subspecies needs to be investigated with genetic data. while the northern subspecies (R. r. halicoetes) occurs in San We undertook this study to provide support to conservation Pablo and Suisun Bays (Fig. 1; Shellhammer 1989). Frag- efforts for the endangered SMHM. The objectives were to: (1) mentation and loss of[75 % of the species habitat through create genetic tools for accurate species identification; (2) reclamation of tidal areas led to the SMHM being state and assess the possibility of hybridization between SMHM and federally listed as endangered (Goals project 2000; Shell- WHM; (3) characterize population sub-division in SMHM; hammer 1982, 1989; USFWS 2013). The situation is mag- (4) characterize phylogeographic (prehistorical) patterns nified in the range of the southern subspecies where[90 % among populations, including assessment of the distinctive- of the historical habitat has been lost, with most of the ness of the currently recognized northern and southern SMHM remainder lacking in suitable high tide escape habitat subspecies (R. r. halicoetes and R. r. raviventris); and (5) (USFWS 2013). Despite being listed as endangered for over quantify and compare the genetic diversity in Suisun, San 40 years there are a number of key outstanding questions Pablo, and San Francisco bays, the three primary areas of necessary for the management of the species. habitat where the species occurs. Accurate species identification is one of the most basic requirements for population monitoring. Salt marsh harvest mouse are often difficult to identify in the field due to Materials and methods extensive sympatry with the morphologically similar western harvest mouse (WHM, R. megalotis). The WHM is Fieldwork and sampling abundant and widespread, with a range across much of the western U.S., extending into Canada and Mexico. Although We trapped 142 harvest mice for genetic sampling in the WHM is primarily a grassland species, it also inhabits 2011–2013 in three locations within each of the three bays 123 Conserv Genet
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse
    Chapter 2 ENDANGERED SPECIES AND DEVELOPMENT: THE SALT MARSH HARVEST MOUSE Erin Mahaney r Introduction Who cares about a mouse? The seemingly unimportant plight of one small mouse in the San Francisco Bay Area is but a reflection of a growing global crisis. The rapid increase in extinction rates and the ensuing decline of biological diversity is a serious threat worldwide. The case of the salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) is an example of these problems on a much smaller fand more familiar scale. This study focuses specifically upon the mouse and its status in non-tidal wetlands in southern San Francisco Bay. _^ The salt marsh harvest mouse (SMHM) is a Bay Area endemic species uniquely adapted to the saline environments found in brackish and salt marshes. These rapidly disappearing tidal wetlands, which are one of the richest and most productive environments in the world, have been reduced in the San Francisco Bay estuary by an estimated 95 percent since the California Gold Rush (Atwater et al., 1979). This reduction of the SMHM's historic habitat, primarily through landfill, hydraulic mining (which had the most effect in San Pablo Bay), diking, and a shift in salt balance (resulting from input of freshwater from sewage treatment plants), is the principal reason for the species' endangered status (USFWS, 1984). Further development of the wetland areas is the primary threat to the mouse's survival. There are indications that non-tidal habitats, such as those behind diked levees, may be —• increasingly important to the SMHM as the tidal wetlands are developed (Botti et al_., 1986; Zetter- quist, 1977).
    [Show full text]
  • Perognathus Flavescens) in Eastern Nebraska
    Western North American Naturalist Volume 72 Number 4 Article 11 2-8-2013 Current status of the plains pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens) in eastern Nebraska Keith Geluso University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, [email protected] Greg D. Wright University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan Part of the Anatomy Commons, Botany Commons, Physiology Commons, and the Zoology Commons Recommended Citation Geluso, Keith and Wright, Greg D. (2013) "Current status of the plains pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens) in eastern Nebraska," Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 72 : No. 4 , Article 11. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/wnan/vol72/iss4/11 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Western North American Naturalist 72(4), © 2012, pp. 554–562 CURRENT STATUS OF THE PLAINS POCKET MOUSE (PEROGNATHUS FLAVESCENS) IN EASTERN NEBRASKA Keith Geluso1,3 and Greg D. Wright1,2 ABSTRACT.—Distribution of the plains pocket mouse (Perognathus flavescens) overlaps tallgrass prairies in northeastern parts of the species’ range in the central United States. Distribution and abundance of the plains pocket mouse appears negatively impacted by agricultural practices during the last century due to the scarcity of records throughout the region. In eastern Nebraska, few plains pocket mice have been captured and no published account exists in recent decades.
    [Show full text]
  • Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument
    In Cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey National Park Service This page left intentionally blank. In cooperation with the University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources Vascular Plant and Vertebrate Inventory of Chiricahua National Monument By Brian F. Powell, Cecilia A. Schmidt, William L. Halvorson, and Pamela Anning Open-File Report 2008-1023 U.S. Geological Survey Southwest Biological Science Center Sonoran Desert Research Station University of Arizona U.S. Department of the Interior School of Natural Resources U.S. Geological Survey 125 Biological Sciences East National Park Service Tucson, Arizona 85721 U.S. Department of the Interior DIRK KEMPTHORNE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Mark Myers, Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2008 For product and ordering information: World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment: World Wide Web:http://www.usgs.gov Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS Suggested Citation Powell, B.F., Schmidt, C.A., Halvorson, W.L., and Anning, Pamela, 2008, Vascular plant and vertebrate inventory of Chiricahua National Monument: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1023, 104 p. [http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1023/]. Cover photo: Chiricahua National Monument. Photograph by National Park Service. Note: This report supersedes Schmidt et al. (2005). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Mammal Species Native to the USA and Canada for Which the MIL Has an Image (296) 31 July 2021
    Mammal species native to the USA and Canada for which the MIL has an image (296) 31 July 2021 ARTIODACTYLA (includes CETACEA) (38) ANTILOCAPRIDAE - pronghorns Antilocapra americana - Pronghorn BALAENIDAE - bowheads and right whales 1. Balaena mysticetus – Bowhead Whale BALAENOPTERIDAE -rorqual whales 1. Balaenoptera acutorostrata – Common Minke Whale 2. Balaenoptera borealis - Sei Whale 3. Balaenoptera brydei - Bryde’s Whale 4. Balaenoptera musculus - Blue Whale 5. Balaenoptera physalus - Fin Whale 6. Eschrichtius robustus - Gray Whale 7. Megaptera novaeangliae - Humpback Whale BOVIDAE - cattle, sheep, goats, and antelopes 1. Bos bison - American Bison 2. Oreamnos americanus - Mountain Goat 3. Ovibos moschatus - Muskox 4. Ovis canadensis - Bighorn Sheep 5. Ovis dalli - Thinhorn Sheep CERVIDAE - deer 1. Alces alces - Moose 2. Cervus canadensis - Wapiti (Elk) 3. Odocoileus hemionus - Mule Deer 4. Odocoileus virginianus - White-tailed Deer 5. Rangifer tarandus -Caribou DELPHINIDAE - ocean dolphins 1. Delphinus delphis - Common Dolphin 2. Globicephala macrorhynchus - Short-finned Pilot Whale 3. Grampus griseus - Risso's Dolphin 4. Lagenorhynchus albirostris - White-beaked Dolphin 5. Lissodelphis borealis - Northern Right-whale Dolphin 6. Orcinus orca - Killer Whale 7. Peponocephala electra - Melon-headed Whale 8. Pseudorca crassidens - False Killer Whale 9. Sagmatias obliquidens - Pacific White-sided Dolphin 10. Stenella coeruleoalba - Striped Dolphin 11. Stenella frontalis – Atlantic Spotted Dolphin 12. Steno bredanensis - Rough-toothed Dolphin 13. Tursiops truncatus - Common Bottlenose Dolphin MONODONTIDAE - narwhals, belugas 1. Delphinapterus leucas - Beluga 2. Monodon monoceros - Narwhal PHOCOENIDAE - porpoises 1. Phocoena phocoena - Harbor Porpoise 2. Phocoenoides dalli - Dall’s Porpoise PHYSETERIDAE - sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus – Sperm Whale TAYASSUIDAE - peccaries Dicotyles tajacu - Collared Peccary CARNIVORA (48) CANIDAE - dogs 1. Canis latrans - Coyote 2.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Problem Formulation
    Chapter 4 Problem Formulation What’s Covered in Chapter 4: ó Exposure Setting Characterization ó Food Web Development ó Selecting Assessment Endpoints ó Identifying Measures of Effect Problem formulation establishes the exposure setting used as the basis for exposure analysis and risk characterization. Problem formulation includes (1) characterization of the exposure setting for identification of potentially exposed habitats in the assessment area (Section 4.1); (2) development of food webs representative of the habitats to be evaluated (Section 4.2); (3) selection of assessment endpoints relevant to food web structure and function (Section 4.3); and (4) identification of measurement receptors (Section 4.4). 4.1 EXPOSURE SETTING CHARACTERIZATION Exposure setting characterization is important in the identification of habitats consisting of ecological receptors in the assessment area that may be impacted as a result of exposure to compounds emitted from a facility. Ecological receptors within a potentially impacted habitat can be evaluated through consideration of the combination of exposure pathways to which ecological receptors representing a habitat-specific food web may be exposed to a compound. The habitats identified to be evaluated are selected based on existing habitats surrounding the facility (see Section 4.1.1); and also support which habitat-specific food webs are evaluated in risk characterization. Consideration of ecological receptors representative of the habitats also provides the basis for selecting measurement receptors,
    [Show full text]
  • The Mammals of Harmon County, Oklahoma1
    42 PROC. OF THE OKLA. ACAD. OF SCI. FOR 1968 The Mammals of Harmon County, Oklahoma1 2 ROBERT E. MABTIN , Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, and JOHN R. PRESTON', Fort Worth Museum of Science and History, Fort Worth 'n1e present report constitutes the first attempt to comprehensively survey the mammals of Hannon County, Oklahoma. Before 1939 few sur­ veys had been made of the mammalian fauna of southwestern Oklahoma, although an expedition under the command of Captain R. B. Marcy in 1852 (Marcy, IBM) made collections of and observations on mammals as part ot a geographical survey along the tributaries of the Red River. The ex­ pedition traversed the Prairie Dog Town Fork of the Red River in the vicinity ot Harmon Co. Barnett (1934), Conover (1927), and Steele (1964) recorded comments on mammal observations made by early settlers from 1880 to 1900. Bailey's (1905) account ot Texas mammals is partly ap­ plicable to BOuthwestern Oklahoma. Blair (1939, 19~4) presents the most comprehensive information on the mammals ot southwestern Oklahoma and adjacent areas, including information on some species in Harmon Co. Since 1954 there have been a few studies of areas near Harmon Co. Halloran and Glass (19~9) and Glass and Halloran (1961 ) reported on the mammals ot the Wichita Mountains. Milstead and Tinkle (1959) , Packard and Gamer (1964), Dalquest (1968) • and Packard and .Judd (1968) provided records tor areas in Texas adjacent to or near Harmon Co. PREsENT SURVEY Most collecting was in the southwestern quadrant of the county (Fig. 1). In December 1959, a 1.5-acre study area was established 5 miles SW ot Hollis to sample rodent populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Surveying for the Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse [Reithrodontomys Raviventris}, California Vole (Microtus Californicus) and Other Small Mammals
    Wetlands Regional Monitoring Program Plan 2002 1 Part 2: Data Collection Protocols Special-Status Species: Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Data Collection Protocols Surveying for the Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse [Reithrodontomys raviventris}, California Vole (Microtus californicus) and Other Small Mammals Random Sampling Protocol Gretchen E. Padgett-Flohr Rana Resources Fremont CA Non-random (grid-based) Survey Protocol Howard Shellhammer, Professor Emeritus Department of Biological Sciences San Jose State University Photo by W. Geissel Introduction The salt marsh harvest mouse (Reithrodontomys raviventris) (SMHM) is a small rodent endemic to the marshes of the greater San Francisco Bay and the Napa, Petaluma, San Pablo and Suisun Bay salt marshes. The salt marsh harvest mouse is considered to be a keystone species in tidal and brackish marsh habitats as SMHM populations succeed best in complete, healthy marsh ecosystems and decrease in numbers or are extirpated in human-altered marshes. Salt marsh harvest mouse populations are negatively affected by WRMP Version 1 June 2002 2 Wetlands Regional Monitoring Program Plan 2002 Part 2: Data Collection Protocols Special-Status Species: Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse factors such as the elimination of upland marsh habitat- areas that provide refugia during high tides (Shellhammer, 1989). Habitat destruction and modification since the early 1900’s resulted in the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) listing the SMHM as Endangered on October 13, 1970. The State of California followed suit on June 27, 1971 when the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) granted the SMHM Fully Protected status. The listing of Reithrodontomys raviventris currently consists of two subspecies: Reithrodontomys raviventris raviventris (the Southern subspecies) and Reithrodontomys raviventris halicoetes (the Northern subspecies).
    [Show full text]
  • SALT MARSH HARVEST MOUSE Reithrodontomys Raviventris
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Sacramento Fish & Wildlife Office Species Account SALT MARSH HARVEST MOUSE Reithrodontomys raviventris CLASSIFICATION: Endangered Federal Register 35:16047 ; October 13, 1970 http://ecos.fws.gov/docs/federal_register/fr27. pdf STATE LISTING STATUS: Listed as an endangered species in 1971. CRITICAL HABITAT: None designated RECOVERY PLAN: FINAL Draft Recovery Plan for Tidal Marsh Ecosystems of Northern and Central California edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/2010-2279.htm Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse edocket.access.gpo.gov/2010/pdf/2010- Valary Bloom, USFWS 2279.pdf (52 KB) 5-YEAR REVIEW: Completed February 2010. No change recommended. http://www.fws.gov/ecos/ajax/docs/five_year_review/doc3221.pdf (853 KB) DESCRIPTION The salt marsh harvest mouse ( Reithrodontomys raviventris ), also known as the "red-bellied harvest mouse," is a small native rodent in the Cricetidae family, which includes field mice, lemmings, muskrats, hamsters and gerbils. There are two subspecies: the northern ( R. r. halicoetes ) and southern ( R. r. raviventris ). The northern subspecies lives in the marshes of the San Pablo and Suisun bays, the southern in the marshes of Corte Madera, Richmond and South San Francisco Bay. (See field identification below) The scientific name Reithrodontomys raviventris means "grooved-toothed mouse with a red belly." Both subspecies do have grooved upper front teeth but generally only the southern subspecies has a cinnamon- or rufous-colored belly. Salt marsh harvest mice are critically dependent on dense cover and their preferred habitat is pickleweed (Salicornia virginica). Harvest mice are seldom found in cordgrass or alkali bulrush. In marshes with an upper zone of peripheral halophytes (salt-tolerant plants), mice use this vegetation to escape the higher tides, and may even spend a considerable portion of their lives there.
    [Show full text]
  • Sex Bias of Small Mammals Captured in Sherman Live Traps
    Sex bias of small mammals captured in Sherman live traps Stephanie J. Pattison, West Texas A&M University undergraduate Dr. Raymond Matlack, West Texas A&M Associate Professor, and advisor ABSTRACT The sex ratios and the possibility of capture bias varies from species to species. By looking at results from other papers and comparing the juvenile sex ratio to the adult sex ratio you can determine if the bias towards one sex is a trapping bias or just the population’s sex ratio. Peromyscus leucopus, Sigmodon hispidis, Reithrodontomys montanus, Chaetodipus hispidus, Onychomys leucogaster, Neotoma micropus, Baiomys taylori, Reithrodontomys megalotis, and Peromyscus maniculatus were the species used in this study. Other species were present in the data but the sample sizes were to small to use. Several species seemed to have trap biases while others seemed to only represent population sex ratios. Peromyscus leucopus was found to have a trapping bias towards male, though this could change over time. Sigmodon hispidus seemed to have a female biased population but did not seem to have a trapping bias. Reithrodontomys montanus seemed to have a male biased population and no trapping bias. Chaetodipus hispidus seemed to have a trapping bias towards females. Onychomys leucogaster seemed to only have a population sex bias and not a trapping bias. Neotoma micropus seemed to have a female biased population and no trapping bias. Baiomys taylori seemed to have an extremely female biased population but not a trapping bias. For Reithrodontomys megalotis it could not be determined if there was a trapping bias because of unavailability of data.
    [Show full text]
  • SALT MARSH HARVEST MOUSE Reithrodontomys Raviventris USFWS: Endangered CDFG: Endangered
    LSA ASSOCIATES, INC. PUBLIC DRAFT SOLANO HCP JULY 2012 SOLANO COUNTY WATER AGENCY NATURAL COMMUNITY AND SPECIES ACCOUNTS SALT MARSH HARVEST MOUSE Reithrodontomys raviventris USFWS: Endangered CDFG: Endangered Species Account Status and Description. The salt marsh harvest mouse was listed as a Federally Endangered Species in 1970 (Federal Register 35:16047) and a California state listed Endangered Species in 1971. Salt marsh harvest mice are divided into two subspecies: R..r. raviventris in Corte Madera, Richmond and the southern portion of San Francisco Bay and R.r. halicoetes in the San Pablo and Suisun bays. The salt marsh harvest mouse is similar to the western harvest mouse, R. megalotis, in that it has a long tail, large ears, grooves in the outer surface of its upper incisors, and buff or brownish in color. The underside of the western harvest mouse, including its tail, ranges from white to dark gray. The underside of the salt marsh harvest mouse is quite variable ranging from white to a cinnamon- or rufous-colored belly. The coloration of the other parts of each of these species is buff or brown. The backs and ears of the salt marsh harvest mouse tend to be darker and the tails of the salt marsh species tend to be slightly thicker, less pointed, and more unicolored (USFWS 1999). The western harvest mouse is considered to be the progenitor of the salt marsh harvest mouse (Fisler 1965). Adult salt marsh harvest mice are 118-175 millimeters in length and weigh between 8 and 12 grams. Range, Populations and Activity. The historic range of the salt marsh harvest mice most likely included much of the marshland in the San Francisco Bay Area.
    [Show full text]
  • UC Davis San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science
    UC Davis San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science Title Toward Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Recovery: A Review Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w06369x Journal San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, 16(2) ISSN 1546-2366 Authors Smith, Katherine R. Riley, Melissa K. Barthman–Thompson, Laureen et al. Publication Date 2018 DOI 10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss2art2 Supplemental Material https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2w06369x#supplemental License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California AUGUST 2018 RESEARCH Toward Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse Recovery: A Review Katherine R. Smith1,2, Melissa K. Riley2, Laureen Barthman–Thompson2, Isa Woo3, Mark J. Statham4, Sarah Estrella2, and Douglas A. Kelt1 and demographics, population dynamics, and Volume 16, Issue 2 | Article 2 https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2018v16iss2art2 behavior and community interactions; and present an overview of threats to the species. Our review * Corresponding author: [email protected] indicates that substantial data gaps exist; although 1 University of California, Davis some aspects of SMHM ecology, such as habitat use, Department of Wildlife, Fish and Conservation Biology Davis, CA 95616 USA have been addressed extensively, others, such as the 2 Suisun Marsh Unit effects of environmental contamination, are largely California Department of Fish and Wildlife unaddressed. We suggest that conservation and Stockton, CA 95206 USA restoration-planning processes consider experimental 3 San Francisco Bay Estuary Field Station approaches within restoration designs to address Western Ecological Research Center, U.S. Geological Survey these deficiencies. Continued investment in basic and Vallejo, CA 94592 USA applied SMHM ecology to collect baseline and long- 4 Veterinary Genetics Laboratory Mammalian Ecology and Conservation Unit term data will also be beneficial.
    [Show full text]
  • Updated and Revised Checklist of the Mammals of Oklahoma, 2019
    1 Updated and Revised Checklist of the Mammals of Oklahoma, 2019 William Caire Biology Department, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73031 Lynda Samanie Loucks Biology Department, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73031 Michelle L. Haynie Biology Department, University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond, OK 73031 Brandi S. Coyner Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Department of Mammalogy, Norman, OK 73072 Janet K. Braun Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History, Department of Mammalogy, Norman, OK 73072 Abstract: An updated list of the mammals of Oklahoma was compiled from literature records, sight records, and museum specimens. A total of 108 native species, 4 extirpated species, and 5 introduced/exotic species are reported. jugossicularis, and Perognathus merriami), not Introduction included in the most recent checklist of Choate and Jones (1998), have been verified as occurring in the state. Choate and Jones (1998) included In a checklist of mammals of Oklahoma the domestic dog and cat as introduced/exotic (Caire et al. 1989), a total of 106 species of species which we did not. This document has mammals were listed as occurring in Oklahoma, been created in part to assist those working with including 4 extirpated and 4 introduced species. the many different and varied aspects related to In 1998, an updated checklist was published the state’s mammals. It will provide a common (Choate and Jones 1998) listing 111 species point of reference and terminology. of mammals including 4 extirpated and 7 introduced/exotic species. Since the publication Methods by Caire et al. (1989) and the updated checklist of Choate and Jones (1998), there have been To compile the updated list, we began with several changes in distributional occurrences Caire et al.
    [Show full text]