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The Local Galaxy Volume
11-1 How Far Away Is It – The Local Galaxy Volume The Local Galaxy Volume {Abstract – In this segment of our “How far away is it” video book, we cover the local galaxy volume compiled by the Spitzer Local Volume Legacy Survey team. The survey covered 258 galaxies within 36 million light years. We take a look at just a few of them including: Dwingeloo 1, NGC 4214, Centaurus A, NGC 5128 Jets, NGC 1569, majestic M81, Holmberg IX, M82, NGC 2976,the unusual Circinus, M83, NGC 2787, the Pinwheel Galaxy M101, the Sombrero Galaxy M104 including Spitzer’s infrared view, NGC 1512, the Whirlpool Galaxy M51, M74, M66, and M96. We end with a look at the tuning fork diagram created by Edwin Hubble with its description of spiral, elliptical, lenticular and irregular galaxies.} Introduction [Music: Johann Pachelbel – “Canon in D” – This is Pachelbel's most famous composition. It was written in the 1680s between the times of Galileo and Newton. The term 'canon' originates from the Greek kanon, which literally means "ruler" or "a measuring stick." In music, this refers to timing. In astronomy, "a measuring stick" refers to distance. We now proceed to galaxies more distant than the ones in our Local Group.] The Local volume is the set of galaxies covered in the Local Volume Legacy survey or LVL, for short, conducted by the Spitzer team. It is a complete sample of 258 galaxies within 36 million light years. This montage of images shows the ensemble of galaxies as observed by Spitzer. The galaxies are randomly arranged but their relative sizes are as they appear on the sky. -
Brief History of Universe
Astronomy 330 Lecture 2 8 Sep 2010 Outline Review Sloan Digital Sky Survey A Really Brief History of the Universe Big Bang/Creation of the Elements Recombination/Reionization Galaxy Formation Review Salient points of the Curtis-Shapley Debate Galaxy Morphologies (see tuning-fork diagram) Today, “on average”: Ellipticals(13%), Spirals (61%), Lenticulars(22%), Irr(4%) Galaxy Luminosity Function Φ(L) = (Φ*/L*)(L/L*)αexp(-L/L*) Low-mass environment High-mass Stellar mass function Baldry et al. 2008 ) -3 Stellar mass estimated from red/near- infrared light assuming a mass-to-light Mpc *, Φ* -1 M ratio (M/L or ϒ), which depends on stellar populations (colors), α changes assumptions about: o the stellar mass function (IMF) o neutral and molecular gas content, o dark-matter We will discuss these issues. Number density (dex Number In this case, stellar mass function is modeled as composite of two Schecter functions with different α and ϕ*. Large Scale Structure What’s bigger than a galaxy? Groups: where most galaxies live Local Group: Large Scale Structure Bigger still: Clusters High fraction of elliptical galaxies Most have copious diffuse X-ray Giant Clusters emission > 1000 galaxies Most of the observed mass in clusters is in hot gas D ~ 1-2 Mpc Huge M/L ratios (~100) dark 1-3 giant elliptical galaxies matter dominated residing at the center Gravitationally bound Abell 98 nearly next door MS0415 at z = 0.54 Large Scale Structure Filaments and voids o Great Attractor o Characteristic scales: 40-120 Mpc Surveys Palomar -
The Outermost Hii Regions of Nearby Galaxies
THE OUTERMOST HII REGIONS OF NEARBY GALAXIES by Jessica K. Werk A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Astronomy and Astrophysics) in The University of Michigan 2010 Doctoral Committee: Professor Mario L. Mateo, Co-Chair Associate Professor Mary E. Putman, Co-Chair, Columbia University Professor Fred C. Adams Professor Lee W. Hartmann Associate Professor Marion S. Oey Professor Gerhardt R. Meurer, University of Western Australia Jessica K. Werk Copyright c 2010 All Rights Reserved To Mom and Dad, for all your love and encouragement while I was taking up space. ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I owe a deep debt of gratitude to a long list of individuals, institutions, and substances that have seen me through the last six years of graduate school. My first undergraduate advisor in Astronomy, Kathryn Johnston, was also my first Astronomy Professor. She piqued my interest in the subject from day one with her enthusiasm and knowledge. I don’t doubt that I would be studying something far less interesting if it weren’t for her. John Salzer, my next and last undergraduate advisor, not only taught me so much about observing and organization, but also is responsible for convincing me to go on in Astronomy. Were it not for John, I’d probably be making a lot more money right now doing something totally mind-numbing and soul-crushing. And Laura Chomiuk, a fellow Wesleyan Astronomy Alumnus, has been there for me through everything − problem sets and personal heartbreak alike. To know her as a friend, goat-lover, and scientist has meant so much to me over the last 10 years, that confining my gratitude to these couple sentences just seems wrong. -
The Applicability of Far-Infrared Fine-Structure Lines As Star Formation
A&A 568, A62 (2014) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201322489 & c ESO 2014 Astrophysics The applicability of far-infrared fine-structure lines as star formation rate tracers over wide ranges of metallicities and galaxy types? Ilse De Looze1, Diane Cormier2, Vianney Lebouteiller3, Suzanne Madden3, Maarten Baes1, George J. Bendo4, Médéric Boquien5, Alessandro Boselli6, David L. Clements7, Luca Cortese8;9, Asantha Cooray10;11, Maud Galametz8, Frédéric Galliano3, Javier Graciá-Carpio12, Kate Isaak13, Oskar Ł. Karczewski14, Tara J. Parkin15, Eric W. Pellegrini16, Aurélie Rémy-Ruyer3, Luigi Spinoglio17, Matthew W. L. Smith18, and Eckhard Sturm12 1 Sterrenkundig Observatorium, Universiteit Gent, Krijgslaan 281 S9, 9000 Gent, Belgium e-mail: [email protected] 2 Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Institut für Theoretische Astrophysik, Albert-Ueberle Str. 2, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany 3 Laboratoire AIM, CEA, Université Paris VII, IRFU/Service d0Astrophysique, Bat. 709, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 4 UK ALMA Regional Centre Node, Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK 5 Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK 6 Laboratoire d0Astrophysique de Marseille − LAM, Université Aix-Marseille & CNRS, UMR7326, 38 rue F. Joliot-Curie, 13388 Marseille CEDEX 13, France 7 Astrophysics Group, Imperial College, Blackett Laboratory, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, UK 8 European Southern Observatory, Karl -
A Search For" Dwarf" Seyfert Nuclei. VII. a Catalog of Central Stellar
TO APPEAR IN The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Preprint typeset using LATEX style emulateapj v. 26/01/00 A SEARCH FOR “DWARF” SEYFERT NUCLEI. VII. A CATALOG OF CENTRAL STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSIONS OF NEARBY GALAXIES LUIS C. HO The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, 813 Santa Barbara St., Pasadena, CA 91101 JENNY E. GREENE1 Department of Astrophysical Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ ALEXEI V. FILIPPENKO Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3411 AND WALLACE L. W. SARGENT Palomar Observatory, California Institute of Technology, MS 105-24, Pasadena, CA 91125 To appear in The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. ABSTRACT We present new central stellar velocity dispersion measurements for 428 galaxies in the Palomar spectroscopic survey of bright, northern galaxies. Of these, 142 have no previously published measurements, most being rela- −1 tively late-type systems with low velocity dispersions (∼<100kms ). We provide updates to a number of literature dispersions with large uncertainties. Our measurements are based on a direct pixel-fitting technique that can ac- commodate composite stellar populations by calculating an optimal linear combination of input stellar templates. The original Palomar survey data were taken under conditions that are not ideally suited for deriving stellar veloc- ity dispersions for galaxies with a wide range of Hubble types. We describe an effective strategy to circumvent this complication and demonstrate that we can still obtain reliable velocity dispersions for this sample of well-studied nearby galaxies. Subject headings: galaxies: active — galaxies: kinematics and dynamics — galaxies: nuclei — galaxies: Seyfert — galaxies: starburst — surveys 1. INTRODUCTION tors, apertures, observing strategies, and analysis techniques. -
Dwarf Galaxies
Europeon South.rn Ob.ervotory• ESO ML.2B~/~1 ~~t.· MAIN LIBRAKY ESO Libraries ,::;,q'-:;' ..-",("• .:: 114 ML l •I ~ -." "." I_I The First ESO/ESA Workshop on the Need for Coordinated Space and Ground-based Observations - DWARF GALAXIES Geneva, 12-13 May 1980 Report Edited by M. Tarenghi and K. Kjar - iii - INTRODUCTION The Space Telescope as a joint undertaking between NASA and ESA will provide the European community of astronomers with the opportunity to be active partners in a venture that, properly planned and performed, will mean a great leap forward in the science of astronomy and cosmology in our understanding of the universe. The European share, however,.of at least 15% of the observing time with this instrumentation, if spread over all the European astrono mers, does not give a large amount of observing time to each individual scientist. Also, only well-planned co ordinated ground-based observations can guarantee success in interpreting the data and, indeed, in obtaining observ ing time on the Space Telescope. For these reasons, care ful planning and cooperation between different European groups in preparing Space Telescope observing proposals would be very essential. For these reasons, ESO and ESA have initiated a series of workshops on "The Need for Coordinated Space and Ground based Observations", each of which will be centred on a specific subject. The present workshop is the first in this series and the subject we have chosen is "Dwarf Galaxies". It was our belief that the dwarf galaxies would be objects eminently suited for exploration with the Space Telescope, and I think this is amply confirmed in these proceedings of the workshop. -
Red-Channel (6000-8000 {\AA}) Nuclear Spectra of 376 Local Galaxies
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. loispectra˙rev c ESO 2018 November 2, 2018 Red-channel (6000-8000 Å) nuclear spectra of 376 local galaxies ⋆ Giuseppe Gavazzi1, Guido Consolandi1, Massimo Dotti1, Matteo Fossati2,3,1, Giulia Savorgnan4, Roberto Gualandi5, Ivan Bruni5 1 Dipartimento di Fisica G. Occhialini, Universit`adi Milano- Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 3, I-20126 Milano, Italy e-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 Universit¨ats-Sternwarte M¨unchen, Scheinerstrasse 1, D-81679 M¨unchen, Germany e-mail: [email protected] 3 Max-Planck-Institut f¨ur Extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstrasse, D-85748 Garching, Germany 4 Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia e-mail: [email protected] 5 Osservatorio astronomico di Bologna, Via Ranzani 1, I-40127 Bologna, Italy e-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Received - Accepted ABSTRACT We obtained long-slit optical spectra of the nuclear regions of 376 galaxies in the local Universe using the 1.5m Cassini telescope of Bologna Observatory. Of these spectra, 164 were either never taken before by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), or given by the Nasa Extragalactic Database (NED). With these new spectra, we contribute investigating the occurrence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). Nevertheless, we stress that the present sample is by no means complete, thus, it cannot be used to perform any demographic study. Following the method presented in Gavazzi et al (2011), we classify the nuclear spectra using a six bin scheme: SEY (Seyfert), sAGN (strong AGN), and wAGN (weak AGN) represent active galactic nuclei of different levels of activity; HII accounts for star-forming nuclei; RET (retired) and PAS (passive) refer to nuclei with poor or no star-formation activity. -
Evidence for Connecting Them to Boxy/Peanut Bulges M
A&A 599, A43 (2017) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201628849 & c ESO 2017 Astrophysics Colors of barlenses: evidence for connecting them to boxy/peanut bulges M. Herrera-Endoqui1, H. Salo1, E. Laurikainen1, and J. H. Knapen2; 3 1 Astronomy Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland e-mail: [email protected] 2 Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, 38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain 3 Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna, 38205 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain Received 3 May 2016 / Accepted 7 September 2016 ABSTRACT Aims. We aim to study the colors and orientations of structures in low and intermediate inclination barred galaxies. We test the hy- pothesis that barlenses, roundish central components embedded in bars, could form part of the bar in a similar manner to boxy/peanut bulges in the edge-on view. Methods. A sample of 79 barlens galaxies was selected from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) and the Near IR S0 galaxy Survey (NIRS0S), based on previous morphological classifications at 3.6 µm and 2.2 µm wavelengths. For these galaxies the sizes, ellipticities, and orientations of barlenses were measured, parameters which were used to define the barlens regions in the color measurements. In particular, the orientations of barlenses were studied with respect to those of the “thin bars” and the line-of- nodes of the disks. For a subsample of 47 galaxies color index maps were constructed using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images in five optical bands, u, g, r, i, and z. Colors of bars, barlenses, disks, and central regions of the galaxies were measured using two different approaches and color−color diagrams sensitive to metallicity, stellar surface gravity, and short lived stars were constructed. -
Arxiv:1803.01321V1 [Astro-Ph.GA] 4 Mar 2018 H Adsget Rw” Uhrte Ogand Calling Long Feature, Rather Such This “Rows”
Butenko M.A., Khoperskov A.V. Galaxies with https://doi.org/10.1134/S1990341317030130 “Rows”: A New Catalog // Astrophysical Bul- letin, 2017, vol.72, No.3, 232–250 GALAXIES WITH “ROWS”: A NEW CATALOG M. A. Butenko1, * and A. V. Khoperskov1, ** 1Volgograd State University, Volgograd, 400062 Russia Galaxies with “rows” in Vorontsov-Velyaminov’s terminology stand out among the variety of spiral galactic patterns. A characteristic feature of such objects is the sequence of straight- line segments that forms the spiral arm. In 2001 A. Chernin and co-authors published a catalog of such galaxies which includes 204 objects from the Palomar Atlas. In this paper, we supplement the catalog with 276 objects based on an analysis of all the galaxies from the New General Catalogue and Index Catalogue. The total number of NGC and IC galaxies with rows is 406, including the objects of Chernin et al. (2001). The use of more recent galaxy images allowed us to detect more “rows” on average, compared with the catalog of Chernin et al. When comparing the principal galaxy properties we found no significant differences between galaxies with rows and all S-typeNGC/IC galaxies.We discuss twomechanisms for the formation of polygonal structures based on numerical gas-dynamic and collisionless N- body calculations, which demonstrate that a spiral pattern with rows is a transient stage in the evolution of galaxies and a system with a powerful spiral structure can pass through this stage. The hypothesis of A. Chernin et al. (2001) that the occurrence frequency of interacting galaxies is twice higher among galaxies with rows is not confirmed for the combined set of 480 galaxies. -
Nuclear Activity in Circumnuclear Ring Galaxies
International Journal of Astronomy and Astrophysics, 2016, 6, 219-235 Published Online September 2016 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/ijaa http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijaa.2016.63018 Nuclear Activity in Circumnuclear Ring Galaxies María P. Agüero1, Rubén J. Díaz2,3, Horacio Dottori4 1Observatorio Astronómico de Córdoba, UNCand CONICET, Córdoba, Argentina 2ICATE, CONICET, San Juan, Argentina 3Gemini Observatory, La Serena, Chile 4Instituto de Física, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil Received 23 May 2016; accepted 26 July 2016; published 29 July 2016 Copyright © 2016 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract We have analyzed the frequency and properties of the nuclear activity in a sample of galaxies with circumnuclear rings and spirals (CNRs), compiled from published data. From the properties of this sample a typical circumnuclear ring can be characterized as having a median radius of 0.7 kpc (mean 0.8 kpc, rms 0.4 kpc), located at a spiral Sa/Sb galaxy (75% of the hosts), with a bar (44% weak, 37% strong bars). The sample includes 73 emission line rings, 12 dust rings and 9 stellar rings. The sample was compared with a carefully matched control sample of galaxies with very similar global properties but without detected circumnuclear rings. We discuss the relevance of the results in regard to the AGN feeding processes and present the following results: 1) bright companion galaxies seem -
Study of Star-Forming Regions in the Peculiar Galaxies NGC 660, NGC 1512, NGC 4395, and NGC 4618
Study of Star-Forming Regions in the Peculiar Galaxies NGC 660, NGC 1512, NGC 4395, and NGC 4618 K. I. Smirnova,1, ∗ D. S. Wiebe,2 A. V. Moiseev,3 and G. I. G J´ozsa4, 5, 6 1Ural Federal University, Yekaterinburg, Russia 2Institute of Astronomy, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia 3Special Astrophysical Observatory, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhnii Arkhyz, Russia 4South African Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cape Town, South Africa 5Department of Physics and Electronics, Rhodes University, Makhanda, South Africa 6Argelander-Institut f¨urAstronomie, Bonn, Germany The star-forming regions (SFRs) in the peculiar galaxies NGC 660, NGC 1512, NGC 4395 and NGC 4618 are studied. The relationships between such characteristics of star forming regions as UV, nearand far-IR fluxes, as well as in the Hα and HI lines, surface brightness in these ranges, and the scatter of the radial velocities of ionized and neutral hydrogen are considered. It is shown that in all the galaxies considered, the IR fluxes from SFRs are less than in the “normal” galaxies, but for different reasons: in the galaxies with signs of recent interaction NGC 660 and NGC 1512, this is due to the low surface brightness of SFRs; in the lopsided galaxies NGC 4395 and NGC 4618, the low brightness of SFRs in the infrared range is due to their compact size. These differences indicate that the star formation process depends not only on the morphological type of a galaxy, but also on many other factors. I. INTRODUCTION Modern space and ground-based instruments allow spatially resolved observations of in- terstellar matter in extragalactic star-forming regions (SFR), which opens up opportunities for studying the features of the star formation process in a significantly wider range of pa- rameters than is possible in our Galaxy. -
A Search for Ultraviolet Emission from Liners
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CERN Document Server A Search for Ultraviolet Emission from LINERs Aaron J. Barth Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720-3411 Luis C. Ho Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, 60 Garden Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Alexei V. Filippenko Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley CA 94720-3411 Wallace L. W. Sargent Palomar Observatory, 105-24 Caltech, Pasadena, CA 91125 ABSTRACT We have obtained Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2 ul- traviolet (UV) 2200 Aandoptical˚ V-band images of 20 low-luminosity active galactic nuclei, most of which are spectroscopically classified as LINERs, in order to search for a possible photoionizing continuum. Six (30%) of the galaxies are detected in the UV. Two of the detected galaxies (NGC 3642 and NGC 4203) have compact, unresolved nuclear UV sources, while the remaining four UV sources (in NGC 4569, NGC 5005, NGC 6500, and NGC 7743) are spatially extended. Combining our sample with that of Maoz et al. (1995), we find that the probability of detection of a nuclear UV source is greatest for galaxies having low internal reddening and low inclination, and we conclude that dust obscuration is the dominant factor determining whether or not a UV source is detected. Large emission-line equivalent widths and the presence of broad-line emission also increase the likelihood of detection of nuclear UV emission. Our results suggest that the majority of LINERs harbor obscured nuclear UV sources, which may be ei- ther accretion-powered active nuclei or young star clusters.