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Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Association. It may not be published rnor .may it ko ....uotd as r pro,onl;n" h Askocito vlews. The Association I accepts no responsibility for the accuracy or compieteness of the contents of the
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SONE IRRIGATION PROJTECT
STATE OF BIHAR
INDIA Public Disclosure Authorized
June 21, 1962 Public Disclosure Authorized
Department of Technical Cnperatinsn CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS
4. 75 Rupees (Rs..) = US$ 1.0 Rs. 4. 75 million = US$ 1. 0 million
Weights: 1 Maund = 37. 3 Kg. or 82. 3 lbs. T N Tn T A
RMOR. TPRT(1.ATTCMT PR1WR.CT
TABLE OF CONTTENTS P-age No.
CQTt.M,rA IDV UI\I1'..LU--L Li* ' - '
I, A rTP' TD fl)TJTTrONTh1T7'P)FA M1^AT' Ii. DMT1X TIa .7w C I11 UIMVA S TIO N
XI . TTI TPA JLr',m TLRA A. General 2 Be The Existing Irrigauoln Systern 3 C. Water Requirements 3 D. Jlater Supp'ly 4 E. Soils, Topography and Drainage 4 F. PrincipaL Crops 5 G. Irrigation Practices 6 H. Services% to Farmers 6
!V. THE .PROu'CT 7 A. General 7 B. Barrage and Associated Works 7 C. 'Link Canals 8 D. Extension and Remodeling Existing Canals 9 E. (Construcltion Schedule 9 F. Cost Est:Lmates 9 G. Finance 11
V. ORGANIZATION AND IvANAGEEINT 12 A. Construction 12 B. Operation and Maintenance 13
VI. OPERATING RE:SUITS 1b A. :rrrgati:n Charges 1L B. Net Reven-ues and Repayment 14
VII. BEPEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION 15
VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOIVDEIYDATIONS 16
ARNEXES: 1. Present Cropping Pattern 2. Future Cropping Pattern 3. Water Requirements and Supply 4. Observed Runoff of Sone River at Dehri 5. Sone Barrage. Plan and Section 6. Construction Schedule 7. Estimate of Costs 8. Details of Project Facilities 9. Orerating Results at Full DeveloTment iO. Copy of H4emnorandunm from the Secretaryj, Plalrimig Corin., dated Nay Il,196J SOJ ItRRIGATION PRtOjT - STATE ur BInUR
Su H H A R,Y
io Among the agricultural projects submitted by the Government of india to the IDA MLssion in August 1961, the Sone irrigation Project was selected for appraisal. A second mission made an appraisal of it in February 1962.
ii. The project would improve the water supply for 733,000 acres of crops presently irrigated each year and would make possible the irrigat_.on of about 300,000 additional acres of crops annually at a total cost of Rs. :L6704 million0 The main crop would be rice, with second crops of pu3lses, oilseeds and vegetables. A small area would continue to be in perennia:L crops, including sugar cane and fruits.
iii. The project includes construction of a new barrage across the Sone River to replace the existing diversion weir built in 1876. The new barrage would be five miles upstream from the old weir. Headworks and navigation channels located at the new barrage would be connected to the existing canal syst-em by link canals. The project also includes the remodeling and extension of the existing irrigation system.
iv. Trhe remo(deling of the existing irrigation system has been 9r% compLeted. Excavation of the link canals has been started and a unit price contract has been awarded for the civil works on the barrage (see paras. 66-72)= Tnvitations to tender have heen issuedl for the harrage gates, hoists and operating bridges (para. 73). v. The cost estimate of Rs. 167.4 million includes expenditures of Rs, !L7.6 m-Lllion prior to April 1 1961 (start of Indiats Third 5-Ye2r Plan), including interest during construction. The project would be corn- iet(d'l.rq hAt -Kr 1 OC (Ai v'-i r%c +Inh ThlrdA 5=VYea P lan-,pe - o)A +-i-nst te A rcs to complete is Rs. 147.7 million (US$31 million equivalent), including interpestiduring prnconsna anrd l&!< e*+c ningeni on the total cost, which amounts to 291O' contingency on the estimated cost of about Rs. 40 mill-ion cor-Tering it;ems for which f irm. pricesJ have not yet been obt inred, The estimated costs and contingencies are realistic. vie The financing required would be Third Plan period expenditures of Rso 1)f.52 million (Rs. 17?7 million less Rs. 2 If million in foreign exchange previously financed). The remaining foreign exchange expendi- tuire^s of R- 1. A _;fr TM(& n n_4':4_~ ,5X1i - AA- -4- :1: 1'_1.V*Io L49%a 11L_ L.__J%'L v Y.L oV JIL-LLL-L|JUL1 wcu_ ud boe L%. OUUU_ ,uP 1 6o The State of Bihar would provide for this type of project about 40h of t4e-inancing froma its budget and about 6C would be advanced by the Govern- ment of India. The amount of the IDA credit following previous pattern for financing of irrigationl projectbs would be about 50O0 of the Third Plan financing required for completion of the project (fls. 72.6 million). Ho-wever, ir this case Rs. 2.0 million for expenditures for purchases of materials in countries other than member countries would have to be deduc r d, leaving an amount of Rs. 70.6 milLion (about US$i-5> million rounded). - ii - vii. The project is technically and economically sound and self- liquiclating at 14h interest in a period not longer than 40 Oyears which would be considerably shorter than the useful life of the project. The project, would be constructed by the River Valley Projects Department of Bihar ancl operated by the Irrigation Department of the State. They are experienced and capable 0 viii. The economic benefits would be considerable. The gross farm benefit/investment ratio at full development would be about 96%. The net farm benefit/imrestment ratio would be about 32%, after discounting for the expected fivre-year development period. ix. The project would be suitable for an IDA credit of Rs. 70.6 million, or about U'$15.0 million equivalent, I IT D I A
SONE IRRIGATION PROJECT - STATE OF BIHAR
I; INTRODUCTION
1. A mission visited India in August 1961 to review irrigation projects with Indian Authorities and to select those which appeared rost promising for ThA cconsideration. A second mission arrived in India in February 1962 to appraise two projects, of which one was the Sone project in Bihar State.
2. This project was sanctioned under India's Second 5-Year Plan, and is to be completoed during the Third 5-Year Plan period. It involves the replacement of diversion works that have been in use since 1876 and can nc) longer be economically maintained. It also includes the remodel- ing and. extension of the canal system to make use of additional available water.. Under the existing canal system approximately 733,0CO acres of crops have been irrigated each year. The remodeled and extended canals will make possible the irrigation of about 3CO,OCO additional acres of crops. The estimated total cost of the project is Rs. 167,4 million, in- cludinig costs during the Second Plan period. The cost of completion during the Third Plean period has been estimated at Rs. 147.7 million (U'531 million).
3. This report covers the appraisal of the Sone project based on information supplied by the State and Central Government Authorities and on findings of the f'ield mission.
II. BACKGROUTD INTFORMAT ION
4. The State of Bihar is in the northeastern part of India, border- ing on Nepal to the North. The Ganges River flows from West to East, through the North Central part of the State, forming a wide and fertile alluvial Dlain.
58ihar Stat.e has texminI monsoon.rnp climateof eastern India, with a wet season from June to October ard a dry season from Novem- ber tr I4.Tay. The ave!rage arrnual rainfall in the projec area is about _5', with about 'O,' occuirring from June throuph Cctober.' l!While this rainfall is adeqcrua4te for moJ. shotse4so0flps t are r rt crop failures due to both early and late shortages of moisture. The area experiences h1notnsummers anad m ate r.., 4-ter,.a,, 4-.n,an daily maxinum temperature is 880F, and the annual mean daily minimum is
' 1 '-i JV'.L ULUO1 VV .CLU.U0 CIIU VUI1C;L .;.LUP WLO UtUe r,a.LUVJLI %J.LsUULLUUU Uli" year as there is no frost hazard. Yoisture, however, is a critical factor for 0Uccessf'L UL ytcr-roUU11U Ucrop JJo0UUcL;ioJ. 6. The total area irrigated in Bihar in 1957 was 4.4 million acres, inclding r' -. :,i2--.- P -- - 4-a-- - - A -Ln'.UincludXigULlIo 105ml_LLiUDnILL±JJIdlL acres fLrom-mII car_s,carL~ 0OJ.'JI1~JLI .6~JLI ac:eCl1ilio fr.LIA~IU~L~~l. tanks tn 2.3 million acres from wells and other sources. Hice was grown on about uu/jO I tJhne irrigated area .
Agriculture is a peasanm-type economy, largely dependent on family labor. Lands are generally owned by the cultivating farmers, lwith only -a small proportion wholly dependent on leased land.
8. Between 1868 and 1874, a diversion structure and a system of canals were built for irrigation from the Sone River, a tributary of the Ganges. The original plan was to provide water for irrigation durin,g the rabi (dry) season, November-Hlay. However, as rice production gained in importance the farmers gradually shifted to irrigation during the kharif (viet) season as shortages of water from monsoon rains were often critical, particularly during June and October. The area irrigated and the cropping program were adjusted to the availability of water during these critical periods. The old diversion structure has now deteriorated and is leaking badly. The loss of T!ater, along with heavy, siltation, has caused serious operational difficulties and it has been found necessary to take steps to replace the m.ain diversion structure as it can no longer be economicallyr maintained.
III. TE FROJECT AREA
A. General
9. The project area would comprise 783,0CO acres of irrigable lan.d located in Bihar State just West of the city of Patna. The broad, gently sloping flood plaint of the Sone and Ganges Rivers covers about 90% or th-,e area. The balance of the area is composed of undulating land along the Kaimuur Hills in the southwestern portion of the project.
10 C;enerally, all the land in the project area is cultivated, most of it grrnwing two rcrops each year. Of the total projicpt area of 783,0CO acres the irrigable area in the past has averaged about 592,000 acres (Annex 1). With some double cropping, about 733,000n..ave acres been irrigated each year. In addition, within the 783,000 acres and with double cropping, abI--,n RCrn nr'n ,.. v.e' ,-r ' ',a-,,Q Q ,,.Qn In ,'ear" ra-. 4- ; -;'i't + i -n ~~~~~~~~~"'-2 X-v V ) 4L.4 9 VJV. ( W__L.V,& Wv9WI V 4 VtrlL LA 4 4-4 ± 53 \- , resulting in the total production - irrigated and non-irrigated - of abc.ut 1,530,000 acres of crops each year.
11 ~ Agriculture, as practiced in the area, is prim'itive. The lah of a full water supply, equipment, fertilizer, pesticides and the "know- hc;.,,," UtJVlhas1JVAA ±rLesulted ~A LU UU intJ.1 ~AUexre,-l Io,LUVJ Y_-yied5 *;LD 11AIVMIe size0- 4Ati -anLIIU JJL.UUern-atter of. ±~.L1LLland' holdings is another factor limiting progress towards improved productiorn. The average holding is about 2.5 acres of cultivable land. However) thi.s in it;self is not the real problem. The real problem is the dispersal of an individual's h-.olding WLhich corlmplicatLes cultural and irrigation prac- tices. B. The Existing Irrigation System
12. The Sone irrigation scheme, extending along both sides of the Sone River, has been modified and improved somewhat during the past B0 years. The present project consists of the original barrage, 12,500 ft. long acrosE the Sone at Dehri with rrasonry ogee overfloaw section. Col- lapsible gates in the overflow section are used to raise the water level (after the flood season) to supply the canals. The reservoir is almost completely silted up to the ogee crest. Leakage of approximately 1,4C0 cusec through the crest gates and the barrage greatly reduces the avail- able water supply. Approximately WGO-of this leakage, or 560 cusec, is flowiing through the barrage, creating a hazardous condition. Continued maintenance and placing of rock on the downstream face has been necessary but the possibility of failure of the barrage is a major factor in the need for a new structure.
13. Ihe canal system comprises major canals on both sides of the river, with headworks at Dehri. The main canals have navigation locks with by-pass drops (hydels). This permits use of six-feet draft boats. Canals and distributaries (to 1 cusec minimum) are operated by the Irriga- tion Department of Bihar. Further distributaries are the responsibility of the village and local groups.
C. Water Requirements
lb. Estimates of irrigation water reouirements are based on the ey- pected future cropping pattern (see para. 25 and Annex 2) and take into accoe.unt the available rainfall rl1ring the groning season. The orincinal crop is expected to continue to be rice. The maximum irrigation demand occurs durin.ng One-±rhert when rqinfll is veryr light and the rine cron is maturing. This peak demand is the basis for design of the distribution system. If it is met, therer s ample capacity for all other irrigation requirements.
15" qThe calculated maximum irrigation requirements for the month of October pea.k are 7 inches of w.ater at the field for the Main W.estern Cnnla system, equivalent to a water duty of 1 cusec per 100 acres, and 9 inches for the Eastern Ganal yrstem, witha duty of Icusec per 80 acres. The 12-1/2% loss in the canal system during the monsoon season for seepage and evaporationr usedA 4rlcalcansi based on past records. Averae los for the balance of the year is taken at 20%. The requirements at the bar- rage h.1..y mronlths andA te *Iate-r soupplyr o-r theire syste, gi-en Jn Annex 3.
De. ITJater Supp'l-,y
1 t I .A A - … .9 A_- ..- - A A -- I 5_l I . I---- - 1 U. Il1e variaaUons in aznua± prec±p2LIuaon anu iune errai'.Lc runoii O0 the rivers in India have caused the adoption of certain criteria for irri- gation projects. In computing natural flow and runoff of the river the extreme lowT years (about 1 in 1l for the Sone) are disregarded. Supply is then assessed on availability in 75 of years on tha average. Thus, shert- ages and ratJionrrg1o-u bc cyperienced w thout sIorage supply in cne year iii four. 17, The irrigation water supply from the natural flow of the Sone River has been erratic. Tne rainiall in the project area varies widely from year to year. The project has been dependent on natural river flow, wh!ich has varied from a maximum of 1,2C0,000 cusec (1923 flood) to a mini- n,um of 300 cusec in the dry months. A tabulation of the runoff of the Sone River for the past 10 years is given in Annex 4. Rainfall records for part of the Sone catchment are available since 1903. The analysis of these records show runoff reasonably consistent with the 10-year measured runoff.
18J The recent construction of Rihand Dam with useable reservoir storage of 7.28 million acre feet will firm up the water supply. The Rihand Dam in Uttar Pradesh State is on the Rihand River, a tributary to the Sone, about 1C() miles upstream from Dehri. It was built and will be operated as an hydroelectric schemie with an installed capacity of 250,C(CctK NMormal operation of Rihand to generate 105,000 T.' at 55,0 load factor requires realease of M7O0 to 7100 cusec depending on the net head avail- able. A study of past runoff records for 52 years for Rihand indicates only one year (1954) when inflow would not be sufficient for generation of 105,C00 KI . In that case power would be reduced to 55,0CO KW over a period of nine months and releases wJould only be 3,000 cusec.
19. The Rihand Reservoir was built and will be operated for power only. Daily fluctuations in water releases will be essentiallyr evened out in the 100 milins of river before the water reaches the Sone barrage. Very minor storage and regulation would be available in the pool above the harrage. There are no prnnrsedr diversinns or onnsimntive use of water between Rihand and Dehri on the Sone. Because of the hilly terrain, no Tmalor irrirTation is likel=v
20. T1-1Q water sumpl-v to -h.e Sone project is reasonabh'v ansre from natural flow of the Sone and Rihand releases (Annex 3). Rihand controls only one fifth of the natural flow of th.e Sone above DehrTL Some short.- ages of a few weeks duration may be experienced in years of generally lowj ru,nof .f .
E. Soils, Topography and Drainage 21. The soils, topographic and drainage characteristics of project 'I andAt t : or-eVentr. 1 nv,ois ormlte1 1 l c1asiCfic-a ti oAs -;,I surveys have been made of the area reconnaissance examination has been r-rd ~~'JJof theV.VLm~~UL5.L. i DisricThaaba~ UL.~,U *w5L1.LkUL-gicltra c L.AJcoer-- V Lo 91DJI--LpJ ofPVJ± teUIvu project4JLJJ5. area., The soils in about 90% of the project area are alluvial deposits
*¢ ~theSor.U1i UJIL 5 CL'U1ar.-- A a..eIIIU O J..-V~LRiv-ers. * .LVThe L 4textures4l A LU.LVO range4 frmA.18:±UVLL ihtcLgfl L CLW.YOst LU sandy loams, wjith sandy clay loans predominating in the bulk of the area. In ieneral, bui1 suils are - UIiUOUc-Jy goUU .LoV aln ar 01 Ulib 1nag.1.LuUe. They are friable, above average in fertility and have excellent permeabi- lityI UnUer more advanced culTural practices Of crop rotation and ferti- lizer util.ization yields should be well above those now being obtained7 22. The general relief of the area is ideal of irrigation purposes. ith iarge -0oiso dlyn ntesr pl in av.inG ai s-ope of bo one foot per mile. About l10 of the area, principally in the southwest portion of thr.e project, is of slightly hea-vier sol with uIdulating topo= graphy, but still highly satisfactory for irrigation.
23. There are no drainaae facilities provided for project lands. Even tnough the project has been under irrigation for the past 80 -years, areas showing deterioration due to salinization or waterlogging are in- consecuentiaI. The sub-stratum of project soils range from light clays to sands with the majority in the lighter textural ranges. Water tables fluctuate with the nmonsoon season but in general are well below the depth that might adversely affect crop production. All fields are bunded to fully utilize the raLrnfall and irrigation applications. As a result run- off is held to a minimum and appears to be adequately taken care of by the natural water ccourses.
F. Principal Crops 240 ALthough the area is well adapted to a wide variety of crops the principal crop now - and it is expected to remain so for many years - is rice. Under present operation the entire irrigable area, except that used for perennial crops, is planted to rice in late June, July or early August for its primaary growth during the kharif season. Harvest of this crop, depending on variety, generally occurs in October or November. This same area is then re-seedled to a number of crops; some are irrigated, others are not. The chief crops that are irrigated du ng the rabi season are: wheat, barley, peas, gram, potatoes and vegetables. Important second crops grown without irrigation are: khesari (a type of pulse), cereal ancd gram mixtures and linseed. Although the yield of these crops could be greatly increased i-ith small applications of water, it has not been the practice, nor is it alwavs possible, to irrigate under the present system of water distribution. The present cropping pattern, yields and estimated value of nrodurtion are shown in Annex 1.
25. It is not exDected that the present cropping plan will be materi- ally altered by the additional supply of water to be made available by the project. In the future, it is expected that of the total irrigable area of 783,000 acres about 749,000 acres will be planted to rice. The remain- ing L.iC(0O acres would be planted tr nerennial crons. After harvest of the rice crop, this area will be replanted to various crops. The main _e_-onrd croprsn f.thoe i rriaqp-ed will be: wheMt- hnr1Aevr- arrm, pntt.o 26, I,tsho-u'ld be noted tIIat the antjicipated f-ut-ure yields are consUer- vative. Though about double those now obtained, they represent only about =ne half the productive potential of the area. The project area nas exceel- lent soilsj good clirma. and a satisfactoiy water supply but crop yields higher than ant-icipated in Annex 2 cannot be expected uniil inp2o-ement is maze in irricatior and other cultural practices. - 6 - G. Irrigation Practices 27. Irrigation wTater is delivered from project facilities to a dis-- tributary channel under the supervision of a village representative. Each channel serves an irrigation block (20 acres or more), usually made up of a number of fields of many individual owners. Each field is bunded and is planted to the same kind of crop. However, there may be several kinds of crops in the irrigation block. When water is delivered to the field it is permitted to run until the desired depth of water is reached; then it is permitted to pass on to the next field. Water is not necessarily delive:^'ed frnm tl.ihchannel ts the field but more often is passed from field to fieLd within the irrigation block, sometimes for long distances. The disadvan'- tages of such a system.aerare readily apparent: the most onhi-rtinnahle of which is the fact that an individual cannot secure water for his particular field until all o'^nmers of firlq t.hirough wifhich his water munst-. travePrse are agr_e- able. This method :is universal throughout the project for all crops except potatoes and vegetables, where an attempt at Dirro-w irrigyation isc made.- 28. Currently the cutvtr eonrac fo irrigation wae naeo basis. They are free to choose to grow a crop without irrigation so the available J-rigation a±LCLU.±ti r,a.y1 not LLusedO toL fUl.L capalty aInd& crop yields for the area will be below those that could be expected with adequate irrigattion. H. Services to Farmers 29. Services lo farmers have recently been imrrproved and are in general adequate. The Shahabad District Agricultural Program, sponsored by the Ford Foundation in conjunction with Bihar State, covers 20 of the 22 operation blocks of t.ne project area, or about 9l1S. This intensive agricultural diS- trict program, knowni as the "package program", was commenced in this area in 1961. It is headed by a Deputy Agricultural Officer, a State employee who has a staff of soil, seed and plant production specialists and a number of workers at the village level. The program appears to be well conceived along the lines of research, experimentation and extension. Special em- pnasis is being placed on amprovement in seed stocx and the increased use of fertilizers. If properly carried fonrard for the minimum five-year period as planned, it will be of material benefit to the cult-ivators on the project. It is important that a similar type program te continued in the project area with the view of obtaining even better crop yields than are anticipated in this report. Bihar State carries on a normal type of exten- sion service to those farmers not included in the package program. Credit facilities now avai:Lable, together with those included in the "package program" appear to be adequate for the needs of the cultivators. 30. Farm produce above that required for subsistence needs can satiLs- factorily be handled through local and co-operative marketing facilities now, available and those to be established as a part of the agricultural program. Wost of the farm production will be consumed within close prox.i- mity to the project but some rice may be consigned from local markets for consurnption elsewhere. - 7 - TV. THE PROJECT A. General 31. The project is the improvement and extension of the Sone irriga- +ion schemec. The Tnnin worksq in1uiirle -rePnTceme-rnt nf the diversion harrane and remodeling and extension of the existing canal system. About 10% of the necessa-, works was ccmpleted during the Second 5-Year Plnn period and woulcd not be inclucded for financing under the proposed credit. Further exter,sion of th1 Sc irrgaon scheme (P-ase 2) i ur.dercon- ideratior for the fut;ure but is not included in this project. 32. The proposed works of the project include a new barrage to be locat;e fv4- ,-,es upstream,of the presen---t we;-r at Te^I.- Thenwsrut,r would piovide better regulation of river flow and head for water supply. The g-uide buids would narrow the weir oefw ct-on and sluices would reduce siltation problems. Link canals are to be built on each side to connect witlh the existing system. Na-vigation channrels wIll connect DObLt canal systems to the lake upstream from the new barrage. 33. The existing canal system is being remodeled and extended to more adequately irrigate the 592,C-O acres presently irrigated, and to serve an addit,ional 191,C0O acres of land within the general area. Capacity is be- ing increased to provide full irrigation requirements for maturing rice and other crops at the critical period (usually October) at the end of the mon- soon., 34. The link canals would be built to include added capacity for future higher-leve:L canals to serve an additional L25,OCO acres. The bar- rage would be located far enough upstream to give gravity command to these canals. The construction of these high-level canals would necessitate prior arrangements to ensure an adequate water supply by either co-ordinat- ing the water reqiuirements of the Sone project with those of power at Rihand Dam upstrearn, or alternatively by developing additional water sources from other tributary rivers. B. Barrage and Associated Works 35. The Sone Barrage is to be a semi-floating concrete ogee weir, about 4,633 feet long between abutments, with steel piling cutoff walLs driveni into the river bed sand. Upstream and downstream rock and concrete block aprons and energy dissipation piers are provided in the overflow section. The maximum flood of record was 1,200,000 cusec. The spillway is designed for a maximum flood discharge of 1,hl5,OCO cusec. The dam and guide bunds wouldl have nine feet of freeboard above designed maximum high water. Re- leases and pool eleavation are to be controlled by 57 60ft. x th.5ft. ver- tical lift gates sest between piers with hoists and operating bridge above. PLers w:ill also carrv a rnroir bhridge arnros the bharrage. - 8 - 36, There will be seven undersluice bays on the left and five on the right of the spillway and adjacent to the main canal intakes. These will be controlled by 601t. x 16.5ft. vertical lift counterveighted gates. The location of the sluices, the lower elevation and sloping approach will nermit sluicingno of silt from the mrain canal headgate area. Canal headgate structures are set at an angle to the barrage to minimize siltation. 37. A plan and section of the barrage are shown in Annex 5. The n7r'rf'lnTz pc r'+i nn nf +-ip Inrrn? wniilH r;.qq n flnnr3 of .LIRO neiMnisprO with gates fully opened, and before retrogression of the channel downstream. This i-s mores than ample provision for normnl floods wrthout exceeding the design pool flood level. If the sluice gates were also opened the flood disch.arge would be :,!)50,000 cusec. This is 17< above the ma_im.um flood of record. Two feet additional elevation in pond flood level would give a discharge ofr about 1,700,000 cusec.I There ould remain seven feet of free- board. The provisions for flood discharge are considered adequate. 38, The head walls, guide walls, piers and abutments are to be sup-- portedc on ca(fssons (ourndation wells), 1LIto ', UK,ete3 vr.., in depth from 18 to 50 feet. Oblong caissons 25i6" x i!t are to be used -aijuzer pajJconL UhLe nU.Lin ab[ut,meUitsI. Tlh'e caiLssons wll have a re-'U.LU-JJUOCeU concrete plug base amd will be backfilled with sand, Suitable filters, drains, and weepholes are provided for th e structures. 39. The main canal nead works at either side will be controlled by vertical lift gates, The first mile of each link canal is included in the contract for the barrage so that excavated materials may be used in the guide bunds. There are suitable materials for compacted earth bunds in the canal excavation. 4o, Sand for concrete can be obtained from the river channel with the addition of rock; fines from crusher operation. Coarse aggregate wilL be crushed rock. Adequate quarry rock of good quality is available about; four miles from the barrage site. 41. Cement is available from a mill at Dehri, approximately six road miles from the site. Reinforcing steel is also available from Dehri rail- head, shipped from Calcutta and Jamshedpur. Electric power is available at the site from the Bihar Electricity Board at established rates. Steel piling, to be imported, is to be procured by the State and furnished to the contractors at t;he site. 42. The type and capacity of the bridge across the dam has not yet been determined, since the Department of Highways has decided not to in- clude this as part of the main road system. C. Link Canals Headworks for the link canals are to be constructed on either side of the barrage with capacity sufficient to supply the existing and enlarged canal systems on both sides of the Sone River- and also the future high-level canals which are not presently -art of the sanctioned project. 44. The right bank link canal wjill be 6.25 miles long and will have a capacit;y of 4,175 cusec. It will be open cut, mostly unlined, with the necessaa7,r cross-drainage works, bridges, navigation locks and by-pass ialls and regulators. 45. The left bank link canal will be seven miles long and will have a caracity of 7,765 cusec. It will include similar essential structures. 46. Headworks are provided at the junction of the link canals ancd the existing main canals. NTavigation by-pass channels with suitable locks are provided around all headworks structures. D. Extension and Remodeling Existing Canals 1b7. The existing system of canals and distributaries is being en- larged. extended and remodeled to -orovide irrigation service to the exist- ing and new areas. This involves approximately 427 miles of canals on the right (easterr) svstem and 1235 miles on the left bank system. 8^. Tn addition to enlargemen.t for added capacity thisn work includes reshaping and regrading canal sections, adding regulators, revising locks ard h.,_ drcAo- -c;' -' J I a++rl v'- M'+A n+ nr J VI- +hI A ; c+ "-;,4h'- J -Hn nels. V. Construction Schedu,le j~, UiI~LI U J_L.Lt~ '~UL l;°O, iTheconstUructUion s c hledulUe cone1U-J,,plaCt Uor,,pJleltioU1n1 cUin lull UJiler- tion by ltay 1965. This is realistic. The construction schedule is shown iLn A'nnex- U. 5°- Enlargement, extension and remlodeling ofutie existing irrigation system has been about 90% completed. Construction of the link canals i; under Way. A cont:ract has been awarded for construction oI tne barrage civil works and invitations to tender have been issued for the gates, hoists and operating bridgLes. 51. lTe acce.,s roau's to the barrage site have been completed on both sides of the river. Permanent and temporary housing for State employees at tihe site, streets, utilities and warehouses are provided and the rockc quarry has been opened. F. Cost Estimrates 52. 'J'The cost of the Sone project, including interest during construc- tion-, is estimated at Rs. 167.4 million (Annex 7). 1/ Interest during construction on borrowed funds (60% of funds required) at 4%, the rate for loans from the Ceii;ral Gove.rnment for projects of this type. - 10 - 53. Exnenditures. excluding interest. nrior to Anril 1. 1961 (the beginning of the Third 5-Year Plan) amounted to Rs. 17.3 million. In- cluding interest on hbrro-wed1 funds during the Second 5-Year Plan the to-t,al cost would be about Rs. 17.6 million. Additional interest until comple.- tion ofl the project construction (Item 16, Annex 7) wold increase the Second Plan cost to Rs. 19.7 million. 54, 'Estimated1 expenditures during the Third 5-Year Plan are Rs. 139.9 mi 1 1 ; ori- air,. ,,A- ncr -; n+ov'oc+. 1 n,-1 ,,A4 crs -; n+nroc+ rl,,w; ncr thco r.nA-r,Yil. 'vi nn period the estimated cost would be Rs. 147.7 million. The expenditure scnin, 1 a eTj1O"l - .,a+m bi l y -as follors1 (in1 Irupees-' m1Jl-l-lior;) 1961±/62J ±1962/63 ±963/UL1 71964/'J 1965J/66) ULot 10.623.8 fl'7 36.5 26.1 X7 '7 4-). I. -)U.;) CO.±. ±L4( *. 55. Cost estimates were originally prepared by the River Valley Frojt-cts Departrer U oflBihar and checakd by the Central 'ateranIU r-UMr CoimiLssion. Actua:L costs and up-to-date estimates were reviewed and re-- v-ised. Comparisons were also made with unit costs from other projects under cons-truction in India. 56. l,uork on remodeling and extending the old canal system is over 90% completed. Excavation of the link canals has been started. A firm unit price contract has been awarded for construction of the b,rrage. Lands and rights-of-way have been acquired; roads, houses and utilities have been built. The cost of items yet to be purchased; i.e. gates, hoists, steeL piling, reinforcement steel and cement, are f'airly closely fixed. Specifications and invitations to tender have been issued for manufacture, suppLy and installation of gates, hoists and the operating bridge. Thus, the only i-tem not firmly or definitely designed is the road bridge super- structure across the barrage to be supported on piers wjhich are already contracted. A contingency item of 10% of total project costs is included. This contingency is equivalent to 29% of the estimated costs of works for which firm prices are not yet known. These include certain works for the barrage, link canals and remodeling of existing canals roughly estimated at Rs. [0 million. In view of the present status of the project the esti- matecl costs and corntingency allowance should be adequate. 57. T'he costs include estimated expenditures (Rs. 3.6 million) in the link cmnals for additional capacity that would be required to serve the proposed high-level canals if these are subsequently constructed. 58. Private cn-farm investments have not been included in the cost estimates. They are relatively small and consist of digging field chan- nels to areas receiving irrigation for the first time. The work would be done by the farmers themselves or by village co-operative effort with their own tools in time that otherwise w!ould not be productive. Inasmuch as practically all the lands to be served are now leveled and surrounded by bunds to keep the rainfall from flowing away, there is only a minor ainourLt of additioral work required. - 11 - 5. Finance 59. The Sone project was sanctioned in India's Second 5-Year Plan and fun.ds for completion are included in the Tird Y Plan.T Governments of India and Bihar have so far made the funds available and agreed~~-1 toUU cont-ir,ueIUL.t :to.lAJ advanceI dI4I.L1tI fur.ds4U -. tIo4J I !I1,.eet theuU- constr1L,uctionAJ-)__- -_-UA.-_ sche1hUIe "UI'.AuL'e.-1 UV. elltcoUs U U Lit-, p.LUJtUU UUL±l Al ULP:1 1iL.EULk fLI JpU1I-LUU -LO RS. 147.7 million but Rs. 2.5 million of the foreign exchange involved has previo-usly been financea. The project has received used construction equipment by transfier from the Irrigation Department and from the Damodar Valley Corporation at approximately 25%p oI its original cost. The project is charged with 75% of this depreciated cost, or Rs. 1.0 million. The equipment was originaily acquired under foreign exchange credits to India. The Export-Import Bank of the United States has extended a further credit oI Rs. 2.0 million and construction equipm.ent has been ordered against this credit. The project is to be charged 75% of this cost, or Rs. 1.5 miilion. 61. In addition to foreign exchange already made available the bar-- rage contract requires Rs. 6,580,000 (US;l.h million) for materials and equipment not available in India. The contractor for the barrage will need additional construction equipment, concrete mixing plant, crushers, vibrations, well-point equipment, cranes, hoists and pumps. The Depart- ment will purchase steel piling and the gates, hoists and bridges for which some components must come from outside India. The estimated cost of these items is Rs. 20.7 million, of which about 25%, or Rs. 4.8 million (US4Jl.0 mil:Lion) is the estimated direct foreign exchange requirement. 62. The Third Plan financing required for cormpletion by flay 1965 is Rs.. lt5.2 million1 (Rs. 147.7 million less Rs. 2.5 million). For this type of project about forty per cent would be provided from the budget of the State of Bihar. The balance would be advanced by the Central Government iat 4X0 int.erest. This project comes under the provisions of the "IIiscel:laneous Development Loan Fund" under which the terms of re- payment vary from 7 to 15 equal annual installments after an appropriate grace periol. The amount of the IDA credit following previous pattern for financing of irrigation projects would be about 50% of the Third Plan financing required for completion of the project (Rs. 72.6 million). However, in this case Rs. 2.0 million for expenditures for purchases of materials in countries other than member countries and Switzerland would have t;o be deducted, leaving an amount of Rs. 70.6 million (US'15.0 milli-on rounded). - 12 - V ORGANIZATION AYD MAWFAGEIuETT A. Construction 63. The State of Bihar has established the River Valley Projects Department to do the planning, designing and construction of maicr irri- gation, hydropower and flood control schemes. It is under the direction of a Chief Administrator, a Chief Engineer and a Chief Finance Officer. The Department is carrying out the Kosi, Chandar, Ghandah and Sone projects. with headquarters at Patna. 6L. The Central Wlater and Power Commission at New Delhi reviews plans, designs and cost estimates and has general supervision during con- 6<. The Depart.m.en.t has an Executive Engineer stationed athri+. in charge of the barrage and link canals and appropriate divisional organi- zations for variOsICZ anrt.s: of +the woTkV Depart.menrt. forcen nre doing nll construction work except the barrage, which is being done by contract. 66, The Department has experienced and capable men and is qualified 1 ut conuple.te tUhVZ PF UJ-ctU LUcor.tLULuctiVon. l 67gem1et, extensuion andu remiodelir,g of' t1ne eL.si iGa > 68. Tenders for construction of Sone barrage and appurtenant works in one group and fo:r the guide buncls and portions of the link canals in a second group were invited on January 27, 1961. Tenders were to be sub- mitted by August 18 but by request this date was extended to September 8, 1961. The tender notice was published in Indian newspapers and copies were sent to the American Consulate in NIew Delhi and to Comn.ercial Attachles of the Embassies of India in the U.S.A., U.K., Paris, Rome and West Germany. 69. Nineteen parties purchased tender documents at Rs. 1CO each. All of these were Indian firms but it is not known how many of them, if any, represent foreign interests. 7Q. Two tenders were received for both groups of work and two other tenders were received for the small part of the work in the second group only; i.e. guide bunds and link canals. The latter two tenders were higher than the others and did not have proper deposit of earnest money, so were rejected. 71. The National Projects Construction Corp.Ltd., a Government of India enterprise, and the Ilindustan Construction Co.Ltd., a private con- tractor, were the onily two tendering on all the wTork. A committee renre*- senting C.WPC and the State reviewed the tenders anrd found the hindustan tender the lowest. 72. A unit price contract for civil works of the barrage constructioTa hias bDeen a-warduedu to thei-lirld-iLSuain C0nstr-.Luclon_Li uuljComaye LlThe contraEctU tota.l is Rs. 77,896,000 with completion specified for hlay 1965. The contractor is probably- the largest private construction organization in Inula and recently completed a contract for construction of Rihand Dam and power plant. 73. Specifications and invitations to tender have been issued for manufacture, supply and installation of gates, hoists and operating brilges. Tenders are invited for June 18, 1962, with completion specified for 1%iay 19965 B. Operation and Mviaintenance 74. Upon completion the project would be turned over to the Irrigation Department of Bihar for operation and maintenance. The State is divided into "circles" for Irrigation Department administration and the Sone project comprises a circle. Operation and maintenance of the completed project facilities will be under the direct charge of the Sone Circle, with offices located in Dehri. Technical and administrative jurisdiction will be under the Irrigation Department, State of Bihar, with offices in Patna. 75. For the purpose of project administration, the Sone Circle is divided into three divisions with offices in Dehri, Arrah and Buxar. Each division is divided into sub-divisions of approximately 50,000 acres each and is adequately staffed with operation and maintenance personnel. 76. An examination of the project facilities disclosed that the standard of maintenance has been adequate. The present staff will be somre- ,what increased to satisfactorily perform the operation and maintenance of project works to serve the new area but in general the organizational structure wiill remain the same. 77. Details of the facilities to be operated and maintained are gi'ven in Annex 8. Estimated operation and maintenance costs are as follows: Present - 733,000 acres of crop irrigated: Present area Rs. 2,200,000 Old barrage it L30,000 Rs. 2,630,000 Per acre irrigated Rs. 3.60 Fu-ture - 1,030,000 acres of crop irrigated: Present area Rs. 2,200,000 New area " 382,000 New barrage and link canals " ),8o.ooo Rs. 3jn62;nno Per acre irrigated: Rs. 2.97 Rounded: Rs. 3.00 VI. OPERATING RESULTS A T___: I L.! 78. Charges for irrigation water throughout Inia are the responsi-- bility of the various States. Each State has a water rate schedule estab- lished by Ordinance,, The revenues collected on the basis of suchi rate schedules have generally been sufficient to cover the costs of operation and maintenance and provide for only a low rate of return on investments., Thus, from a financial standpoint, very few irrigation projects have been self-:Liquidating. 79. In Bihar, existing rates for irrigation water were established in 1952. They vary from Rs. 5 to Rs. 18 per acre irrigated. The rate for rice is Rs. 9 for a long-term lease and Rs. 10 on an annual basis, with an average of 'Rs. 903. The rate for sugar cane and vegetables is Rs. 18 and for rabi, or dry-season crops, Rs. 5 per acre. 80. The annual project revenues expected from these water charges and miscellaneous o-ther revenues are expected to be about Rs. 9.5 milliol (see Annex 9). 81. Under the Bihar Irrigation and Flood Protection Act, 1959 (Bet.- terment Contribution Act), the Government is authorized to collect from the Sone project beneficiaries a land betterment levy of Rs. 105 per acre in 15 annual installments, or Rs. 7 per acre per year, starting the forth year of full operation. The Central Governmentts approval of the Sone project specifically indicated that the State's project proposal should be modified to incorporate a levy of betterment contribution on the areas benefitted (see Annex 10). Bihar has indicated its two-fold objective that the capital invested in the Sone project will be recovered together with reasonable interest during a reasonable period of time. and that measures will be divised so as to ensure the earliest possible utilization of the full irrigation potential0 This obJective can be achieved by raising existing water rates, by adjusting existing lease arrangements for irriga- tion wzater, and by iLmposing betterment levy on well-defined new areas of irrigation0 Bihar also considers a scheme providing for the realization of an irrigation cess as most desirabhlO Bihar has agpree to take such steps as necessary to ensulre the recovery of the monies invested in the project toget.her wui+th rP.;o4lnnble interest. thereon within a period not longer than forty years after completion of construction. The implementation of such1 measures will conmrnene upon com.pletion of the conn+.rution in a manner so as to provide appropriate incentives to ensure early and full utilization of wa-ter prov'-di v1 the nroject- B. Net Revenues and Repayment 82. The annual operation and maintenance costs of the projects have been estimated at R4s. 3.06 million as shoIr in para- 77, These estaimtes are based on past records and are realistic. The State intends to increase the water rates by at least Rs. 3.1 per cropped acre (Rs. 3.2 million). Deducting O.&.M. costs from i,he expected reVerues leaves a r.etI alcu.± Uo. Rs. 9 6 million before depreciation. or capital charges (see Annex 9). 83. This would be sufficient to cover operation and maintenance costs and recovery- of the investment over forty years including Live years oI grace at 4% interest and to provide a small operational surplus. This period is shorter than the useful life of the project (see Annex 9). VII. BENEFITS AND JUSTIFICATION 84. The primary need for the new barrage arises from the danger of complete failure of the old barrage. Apart from this, benefits from the project would be the gains in production to be expected as a result of the improved water supply to be made available from the project. This improved water supply would enable the farmers to grow the higher yielding long- season varieties of rice and to adopt improved cultural practices, including the use of fertilizers. Vihile the greatest increase in yields may be expected from the presently non-irrigated areas a substantial increase in crop yields from the lands presently irrigated is also to be expected. 85, Annexes 1 and 2 give estimates of the present and future values of agricultural production for the project area. The changes in the acreage of v-arious crops with the project are those that can be expected with an improved water supply. The future crop yields have been estimated conservatively, taking into account some shortages of water in occasional d:ry years. They represent about half of the potential yields for the area (see para. 26) and with the intensified agricultural program discussed in para. 29 they can reasonably be expected by about 1970. The estimates of future prices are those that can reasonably be expected on the basis of nresent nrire relationships- The annual gross valuep of nproduction is expected to increase from approximately Rs. 207 million to alDproximately Rs. 383 million, or by about Rs- 176 million. This would give a gross farm benefit./investment 1/ ratio of about 96%, which is exceptionally favor- able. 86. The anniiul innrreas in grnos inrnre from the 783,000 acres of irrigable land wlill average about Rs, 225 per acre. On the basis of the best av2ilhle infnrmation it has been estimated that the cash famn expen= ses weould increase by about Rs. 100 per acre. Net farm income would be exvp_ece+0rl +to i.-;nr eas from abrou1+t PCs 21 +to ' PsCZ per a-cre, orn by,.aboutl+ Rs. 125 per acre. This includes the return to otherwise unemployed family labor, 1/ For comparison of costs and benefits, Rs. 16.4 million has been added tothe cost during~ constructi.on~ estt-4---- of7sthe tal 16e pojeL.LMnm41in costLLLr Anr.eth 7f 4toUV incudirtees1u.LUUt-I 1iB,teO,0 dur-ing construction on the total project cost at the current IBRD rate. - 1 - 87. Applying these very approximate net benefit estimates to the full area of irrigable land (783-,000 acr-es), the order uo magnitude of net farm benefits, before water charges, would be Rs. 98 million. Deducting the project O.&.M. costs of Rs, 3 million per year the approximnate total net benefits per year would be about Rs. 95 million at the time of full development (1970), which would give a net farm benefit/investment ratio of about 52%. Allowing for a development period of five years and dis- counting the annual benefits over the useful life of the project- 6 0 years-- the net farm benefit/investment ratio would be about 32%. 880 These estimates are necessarily approximate but they clearly indicate that the project for replacement of the Sone diversion works and remodeling of the canal system is fully justified by the expected returns from the increased crop production. VIII. CONCLUSIONS AND RECCevhENDATIONS 89. The Sone Irrigation Project would provide for replacement of the main diversion work:s and remodeling and extension of the canal system of the existing Sone irrigation scheme. The project would improve the water supply for 733,000 acres of crops presently irrigated each year and would make possible the irrigation of about 300,000 additional acres of crops annually0 Construction would be under the direction of the River Valley Project Department, and the future operation of the project would be by the Sone Circle of the Irrigation Department. These are experienced organ- izations capable of constructing and operating the project competently and efficientlyv From an engineering standpoint the project is technically sound.. 90. The increase and greater reliability in water supply would be of substantial henefit to the farmers in the nroipret area and the proief.t is economically sound. With the proposed increase in irrigation charges the nroctiprnf wou.ld beh splf-linuir2tin0 ant. 10, intere-st. in acl,it. ),o vyars= The project would be suitable for an I'DA credit of US$15.0 million (Rs. 70e6. million), representing about 5n of the cost of financing co.m.pletion of the project during the Third 5-Year Plan. 910 During negotiations, IDA has obtained assurances that: a) the State of Bihar would collect water charges and as far a.s 4 rnv¶na+ h,nk a h nlnnnrra Cv.,rp, +h~ 4 ;Ac,k oraSn n honnc-C+4 ncr tAAa U..~~L.S '. ¼UCA LU JIv_ i6 L. a. 1S4.f H' vv*±s * 5 ~I vdI. L',,¶Z. 1 eaa. v.. from the project sufficient to cover operation and maintenance costs and recovery of te "-e,-4---m-'4-(a---a Pi -a PIN. LI/ Ulit; ±1LkL.-Ii0.LVU ±I±IIuu.LUULur.L.4 JJteVte±UJAITLtCL1U r ,Ld1 U '1 til C.L CL±~- lent program,would be broadened to cover the whole project area, an.d WoLdAbe continued to faciliDtate miore efficient and effective use of the irrigation water to be made available (para. 29J, AI\REX 1 SONF: PROn.ET PP7.P1',T C7rflPPrT\T1C PATTRPTM Are 783,000 Af-cres (592,000 Acres Irrigable) Value of' A c r e s Mds/Ac Rs/Iod. (Rs,) -Kharif Season - Irrigated ------ Early paddy 185,600 2l.5 12 32,294,400 late paddy 372,400 558,000 19,5 12 87,1)14,OO -Kharif Season - Non-irrlgated- A-utumn paddy LYJ.,000 i91,000 0 10 11,46OU,000 ------Perennials - Irrigated ------ Sugar cane 29,000 327 1.62 15,352,100 Fruits 5,000 34,000 (Rs. 1200 p.acre) 6,000,000 - - - - - Rabi Seascn - Irrigated Second Crop- - - W,1heat & barley 134,000 6 16 12,864,0CO Potatoes & vegetables 7,000 141,000 80 10 5,6(01-000 - - - - - Rabi Season - Non-irrigated Second Crop - - - Khesari 300,000 5 10 15,000,000 Gram 72,000 5 15 5)4h00,0C Cereal & gram mix 164,000 5 15 12,3(0,0CO Linseed V6,ooo 3 20 2,70,0000 Other 26,000 608,000 3 14 1,092,000 Total irrigated crops per year 733,000 159,262,h00 Total non-irrigated crops per year 799,000 48,0712,000 Total crops per year 1,532,000 207,27'1,L00 ANNEX 2 SONE PROJECT FUTURE CROPPINTG PATTERN Irrigable Area: 783,000 Acres Value of Yields Price Producl,ion A c r e s Mds/Ac Rs/Md (Rs.') …------Kharif Season - TrriLcat±ed. FErlyr padcly 9Q-nnn 20 12 70, Rn0(nn late paddy 430,000 29 12 149,6to,o000 At urnt payrIr r nnn 7h,000 -I 10 3 ,4 ), nrin ------Perennials - Irrigated - - Sugar cane 29,000 t150 162 21,14-lL,ooo .'ru4 4esn If nrfrcnn -D ornc tpf A rnrr\ rn '-L U d2n9 L4a9 ,so V .v ovv - - - - - Rabi Season - Irrigated Second Crop- Wheat & barley 166,000 16 16 42,496.,000 Peas & grcam 56,0Uuv L 15 U,LUU,)UU Potatoes & vegetables 25,000 247,000 150 10 37,500,000 - - - - - Rabi Season - Non-Irrigated Second Crop - *- - - Khesari 300,000 7 10 21,000,000 Gram 10,000 8 1i 15200,00O0 Cereal & gram m:ix 127,000 8 15 15,2420,000 Linseed 45,000 5 20 ,550(o,0oo Other 20,000 502,000 5 1 1,4OO,000 Total irrigated crops per year 1,030,000 339,577, 0CO Total non--irrigated crops year year i502,000 43,3()0,000 Total crops per year 1,532,000 382,917',000 ANNEX 3 SONE PROJECT WATER REQUIREI--"S AND SUPPLY (in acre feet) Averag-e%/ MI-rnnm Irrigation Sone River Month Average ttonth ~ Requirement ' w S f .elease T,h n t _~O__ __iti ~r r - /, -,,-.r - -~L v U_,UUU U_),UU ( )UU1UU T,I I .^n. r. I I n nnn rn e,,, ,,I augu.J- )14,UUU 74)JuuU September 3 66,5 L-00 6,730,100 !$703,000 October 590,800 912,O 500500,u 370,000 November 181,_1UU 52z9VUUU 36,700 30j,U0U December 185,o00 224,300 186,700 370,U00 January 173,000 390,400 353,800 370,000 February 156,300 287,200 263,200 348,000 RIarch 84,300 247,500 210,900 370,000 ApriL 86,000 131,700 98,800 360,000 Al 1-%y 88,900 92,1400 69,600= 370,000 1/ AQverage measured flow at Dehri 10 years (1950-1960) 2/ NEinimum month :LO-year period. / A'verage release for firm power. S/Shortag.e in irrigation requirements from natural flow (without RihEud release). N/ionscon runoff exceeds requirenents. Xihand will be storing about one fifth of Sone total. Rihand storage minus release would reduce natural Sone flow. ANIX1D 4 SONE PROJECT Observed Runcff of Sone River at Dehri (T'OOo acre feet) Average Month ]950_ 1951/52 1952/53 1953/54 ]L954/55 1955/56 1L956/57 1951ZL8 1958/59 199/60 Month Jim.e 2,575.1 219.7 :1,583.0 299.2 175.9 176.2 2,574.4 j 69.5 160.7 ]L96.2 813.0 July 6,988.8 4,680.1 3,963.4 6,800.5 ',593.9 6,3164.5 .5,662.9 6,2 37.8 5,787.2 5,3147.8 >, u42.7 AUguSt 1j3,405.0 6,787.0 7,224.1 7,259.0 6,729.2 7,438.0 65,988.0 7,840.0 6,469.9 8, L93.8 7,8331.4 Se ptember 6,474.0 7,467.0 65,970.1 5,961.0 6,792.0 5,703.3 6,880.6 6,867.0 7,311.7 6,1374.8 6,730.1 October 527.1 537.0 500.5 1,227.9 624.3 5;20.3 1,367.4 ;21.9 1,973.9 1,324.6 912.5 Total Monaoon 29,969.9 19,690.9 20,241.1 21,547.6 115,915.4 20,202.3 23,473.3 21,636.2 21,703.4 21,937.2 21,731.7 November 406.3 3'86.7 430.2 608.6 533.4 402.5 788.6 457.8 595.9 680.0 5252.0 December 260.8 238.8 236.4 194.4 186.7 20o4.3 232.8 237.2 219.14 232.0 2214.3 January 41L1.7 402.8 398.0 3188.8 353.8 355.3 366.1 367.8 408.2 1452.0 390..4 February 301.7 304.6 297.0 284.0 263.2 278.7 276.0 270.6 272.6 324.0 287.2 March 251.3 2'47.5 234.0 252.5 218.5 210.9 283.4 263.7 241.7 272.0 2L7 5 April 183.8 114.5 U14.3 122.9 102.1 98.8 171.0 128.5 156.7 124.0 13J .7 MAY 111.6 85.3 88.4 74.7 77.9 69.6 110.0 95.7 118.9 92.0 92.4 Total Non-Monsoon L,927.2 1,780.3 1,798.2 1,5925.9 1,735.6 1,620.1 2,227.9 1,821.3 2,013.4 2,176.0 1,90,2.6 Total 3:l,897.1 21,1471,2 22,039.3 23,473.5 lB,651.0 21,822.4 25,701.2 23,1457.5 23,716.8 24,1L13.2 23,634.3 (rounded) IN D IA Annex BIHAR STATIE SONE RIVER EBARRAGE - Wiclth between Abutments - 4633V- - _ _ W 4.D_ 11 .IU;...I.r . g / . p-_. . _ . t_.j-t *--;< t1tH & -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~- < ; ' ''' '' 2 ; 3 _ -'. . i L- C CHiCNET EVrTE ErEe .K - . .iii.- r--. -. _U"IIC D lL e , -- , ~~~~3 r --1CEt CanUALRIE E - , _ _-'I I gh I 1962R '6. - UR8lR167D 559 7A - I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-CNRT L IBRO-987'~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~300LE MA'Y 1962 / I N D I A SIO N E I R R I GAT I1ON PRO,JE(CT CONSTRUC*(TION SCHEDULE 1961 1962 1963 1964 1C65 SONE BARRAGE ______(MAonufocture) Jns to/2 Gates & Hoists = [ LINK CANALS =] E DISTRIBUITION SYSTEIM * *i,E [I Remodel Si Extend _ 90O/6 Complete/ rnI JUNE I962 I BR D-1016 A.MXEX 7 sfnEn; PRn,TFC)JT FS,TTMATV OFi rMTq CCSTS IT)TTPTYI.qPCOTTr) Th17'J7W-VLP PT,3 (QO 'LTR^H 31 19A60 lo Preliminary 1,735 2-.) I=KUndL'T.,...A3 2,6o oA .3.Canal works 11,185 A4. C)vee-Ic±U .L-1,L1.5 _o -LCbUdU.I HU.lU{UiU- Jfi _)VU 6, :rnterestY/ during construction 288 7. Total Say, Rs. 17.6 million EST mfTED PROdUCT COSTS - THIRD FVE-1YEAR PLAN (in Rupees!000) 8. Barrage Civil works contract 77,896 Other works 20,713 9. Link canals 15,004 10. Remodeling existing canals 4,689 11. Overhead 0,, 9,698 12e Contingencies"~'on Items 8, 9 and 10 11,830 130 Estimated experLditures 139,830 14. Interestl/ during construction 7)826 115. T'otal pry$ect costs 147,656 (Say 147-7 millicn) 16. InterestA' during construction on expenditures Item 7 2,141 1'7. Total costs Sone Irrigation Scheme 167,385 (Sum of Items 7, 15 and 16) 18e Total Say, Rs. 167.4 million 1/ Interest during construction on borrowed funds (60% of funds required) at 4%, the rate for loans from the Central Government for projects of this t.vne. 2/ Contingencies are only 10% of estimated total costs, but this is 29% of items P miniusi "Iivil iorks coTntract" p and 10, fror tmJfl-ih crsts are not yet fairly definitely fixed (see para. 56. ANNEX 8 sm,F,NP Rnl,ThYrTc nETATTSq nC PPROJEGT ALTT.TrTTF T"r-iga+icn vacil1i4.4- Present Enlarged UtJ hd Capcit Capacit.Luy SeV.L±lce Ar.-ecl Facility (miles) (cusec) (cusec) (acres) Sone Barrage - 1,200,000 1,L50,000 783,089 Right link canal 6.3 - 14,175 - lwain Eiastuern canal 7.2 2,600 2,960 3,286 Patna canal 83.5 2,450 2,803 6,029 Distributaries & channels 330.0 - Variable, 180,125 1 to 300 Total 427.0 189,440 Left link canal 7.0 - 7,765 - Main Western canal 21.5 4,600 6,700 44,715 Arrah canal 60.6 2,650 3,496 297,500 Buxar canal 45.4 1,950 2,402 208,400 Distributaries & channels 1100.0 Variable 1-400 83,034 Total 1,234.5 593,649 GRAND TOTAL 1,661.5 783,089 tMavigationi Facilities - Following Canals are Navigable: Main Eastern to Patna olutlet 14o Patna Canal 83.5 to Ganges >faTh Western to Buxar outlet 13.0 Buxar Canal 45.4 to Ganges Arrah Canal 60.6 to Ganges Total. 206.5 Project Appurtenances - residences, offices, plantations, shcpsp machinery, etc. ANNEX 9 SONE IRRIGATION PROJECT Operating Results at Full Developrmient Revenues Revenues 1. vrom water Rates at Existing Level: (Rs. 1000) Rice 749,000 acres at Rs. 93 6,966 Sugar cane and fruits 34,000 " " 18(0 612 Potatoes and vegetables 25,000 ii 18,0 450 Rabi crops 222,000 " " " 5.0 1,111 2. other Revenues (Fisheries, iNavigation, Land-lease): 370 Sub-total 9,509 3. Additional Irrigation Charges to be Levied: 3,218 Total Revenues 12,727 Costs Operation iand 11aintenance: 1,030,000 acres irrigated 3,062 Balance after C&M 9,665 Amortization Over lhO Years Including Five Years of Grace at i% Interest: 8,458 Surplus 1,207 Alternatively: Balance after 0&Nl 9.665 Depreciation Over Useful Life (60 Years): 2,790 Surplus 6,875 == == = C COP Y ANiEX 10 NTo. TR-2(29)/59 GUVERMTNT OF IDTIA PLANNTI1%G CO1TfSSION Udyog Bhavan, New Dol&rli Miay 1ii. 19Rt9,/VYSK. .i (Saka) FROM: The Sec vy, Plannnng Conmnmiqsionn TO: The Development Comrm.issioner, Goverrxnent of Bihar, Patna SUEJECT: Second Plan, Irrigation Programme - Sone Barrage with Link Canals and Reoeig f+eEis,oSn CrlS.+emn lI arl,.4o cor,vey that 4he p l.oject4 o S -- Brd+ l4k caal and. remocleJ.ing of the existing Sone Canal System, the salient features of ;!21.' 1 G ; t".g.,_Sen * -E1 Wit,C%dU UlFlPC11y-l r, v 1OLICL1^U UVV1 |LV sU bIkA> A. subject ;to(i) the technical comments and suggestions of the Central Viater andU owt:I' CrUmJlss1LL;i.LUn andU (.l) paa 2 eooTeimpe-etton of "he scheme is further subject to the financial provision that may be made avail- able from year to year. It has to be added that in the conttext of the present shortage of foreign exchange resources construction will have to be car'ried out with the minimum import oI conszruczion machinery ana equipment. 2. The project report does not provide for any betterment levy. As the Bihar Irrigation and Flood Protection (Betterment Contribution) Bill,1958 has already been passed by the Bihar Legislature, the project proposals should be modified to incorporate levy of betterment contribution on the areas benefited and the financial statements recast. 3. It is suggested that a Development Committee consisting of re- presentatives of the State Irrigation, Revenue, Agriculture, Co-operative and. Community Development Departments, may be set up to ensure timely utili- zation of new irrigation facilities as and when they became available from the project. 14. Copies of the Project Report and estimates of cost, modified in the light of the comments of the Central Water and Power Commission and para. (2) above, nay please be sent to the Planning Commission and to the Cer.tral WVater and Power Commission for record. 5. An early reply will be appreciated. Yours faithfuilly1 Sd/- (Balwant Singh Nag) for Secretary, Planning Commission | r INIA ol¢1-l j SONE- IRFRIGATIION F'ROJEECT S t i;- v s X W ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~X I 0~~~~~~~~~~~~ 0 030_40 S APRIL~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~" 192 HD-7