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Dangerously Free: Outlaws and Nation-Making in Literature of the Indian Territory
DANGEROUSLY FREE: OUTLAWS AND NATION-MAKING IN LITERATURE OF THE INDIAN TERRITORY by Jenna Hunnef A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of English University of Toronto © Copyright by Jenna Hunnef 2016 Dangerously Free: Outlaws and Nation-Making in Literature of the Indian Territory Jenna Hunnef Doctor of Philosophy Department of English University of Toronto 2016 Abstract In this dissertation, I examine how literary representations of outlaws and outlawry have contributed to the shaping of national identity in the United States. I analyze a series of texts set in the former Indian Territory (now part of the state of Oklahoma) for traces of what I call “outlaw rhetorics,” that is, the political expression in literature of marginalized realities and competing visions of nationhood. Outlaw rhetorics elicit new ways to think the nation differently—to imagine the nation otherwise; as such, I demonstrate that outlaw narratives are as capable of challenging the nation’s claims to territorial or imaginative title as they are of asserting them. Borrowing from Abenaki scholar Lisa Brooks’s definition of “nation” as “the multifaceted, lived experience of families who gather in particular places,” this dissertation draws an analogous relationship between outlaws and domestic spaces wherein they are both considered simultaneously exempt from and constitutive of civic life. In the same way that the outlaw’s alternately celebrated and marginal status endows him or her with the power to support and eschew the stories a nation tells about itself, so the liminality and centrality of domestic life have proven effective as a means of consolidating and dissenting from the status quo of the nation-state. -
Caddo Archeology Journal, Volume 19. 2009
CCaddoaddo AArcheologyrcheology JJournalournal Volume 19 2009 CADDO ARCHEOLOGY JOURNAL Department of Sociology P.O. Box 13047, SFA Station Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-3047 EDITORIAL BOARD TIMOTHY K. PERTTULA 10101 Woodhaven Dr. Austin, Texas 78753 e-mail: [email protected] GEORGE AVERY P.O. Box 13047, SFA Station Stephen F. Austin State University Nacogdoches, Texas 75962-3047 e-mail: [email protected] LIAISON WITH THE CADDO NATION OF OKLAHOMA ROBERT CAST Tribal Historic Preservation Offi cer Caddo Nation of Oklahoma P.O. Box 487 Binger, OK 73009 e-mail: [email protected] ISSN 1522-0427 Printed in the United States of America at Morgan Printing in Austin, Texas 2009 Table of Contents The Caddo and the Caddo Conference 1 Pete Gregory An Account of the Birth and Growth of Caddo Archeology, as Seen by Review of 50 Caddo Conferences, 1946-2008 3 Hester A. Davis and E. Mott Davis CADDO ARCHEOLOGY JOURNAL ◆ iii The Caddo and the Caddo Conference* Pete Gregory There was one lone Caddo at the early Caddo Conference held at the University of Oklahoma campus—Mrs. Vynola Beaver Newkumet—then there was a long gap. In 1973, the Chairman of the Caddo Nation, Melford Wil- liams, was the banquet speaker for the Conference, which was held in Natchitoches, Louisiana. A panel, consisting of Thompson Williams, Vynola Newkumet, Phil Newkumet, and Pete Gregory, was also part of that conference. Subsequent to 1973, Caddo representatives have not only been invited, but have attended the majority of the conferences. Caddo Nation chairpeople who have attended include Melford Williams, Mary Pat Francis, Hank Shemayme, Hubert Halfmoon, Elmo Clark, Vernon Hunter, and La Rue Martin Parker. -
National Register of Historic Places Continuation Sheet
NFS Form 10-900 REC! )24-0018 United States Department of the Interior \ \' National Park Service OCT222008 National Register of Historic Places Registration Form NAT. REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES NATIONAL PARK SERVICE This form is for use in nominating or requesting determination for individual properties and districts. See instructioniri How to Complete the A ational Register of Historic Places Registration Form (National Register Bulletin 16A). Complete each item by marking "x" in the appropriate box or by entering the information requested. If an item does not apply to the property being documented, enter "N/A" for "not applicable." For functions, architectural classification, materials and areas of significance, enter only categories and subcategories from the instructions. Place additional entries and narrative items on continuation sheets (NPS Form 10-900a). Use a typewriter, word processor, or computer, to complete all items. 1. Name of Property__________________________________________ historic name Silver City Cemetery________________________________ other names/site number Old Pioneer Cemetery__________________________ 2. Location_______________________________________________ street & number 6/1 Oth of a mile from Section Line on South side of Section 22. T10N. R6W I.M. [N/A] not for publication city or town Tuttle__________________________________ [X] vicinity state Oklahoma code OK county Gradv code 051 zip code 73089 3. State/Federal Agency Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended, I hereby certify that this ^ nomination n request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property El meets CD does not meet the National Register criteria. -
Western-Experience-Brochure2017
1 2 1. A to Z Guest Ranch 64599 Ashby Rd. Located approx. 1 mi. W. off Hwy. 259 between Big Cedar Smithville, OK 74957 THE SPUR OF & Octavia. Watch for signs. 580-244-3729 Creeks, lush pine forests & abundance of wildlife with more than 150 mi. of trails for hikers, ATVs & horseback riders. Rental horses avail., or bring your own. 27 RV sites with hookups, 2 dump stations. Chef-prepared meals avail. for THE MOMENT cabin/camping guests. Cabins avail. w/fireplace & satellite TV. www.atozguestranch.com With more than 80 attractions spread across the state, you have the freedom to act on your impulse to unplug and relax on any given weekend. 2. Arbuckle Trail Rides LLC Sulphur, OK 73086 Call for directions. Reservations required. 580-622-6326 Arbuckle Trail Rides offers guided trail rides year-round for 580-993-0097 riders age 6 and up. Ride 1-2 hours up to full-day excursions on well-trained horses with experienced guides. Riding FARM & RANCH ATTRACTIONS instruction is available, teaching safe, effective confidence- The rich stories, culture and history of Oklahoma’s agricultural roots building horsemanship skills. No riding experience FARM & RANCH are on display at our museums and ranches for adventurers of all ages. necessary! Call or email for reservations. ATTRACTIONS www.arbuckletrailrides.com GUEST RANCHES 3. Arrowhead Stables Canadian, OK 74425 Guest ranches are a Western experience getaway – stay all night, Stables located in Arrowhead State Park, 6 mi. S. of Eufaula at the 918-465-1500 Canadian exit off Hwy. 69. Follow signs to Arrowhead State Park, GUEST RANCHES hit a hiking trail at dawn and be fishing by noon. -
The Caddo After Europeans
Volume 2016 Article 91 2016 Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Timothy K. Perttula Heritage Research Center, Stephen F. Austin State University, [email protected] Robert Cast Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita Part of the American Material Culture Commons, Archaeological Anthropology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, Other American Studies Commons, Other Arts and Humanities Commons, Other History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Tell us how this article helped you. Cite this Record Perttula, Timothy K. and Cast, Robert (2016) "Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans," Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: Vol. 2016, Article 91. https://doi.org/10.21112/.ita.2016.1.91 ISSN: 2475-9333 Available at: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Regional Heritage Research at SFA ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State by an authorized editor of SFA ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Reaping the Whirlwind: The Caddo after Europeans Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. This article is available in Index of Texas Archaeology: Open Access Gray Literature from the Lone Star State: https://scholarworks.sfasu.edu/ita/vol2016/iss1/91 -
Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma Ca
Tickanwa•tic Informational Guide to the History and Culture of the Tonkawa Tribe. Tonkawas photographed by Rhinehart in 1898. Standing L-R: Winnie Richards, John Rush Buffalo, William Stevens, John Allen, and Mary Richards. Seated L-R: John Williams, Grant Richards, and Sherman Miles. Ft. Oakland - Oklahoma Tonkawa Tribe of Oklahoma ca. 1980 ca. 1999 ca. 1885 - 1901 ca. 2003 On the cover: Tickanwa•tic Tribal name in Tonkawa Language means:“Real People” Pronounced: “Titch-kun-wha-titch” 1 Tonkawa Tribal History The Tonkawa belong to the Tonkawan linguistic family, that was once composed of a number of small sub tribes that lived in a region that extended west from south central Texas and western Oklahoma to eastern New Mexico. The Tonkawa had a distinct language, and their name, as that of the leading tribe, was applied to their linguistic family. They were one of the most warlike tribes during nearly two centu- ries of conflict with their enemy tribes on the Western plains and with the Spanish and, later, American settlers in the Southwest. Their men were famous warriors, and their chiefs bore many scars of battle. The Tonkawa women were also strong physically and vindictive in disposition. The people of this tribe were no- madic in their habits in the early his- toric period, moving their tipi villages according to the wishes of the chiefs Winnie and Chief Grant Richards ca. 1898 of the different bands. They planted a few crops, but were well known as great hunters of buffalo and deer, using bows and arrows and spears for weapons, as well as some firearms secured from early Spanish traders. -
Ally, the Okla- Homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: a History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989)
Oklahoma History 750 The following information was excerpted from the work of Arrell Morgan Gibson, specifically, The Okla- homa Story, (University of Oklahoma Press 1978), and Oklahoma: A History of Five Centuries (University of Oklahoma Press 1989). Oklahoma: A History of the Sooner State (University of Oklahoma Press 1964) by Edwin C. McReynolds was also used, along with Muriel Wright’s A Guide to the Indian Tribes of Oklahoma (University of Oklahoma Press 1951), and Don G. Wyckoff’s Oklahoma Archeology: A 1981 Perspective (Uni- versity of Oklahoma, Archeological Survey 1981). • Additional information was provided by Jenk Jones Jr., Tulsa • David Hampton, Tulsa • Office of Archives and Records, Oklahoma Department of Librar- ies • Oklahoma Historical Society. Guide to Oklahoma Museums by David C. Hunt (University of Oklahoma Press, 1981) was used as a reference. 751 A Brief History of Oklahoma The Prehistoric Age Substantial evidence exists to demonstrate the first people were in Oklahoma approximately 11,000 years ago and more than 550 generations of Native Americans have lived here. More than 10,000 prehistoric sites are recorded for the state, and they are estimated to represent about 10 percent of the actual number, according to archaeologist Don G. Wyckoff. Some of these sites pertain to the lives of Oklahoma’s original settlers—the Wichita and Caddo, and perhaps such relative latecomers as the Kiowa Apache, Osage, Kiowa, and Comanche. All of these sites comprise an invaluable resource for learning about Oklahoma’s remarkable and diverse The Clovis people lived Native American heritage. in Oklahoma at the Given the distribution and ages of studies sites, Okla- homa was widely inhabited during prehistory. -
The Chisholm Trail
From the poem “Cattle” by Berta Hart Nance In the decades following the Civil War, more than 6 million cattle—up to 10 million by some accounts—were herded out of Texas in one of the greatest migrations of animals ever known. These 19th-century cattle drives laid the foundation for Texas’ wildly successful cattle industry and helped elevate the state out of post-Civil War despair and poverty. Today, our search for an American identity often leads us back to the vision of the rugged and independent men and women of the cattle drive era. Although a number of cattle drive routes existed during this period, none captured the popular imagination like the one we know today as the Chisholm Trail. Through songs, stories, and mythical tales, the Chisholm Trail has become a vital feature of American identity. Historians have long debated aspects of the Chisholm Trail’s history, including the exact route and even its name. Although they may argue over specifics, most would agree that the decades of the cattle drives were among the most colorful periods of Texas history. The purpose of this guide is not to resolve debates, but rather to help heritage tourists explore the history and lore associated with the legendary cattle-driving route. We hope you find the historical disputes part of the intrigue, and are inspired to investigate the historic sites, museums, and attractions highlighted here to reach your own conclusions. 1835-36 The Texas Revolution 1845 The United States annexes Texas as the 28th state 1861-65 The American Civil War 1867 Joseph G. -
2018 Visitor Guide
YOUR GUIDE OFFICIAL TO ENJOYING VISITOR GUIDE NORTHWEST AND 2018 NORTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA Red Carpet Country Photo by Lyndon Johnson Northwest and North Central Oklahoma’s RED CARPET COUNTRY YOUR OFFICIAL GUIDE TO ENJOYING 2018 Edition NORTHWEST AND Red Carpet Country Association NORTH CENTRAL OKLAHOMA 222 East Maple, Suite 400 Enid, OK 73701 Phone: 580-327-4918 Internet Information Website: RedCarpetCountry.com Email: [email protected] Red Carpet Country Executive Committee President Kenton Baird VP-Marketing: Marcy Jarrett Secretary: Linda Barrett CONTENTS Treasurer: David Trimble Past President: Jeanne Cole Red Carpet Country Staff Executive Director: Carla Burdick Board of Directors Schaun Aker, Kenton Baird, JaNae Barnard, Linda Barrett, Noel Black, Jeanne Cole, Robbin Davis, Miranda Gilbert, Mary Haney, Buddy Holbert, Marcy Jarrett, Lynda Latta, Dea Mandevill, Kelsey Martin, Johnny Owens, Jody CITY DIRECTORY RED CARPET COUNTRY Risley, Jennifer Straffon and David Trimble. Aline..................................... 17 Kenton................................ 4 BUSINESS MEMBER DIRECTORY Alva...................................... 14 Kingfisher.......................... 22 pg 31 Red Carpet Country Beaver................................. 6 2018 Edition Laverne............................... 8 CALENDAR OF EVENTS Blackwell............................ 36 Medford............................. 30 pg 32-33 This publication is produced in Boise City.......................... 4 Okarche.............................. 22 For additional information, -
Comanche Daily Life Comanche Bands Stayed in Camps Near Streams
Comanche Daily Life Comanche bands stayed in camps near streams. The women did most of the work in camp. They took care of young children. They Comanche arrowhead made from stone and attached Waste Nothing built cone-shaped houses called tepees (TEE-peez). They sewed to the end of a spear The Comanche used every clothes, cooked, and gathered firewood and wild plants. part of a bison. They ate its meat and organs. Comanche men were good hunters. They tracked bison, elk, and The band chief and his council decided bears. Comanche warriors fought to protect their hunting grounds. Women used the skin when a band should move. Comanche for tepees and clothing. They raided their enemies for horses and food. They killed the men women would make a travois (truh-VOI), They carried water in and captured women and children. The women became slaves, and or sled, out of tepee poles and bison skin. bison stomachs. Bones some of the children were adopted into the band. They would pack the travois and unload it and horns made tools. Sinew, or tendons, became Children were very important to the Comanche. New members at the next campsite. made bands stronger, especially boys. They learned how to hunt and thread and bowstrings. Tough rawhide made make bows and arrows. Women taught girls how to sew and cook. saddles, moccasin soles, Both boys and girls learned how to ride horses. and drums. Comanche saddle Comanche tepee Vision Quest and travois The Comanche believed each person had “medicine,” or spiritual power. Every young man had a vision quest, or spiritual journey. -
Experiences Experiences
OKLAHOMAOKLAHOMA WESTERNWESTERN EXPERIENCESEXPERIENCES THE NEW WEST IS JUST A SHORT DRIVE AWAY RANCHES / HIKING HORSEBACK RIDING PLUS OTHER ATTRACTIONS AGRITOURISM ICONS The icons below were created to help you identify your destination’s primary service offering and other secondary activities that are available at agritourism locations across Oklahoma. CATEGORIES COUNTRY STAYS GUEST RANCHES EXOTIC BREEDS FARM & RANCH FARMERS MARKETS ATTRACTIONS TRAIL RIDING HUNTING MAZES PUMPKIN PICKING SPECIALTY CROPS & PRODUCTS U-PICK VINEYARDS & WINERIES TEACHABLE MOMENTS WEDDINGS ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES CAMPFIRES & PICNICS FAMILY REUNIONS BIRDING TOURS DAIRIES PARTICIPATING IN FARM ACTIVITIES GROUP TOURS MEETING FACILITIES CAMPING TRIPS WAGON RIDES WILDLIFE WATCHING/ PHOTOGRAPHY FISHING SKEET SHOOTING HAYRIDES AGRICULTURE IS OKLAHOMA’S LEGACY. OKLAHOMA AGRITOURISM IS YOUR GUIDE. Farms, ranches and vineyards across Oklahoma are opening their gates, barn doors and fences, issuing a heartfelt invitation to sample the abundant bounty and natural beauty found in the state’s growing adventure – Agritourism. Use this guide to find ranches, museums, trails and more. Did you know there are more than 60,000 farms and ranches in Oklahoma? EXPERIENCE THE NEW WEST When Oklahoma achieved statehood in 1907, the area already was home to more than 60,000 farms and ranches. Today, the legacy continues. Get a glimpse into what life was like in the early days, or enjoy the present-day Western experience at more than 100 locations across our state. 1 OklahomaAgritourism.com -
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Indians
University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Indians for Indians Collection Indians for Indians was a radio program that aired on WNAD, the University of Oklahoma’s radio station. The program began in April 1941, and aired from 1:00pm to 1:30pm on Tuesdays. It was a 30-minute broadcast until 1951, when it expanded to a full hour. The program presented Oklahoma Indian music, the latest Indian news, and announcements about local events including powwows. Indians for Indians was created by Sac and Fox chief, Don Whistler, who served as emcee from 1941 to 1951. The Indians for Indians Collection contains 125 reel-to-reel tapes, all recorded from the 1940s through the 1970s. The collection records over 100 hours of original Indian music by individuals and groups from many different tribes. Whistler invited selected tribal members to Norman and recorded their live performances. These broadcasts contain ceremonial, social, and religious songs and music of Apache, Comanche, Cheyenne, Arapaho, Kiowa, Creek, Seminole, Sac and Fox, Shawnee, Caddo, Pawnee, Osage, Ponca, Otoe, Iowa, Wichita, Sioux, Hopi, Cherokee Indians and other tribes. The programs were originally recorded on discs with some later re- recorded on reel-to-reel tapes. Each tape contains recordings of several broadcasts and some may contain only the performance portions of a program. ****************************************************************************** The earliest Indians for Indians original discs (1943-1950) were given to the Library of Congress for permanent preservation in 1987. They are located at the American Folklife Center of the Library of Congress. This is the citation for their IFI Collection: Title: Indians for Indians Hour Collection Description: One hundred twenty-one discs of the radio program, "Indians for Indians Hour," hosted by Don Whistler.