PAKISTAN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT FORUM JANUARY 24-26, 2002 ISLAMABAD VOLUME I PROCEEDINGS OF THE FORUM (KEY ISSUES, DISCUSSIONS AND STATEMENTS) GOVERNMENT OF PAKISTAN LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank AKDN Aga Khan Development Network AKHS Aga Khan Health Services AKUH Aga Khan University Hospital BHU Basic Health Unit CBOs Community Based Organizations CCB Citizen Community Boards CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women CPR Contraceptive Prevalence Rate CYP Couple Year Protection DFID Department for International Development DTCE Devolution Trust for Community Empowerment EMIS Education Management Information System ESR Education Sector Strategy EU European Union FATA Federally Administered Tribal Areas FBS federal Bureau of Statistics FPAP Family Planning Association of Pakistan GDP Gross Domestic Product GOP Government of Pakistan HFA Health for All HMIS Health Management Information System ICT Islamabad Capital Territory IDB Islamic Development Bank ILO International Labour Organisation IMF International Monetary Fund IMR Infant Mortality Rate IPRSP Interim Poverty Reduction Strategy IT Information Technology LHW Lady Health Worker MMR Maternal Morta lity Rate MOE Ministry of Education MOH Ministry of Health MSU Multi-Donor Support Unit NFBE Non-Formal Basic Education NGOs Non-Governmental Organisations NIPA National Institute of Public Administration NRMIS National Reconstruction Management Info rmation System NRB National Reconstruction Bureau NWFP North West Frontier Province PHDF Pakistan Human Development Forum PIHS Pakistan Integrated Household Survey PRSP Pakistan Poverty Reduction Strategy PTA Parent Teacher Association RHC Rural Health Centre SAP Social Action Programme SMCs School Management Committees TFHD Task Force on Human Development UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNFPA United Nations Family Planning Agency UPE Universal Primary Education USAID United States Agency for International Development WHO World Health Organization TABLE OF CONTENTS I. FOREWORD i II. ADDRESS BY THE PRESIDENT OF PAKISTAN ii III. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY xiii IV. PROCEEDINGS OF THE SESSIONS 1. INAUGURAL SESSION 1 2. PAKISTAN POVERTY REDUCTION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 9 3. EDUCATION 20 4. HEALTH AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 36 5. MAINSTREAMING GENDER 47 6. FINANCING SOCIAL SECTORS 56 7. CONCLUDING SESSION 67 IV. ANNEXURES 79 ANNEX I: AGENDA AND PROGRAMME 80 ANNEX II: STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER FOR FINANCE 86 ANNEX III: STATEMENT BY THE MINISTER FOR EDUCATION 92 ANNEX IV: STATEMENT BY MS. CLARE SHORT, SECRETARY 98 OF STATE FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, UK ANNEX V: STATEMENT BY DR. AHMAD MOHAMED ALI, 103 PRESIDENT, ISLAMIC DEVELOPMENT BANK ANNEX VI: LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 106 FOREWORD It is a matter of great pleasure for us to present a complete transcript of the proceedings of the first-ever Pakistan Human Development forum organized at the Islamabad Convention Center on January 24-26, 2002. The Forum provided an occasion for the Government of Pakistan to present its policies and strategies in the social sectors, such as Education, Health, Population Planning and Human Development, with a special focus on the current thrust towards devolution of government authority to the elected local representatives. The Forum was attended by as many as twenty-two developed countries and thirty-eight multilateral agencies, including the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the Islamic Development Bank, the International Monetary Fund and the International Finance Corporation. Presentations were made at the Forum by Minister-level speakers and high ranking civil servants to explain Pakistan’s policies in the social sectors against the perspective of past experience and future aspirations, the strategies to be adopted to achieve the desired targets and goals and the availability of financial resources to launch and implement the programmes. The importance of the Forum was particularly underscored by the active participation of the non government sector. The civil society speakers had enlightened presentations on the role of the private and informal sectors, particularly the NGOs in the social sector. We must take this opportunity to express our personal gratitude to Pakistan’s bilateral and multilateral development partners for participating in the forum and ensuring its resounding success. While we appreciate the hard work put in by the Economic Affairs Division and the assistance provided by the World Bank’s resident mission in Pakistan in arranging the Forum, we are also grateful to the Multi-donor Support Unit (MSU) for preparing a record of the proceedings so that these can be shared with Pakistan’s development partners. Needless to add the transcription can also be used as a ready reference for the Government’s social sector policies. Zobaida Jalal Shaukat Aziz Minister for Education Minister for Finance Government of Pakistan and Economic Affairs Government of Pakistan i Address by President of Pakistan General Pervez Musharraf at the Pakistan Human Development Forum Islamabad January 24, 2002 ii BISSMILLA HIR REHMAN -IR-RAHEEM The Secretary General, United Nations, Mr. Kofi Annan: President of Islamic Development Bank, Mr. Ahmed Mohammad Ali Secretary of State for International Development, Ms. Clare Short It is indeed my honour to welcome you in our midst. Secretary of State for International Development, Ms. Clare Short, we are extremely grateful that you joined us today. We are specially grateful for your concerns and for your understanding of Pakistani environment and for the support that you have always been giving to Pakistan and to my government, especially. We are extremely grateful to you. I also would like to welcome Mr. Ahmed Mohammad Ali, the President of Islamic Development Bank, we remain extremely grateful to you, Sir, for financing specially our science and technology projects and also your funding by the COMSTECH, Science and Technology Project and all the miscellaneous projects that you yourself have mentioned. Thank you very much, Sir. It is our honour to have you in our midst. Besides that all other distinguished professionals who have worked extensively in the area of human development, human resource and development. It is my pleasure to have all of you here in Pakistan, trying to contribute, trying to understand our environment. This forum is taking place in a very turbulent time specially in the aftermath of 11th September, after the terrorist attacK on the US. This act has cast dark shadows over the global economic environment. The world economy is suffering through recession. The developing world, may I say, has suffered more on account of this terrorist act and Pakistan, being a frontline state, has also been doubly affected, through disruption of its trading activity through loss in revenue generation, through reduction in foreign investment and through a setback to its privatization programme. As it is with this setback we were in an environment where the government was deeply involved addressing the after-effects of the “Decade of Disaster”, as I call it, the decade of the nineties where loot and plunder was the order of the day, where governance was at its worst, where probably hardly there was any strategic direction evolved and given to the nation, and, worse than that, there was no will to implement any direction that was, if at all, perceived, and may I also say there was quite an absence of focus on human development. So while we were grappling with all this environment, this catastrophic event of 11th September took place. So we have to address this reality and we are doing it. We are not daunted we will face the challenge. We are facing the challenge. We will face it boldly and with ingenuity. Our concern remains how to keep course on the overall development strategy that we have formulated and, also, certainly, how to protect the allocation that we have made to all the development projects that we have planned. Today now, I am going to take some time to give you an overview of the strategy that we evolved for our national development. Doing this at the fag end of the day, after so many speakers iii and at a time which is past lunch time, my main concern is certainly going to be to keep your attention focused towards me. May I also say that I haven’t timed myself but having this captive audience sitting in front of me I am motivated to speak my heart and mind out on the overall strategy as its over action level because that is where everything sources from. So I would like to explain to you the over action strategy that we are following because then only, with all that is being done in various sectors, will fall in place. First of all, let me tell you that it is my belief that in bringing about change there are three gradations. One is improving. The other is reforming and the third is restructuring. I personally feel improving means that everything is going all right and you need to do a little bit of tinkering in improving an organization. By reforming, I mean when things are bad but you could do a denting and painting job and improve. But, restructuring is when the structure is decayed and collapsing. You need to create a new structure. Pakistan needs restructuring. That is my belief and we are involved in restructuring. Now, within this restructuring I lay a lot of emphasis on human development. I would like to start with a quote: “Human development is the anchor of my economic revival policy which will focus on health, education and poverty alleviation”. This was given some time back and Zobaida Jalal has put my name under it. Yes, I did say this some time back and I mean every word of it and I am here to implement exactly this focus. In human development we have to alleviate poverty, we have to improve quality and develop capacity. So I would like to start by giving you an overall strategic focus. Soon after taking over we focused on what is required for restructuring Pakistan and we identified four areas.