1733 Designed James Savannah Oglethorpe Georgia

1st American . Designed by Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr. and Riverside, Calvert Vaux. Key elements are curvilinear Illinois streets and connected by rail to Chicago.

Attractive Civic structures and Beautiful landscapes. Daniel Movement Burnham (White City) Chicago 1893.

Planned, self-contained communities surrounded Garden City by greenbelts. Public ownership of all land. (See Movement also Ebenezer Howard) 1898 - wrote "Tomorrow, a Peaceful Path to Real Reform" and started the Ebenezer . Book was reissued as Howard "Garden of To-morrow"

After Garden City Movement, during the Greenbelt Depression. Located Towns just outside cities. Example is Radburn NJ.

Post WWII (1960's). Examples are Reston, Virginia (mixed use) and New Towns Columbia, Maryland (designed to be racially and religiously diverse).

1980's walkable, diverse, mixed use, , transportation. Names New associated (Colthorpe, Plater-Zyberg, Duany). Examples are Seaside Florida; Celebration Florida. Cities grow out Concentric in rings. Circle Theory Burgess (1923)

Cities will grow along major Sector transportation Theory sectors. Hoyt. (1939)

Book - (Regional 1929 Clarence Perry. Discusses the Neighborhood Plan for New Unit Concept, that neighborhoods should be York City and it's based on a distance that Environs) people can comfortably walk.

Saul Alinsky, Paul Davidoff and Norm Advocacy Krumholz. Planners should advocate for underrepresented groups. Advocacy Planning. Brought backroom negotiations out in the open. Fought Chicago Saul Alinsky slums. Back of Yards Advocacy Organization. Re-defined "public interest"

(1849-1914) - Photojournalist who provided a stimulus to housing reform with the Jacob Riis publication of two books - "How the Other Half Lives" and "Children of the Poor"

Supreme court struck down an ordinance that made shared Moore vs. occupancy of closely related individuals illegal. In addition, court ruled that cities COULD NOT DEFINE City of East FAMILY TO EXCLUDE CLOSELY RELATED INDIVIDUALS from living Cleveland together.

1985- Supreme Court ruled that City of Cleburne Texas did not have the right to deny the living center a Cleburne vs. permit for a group home for mentally retarded because there Cleburne Living was no rational basis for the Center, Inc prohibition Strong Proponent of Equity Planning, defined as working to serve those with few, if any, Norman choices, including the city's poor and minority residents. Krumholz Cleveland's planning director from 1969-1979

Wrote "Design with Nature" in 1969. Encouraged environmentally conscious approach to and used Ian McHarg transparent map overlays to show environmental conditions (pre-cursor to GIS).