DOCSLIB.ORG

Oct Viewing for Sacramento.Xlsx

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Oct Viewing for Sacramento.Xlsx Wildlife Sightings at the Sacramento NWR ‐ 2010 Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Prairie Falcon and 2 Bald Eagles at Blond colored raccoon on 1/8/2010 2 Raccoons on Auto Tour 1/31/2010 2/21/2010 the platform Auto Tour 1/17/2010 Bald Eagle T:5:2 1/31/2010 Common Merganser P1 2/21/2010 Bushtits Loggerhead Shrike, River 1/17/2010 1/31/2010 Merlin T11:5 2/21/2010 Muskrat Otter Pond 1 Immature Bald Eagle, River 3 Wood Ducks at platform 1/22/2010 1/31/2010 American Avocets at platform 2/21/2010 Otters, Coyote P1B Prairie Falcon, American Bittern, Horned Lark, Bald 1/22/2010 2/4/2010 Peregrine Falcon, Northern Shrike 2/22/2010 Bald Eagles, Golden Eagle Eagle, Peregrine Falcon, 2 otters Clark's Grebe pond before Eurasian and Green-Winged 1/23/2010 viewing platform, 2/4/2010 4 Canada Geese P1B 2/25/2010 Teals at Colusa viewing Loggerhead Shrike T16:1 platform Pair of Wood Ducks at 1/23/2010 7 Bald Eagles 2/7/2010 1 Ferruginous Hawk P1A3 2/25/2010 viewing platform P1:B White Pelicans, Peregrine Falcons, Great Horned Owl on 1/23/2010 2/11/2010 Shrikes, Great Horned Owl, Bald 2/28/2010 American Avocet T11:5 wetlands walk Eagle, Golden Eagle, Prairie Falcon 3 Great Horned Owls, Black-Necked Stilts, White- 1/24/2010 2/12/2010 White-Faced Ibis T10:1, T9:1/2 3/8/2010 Peregrine Falcon, Bald Eagle Faced Ibis and mixed peeps Loggerhead Shrike, Horned Bald Eagle, Golden Eagle, 2 River Otters, 5 Turtles, Golden 1/28/2010 Lark, and Leucistic Northern 2/13/2010 3/17/2010 Great Horned Owl at Delevan Eagle Shoveler near platform along road 3 drake Eurasian Wigeons and Muskrat and American Bittern 1/29/2010 Garganey Pond 1A:1 2/16/2010 Cackling x White-Fronted Goose 3/22/2010 on wetland walk Hybrid at Colusa 2 Wood Ducks, immature 8 Blue Morph Snow Geese 2 pairs of Wood Ducks at Colusa on 1/29/2010 2/19/2010 3/26/2010 Golden Eagle stooping on P6:1, 1 River Otter in creek Auto Tour snow geese Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen American Bittern, Least 2 male Yellow-Headed Blackbirds at 4/5/2010 6/25/2010 10/7/2010 500+ white geese in flight Sandpiper, Peregrine Falcon fee machine Juvenile Racoon near Auto 4/6/2010 Eurasian Wigeon 7/14/2010 1 Great White-Fronted Goose T14:3 10/8/2010 Tour 6 Snow Geese auto tour near Several Rufous Hummingbirds at 4/21/2010 8/12/2010 10/18/2010 American Bittern platform visitor center Two Peregrine Falcons P1A- 4/23/2010 Acorn Woodpecker 8/16/2010 Osprey and green heron 10/18/2010 1, T3 Adult Peregrine Falcon plucking a Pelicans and White-tailed Kite 4/26/2010 Garter Snake 9/3/2010 10/18/2010 coot in middle of auto tour T14.3 on Auto Tour Female Black-Chinned Hummingbird at White-Faced Ibis, Black- 4/29/2010 headquarters, male Yellow- 9/3/2010 Osprey P1A.1 10/20/2010 crowned Night-herron Headed Blackbird on 99W north of gas station King Snake T13:3, Giant Eurasian Collared dove near 5/2/2010 9/10/2010 Golden Eagle T5.3 10/26/2010 Garter Snake T8:3 enterance on powerline Townsend's Warbler and Wilson's Warbler, and Yellow Snow Geese coming in to land 5/9/2010 Wilson's Warbler on wetland 9/20/2010 Warbler flocks in trees around 10/27/2010 at viewing platform on Auto walk Visitor's Center Tour Great Horned Owl at Great Horned Owls SNWR American Pipit, and Juvenile 5/21/2010 9/22/2010 11/2/2010 platform headquarters Golden Eagle T13-3 Bald Eagle, and Peregrine 5/23/2010 Red-necked Phalarope 9/23/2010 Bewick's Wren SNWR headquarters 11/4/2010 Falcon P1A-1 Bald Eagle, Red-tailed Hawk, Great Horned Owl and Olive- American Bittern, Peregrine Falcon, Northern Pintail, Mallard, and 5/27/2010 sided Flycatcher on wetland 9/30/2010 11/6/2010 and Whimbrel P1 Northern Shoveler on Auto walk near riparian area Tour 12 Snow Geese, and 1 Cackling Western Greebe in canal near 5/30/2010 Ruddy Ducks P2 10/1/2010 11/8/2010 Goose P1A:3 P2 Peregrine Falcon after Geat Horned Owl, and Barn Owl Geat Blue Herron and Pelican 6/1/2010 10/6/2010 11/12/2010 platform Wetlands Walk Flock P2 Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Peregrine Falcon, 2 Ring-necked Great Horned Owl along Pheasants, Logger-headed Shrike, 11/13/2010 11/29/2010 12/11/2010 Bald Eagle T11:5 Logan Creek Red-shouldered Hawk, Bald Eagle, Black-necked Stilts, Meadowlarks Great Horned Owl and Peregrine Falcon just past P1, 2 Ring- immature blue morph Snow 11/13/2010 Peregrine Falcon P1A:1 11/29/2010 necked Pheasants and 1 Great 12/12/2010 Goose North of viewing Horned Owl P1 platform American White Pelicans 3 Peregrine Falcons perched 2 Peregrine Falcons, adult Bald 11/19/2010 12/4/2010 12/13/2010 T10:1, Snow Geese Rd 60 along Auto Tour Eagle, immature Bald Eagle North of Refuge Golden Eagle in Parking Lot, Blonde Adult Bald Eagle feeding on 11/19/2010 Great Horned Owl P1A:1 12/4/2010 12/13/2010 Raccoon duck P1A:1 Blue morph Ross's Goose P1A:1, 2 Bald Eagle T52, immature blue morph Snow Geese and 3 adult 2nd year female Peregrine 11/26/2010 12/5/2010 12/13/2010 Peregrine Falcon T14 Peregrine Falcons P1, adult Bald Falcon T8:3 Eagle T17 4 Bald Eagles, 1 Peregrine White-faced Ibis T14, 2 Great 11/26/2010 Falcon P1A:1. 1 Prarie 12/5/2010 Peregrine Falcon P1 12/13/2010 Horned Owls and 2 Bald Falcon T14 Eagles P1 1 adult Bald Eagle, 1 immature Bald Eagle, Blue Peregrine Falcon P1, Ring-necked White-faced Ibis I14:3. 11/26/2010 12/6/2010 12/13/2010 Morph Snow Goose, and a Duck P1A:3, White-faced Ibis T52 THOUSANDS! Peregrine Falcon 1st year Bald Eagle and adult Golden Eagle T9:1, White- 11/26/2010 2 banded Ross's Geese T11 12/7/2010 Peregrine Falcon in the same 12/14/2010 faced Ibis T14:1 Cottonwood tree P1A:3 2 Bald Eagles, 1 Peregrine 5 Bald Eagles P1 along the 11/26/2010 12/7/2010 1st year Glaucous-winged Gull P1A:4 12/17/2010 Falcons Auto Tour on right Peregrine Falcon, and Ring-necked Eurasion Wigeon near Photo 11/28/2010 Great Horned Owl P1A:1 12/9/2010 12/22/2010 Pheasant near viewing platform Blind #1 Great Horned Owl along Auto 12/11/2010 Red-tailed Hawk. WONDERFUL! 12/23/2010 Tour Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Red-tailed Hawk and Great Hybrid American x Eurasion Wigeon 12/23/2010 Blue Heron along the 1/9/2011 1/16/2011 4 Bald Eagles Colusa NWR near Viewing Platform Wetlands Walk 2 Bald Eagles T5:1, 2 Nuttal's Woodpecker near American Wigeon and 10 12/23/2010 1/9/2011 Merlin T18:1, 2 Bald Eagles P1A:1 1/16/2011 Viewing Platform restroom Cinnamon Teal near Viewing Platform Snow Geese, Greater White- 2 Bald Eagles, Red-tailed Hawk, Red- fronted Geese P2. Black- Prairie Falcon, 2 adult shouldered Hawk, Cinnamon Teal, necked StiltsP6:1. Adult Bald Peregrine Falcons, 2 adult Northern Shoveler, Bufflehead, Eagle, immature Bald Eagle, 12/26/2010 1/9/2011 1/19/2011 Bald Eagles, 2 2nd year Bald Meadowlark, Ring-necked Pheasant, Great Horned Owl, 2 eagles along the Auto Tour Ross's Goose, Snow Goose, Greater Raccoons, Ruddy Ducks, White-fronted Goose on Bird Tour! Buffleheads, American White Pelicans P1A:1 Loggerhead Shrike, 2 Blad Eagles, Merlin, Peregrine Falcon, Black- 12/29/2010 Bald Eagle along Auto Tour 1/9/2011 crowned Night-heron, Tundra Swan, 1/19/2011 Eurasion Wigeon T5:1 2 Great Horned Owls, Lots of Ducks and Geese on Bird Tour! Bald Eagle, Red-tailed Hawk, 12/30/2010 Wood Duck T11 1/10/2011 Male Wood Duck T13:1 1/19/2011 and many Ducks Bald Eagle, Belted Kingfisher 1/3/2011 1/13/2011 4 Female Black-tailed Deer T14:3 1/20/2011 Bald Eagle P1A near Refuge entrance Pair of Bald Eagles P1A:1 in 5 Bald Eagles past the Viewing 9 Bald Eagles, 12 blue morph 1/6/2011 1/13/2011 1/21/2011 tree on right Platform on the Auto Tour Snow Geese, Prairie Falcon American Bittern T5:1 in ditch 1/6/2011 Tundra Swan P1A:1 1/15/2011 Male Wood Duck T13:1 1/21/2011 along the Auto Tour 4 Raccoons (2 blonde) eating American Bittern T5:2, Great Horned Yellow-billed Magpie on 1/7/2011 1/15/2011 1/22/2011 a salmon P1A:1 Owl P1, American Pipit T14:2 Wetlands Walk Great Horned Owl, 1/8/2011 1/16/2011 Bald Eagle, Green-winged Teal 1/22/2011 Praire Falcon P3 Bufflehead, Cinnamon Teal Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen Date Wildlife Seen 3 Bald Eagles near Viewing Canvasback male T14:3, 2 Bald Great Blue Heron and Black- 1/22/2011 Platform and flying over 1/27/2011 Eagles (immature feeding on 1/30/2011 tailed Jackrabbits along the Wetlands Walk American Coot) P1A:3 Wetlands Walk Blue morph Snow Goose, 10 Ferruginous Hawk, Peregrine Falcon, Long-billed Curlew, 2 Bald Bald Eagle killed and ate an 1/22/2011 1/28/2011 Fawn Black-tailed Deer, Pied-billed 2/2/2011 Eagles, and Ring-necked American Coot T5 Grebe Ducks 2 adlut Bald Eagles, 1 immature Bald Eagle, 1/23/2011 Peregrine Falcon, Turkey 1/29/2011 4 Bald Eagles (3 in one tree) 2/3/2011 3 Bald Eagles along Auto Tour Vultures near Viewing Platform.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Spatial Relationships of Nesting Golden Eagles in Central Utah
    White, C. M. 1974. The 1974 raptor surveyof the AlaskaPipeline between Franklin Bluffsand Big Delta. Unpubl.interim rep. to U.S.Fish and Wildl. Serv.,Anchorage, AK. 10 pp. White, C. M., T. D. Ray,and L. W. Sowl.1977. The 1970-1972-1974raptor surveys alongthe Trans-AlaskaOil Pipeline.pp. 199-221.In.' Chancellor,R.D. (ed.).World Conferenceon Birdsof Prey, Reportof the Proceedings.International Council for BirdPreservation. 440 pp. + appendices. SPATIAL RELATIONSHIPS OF NESTING GOLDEN EAGLES IN CENTRAL UTAH by DwightG. Smith• BiologyDepartment SouthernConnecticut State University New Haven, Connecticut 06515 and JosephR. Murphy Departmentof Zoology BrighamYoung University Provo, Utah 84602 Abstract We examinedthe distributionof GoldenEagle (Aquila chrysaetos)nest sites in the easternGreat Basinusing the Clark-Evansnearest-neighbor method of analysis.Distri- butionvalues indicated. uniform spacing of nestsites within the hills and ridges,which providedall of the potentialnesting sites in the studyarea. Analysis of GoldenEagle nestsite distributionwith three other large raptorssuggested a tendencytoward uni- form spacingbetween diurnal raptor speciesand aggregationwith the Great Horned Owl (Bubovirginianus). Introduction Odum(1971) suggested that populationsexhibit one of threedistribution patterns: (1) random,where habitat is homogenousand individualsdo not normallyinteract; (2) uni- form,where habitat is homogenousand individualscompete for one or moreresources; (3) aggregated,that mayresult from either heterogenous habitat or a tendencyto aggre- gatesocially. Newton (1979) noted that manyspecies exhibit uniform distribution of ter- ritoriesand nest sites except where available sites are limitedand concentrated,such as in the SnakeRiver Birds of PreyNatural Area. Our observationsof GoldenEagles in the easternGreat BasinDesert revealed a concentrationof nestsites in high, north-south orientedridges and hills but nonein interveningbroad, flat valleys.Herein we examine thisdistribution using the Clark-Evansnearest-neighbor model (1954).
    [Show full text]
  • Bald Eagle Haliaetus Leucocephalus
    Appendix A: Birds Bald Eagle Haliaetus leucocephalus Federal Listing N/A State Listing T Global Rank G4 State Rank S2 Regional Status Photo by Jason Lambert Justification (Reason for Concern in NH) Bald Eagle populations in the conterminous United States entered a severe population decline in the 1950s, largely a result of reproductive failure induced by biomagnification of the insecticide DDT (Buehler 2000). Some regional breeding populations, especially in eastern and southern states, became locally extirpated. This serious decline led to the designation of the bald eagle as Endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Following the banning of DDT and intensive reintroduction efforts, Bald Eagle populations gradually rebounded, and the species was removed from the federal endangered list in 2007. In the Northeast, recovery has been particularly strong since 2000. However, most states still consider Bald Eagle a SGCN due to historic extirpations and historic sensitivity to certain environmental stressors, particularly contaminants. Distribution Bald eagles currently occur and breed in all Lower 48 states and in Alaska. Based upon data provided by state agencies, from a population low of 417 breeding pairs in 1963 the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service estimated that there were an estimated 1,500 breeding pairs in the contiguous 48 states in 1982 and an estimated 5,300 pairs in the same area in 1997 (derived from data in Buehler 2000), and nearly 9800 breeding pairs in the Lower 48 states in 2006. The USFWS estimated that there were 463 breeding pairs in the six New England states in 2006. The nationwide population has probably increased substantially since 2006, but more recently compiled information is not available from USFWS.
    [Show full text]
  • Life History Account for Peregrine Falcon
    California Wildlife Habitat Relationships System California Department of Fish and Wildlife California Interagency Wildlife Task Group PEREGRINE FALCON Falco peregrinus Family: FALCONIDAE Order: FALCONIFORMES Class: AVES B129 Written by: C. Polite, J. Pratt Reviewed by: L. Kiff Edited by: L. Kiff DISTRIBUTION, ABUNDANCE, AND SEASONALITY Very uncommon breeding resident, and uncommon as a migrant. Active nesting sites are known along the coast north of Santa Barbara, in the Sierra Nevada, and in other mountains of northern California. In winter, found inland throughout the Central Valley, and occasionally on the Channel Islands. Migrants occur along the coast, and in the western Sierra Nevada in spring and fall. Breeds mostly in woodland, forest, and coastal habitats. Riparian areas and coastal and inland wetlands are important habitats yearlong, especially in nonbreeding seasons. Population has declined drastically in recent years (Thelander 1975,1976); 39 breeding pairs were known in California in 1981 (Monk 1981). Decline associated mostly with DDE contamination. Coastal population apparently reproducing poorly, perhaps because of heavier DDE load received from migrant prey. The State has established 2 ecological reserves to protect nesting sites. A captive rearing program has been established to augment the wild population, and numbers are increasing (Monk 1981). SPECIFIC HABITAT REQUIREMENTS Feeding: Swoops from flight onto flying prey, chases in flight, rarely hunts from a perch. Takes a variety of birds up to ducks in size; occasionally takes mammals, insects, and fish. In Utah, Porter and White (1973) reported that 19 nests averaged 5.3 km (3.3 mi) from the nearest foraging marsh, and 12.2 km (7.6 mi) from the nearest marsh over 130 ha (320 ac) in area.
    [Show full text]
  • Bald Eagle Haliaeetus Leucocephalus
    Wyoming Species Account Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus REGULATORY STATUS USFWS: Delisted; Migratory Bird USFS R2: Sensitive USFS R4: Sensitive Wyoming BLM: Sensitive State of Wyoming: Protected Bird CONSERVATION RANKS USFWS: Bird of Conservation Concern WGFD: NSS3 (Bb), Tier II WYNDD: G5, S4B/S5N Wyoming Contribution: LOW IUCN: Least Concern PIF Continental Concern Score: 9 STATUS AND RANK COMMENTS Bald Eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) is provided international protection under the Federal Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, as amended 1. In 1940, Bald Eagle was provided protection under the Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act 2. In 1966, the southern subspecies was listed as federally endangered under the Endangered Species Preservation Act; the entire population in the contiguous United States was listed as endangered in 1978 under the 1973 Endangered Species Act (ESA). A significant increase in numbers of nesting pairs, productivity, and distribution allowed Bald Eagle to be reclassified from Endangered to Threatened in 1995 under the ESA 3. Bald Eagle was delisted in 2007, and numbers are considered to be stable to increasing across its range 4. The species has been assigned different state conservation ranks by the Wyoming Natural Diversity Database for the breeding season and nonbreeding season because the abundance of the species is different between seasons. NATURAL HISTORY Taxonomy: Bald Eagle is a member of the family Accipitridae, which includes kites, eagles, harriers, and hawks 5. There are two subspecies of Bald Eagle; H. l. alascanus is found north of 40 degrees latitude across North America, including Wyoming, while H. l. leucocephalus is found south of 40 degrees latitude in the Gulf coast states 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Regional Specialties Western
    REGIONAL SPECIALTIES WESTERN OSPREY 21 - 26” length SOUTHERN . FERRUGINOUS . Eagle sized; clean, white body. HAWK Black wrist marks. 20 - 26” length . Glides with kink (M) in long, narrow wings. MISSISSIPPI . Largest buteo; eagle-like. KITE . Pale below with dark leggings. 13 - 15” length . Mostly white tail; 3 color morphs. Long, pointed wings; slim body. Light body; dark wings; narrow, black tail. Not to scale. Buoyant, acrobatic flight. NORTHERN HARRIER 16 - 20” length PRAIRIE FALCON 14 - 18” length . Long, narrow wings and tail; sharp dihedral. Size of Peregrine; much paler plumage. Brown above, streaked brown below – female. Narrow moustache; spotted breast; long tail. Gray above, pale below with black wing tips – male. Dark armpits and partial wing linings. WING PROFILE IMMATURE BALD EAGLE BALD EAGLE GOLDEN EAGLE . Immature birds vary GOLDEN EAGLE greatly in the amount 27 to 35” length of white spotting on body and wings. White showing on wing linings is surely a Bald Eagle. BALD EAGLE . Like large buteo, curvy wings. Head protrudes much less than tail. Slight dihedral to wing profile. NOTE: Some hawks soar and glide with their wings raised above the horizontal, called a dihedral. 27 to 35” length . Head and tail length similar. Long, flat wings. Straight leading edge to wings. 24 to 28” length This guide developed by Paul Carrier is the property of the Hawk Migration Association of North America (HMANA). HMANA is TURKey VUltUre a membership-based, non-profit organization committed to the . Dark wing linings with light flight feathers. conservation of raptors through the scientific study, enjoyment, and . Small head; long tail; sharp dihedral.
    [Show full text]
  • The Occurrence and Reestablishment of White-Tailed Eagle and Golden Eagle As Breeding Birds in Denmark
    The occurrence and reestablishment of White-tailed Eagle and Golden Eagle as breeding birds in Denmark Erik EhmsEn, LEnnart PEdErsEn, hans meltoftE, tschErning cLausEn & timmE nyEgaard (Med et dansk resumé: Forekomst og genetablering af Havørn og Kongeørn som danske ynglefugle) Abstract Except for a number of largely unsuccessful breeding attempts during the second half of the 20th century, the White-tailed Eagle Haliaeetus albicilla had been absent as a breeding bird in Denmark for more than 80 years, when a popu- lation established itself during the second half of the 1990s. Released from persecution and contaminants the population has grown to 37 pairs in just 16 years. Reproductive success has grown with age and experience of the birds, so that the average number of fledged young per breeding pair peaked with almost two per pair 8-10 years after the establishment of each breeding pair. Similarly, the Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos reestablished a small population in Denmark from 1999 onwards after probably having bred here until about 150 years ago. For both species, this success was facilitated by conservation efforts including protection zones around eagle nests, monitoring and public outreach mainly carried out by volunteers from the Danish Ornithological Society / BirdLife Denmark. Introduction in former times, while the White-tailed Eagle bred in The reestablishment of White-tailed Eagle Haliaee- Denmark until it was driven extinct by persecution tus albicilla and Golden Eagle Aquila chrysaetos as in 1912 (Løppenthin 1967). The latter species made breeding birds in Denmark in the 1990s is one of a number of – usually unsuccessful – breeding at- the greatest achievements in modern Danish bird tempts during the second half of the 20th century, and nature conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Possible DRAFT Rule Language to Cover Taking Young
    Attachment 3 DIVISION 55 FALCONRY LICENSES, PERMITS AND REQUIREMENTS 635-055-0000 Definition of Terms For the purpose of these rules, the following definitions apply: (1) "Captive bred" means any raptor, including eggs, hatched in captivity resulting from parents that mated in captivity, or are the progeny of artificial insemination. (2) "Falconry" is caring for and training raptors for pursuit of game, and the sport of hunting wild game with raptors. (3) “Indigenous raptor”, for purposes of falconry, means golden eagle (Aquila chrysaetos), sharp-shinned hawk (Accipter striatus), Cooper’s hawk (Accipter cooperii), northern goshawk (Accipter gentilis), red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis), American kestrel (Falco sparverius), merlin (Falco columbarius), prairie falcon (Falco mexicanus), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus), gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus, and great horned owl (Bubo virginianus), (4) “Management or operational activities” means activities on nest-site structures (bridges or buildings) that are operational or maintenance actions to the structure deemed necessary by the structure owners or managers. These activities do not include nest entries for the purposes of banding birds for scientific purposes. (4) (5) “Passage” means first year migrant raptors capable of flight. (5) (6) “Post-fledgling” means a young first-year bird capable of flight which has recently flown from its nest. (6)(7) "Raptor" means any species or hybrid of the families Strigidae, Falconidae and Accipitridae. (7)(8) “Raptors at hack” means the intentional release of a raptor as a training technique, with the expectation of recapture after a period of time. (8)(9) "Take", for the purposes of these rules, means to trap, capture, or attempt to trap or capture a raptor from the wild for the purpose of falconry.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation by a Golden Eagle on a Brown Bear Cub
    SHORT COMMUNICATION N Sørensen et al. Predation by a golden eagle on a brown bear cub Ole J. Sørensen1,4, Mogens Totsa˚ s2, Tore eagles attending bears. Murie hypothesized that Solstad2, and Robin Rigg3 eagles attending bears were waiting for opportunities to capture prey trying to escape from the bears. He 1North-Trondelag University College, Department of also observed eagles swooping at and diving low over Natural Resource Sciences and Information Technology, grizzlies and other carnivores, but interpreted this Box 2501, N-7729 Steinkjer, Norway behavior as play or curiosity, rather than predation. 2 Norwegian Nature Inspectorate, N-7485 Trondheim, C. McIntyre (US National Park Service, Fair- Norway 3 banks, Alaska, USA, personal communication, 2008), Slovak Wildlife Society, PO Box 72, 033 01 Liptovsky a golden eagle researcher in Denali National Park for Hradok, Slovakia many years, has never seen an eagle attack a bear, although she has often observed eagles following Abstract: During spring 2004 an adult female brown bears in open terrain, perhaps positioning themselves bear (Ursus arctos) and her 3 cubs-of-the-year were to take prey escaping from the bear as suggested by observed outside their den on a south-facing low- Murie. Commensalistic hunting, as well as curious or alpine slope in central Norway. They remained near play behavior by eagles in the vicinity of bears, could the den for 8–10 days and were, except for one day, be misinterpreted as eagles hunting, attacking, or observed daily by Totsa˚s and other wardens of the inspecting bears as possible prey. Predation by eagles Norwegian Nature Inspectorate.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthony, R.G., J.A. Estes, M. A. Ricca, A. K. Miles, and E. D. Forsman
    Ecology, 89(10), 2008, pp. 2725–2735 Ó 2008 by the Ecological Society of America BALD EAGLES AND SEA OTTERS IN THE ALEUTIAN ARCHIPELAGO: INDIRECT EFFECTS OF TROPHIC CASCADES 1,5 2 3 3 4 ROBERT G. ANTHONY, JAMES A. ESTES, MARK A. RICCA, A. KEITH MILES, AND ERIC D. FORSMAN 1U.S. Geological Survey, Oregon Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA 2U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Science Center, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95060 USA 3U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Science Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616 USA 4U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 3200 Jefferson Way, Corvallis, Oregon 97331 USA Abstract. Because sea otters (Enhydra lutris) exert a wide array of direct and indirect effects on coastal marine ecosystems throughout their geographic range, we investigated the potential influence of sea otters on the ecology of Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA. We studied the diets, productivity, and density of breeding Bald Eagles on four islands during 1993–1994 and 2000–2002, when sea otters were abundant and scarce, respectively. Bald Eagles depend on nearshore marine communities for most of their prey in this ecosystem, so we predicted that the recent decline in otter populations would have an indirect negative effect on diets and demography of Bald Eagles. Contrary to our predictions, we found no effects on density of breeding pairs on four islands from 1993–1994 to 2000–2002. In contrast, diets and diet diversity of Bald Eagles changed considerably between the two time periods, likely reflecting a change in prey availability resulting from the increase and subsequent decline in sea otter populations.
    [Show full text]
  • Syringeal Morphology and the Phylogeny of the Falconidae’
    The Condor 96:127-140 Q The Cooper Ornithological Society 1994 SYRINGEAL MORPHOLOGY AND THE PHYLOGENY OF THE FALCONIDAE’ CAROLES.GRIFFITHS Departmentof Ornithology,American Museum of NaturalHistory and Departmentef Biology, City Collegeof City Universityof New York, Central Park West at 79th St., New York, NY 10024 Abstract. Variation in syringealmorphology was studied to resolve the relationshipsof representativesof all of the recognized genera of falcons, falconets, pygmy falcons, and caracarasin the family Falconidae. The phylogenyderived from thesedata establishesthree major cladeswithin the family: (1) the Polyborinae, containingDaptrius, Polyborus, Milvago and Phalcoboenus,the four genera of caracaras;(2) the Falconinae, consistingof the genus Falco, Polihierax (pygmy falcons),Spiziapteryx and Microhierax (falconets)and Herpetothe- res (Laughing Falcon); and (3) the genus Micrastur(forest falcons) comprising the third, basal clade. Two genera, Daptriusand Polihierax,are found to be polyphyletic. The phy- logeny inferred from these syringealdata do not support the current division of the family into two subfamilies. Key words: Falconidae;phylogeny; systematics; syrinx; falcons; caracaras. INTRODUCTION 1. The Polyborinae. This includes seven gen- Phylogenetic relationships form the basis for re- era: Daptrius, Milvago, Polyborus and Phalco- searchin comparative and evolutionary biology boenus(the caracaras),Micrastur (forest falcons), (Page1 and Harvey 1988, Gittleman and Luh Herpetotheres(Laughing Falcon) and Spiziapter- 1992). Patterns drawn from cladogramsprovide yx (Spot-winged Falconet). the blueprints for understanding biodiversity, 2. The Falconinae. This includes three genera: biogeography,behavior, and parasite-hostcospe- Falco, Polihierax (pygmy falcons) and Micro- ciation (Vane-Wright et al. 199 1, Mayden 1988, hierax (falconets). Page 1988, Coddington 1988) and are one of the Inclusion of the caracarasin the Polyborinae key ingredients for planning conservation strat- is not questioned (Sharpe 1874, Swann 1922, egies(Erwin 199 1, May 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Bald Eagle Nest in a Manitoba Heron 30L0ny Eagle/Coyote
    The Ring-billed Gull colony were several weeks old while heron appeared to contain complete chicks were just beginning to hatch. dutches, although no young had yet The observation is of interest and latched. Their nests contain “usually worthy of future field observation to three, sometimes two, very rarely determine if the two species will co¬ four” eggs.1 Sixty-two of these Ring- exist in such close proximity. The pilled Gull nests contained four eggs, abandonment of a heron colony at eight had five eggs and one had six Beaver Lake (54° 43’ N, 111° 53’ W) aggs. The remaining gull nests had between 1970 and 1972 supposedly he usual three. Numbers of four- due to the establishment of an eagle and five-egg clutches appear nest in the colony was reported by significant because they infer a larger Vermeer (Can. Field Nat. 87:427- than normal clutch size rather than 432). the pairing of two females. Other Ring-billed Gull colonies surveyed in 1979 contained abnor¬ mal clutch sizes, but none ap¬ EAGLE/COYOTE proached the proportion INCIDENT documented on the Bachelor’s Island polony. SIG JORDHEIM, White Bear, Sask¬ HARRISON, COLIN. 1978. A field guide atchewan, SOL 3L0. to the nests, eggs and nestlings of North American birds. Collins, New On 25 November 1979, I was on a York. 416 pp. hill overlooking Lake Diefenbaker. At this late date there were still several hundred Canada Geese and Mallard ducks on about an acre of open BALD EAGLE NEST IN A water toward the south shore of the MANITOBA HERON lake.
    [Show full text]
  • The Eagle Huntress Ancient Traditions and New Generations
    1 The Eagle Huntress Ancient Traditions and New Generations By Adrienne Mayor [email protected] May 1, 2016 "The sight of a Eurasian nomad hunting with swift horse, loyal dog, and powerful golden eagle is a majestic scene with ancient roots. For thousands of years this was how the nomadic peoples of the northern steppes from the Caucasus to Manchuria hunted for survival. " This is a revised and expanded version of the two-part article that appeared April 5-6, 2016 online at ancient-origins.net and reprinted April 18, 2016 http://bust.com/feminism/16147-the-untold-history-of-the-eagle-huntress.html "A fast horse and a soaring eagle are the wings of a nomad." --Kazakh proverb 2 FIG 1. Kazakh eagle hunter (Shutterstock) Falconry, training raptors to hunt for game, is particularly suited to vast grasslands especially in combination with horses and dogs. The earliest images of falconry appear in Assyrian and Hittite reliefs of the 9th and 8th centuries BC. Classical Greek and Roman authors Ctesias, Aristotle, Pliny, and Aelian described falconry. A Persian textile (10th century AD) depicts the Banu (Lady Governor) of Rayy (ancient Rhages, near Tehran, northern Iran) riding with her falcon. In AD 1270 Marco Polo described how the nomads of Central Asia hunted on horseback with small falcons, hawks, and eagles. FIG 2. Banu (Lady Governor) of Rayy, Persian textile, 10th century AD 3 For thousands of years, golden eagles have been the favorite raptor to train as a hunting companion across the northern steppes from the Caucasus to China. Eagles are strong predators especially adapted to winter hunting for hare, marmot, wild goat, deer, fox (even lynx, pallas cat, and wolf, although these are unnatural prey and dangerous for the eagles).
    [Show full text]