Chinese Exclusion Act Records at the National Archives at Seattle." National Archives

Annotated Bibliography

Archives.gov. "Chinese Exclusion Act records at the National Archives at Seattle." National Archives. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://www.archives.gov/seattle/finding-aids/chinese-exclusion-act. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 prohibited and prevented Chinese immigration in the United States for ten years. It was extended for another ten years by the Geary Act of 1892. In 1902, the law was made permanent. In 1943, the act was repealed by the Magnuson Act. I used this website for information on the Chinese Exclusion Act, in the heart of the story.

Ball, Jane L. Chinese and white miners sluicing for gold at Auburn Ravine in Northern California's Placer County in 1852. Photograph. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/449-coolies.html. During the Gold Rush, the Chinese, White, and other foreign miners mined for gold "together." The White miners discriminated foreign (Chinese) miners because they were taking the gold, leaving less gold for them. I used this image for the background of the Chinese Exclusion Act, to show Chinese immigrants in the Gold Rush.

Bily, Cynthia A. "Geary Act of 1892." Immigration to the United States. Accessed November 16, 2019. https://immigrationtounitedstates.org/514-geary-act-of-1892.html. The Geary Act of 1892 was passed and enforced to extend the Chinese Exclusion Act by ten years. It went into effect on May 5, 1892. It prevented Chinese immigration in the United States. I used this website to acquire information on the Geary Act. The Geary Act happened "during" the Chinese Exclusion Act.

California Department of Parks and Recreation. Photograph. Accessed December 10, 2019. https://www.aiisf.org/images. Angel Island Immigration Station was built to process immigration. They processed Chinese immigrants but also immigrants from other countries like Japan. When newcomers came to the island, they would go through interrogation, which led up to detention. I used this image in the Chinese Exclusion Act section; to show the Angel Island Immigration Station.

Chinese Exclusion Act. Photograph. AAPF. Accessed November 4, 2019. http://aapf.org/chinese-exclusion-act. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first immigration against a specific race. At first, the Chinese Exclusion Act excluded from the teachers, merchants, officials, and travelers. In 1924, the Chinese Exclusion Act prevented all Chinese from entering the United States and was made to prevent other Asians as well. I used this for the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Chinese Historical Society of America. "What Was the Chinese Exclusion Act?" Chinese Historical Society of America. Last modified April 18, 2017. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://chsa.org/2017/04/what-was-the-chinese-exclusion-act/.

The Chinese Exclusion Act was passed and enforced in 1882, to prevent further immigration from China. The Chinese Exclusion Act also gave many restrictions to existing Chinese immigrants in the United States. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law that prevented immigration from a specific race. I used this website to understand the Chinese Exclusion Act and acquire more information.

Chinese Laborers, Who Blasted Tunnels under the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range, Were Initially Shunned by the Central Pacific Railroad until It Became Clear That the Project Couldn't Go on without Them. Photograph. May 10, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2020. https://www.latimes.com/opinion/op-ed/la-oe-chang-transcontinental-railroad-anniversar y-chinese-workers-20190510-story.html. Chinese immigrants played a huge role in building the Transcontinental railroad. Many Chinese died while working on building the railroad. Though they contributed hugely to the building of the railroad, they do not receive much credit for it. They are not acknowledged for it. When they were building the railroad their salary was also less than what the White workers received.

Daniel. The Magnuson Act of 1943 (Repeal of Chinese Exclusion). January 14, 2012. Photograph. Accessed December 11, 2019. https://riceonhistory.wordpress.com/2012/01/14/the-magnuson-act-of-1943-repeal-of-chi nese-exclusion/. The Magnuson Act of 1943 was enforced on December 17, 1943. It repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act that lasted sixty years. Along with repealing the Chinese Exclusion Act, the act allowed 105 Visas per year to Chinese immigrants. I used this image to show the Magnuson act. This is used in the Impact section of my website.

Diao, Ying. "Echoes of History: Chinese Poetry at the Angel Island Immigration Station." Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Last modified May 3, 2017. Accessed November 1, 2019. https://festival.si.edu/blog/echoes-of-history-chinese-poetry-and-the-angel-island-immigr ation-station. This website talked about the time during the Chinese Exclusion Act. When the Chinese (and other Asians) wanted to get into the United States, they went to Angel Island. They would typically have to wait a long time just to get a yes or no. Some would try to act like paper sons or daughters to get into the U.S. Paper sons and daughters are Chinese that purchased fraudulent documents and illegally immigrated into the United States. I used the information I acquired from this website to use in the Chinese Exclusion Act section of my website.

Eji.org. "On May 06, 1882: Chinese Exclusion Act Signed into Law." A History of Racial Injustice. Accessed October 7, 2019. https://calendar.eji.org/racial-injustice/may/06. This website gave information about before and during the Chinese Exclusion Act. It also told about the effects of the Chinese Exclusion Act. It told about the many things that the Chinese Exclusion Act prohibited. I used this website to get an overall view of the Chinese Exclusion Act. It gave information for every part of the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Grigg, Cindy. "Chinese Immigrants and the California Gold Rush." edHelper.org. Accessed October 21, 2019. https://www.hickmanmills.org/cms/lib3/MO01001730/Centricity/Domain/794/Chinese% 20Immigrants%20and%20the%20California%20Gold%20Rush.htm. The California Gold Rush happened right before the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Gold Rush played a huge role in the Chinese Exclusion Act because if it wasn't for the Gold Rush, the Chinese Exclusion Act would probably not have been enforced, at least not during that year. Because of the Gold Rush, Chinese immigrants had come to America, particularly California, to seek gold. I used this website for information on the California Gold Rush, which was right before the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Hayes, Jack Patrick. "The Opium Wars in China." Asia Pacific Curriculum. Accessed October 17, 2019. https://asiapacificcurriculum.ca/learning-module/opium-wars-china. The Opium Wars happened long before the Chinese Exclusion Act was enforced. The first Opium War was between China and Great Britain. In the Second Opium War, China fought both Great Britain and France. China had lost in both of the Opium Wars. Because they had lost in the Opium Wars they had lost many valuable things to them. I used this website to learn about the Opium Wars, which happened long before the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Hickman, Kennedy. Expedition De Chine, 1860. July 3, 2019. Illustration. Accessed December 9, 2019. https://www.thoughtco.com/second-opium-war-overview-2360837. In the Second Opium War, China fought both Great Britain and France. The Second Opium War started in 1856 and ended in 1860. China had lost the war. I used this image to show the Second Opium War.

Hillesheim, Jacob. "How the Chinese Exclusion Act Still Impacts the U.S. Today." Rewire. Last modified May 23, 2018. Accessed November 14, 2019. https://www.rewire.org/our-future/chinese-exclusion-act/. The Chinese Exclusion Act affects the United States now in many ways. This website tells how the Exclusion Act affects the U.S. now. I used this website to learn about how the Chinese Exclusion Act still impacts the United States today.

History.com Staff. "Chinese Exclusion Act." HISTORY. Last modified August 24, 2018. Accessed September 26, 2019. https://www.history.com/topics/immigration/chinese-exclusion-act-1882. This website gave an overview of what the Chinese Exclusion Act is about. It told about the Chinese Immigration in America, the purpose of the Chinese Exclusion Act, and the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act. It told about the basics of the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Chinese Exclusion Act was enforced when Chinese immigrants came to California to join the Gold Rush. I used this website to learn about the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Kennedy, Lesley. "Building the Transcontinental Railroad: How Some 20,000 Chinese Immigrants Made It Happen." History. Last modified May 10, 2019. Accessed February 28, 2020. https://www.history.com/news/transcontinental-railroad-chinese-immigrants. Chinese immigrants played a huge part in building the Transcontinental Railroad. Up to 20,000 Chinese workers helped build the railroad. Though they played a huge part, many fail to acknowledge their help in building the railroad. Hundreds of Chinese died building the railroad, due to explosions, landslides, accidents, and diseases. They were willing to perform manual labor for a cheap price and were paid around $35 a month.

Library of Congress. "Immigration... Chinese." Library of Congress. Accessed November 17, 2019. https://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations /immigration/chinese6.html. The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first significant law on restricting immigration towards a specific race in U.S. history. The Chinese Exclusion Act left many effects on U.S. society now. I used this website to acquire more information on the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Library of Congress. "Chinese Immigration to the United States, 1851-1900." Library of Congress. Accessed November 15, 2019. http://www.loc.gov/teachers/classroommaterials/presentationsandactivities/presentations/ timeline/riseind/chinimms/chinimms.html. After the Civil War, immigrants began to immigrate to the United States again. Among the immigrants, being Chinese immigrants. The immigrants would either permanently stay in America or stay for a while and return to their homes. I used this website to learn about before the Chinese Exclusion Act and during the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Mitter, Rana. "Forgotten Ally? China's Unsung Role in World War II." CNN. Last modified September 1, 2015. Accessed February 27, 2020. https://www.cnn.com/2015/08/31/opinions/china-wwii-forgotten-ally-rana-mitter/index.h tml. Though the Chinese Exclusion Act was still active when World War II started, China became an ally of America and went against Japan and other countries. Nowadays, many people are disregarding China in World War II. Around 2.2 million Chinese died during World War II from military death.

Office of the Historian, ed. "Repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act, 1943." U.S. Department of State. Accessed November 4, 2019. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1937-1945/chinese-exclusion-act-repeal. When the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed, Chinese immigration was allowed again in the United States. It allowed 105 visas every year. This website talks about what happened right after the Chinese Exclusion Act. I used this website to learn about the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act. I used this website to learn about when the Chinese Exclusion Act was repealed.

Ourdocuments.gov. "Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)." Our Documents - Chinese Exclusion Act (1882). Accessed November 15, 2019. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=47#. The Chinese Exclusion Act, the first significant law restricting immigration towards a specific race from entering the United Staes, was approved by Congress on May 6, 1882. Since then, the Chinese Exclusion Act was extended to 1943, when the act repealed. I used this website to acquire more information on the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Reft, Ryan. "Before It Embraced Immigrants, California Championed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882." KCET. Last modified February 9, 2017. Accessed November 17, 2019. https://www.kcet.org/shows/lost-la/before-it-embraced-immigrants-california-champione d-the-chinese-exclusion-act-of-1882. The Chinese Exclusion Act was enforced and passed to prevent more Chinese immigrants from entering the United States and gave more restrictions to the existing Chinese immigrants in the U.S. As time went on, the Chinese Exclusion Act gave restrictions to other Asian immigrants as well. I used this website to learn about the restrictions that came with the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Regents of the University of California. "Anti-Chinese Movement and Chinese Exclusion." Anti-Chinese Movement and Chinese Exclusion: Chinese in California. https://bancroft.berkeley.edu/collections/chineseinca/antichinese.html. Since the Chinese arrived in the United States during the Gold Rush, they were treated poorly because of their race. Then, the Chinese Exclusion Act was enforced. The Chinese Exclusion Act prevented Chinese immigration and denied existing Chinese immigrants the right to testify in court. I used this website to learn about how the Chinese immigrants were discriminated, and what led to the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Siegel, Lee. New U.S. citizens take their oaths in Poughkeepsie. October 27, 2012. Photograph. Accessed December 11, 2019. https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204076204578076613986930932. Due to the 105 Visas that came with the Magnuson Act, Chinese immigrants are now allowed to become citizens of the United States. Though not all Chinese immigrants can become U.S. citizens, they will have opportunities in the future, because of the 105 Visas. I used this image for the Impact section of my website.

Tian, Kelly. "The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 and Its Impact on North American Society." Undergraduate Research Journal for the Human Sciences. Accessed November 1, 2019. https://www.kon.org/urc/v9/tian.html. The Chinese Exclusion Act affects society now because if it wasn't enforced, there would be a lot more Chinese in America. Because it happened, there are less Chinese. Though the Chinese Exclusion Act was enforced, it was repealed, which allows Chinese immigration in America now. I used this website to learn about the impact of the Chinese Exclusion Act and used it on the Impact section of my website.

2019 NBC UNIVERSAL. "The Chinese Exclusion Act Ended Seventy-One Years Ago, Today." NBC News. Last modified December 17, 2014. Accessed October 4, 2019. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/asian-america/chinese-exclusion-act-ended-seventy-one -years-ago-today-n270276. This website source gave a small timeline over the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. It talked about the Chinese immigrants' arrival, the happening of the Chinese Exclusion Act, and life during the Chinese Exclusion Act. It also talked about the Magnuson Act, the Act that repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act. I used this website to learn about what happened "throughout" the Chinese Exclusion Act.

U.S. Department of State. "Chinese Immigration and the Chinese Exclusion Acts." Office of the Historian. Accessed November 14, 2019. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1866-1898/chinese-immigration. In the late 19th century, 300,000+ Chinese immigrants came to the United States to start a new life or strike rich. Congress soon enforced the Chinese Exclusion Act. The Chinese Exclusion Act made Chinese already in the United States unable to become American citizens, and Chinese that left the United States for a while would need permission to come back. That is before they didn't allow them to come back at all. I used this website to learn about what happened before the Chinese Exclusion Act and the restrictions that came with the Chinese Exclusion Act.

Yale Law School. "Chinese Exclusion Act; May 6, 1882." Avalon Project - Documents in Law, History, and Diplomacy. Accessed November 18, 2019. https://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/chinese_exclusion_act.asp. This website gives the small details of the Chinese Exclusion Act. It put the Exclusion Act into smaller sections. It gives the minor details. It also tells you the background of the Exclusion Act. I used this website to learn more about the Chinese Exclusion Act.