DOCSLIB.ORG

HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY STATE of the ART Andrew J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY STATE of the ART Andrew J HYDROGEN TECHNOLOGY STATE OF THE ART Andrew J. Pimm, Junfeng Yang, Katarina Widjaja & Tim T. Cockerill SEPTEMBER 2019 Contents Nomenclature ............................................................................................................. 3 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Current Interest in Hydrogen ......................................................................... 4 1.2 Realising the Potential .................................................................................. 4 1.3 Transitioning to Hydrogen ............................................................................. 4 1.4 Aims and Objectives ..................................................................................... 5 2 Hydrogen Production .......................................................................................... 6 2.1 Steam Methane Reforming ........................................................................... 6 2.2 Electrolysis .................................................................................................... 8 2.3 Gasification of Coal, Biomass and Waste ................................................... 10 3 Hydrogen Projects for Domestic and Industrial Use .......................................... 11 4 Hydrogen Applications in Transport .................................................................. 15 4.1 Hydrogen Refuelling Stations ...................................................................... 17 5 Hydrogen Transportation Methods .................................................................... 18 5.1 Liquid and Gaseous Hydrogen – Truck Transport ....................................... 18 5.2 Gaseous Hydrogen – Pipeline Transport .................................................... 20 5.3 Ship and Rail Transport .............................................................................. 22 6 Hydrogen Storage ............................................................................................. 23 6.1 Cavern Storage ........................................................................................... 23 6.2 Tank Storage ............................................................................................... 27 7 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Hydrogen ..................................................... 29 8 Energy System Integration of Hydrogen in the UK ............................................ 31 8.1 Questions and Challenges .......................................................................... 31 8.2 Quantities of Hydrogen Required for Applications ....................................... 31 8.3 Interactions with Other Energy Vectors and Resources .............................. 34 8.4 Managing the Transition .............................................................................. 35 9 Conclusions and Key Challenges ...................................................................... 39 References ............................................................................................................... 40 2 Nomenclature AGN Australian Gas Networks ATR Autothermal Reforming CAES Compressed Air Energy Storage CCS Carbon Capture and Storage CHP Combined Heat and Power FCEV Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle FCH JU Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking GHG Greenhouse Gas HGV Heavy Goods Vehicle ICE Internal Combustion Engine IMRP Iron Mains Replacement Program LPG Liquefied Petroleum Gas NG Natural Gas PEM Polymer Electrolyte Membrane SGT Siemens Gas Turbine SMR Steam Methane Reforming SOE Solid Oxide Electrolysis 3 1 Introduction 1.1 Current Interest in Hydrogen The potential of hydrogen as a vector for low carbon energy has been apparent for many years, but it has only recently been recognised as offering a convincing pathway for the decarbonisation of the heating, transport and industrial sectors. Interest from UK policy makers has grown rapidly over the last 2-3 years, partly due to a realisation that wholesale electrification would require transformation of the electricity industry. In addition, recent announcements [1] of an intention to move to a zero net carbon economy will necessitate a large decommissioning of natural gas systems over the next 30 years, providing a 'window of opportunity' for the substitution of sustainably produced hydrogen. 1.2 Realising the Potential Realising hydrogen's unquestionable potential represents a formidable challenge, because it currently plays an almost insignificant role in the energy sector. This contrasts with some alternatives, such as electrification and bioenergy, which already have significant supply chains and industrial eco-systems in place. Given the poorly developed status of hydrogen, it may superficially appear more attractive to scale-up these alternative vectors rather than develop a set of new technologies. However there are significant constraints on all the alternatives. Indigenous bioenergy supplies are intrinsically limited, and if imported, may have substantial environmental impacts. Full electrification would require roughly 3-fold increase in low-carbon generation capacity, representing a policy challenge of the same order of magnitude as deploying hydrogen in place of natural gas. For these reasons the challenge of hydrogen deployment is worth exploring further, for now at least, while recognising that some current fossil energy demands may be more effectively satisfied by other sustainable sources. 1.3 Transitioning to Hydrogen Smoothly transitioning to an energy sector that fully embodies hydrogen will require a clear understanding of those applications to which it is well-suited and equally of those to which it is not. A "whole systems" approach is vital therefore, as developing this understanding touches on the nature of those applications and the characteristics of other sustainable sources. More widely, the feasibility of any transition plan depends on the time required, and existence of the appropriate expertise, to develop the necessary suite of technologies; the existence of appropriate manufacturing capabilities within the economy; the development of a workforce with specialist trade skills and the deployment of infrastructure systems. In these respects, hydrogen represents primarily an integrational, rather than a fundamental challenge. Most of the low-TRL fundamentals are well understood, with respect to the physical and chemical properties of the gas, as well as its combustion behaviour and its interactions with a wide range of materials. A large array of 4 engineering research and design expertise is readily available for the development of new technologies, with much tacit-knowledge that can be carried over from the fossil based energy, process and other industries. However at the moment sustainable hydrogen is not available at a scale, there is no distribution infrastructure, and apart from some industrial niches, application technologies are only available in proof-of- concept forms. The real challenge therefore is to facilitate this 'integrational transition' by developing the key elements of a large scale hydrogen eco-system with low associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. 1.4 Aims and Objectives The aims of this document therefore is to briefly review the current ‘state of the art’ across most essential technical components of the hydrogen ecosystem, in support of the Round 1 Strength In Places “Developing the UK Hydrogen Corridor (H2CORE)” proposal. Our review begins by looking at techniques for hydrogen production. Sections 3 and 4 consider end users, covering applications in industry, domestic and transport contexts. Connecting producers and users will be discussed in the next two sections, which look at transmission and storage. The final two main sections introduce a wider perspective by summarising the current understanding of GHG emissions from hydrogen energy systems, as well as approaches for integration into the energy system at scale. 5 2 Hydrogen Production Globally around 70 Mt of dedicated hydrogen is produced annually, 76% from natural gas and almost all of the rest (23%) from coal [2]. Because it readily forms covalent compounds with most non-metallic elements, only tiny amounts of hydrogen exist as a gas in the Earth’s atmosphere (less than 1 part per million by volume). Instead, it exists naturally in water (H2O) and natural gas (CH4), so the main approaches to producing large quantities of hydrogen rely on these resources. Gas reforming takes natural gas and extracts the hydrogen, leaving a carbon waste stream that, for low- carbon hydrogen production, must be stored through carbon capture and storage (CCS). Electrolysis uses electricity to separate hydrogen from water, leaving oxygen that can either be used elsewhere or vented to atmosphere. Hydrogen can also be produced through gasification of coal, biomass, and waste, whereby heat is applied to produce a hydrogen-rich syngas, from which the hydrogen may be separated. 2.1 Steam Methane Reforming Steam methane reforming (SMR) is the most mature hydrogen production process, having been used commercially for many decades. It involves a catalytic conversion of methane to hydrogen and carbon dioxide, and consists of a steam reforming step, in which methane is reacted with steam at high temperature to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogen, followed by a water-gas shift reaction, where carbon monoxide is reacted with steam to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen. Finally, a pressure
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hydrogen Refuelling December 2011 Featuring
    ISSUE 09 Technology Spotlight: Hydrogen Refuelling December 2011 Featuring: At LRI, our monthly interview-based newsletter features innovative energy technologies and businesses. In the latest About Us edition of the newsletter, LRI staff interviewed Dr. Graham Cooley, CEO of ITM Power. Among other products, the London Research company is the developer of the HFuel, a hydrogen refuelling International (LRI) is a station that provides on-site hydrogen fuel production global research and through combined electrolysis, storage, and fueling consulting firm, combining innovations. broad research capabilities with specialist expertise in the energy, environment, and chemical sectors. HFuel: The Portable Hydrogen Refuelling Station Our Newsletter The HFuel is a “Plug and Play” hydrogen New systems usually begin with two on-site refuelling system that can be turned on-and-off in containers. The first container contains the At LRI, our monthly a single second. This enables the HFuel to balance electrolysis equipment that develops the hydrogen interview-based newsletter incoming intermittent power, such as from from an incoming power and water source, while features innovative energy renewable sources like wind or solar. In many the second container stores the hydrogen at technologies and cases, any surplus of energy delivered to the pressures of between 350 and 700 bar. Attached to businesses. To receive past electricity network tends to be constrained. By the second container is a cascade refuelling pump editions, please contact us using electrolysis to convert this excess power into that can refuel a vehicle in 3-4 minutes. Van directly. hydrogen fuel, available energy that might have drivers comment how easy it is to refuel the van, Announcements gone to waste can be used at a later date.
    [Show full text]
  • Electricity) and 2009/73/EC (Gas)
    2016 Great Britain and Northern Ireland National Reports to the European Commission National Reports in relation to Directives 2009/72/EC (Electricity) and 2009/73/EC (Gas) Ofgem 2016 National Report to the European Commission Overview All National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) are obliged to report annually to the European Commission, in accordance with Directives 2009/72/EC (Electricity Directive) and 2009/73/EC (Gas Directive). The structure of the report is agreed at the Council of European Energy Regulators (CEER). Ofgem is the UK Office of Gas and Electricity Markets. It is governed by the Gas and Electricity Markets Authority (the Authority).1 The terms ‘the Authority’, ‘Ofgem’, ‘us’ and ‘we’ are used interchangeably in this document. The Northern Ireland National Report is in the second section of this UK response. The Great Britain (GB) report covers: Developments in the GB energy markets in 2015 and Quarter I + II of 2016; The regulation and performance of the GB electricity and gas markets along the themes of network regulation, promoting competition, and security of supply Our compliance with the Electricity and Gas Directives on consumer protection and dispute settlement Since GB energy markets have been fully liberalised and the regulatory structures in place for a number of years, this report is intended as an updated version of the submissions made since 2007. The structure of this report and much of the information remains unchanged, although latest data is supplied. Finally, for further information on Ofgem’s activities, please consult our Annual Reports. The 2015-16 Ofgem Annual Report is available at the link below.2 Contacts: Sean Hennity Ryan McLaughlin Ofgem, EU Coordination Ofgem, Head of European Wholesale Markets 9 Millbank, London, SW1 3GE 9 Millbank, London, SW1 3GE 0207 3269 9951 020 3269 9615 [email protected] [email protected] 1 The Authority determines strategy, sets policy priorities and takes decisions on a range of matters, including price controls and enforcement.
    [Show full text]
  • Offshore Wind and Hydrogen: Solving the Integration Challenge
    OFFSHORE WIND AND HYDROGEN SOLVING THE INTEGRATION CHALLENGE OSW-H2: SOLVING THE INTEGRATION CHALLENGE 1 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The study was jointly supported by the Offshore Wind Industry Council (OWIC) and Offshore Renewable Energy (ORE) Catapult, and delivered by ORE Catapult. The Offshore Wind Industry Council is a senior Government and industry forum established in 2013 to drive the development of the UK’s world- leading offshore wind sector. OWIC is responsible for overseeing implementation of the UK Offshore Wind Industrial Strategy. ORE Catapult is a not-for-profit research organisation, established in 2013 by the UK Government as one of a network of Catapults in high growth industries. It is the UK’s leading innovation centre for offshore renewable energy and helps to create UK economic benefit in the sector by helping to reduce the cost of offshore renewable energy, and support the growth of the industry. AUTHORS: ANGELIKI SPYROUDI KACPER STEFANIAK DAVID WALLACE STEPHANIE MANN GAVIN SMART ZEYNEP KURBAN The authors would like to thank a number of organisations and stakeholders for their support through Steering Committee and Expert Group meetings or individually. They include, in alphabetical order: Atkins (David Cole), BEIS (Tasnim Choudhury, Simone Cooper Searle, David Curran, Rose Galloway – Green, Fiona Mettam, Alan Morgan, Allan Taylor, Mark Taylor, Rita Wadey, Alex Weir) Committee on Climate Change (Mike Hemsley, David Joffe, Julia King), Crown Estate Scotland (Mark McKean), EDF Energy (David Acres), Energy Systems Catapult (Nick
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Review 2007 Delivering Gas to the North of England Northern Gas Networks
    Annual Review 2007 Delivering gas to the North of England Northern Gas Networks 2 Annual Review 2007 Corporate Directory Northern Gas Networks Limited 1100 Century Way Thorpe Park Business Park Colton LEEDS LS15 8TU Telephone: 0113 397 5300 Facsimile: 0113 397 5301 Website: www.northerngasnetworks.co.uk Gas Emergencies: Call 0800 111 999* at any time. *All calls are recorded and may be monitored. 27 Phone 0113 397 5300 The National Gas Emergency Service is available 24 hours Web www.northerngasnetworks.co.uk a day, every day. FREEPHONE 0800 111 999*. *All calls are recorded and may be monitored Annual Review 2007 Contents The Year under Review 4 Chief Executive Offi cer’s Review 6 Ownership Structure 10 Business Strategy 11 Business Review 13 Performance Review 17 Corporate Governance 20 The Management Team 21 Board of Directors 23 Results Summary 2007 26 Corporate Directory 27 3 Northern Gas Networks The Year under Review In the second full calendar year of operations Northern Gas Networks continued to develop within the UK’s energy industry. Building on solid foundations, the company delivered improvements in its fi nancial effi ciency, in health and safety and in its customer service, positioning the organisation as one of the leaders in the UK gas industry. 4 Annual Review 2007 The company won a prestigious Utility Award for the work in delivering the new suite of computer systems which underpin daily operations. Northern Gas Networks delivers gas through 37,000km of Notable achievements during 2007 include the fi nalisation pipes to around 2.6m homes and businesses in the North of of the fi ve-year Price Control Review, under which Ofgem England, an area of 27,000 square miles covering northern sets the company’s revenue and operational targets for Cumbria, the North East and much of Yorkshire.
    [Show full text]
  • A14 - Our Whole Systems Strategy 1
    Final RIIO-2 Business Plan Submission December 2019 Appendix A14 - Our Whole Systems Strategy 1 Page left intentionally blank. Final RIIO-2 Business Plan Submission December 2019 Appendix A14 - Our Whole Systems Strategy 2 Foreword This document outlines Northern Gas Networks’ Whole Systems Strategy. This strategy addresses Ofgem’s business plan guidance for us to provide information on our approach to enabling whole systems solutions in our RIIO-2 Business Plan. We have developed this strategy in conjunction with key whole systems stakeholders. Importantly, NGN is committed to supporting the achievement of the UK’s net zero emission targets and our Whole Systems Strategy sets out how we intend to contribute. The purpose of this document has been to assist us with: • determining our role in the whole systems landscape; • determining how we will interact with other stakeholders in the creation of an integrated energy system; and • defining the actions that we will need to take to deliver against our objectives. We also note the interactions between this document, our Environmental Action Plan, Innovation Strategy and Customers in Vulnerable Situations Strategy: • Environmental Action Plan – this is the primary regulatory document that sets out the environmental impacts of our business operations as well as short-term initiatives to reduce these impacts and our long-term strategy to contribute to the net zero emission targets by 2050, for the benefit of customers. • Innovation Strategy – this sets out our approach to delivering innovation in RIIO-2 (particularly in relation to enabling the achievement of our net zero emission targets and supporting customers in vulnerable situations), with a focus on the benefits provided to customers.
    [Show full text]
  • Hull Core Strategy - Contacts List (As at July 2011)
    Hull Core Strategy - Contacts List (as at July 2011) Introduction This report provides details about the contacts made during the development of the Hull Core Strategy. It includes contact made at each plan making stage, as follows: • Issues and Options – August 2008 • Emerging Preferred Approach – February 2010 • Core Strategy Questionnaire – September 2010 • Spatial Options – February 2011 • Core Strategy Publication Version – July 2011 A list of Hull Development Forum members (as at July 2011) is also enclosed. This group has met over 15 times, usually on a quarterly basis. The report also sets out the specific and general organisations and bodies that have been contacted, in conformity with the Council’s adopted Statement of Community Involvement. Specific groups are indicated with an asterisk. Please note contacts will change over time. Issues and Options – August 2008 (Letter sent to Consultants/Agents) Your Ref: My Ref: PPI/KG/JP Contact: Mr Keith Griffiths «Title» «First_Name» «Surname» Tel: 01482 612389 «Job_Title» Fax: 01482 612382 Email: [email protected] «Org» th «Add1» Date: 4 August 2008 «Add2» «Add3» «Town» «Postcode» Dear Sir/Madam Hull Core Strategy - issues, options and suggested preferred option Please find enclosed the ‘Hull Core Strategy issues, options and suggested preferred option’ document for your consideration. Your views should be returned to us by the 5 September, 2008 by using the form provided. In particular, could you respond to the following key questions: 1. What do you think to the issues, objectives, options and suggested preferred option set out in the document? 2. How would you combine the options? 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Hydrogen Energy Storage: Grid and Transportation Services February 2015
    02 Hydrogen Energy Storage: Grid and Transportation Services February 2015 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy EfficiencyWorkshop Structure and Renewable / 1 Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. Hydrogen Energy Storage: Grid and Transportation Services February 2015 Hydrogen Energy Storage: Grid and Transportation Services Proceedings of an Expert Workshop Convened by the U.S. Department of Energy and Industry Canada, Hosted by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the California Air Resources Board Sacramento, California, May 14 –15, 2014 M. Melaina and J. Eichman National Renewable Energy Laboratory Prepared under Task No. HT12.2S10 Technical Report NREL/TP-5400-62518 February 2015 NREL is a national laboratory of the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, operated by the Alliance for Sustainable Energy, LLC. This report is available at no cost from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) at www.nrel.gov/publications National Renewable Energy Laboratory 15013 Denver West Parkway Golden, CO 80401 303-275-3000 www.nrel.gov NOTICE This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States government. Neither the United States government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States government or any agency thereof.
    [Show full text]
  • Overview of LCRI Research 2008 to 2015
    Overview of LCRI Research 2008 to 2015 1 Published by Low Carbon Research Institute Cover by Fabrizio Varriale Printed in Wales, UK in 2015 ISBN: 978-1-899895-18-2 2 Contents PREFACE 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 3 SECTION 1: Introduction to the Low Carbon Research Institute (LCRI) 5 SECTION 2: Low Carbon Built Environment (LCBE) 7 SECTION 3: Solar PV (SPARC) 26 SECTION 4: Hydrogen 31 SECTION 5: Large Scale Power Generation (LSPG) 41 SECTION 6: Marine 47 SECTION 7: Welsh Energy Sector Training (WEST) 55 The Research Team Principals Professor Phil Jones LCRI Chair and LCBE Cardiff University Professor Peter Pearson LCRI Director Cardiff University Professor Stuart Irvine SPARC Glyndwr University Professor Alan Guwy Hydrogen South Wales University Dr Ian Masters Marine Swansea University Professor Phil Bowen Large Scale Power Generation Cardiff University Industry Partners LCRI has worked with a number of industry and government partners, including: 1st Attraction, Alexander Bullock, AP Electrical, Arup, Atkins, BASF, BIPV Co, Bluefield Caernafon Ltd/ Twenty20Homes Ltd, BP, Building Research Establishment, Butler and Young, Cable and Wireless, Cardiff County Council, Cenin Ltd, Central Roofing SW, CGL Services, Charter Housing, Clive Edwards Ltd, CH2M HIL, Coed Cymru, Conwy C.C, Core Citis, D.B. Francis DEFRA, Ecolek, Edward Perkins, Environment Agency Wales, Envirovent, EON, ETI, European Aviation Safety Agency, GB-Sol GE (USA), GEM, Glyn Sebburn, Gwynedd Council, Hafren Power, Halcrow, IBM, ITM Power, J.J. Williams, Joyner PA Cymru Ltd, Links Electrical,
    [Show full text]
  • Decarbonising Road Freight: Shell's Route Ahead
    Decarbonising Road Freight: SHELL’S ROUTE AHEAD www.shell.com/DecarbonisingRoadFreight #MakeTheFuture CONTENTS 3 Introduction 5 The road freight sector today 5 Road freight volumes and CO₂ emissions Industry perspectives 9 Shell’s view on future pathways 10 What road freight needs from energy providers Shell’s climate ambition Deploying fuels and energy infrastructure Operational and design solutions for managing CO₂ emissions Advancing policy and collaboration 22 Shell’s role in decarbonising road freight 24 Our evolving business Hydrogen Charging solutions Low-carbon fuels 27 Conclusion INTRODUCTION Carlos Maurer Executive Vice President, In the coming years, the biggest change we face as a society, is the transition towards Sectors and Decarbonisation low-carbon forms of energy. This is change on a global scale. It is change that will Shell take years to be fully realised. Societal expectations are moving fast, and and stakeholders across the road freight technologies. Now the sector needs we recognise that more must be done to industry about how the sector can accelerate to synchronise the demand for these tackle the challenge of climate change. As decarbonisation. I’d like to extend my sincere technologies with necessary investments in an energy supplier, Shell has been listening thanks to the more than 150 executives and energy infrastructure and supply. Achieving and we aim to establish pathways towards experts who participated in interviews and this will require strong collaboration across net-zero emissions in collaboration with those workshops and generously shared their the sector and robust policy frameworks that sectors that utilise our energy products. insights with us.
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Gas Networks
    Network Innovation Annual Summary 2018-19 Innovating on the streets of the North of England Meet the Innovation team 1 4 2 3 5 Our core innovation team looks after the overall management of our NIA funded projects, sets the strategic direction, and identifies new and exciting opportunities. The team also provides support to colleagues across the business, helping them devise and deliver innovative ways of working, become earlier adopters of new innovations, and embrace an innovation mindset. We believe a culture of innovation should permeate our whole business, and not be restricted to a single function. Through collaboration with colleagues and suppliers, we’re developing novel solutions that make our customers’ lives easier, and make bills go further. 1 Richard Hynes-Cooper 4 Michael Charlton Head of Innovation Innovation Implementation Manager [email protected] [email protected] 2 Wayne Smith 5 Shannon Smith Innovation Manager Project Support [email protected] [email protected] 3 Jarred Knott Innovation and Regulation Support Contact us [email protected] [email protected] 2 | MEET THE INNOVATION TEAM INNOVATION REPORT 2019 Everyday innovation… innovation every day Mark Horsley Chief Executive Officer Northern Gas Networks Whether we are replacing pipes, responding Many of our innovation projects have now to gas emergencies, supporting vulnerable become business as usual, delivering cost communities or exploring new forms of energy, savings and customer benefits each and every innovation can help us do a better job, at a day. better price. As we prepare for our next regulatory period Like the other UK gas networks, we receive from 2021, with a new business plan, innovation funding from our regulator, Ofgem, to develop will continue to be at the heart of everything innovative products and techniques that allow we do – helping us to meet stretching us to do our core work more effectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Heralds of Hydrogen: the Economicfc Heading Sectors That Heading Are Driving the Hydrogen Economyfc Subheading in Subheading Europe
    January 2021 The Heralds of Hydrogen: The economicFC Heading sectors that Heading are driving the hydrogen economyFC Subheading in Subheading Europe I. Introduction The 2019 International Energy Agency (IEA) report on the future of hydrogen highlighted the renewed interest in hydrogen as a potential pathway to a zero-carbon future.1 Since then, many new projects have started and many investment programmes reaching into the billions of euros have been announced, such as the earmarked fund of €9 billion for hydrogen as part of the COVID-19 recovery effort by the German government.2 Yet, uncertainty remains about the precise role of hydrogen in European visions of the energy transition. This raises questions about the support base of the hydrogen economy in Europe. What prompts companies as diverse as for instance Airbus, BP, Enagás, Fincantieri, Linde, Siemens, Škoda, SNCF, and Thyssenkrupp to become members of hydrogen associations? Which economic sectors stand out among supporters of the hydrogen transition? What is the role of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs)? These are all relevant questions. The momentum for hydrogen comes at a time when policymakers at the subnational, national and supranational level are faced with the task of reviving their economies in response to the COVID-19 crisis. The European Commission revealed its official hydrogen strategy in July 2020.3 Hydrogen is supposed to become one of the key pillars of the European Green Deal, announced just before the COVID-19 crisis started. Many national policymakers are working on hydrogen too, with recent strategies published in France and Germany, for example.
    [Show full text]
  • Gas NIC Submission from National Grid Gas Distribution
    Project Code/Version Number: NGGDGN03/2 1. Project Summary 1.1. Project Title HyDeploy The project will demonstrate that natural gas containing levels of 1.2. Project hydrogen beyond those in the GS(M)R specification can be Explanation distributed and utilised safely & efficiently for the first time in a section of the UK distribution network. Successful demonstration has the potential to facilitate 29TWh pa of decarbonised heat in the GB, and more by unlocking extensive hydrogen use. 1.3. Funding National Grid Gas Distribution licensee: 1.4.1. The Problem(s) it is exploring 1.4. Project The UK has committed to substantial carbon savings; heat description: contributes to a third of its current emissions. Reducing heating carbon intensity via hydrogen over the gas grid provides a customer-focused solution, but is limited by the current tight GS(M)R UK limits. 1.4.2. The Method(s) that it will use to solve the Problem(s) The first UK practical deployment of hydrogen onto a live gas network since the transition from town gas. Taking advantage of Keele University’s gas network risk manages project delivery and enables a more ambitious trial than would otherwise be achievable. This 3 year project, starting April 2017, is based on the principle of survey, test & trial necessary to secure HSE Exemption to GS(M)R and roll out the testing programme. 1.4.3. The Solution(s) it is looking to reach by applying the Method(s) The project provides a body of practical, referenceable data which is an essential pre-requisite to enable wider deployment of hydrogen and therefore delivery of cost-effective, non-disruptive carbon savings to the customer.
    [Show full text]