Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY OF

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

REPORT

TANDA THERMAL POWER PROJECT, STAGE-II, (2x660 MW) District-Ambedkar Nagar (UP)

Document No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/002 Revision No.: 0

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI

N T P C LIMITED, NEW DELHI (A GOVERNMENT OF INDIA ENTERPRISE)

June, 2009

Summary of Draft Environmental Impact Doc. No.:9562/999/GEG/S/002 Assessment Report for Tanda Thermal Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page: 1 of 11

1.0 INTRODUCTION Tanda Thermal Power Project (TnTPP) was conceived and implemented by Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB) in 1980-81 in District Ambedkar Nagar of Uttar Pradesh. Subsequently, the station was taken over by NTPC in January, 2000. The present capacity of TnTPP is 440 MW (4x110 MW) and the same is under commercial operation. The present proposal is to implement coal based Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 MW) for the benefit Uttar Pradesh and other willing of States/UTs of Northern Region during early XII Plan period. The project is envisaged to be based on Super Critical Technology, which shall generate power at higher efficiency, i.e. with less consumption of coal and water and less generation of pollutants as compared to conventional sub critical units.

2.0 THE SITE AND THE SURROUNDINGS The Tanda project site is located on the right bank of Main Tanda Canal near Bahadurpur village in Ambedkar Nagar District of Utter Pradesh having latitude and longitude of 260 35' 30" N and 820 35’ 40” E respectively. The site is approachable from Tanda - Faizabad State Highway. Nearest railway station Akbarpur is at a distance of 20 kms on Faizabad-Shahganj section of Northern Central railways. The nearest commercial airport at Lucknow is located at a distance of approximately 240 kms from the project site.

3.0 PROJECT COMPONENTS 3.1 Land Requirement Tanda TPP, Stage-II shall be established within the existing premises of Tanda TPP, Stage-I. However, about 715 acres of additional land (about 175 acres for main plant and about 540 acres for ash disposal and other requirements) is required for Stage-II (2x660 MW) of the project. In-principle land availability clearance has been obtained from Govt. of Uttar Pradesh vide dated 06.12.07.

3.2 Fuel Availability & Requirement Annual coal requirement for Tanda TPP, Stage-II shall be about 6.5 MTPA corresponding to 90% PLF and GCV of 3350 kcal/kg and the same is proposed to be met from Chatti-Bariatu and Kerandari captive coal mining blocks allotted to NTPC in North Karanpura Coalfields. The daily coal requirement shall be about 20,000 tonnes based on 100% plant load factor. The average ash content of coal would be 36% maximum sulphur content in coal would be 0.5%. The envisaged mode of coal transportation from the coal mines to the power plant is by Indian Railways.

3.3 Water Availability and Requirement The source of water for the project is Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river which is at a distance of about 4 kms from the plant boundary.Make up water requirement for this project would be about 4400 m3/hr with ash water re-circulation system and about 6700 m3/h with once through ash water system. The make-up water requirement is estimated as 65 Cusecs for 2x660 MW. Govt. of Uttar Pradesh vide dated 20.08.07 has given

Mantec Consultants (P) Ltd., New Delhi Executive Summary Summary of Draft Environmental Impact Doc. No.:9562/999/GEG/S/002 Assessment Report for Tanda Thermal Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page: 2 of 11

water availability commitment of 65 Cusecs of water from Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river.

4.0 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) In order to identify the impacts due to construction and operation of TnTPP, Stage-II and draw an Environmental Management Plan, a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study has been undertaken through M/S Mantec Consultants Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. The study covers establishment of baseline environmental scenario, assessment of impacts due to Stage-II, and identification of environmental mitigation measures to minimise these impacts. In addition, ash utilisation and management plan, environmental monitoring plan, environmental management plan and disaster management plan have also been briefly covered. The draft Terms of Reference for EIA Study was approved by MOEF vide letter no. J- 13012/96/2007-IA.II(T) dated 01.08.07, in accordance with MOEF Notification dated 14.09.2006 regarding environmental clearance process. The environmental disciplines studied include land-use, demography and socioeconomics, geology and soils, hydrology and water use, water quality, meteorology, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology and noise. The study covered a period of one year from March, 2008 to February, 2009. The study area for EIA comprises of 10 km. radius around Tanda TPP, as shown in Exhibit-1. The study area is generally flat in nature and river Ghaghra (also known as saryu) flows from North-West to East direction almost in the middle of the study area. The study area falls in Ambedkar Nagar (South of Ghaghra river) and Basti (North of Ghaghra river) districts of Uttar Pradesh and it is rural in nature.

5.0 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 5.1 Land Use The land use pattern of the study area has been established on the basis of census data of 2001 and satellite imagery of 2008. As per satellite imagery, agricultural land is the major constituents of the study area covering 65.76% of the study area. The built up land comprises of about 25.23%, plantations (small, scattered patches) cover 4.16%, waste lands cover 1.98% and water bodies cover 2.87% of the study area. As per Census Data of 2001, the agricultural land accounts for 68.35% of the study area, forests (artificial plantations) cover about 1.24% and non agricultural land 27.18% of the study area. Government canals and tube wells are the main sources of irrigation for agricultural area. No important archaeological, historical, cultural, aesthetic, religious and ecologically sensitive areas exist within 25 km from NTPC.

5.2 Water Use There is only one natural water body within the study area i.e Ghaghra River, also known as Saryu over the stretch of sacred town of Ayodhya to Belghat on the border of Gorakhpur. During the rains it carries an immense flow, but in dry weather it shrinks to small dimensions. The study area has extensive network of irrigation canals. In addition to the canals, the ground water resources are also exploited for domestic and irrigation purposes through a number of open dug wells and tube-wells seen in the study area.

5.3 Demography and Socio Economics Demographic and socio-economic profile of the study area is based on Census data for the year 2001. There are 238 villages and one municipal block falling under the study area with a total population of 2,56,974. The sex ratio is 1000 (Males):928 (females) and average family size is about 7 persons per house. The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 23.2% of the total population while Schedule Tribe (ST) population is negligible. The total number of literates within the study area is 49.5% of total population. Total number of main workers in the study area is 58,094 (22.5% of total population). Total number of marginal workers in study area is 20,228, which is approximately 7.9 % of the total population and total number of non-worker population is 1,78,592 which is 69.5% of the total population. The study area as a whole possesses medium level of infrastructural facilities.

5.4 Hydro-Geology The general topography of the study area is flat and it is situated in Tarai region, i.e. low valley of river Ghaghra. Ghagra river originates in the southern slopes of the Himalayas near Manasarowar Lake in Tibetan plateau, and it finally joins the Ganges at Chapra in Bihar, after traversing a distance of about 1080 km. Ghaghra is an important tributary of the Ganges. Ghaghra river flows in the form of continually shifting channel within a broad sandy bed, due to large islands are formed within the river bed. The study area is underlain by Quaternary alluvium brought by Ghaghra and its tributaries. It comprises of various grades of alluvium, gravel, kankar and clay. The upper belt is called 'Uparhar' and the soil texture is yellowish clay. The basin land of the rivers is mostly sandy soil, and the land adjacent to the rivers is sandy loam. The study area has four tier aquifer system. The ground water occurs under unconfined to confined conditions. The pre-monsoon depth ranges from 2.5 to 6.19 mbgl while post- monsoon depth to water table varies from 1.20 to 6.98 mbgl. The flood plains bordering Ghaghra river have shallow water table at about 2 mbgl. The study area still has potential for further ground water development.

5.5 Soils The entire study area is covered with thick alluvial soils brought by river Ghaghra and its tributaries. The main type of soils are the loamy or dumat, the clayey or matar and the sandy soil, found along the high banks of river Ghaghra. Soils are calcareous and the native vegetation consists of shrubs and low grasses. The fertility of the soil is medium to moderate. Two seasonal sampling and analysis of soil samples were undertaken at ten locations within the study area. The results of the analysis indicates that the soils are sandy loam/ loamy sand type. The soils are alkaline in nature and clay content of the soil is high (around 20-30%) at most of the locations.

5.6 Water Quality Surface and ground water quality within the study area was established through monthly monitoring of physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of water sources at

seven locations (two on Ghaghra river and five in ground water) during the study period. In addition, the quality of treated effluents from Stage-I of the project was also monitored at three locations. Although the physico-chemical characteristics of Ghaghra River water are very good, conforming to drinking water standards, the water shows significant bacteriological contamination. The river water is fit for drinking after conventional treatment and disinfection. The ground water quality conforms to drinking water standards at all the five locations. The effluent quality conforms to the discharge standards.

5.7 Meteorology Climatological parameters recorded during the period 1951-1980 at India Meteorological Department (IMD) Observatory at Faizabad (located at about 45 km East of the project) have been used to establish general meteorological regime of the study area while meteorological data recorded at site during the monitoring period has been used for interpretation of the baseline scenario as well as for input to prediction model for air quality. The IMD data indicate that the study area has a hot and humid tropical climate. The annual mean maximum and minimum temperature recorded at Faizabad were 32.0°C and 18.5°C respectively. About 88% of the normal Rainfall is received during monsoon month i.e June to September. The average annual rainfall is 1126.1 mm and there are average 49.9 rainy day in the year. The rainiest month is August and the driest month is November. The average temperature recorded at site was 25°C, with the daily maximum temperature 39.5°C and minimum daily temperature 5.1°C. The monthly mean wind speed varies from 1.15 to 7.91 Km/hr respectively and calm condition exists for 28% of the time. The predominant wind directions are from West, South-West and North-East.

5.8 Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality was monitored at Six locations around the project, for total suspended particulate matters (TSPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur dioxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during the study period. The monitoring results (Table 5.1) indicate that the air quality is well within the Ambient Air Quality Standards for Residential and Rural Areas.

Table 5.1: Ambient Air Quality Characteristics of the Study Area Parameters Min. of all Max. of all Average of all Observations Observations Observations (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) SPM 52 178 118.66 RPM 28 81 51.31 SO2 4 14 8.51 NOx 5 25 13.63

5.9 Terrestrial Ecology The study area is an intensively cultivated agricultural area and natural vegetation occurs in scattered patches mostly on vacant plots around agricultural fields and on wasteland. A few common plants were also observed on slopes of drains and along the edge of the roads. Among most common trees found in the area are neem (Azadirachta indica), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), jamun (Eugenia jambolana), shahtoot (Morus alba), mango (Mangifera indica), and babul (Acacia arabica). Mango and guava orchards are seen scattered over the entire area. Ornamental trees found in gardens and groves are usually those of Kachnar, Gulmohar, Ashok, Amaltas, and Chameli. There are a few patches of man-made forests, which mainly consist of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), Babool (Acacia spp.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica). The major agricultural crops are wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and millets (Sorghum vulgare). A number of leguminous crops are grown for crop rotation purpose such as moong (Phaseolus mungo), masoor (Lens culnaris), arhar (Cajanus cajan), gram (Cicer arietinum), and pea (Pisum sativum). Cash crops like sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are also grown in the area. The study area harbours mainly domestic animals. In absence of natural forests in the study area as shown in satellite imaginary and also confirmed by Forest Department, Ambedkar Nagar District, no wild animals are found in the study area. There are no Wildlife Sanctuary or National Park existing within a radius of 25 km. from the Project and no endangered species of flora and fauna has been observed in the study area.

5.10 Aquatic Ecology Ghaghra river is the only natural water bodies in the study area, which supports aquatic ecosystem. The aquatic ecology of Ghaghra river was monitored at three locations. The phytoplankton groups observed consists of families Spyrogyra, Oscillatoria, Bacteriastrum, Nitselia, Navicula and Rhizosolenia while the zooplanktons observed consist of Favella, Didhyes, Bivalve, Gastropod, Copepod, Brachious, Nannocalanus and Centropages. The commercially important fishes reported in the river are Catla catla, Tor mosal, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, Labeo gonius, Labeo bata. etc. There are no commercial fishing grounds and spawning and breeding areas of the fishes in the area.

5.11 Noise Two seasonal noise surveys was undertaken in the study area to assess the background noise levels in different zones viz., Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones. Ten (10) locations spread over an area of 5 kms radius from the project were selected for noise level measurement. The noise level varied between 38.5 and 52.5 dB (A) during daytime and 33.6 to 48.3 dB(A) during night time.

6.0 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.1 Land Use An area of about 715 acres is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II. The land acquisition will have a direct impact on the change in land use pattern of the land, which will be converted to industrial use. Changes in land use due to influx of labours and

construction activities, if any, shall be temporary and restricted to construction sites only. However, this will be negligible as the project site is already fully developed. Development activity also induces changes in land use pattern of the adjoining areas because of the increased availability of infrastructural facilities, increase in commercial activities. However, as Stage-I of the project is already existing for about three decades, it is anticipated that these impacts shall be negligible.

6.2 Water Use and Hydrology Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II will abstract its entire water requirement (65 cusec) from Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river, which is an irrigation canal. The flow of the canal is regulated by UP Irrigation Department, which has already given commitment for the supply of 65 cusecs of water considering other users in the downstream side. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be no significant impact on the hydrology and water use of the area.

6.3 Demography and Socio Economics About 715 acres of land is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II of the project. A detailed socio-economic survey of the persons affected due to land acquisition for the project shall be conducted. A Rehabilitation Plan shall be drawn in line with the R&R Policies of NTPC and Govt. of India, in consultation with the State Government and Project Affected Persons and the same shall be implemented at site.

6.4 Soils The impact of Tanda TPP, Stage-II is envisaged to be negligible, as incremental ground level concentration of SPM due to emissions from the project is predicted to be 2.58 3 µg/m only and resultant maximum ground level concentration of SO2 is well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

6.5 Water Quality Construction activities may have temporary effect on the turbidity and suspended soilds content of receiving water body, i.e. Ghaghra river, especially during monsoons. However, as site development activities and infrastructural development (like roads, storage areas for construction material, drainage etc.) have already been undertaken during Stage-I, and construction activities will be limited to small areas only, such impacts due to Stage-II, will be minimal. While developing the water system for the project, utmost care has been taken to maximise the recycle/ reuse of effluents and minimize effluent quantity. Tn TPP, Stage- II would have a recirculatory cooling system with cooling towers and entire cooling tower blow down shall be used for ash handling, service water, coal dust suppression and fire fighting. Therefore, no thermal impact on the receiving water body is anticipated. The effluents from main plant (Boiler Blowdown and Ash Water Blow Down) shall be treated and routed through a Central Monitoring Basin, where further equalisation will take place. Sanitary effluents from main plant and township will be treated in a sewage treatment plant.

All the effluents emanating from the project shall conform to the standards laid down by MOEF and UPPCB. Therefore, there will be no significant impact on the water quality of Ghaghra river. For disposal of unused ash, wet disposal system with ash water recirculation has been envisaged. NTPC has conducted several geo-hydrological studies of the ash disposal areas at its projects (Singrauli, Rihand, Vindhyachal, Korba, Farakka and Talcher) through reputed institutions like Indian Institutes of Technology, Roorkee and Mumbai, Centre for Studies on Man and Environment, Calcutta. All these studies conclude that the leaching of heavy metals from ash occurs only under pH 4 or below. In practice, the pH of the ash water is either neutral or alkaline (7 or above) and hence the leaching of heavy metals is highly unlikely.

6.6 Air Quality Particulate matter and NOx (due to excavations, handling and transport of earth and construction materials, movement of construction equipment and traffic etc.) will be the main pollutant during the construction phase. However, the impact is likely to be for short duration and limited to the construction site only. Prediction of short term impacts on air quality due to stack emissions has been carried out using Industrial Source Complex [ISC3] 1993 simulation model, developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. The model simulations deal with three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) emitted from the stack.

The maximum predicted incremental ground level concentrations (GLCs) for SPM, SO2 and NOx due to operation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II are 2.58, 44.78 and 19.16 µg/m3 respectively (Table 6.1) and these were observed in the South-East direction at distance of 3.6 km. The maximum GLCs for SO2 and NOx after implementation of Stage-II, are estimated to be within the ambient air quality standards for rural and residential areas. Table 6.1 : Resultant Maximum Ground Level Concentration after Implementation of Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Maximum AAQ Maximum Incremental Resultant Pollutant Concentration recorded Concentration due to Concentration during study with Stage-I in Stage-II (µg/m3) Operation (µg/m3). (µg/m3) SPM 178 2.58 180.58

SO2 14 44.78 58.78 NOx 25 19.16 44.16

4. Installation of dust suppression and extraction system at coal handling plant area to control fugitive dust. 5. Plantation and afforestation in the available spaces. 6. Water spraying at all dust generation areas viz., the coal and ash handling areas. 7. Water cover over the entire ash pond area.

6.7 Terrestrial Ecology As only 715 acres of additional land is proposed to be acquired for Tanda TPP, Stage-II, which is agricultural in nature, the direct impacts on ecology of the study area (e.g. loss of flora and fauna) is likely to be insignificant. As the study area is devoid of natural forests, the overall impacts on terrestrial ecosystem will be negligible. Further, as site and infrastructural facilities are already developed, constructional activities will be confined to project site for Stage-II and the impact would be marginal in scale. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts would, however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and would be minimised through water sprinkling. Deposition of fly ash may interrupt gaseous exchange through leaves, thereby affecting plant growth However, the impact of Stage-II is envisaged to be negligible, as incremental ground level concentration of SPM due to emissions from Stage-II is predicted to be 2.58 µg/m3 only. The predicted maximum incremental ground level 3 concentration of SO2 (due to operation of Stage-II) is 44.78 µg/m resulting into 3 resultant maximum ground level concentration of SO2 as 58.78 µg/m . This is well within the Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality. Since most of the tree species occurring in the area are deciduous, they have high Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), and therefore impact of SO2 will not be significant.

6.8 Aquatic Ecology Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II will draw water from Tanda Main Canal, which is an artificial water body and does not support any aquatic resource of importance. The water system of the project has been designed with maximum recycle/ reuse of water, and a very small quantity shall be drawn as a make-up to the system. Therefore, there is no likelihood of entrapment or impingement of phytoplankton/ zooplankton in the water intake system. Further, as the project will have a close cycle cooling system with cooling towers and clarified water as make-up to the cooling system, there will be no thermal impact on aquatic ecosystem due to operation of the project. A small quantity of treated effluents conforming to the regulatory standards shall only be discharged into natural water course, leading to Ghaghra River. It has been concluded that there will be no significant impact on the water quality due to discharge of effluents. It may, therefore, be concluded that there would be no impact on aquatic life of the river.

6.9 Noise The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic and construction equipment, which generate noise ranging between 75-90 dB(A). The

predicted noise level due to operation of such equipment at a distance of 1 km from the source is 37.4 dB(A). The ambient noise level recorded during field studied in the near by area located at a distance of 1 km from the main plant ranges between 39.5–52.5 dB(A). As the ambient noise levels are higher than the predicted noise levels, due to masking effect, no increase in the ambient noise levels during construction phase is envisaged Thus, there would not be any adverse impact due to construction and operation of the plant on the residents in the nearby villages. However, workers within the construction area and plant area, may be affected due to high noise levels. Adequate protective measures in the form of ear-muffs / ear plugs/ masks shall be provided to such persons, which will minimise / eliminate such adverse impacts. In addition, reduction in noise levels shall also be achieved through built-in design requirements to produce minimum noise, proper lay out design, adding the sound barriers, use of enclosures with suitable absorption material etc.. Provision of green belt and afforestation will further help in reducing the noise levels.

7.0 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Lay out plan of Tanda TPP, Stage-I was designed by UPSEB. Main Plant and Township for Tanda TPP, Stage-II are proposed to be located within the premises of existing plant boundary for Tanda TPP, Stage-I. Therefore, there is no space available for separate raising of Green Belts for Stage-I and II. Mass scale afforestation and plantation activities have already been implemented under Stage-I of the project and the same is planned in balance available spaces under Stage-II. In order to compensate for non-availability of area for plantation, the plantation activities are also being undertaken in the surrounding villages, with the help of State Forest Department. So far (from 2000 to 2008), more than 1,80,000 trees have been planted.

8.0 ASH UTILISATION AND ASH DISPOSAL NTPC shall take all possible actions to utilize the ash, such as facilities for 100% extraction of dry fly ash, segregation of coarse and fine ash and fly ash storage and loading facilities; providing infrastructural facilities to the entrepreneurs; encourage utilization of ash based products in NTPC’s own construction activities. The un-utilised fly ash, if any, and bottom ash shall be disposed off in the a well designed ash dyke using wet slurry disposal system. The ash disposal system will have facilities for ash water recirculation. At the end, it is proposed to cover entire ash disposal area by plantation.

9.0 ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING PLAN An environmental monitoring programme is already under implementation at Tanda TPP, Stage-I and the data is being regularly submitted to UP Pollution Control Board. The existing monitoring plan shall be strengthened to include the new units of Stage-II. An environmental monitoring programme has been developed for Stage-II with the objectives of assessing the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during operation

of the project; monitoring the effective implementation of mitigatory measures envisaged and warning of any significant deterioration in environmental quality so that additional mitigatory measures may be planned in advance. The data generated shall be submitted to UP Pollution Control Board/ Ministry of Environment and Forests regularly.

10.0 DISASTER MANAGENMENT PLAN The EIA Report includes a Disaster Management Plan covering elements of emergency planning like organization, communication, coordination, procedure, accident reporting, safety review checklist, on-site emergency plan and off-site emergency plan. A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for Stage-I has already been prepared and implemented at Tanda TPP for the existing units, specifying responsibilities at various levels to be discharged in case of an emergency. The DMP at site shall be strengthened suitably to include Stage-II units, based on recommendation of DMP included in EIA Report.

11.0 PROJECT BENEFITS The present proposed project would meet the power shortage of Uttar Pardesh and other willing States/ UTs of Northern Region, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved power supply will reduce the dependence of general public and commercial establishments on DG Sets thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels In addition, construction and operation of the project would benefit local people with respect to the following:- • Increase in employment opportunity in skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled categories. • Increase in employment/ self employment avenues in service sector. • Availability of large quantities of ash for the cement and construction industries, helping in conservation of land resources.

12.0 ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An Environment Management Plan for construction and operation phases of Tanda STPP, Stage-II has been prepared. An Environment Management Group (EMG) already exists at Tanda TPP, which will be strengthened for implementation of proposed mitigation measures for Stage-II. Environmental Management Group shall act as coordinator for environmental matters. This group shall act as a nodal agency for various groups at project and Env. Management Groups at Northern Region Headquarters and Corporate Center of NTPC level as well as outside agencies like UP Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment and Forests. A provision of Rs. 715.30 Crores has been kept in Feasibility Report towards implementation of environment protection measures for the proposed project.

13.0 CONCLUSIONS Based on the above, it is concluded that the adverse environmental impacts due to construction and operation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II can be mitigated to an acceptable level by implementation of various mitigatory measures envisaged. The benefits of the project are much more significant than its environmental impacts.

Exhibit-I: Map of Study Area for EIA Study for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW)

Mantec Consultants (P) Ltd., New Delhi Executive Summary pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana ³D/aFT irpaoT-´ ka saaraMSa

TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-II ³2x660 maogaavaaT´ Ambaodkr nagar

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TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

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1.0 piryaaojanaa ka ivavarNa TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T kI sqaapnaa vaYa- 1980-81 maoM ]

2.0 piryaaojanaa sqala evaM inakTvatI- xao~ TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T ]

3.0 piryaaojanaa ko GaTk 3.1 BaUima kI AavaSyakta evaM ]plabQata TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-II kI sqaapnaa TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-I ko vat-maana pirsar maoM hI kI jaaegaI. ikntu sToja-II ko mau#ya saMyaM~ tqaa raK inastarNa xao~ Aaid ko inamaa-Na hotu 715 ekD, Aitir@t BaUima ka AiQaga`hNa p`staivat hO.]

3.2 [-MQana kI AavaSyakta evaM ]plabQata AaOsat sakla kOlaaoirifk maana 3,350 iklaaokOlaaorI p`it ikga`a tqaa 90% PlaaMT laaoD fO@Tr ko AaQaar pr kaoyalao kI vaaiYa-k AavaSyakta lagaBaga 6.5 imailayana Tna haogaI ijasakI AapUit- naaqa- krnapura kaolafIlD\sa isqat enaTIpIsaI kI C

3.3 jala kI AavaSyakta evaM ]plabQata pàojao@T ko ilae jala ka p`staivat saàot saryaU nadI sao inaklanao vaalaI mau#ya TaNDa pmp kOnaala hO jaao piryaaojanaa sqala sao lagaBaga 4 ikmaI kI dUrI pr isqat hO. pàojao@T ko ilae pUit- jala kI AavaSyakta raK jala pirsaMcarNa p`NaalaI ko saaqa lagaBaga 4,400 Gana maITr pìt GaMTo tqaa raK jala pirsaMcarNa p`NaalaI ko ibanaa lagaBaga 6,700 Gana maITr pìt GaMTo haogaI. ]

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4.0 pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana AQyayana TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T, sToja-II ko inamaa-Na evaM p`caalana ko karNa pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`BaavaaoM kI phcaana tqaa pìtkUla AiQap`BaavaaoM ko p`Samana hotu pyaa-varNaIya p`baMQana yaaojanaa ko ina$pNa hotu ek “pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana” AQyayana ikyaa jaa rha hO. AQyayana ko ilae maOnTok knsalTonT\sa pà[vaoT ilaimaToD, na[- idllaI kao salaahkar inayau@t ikyaa gayaa. AQyayana ko Antga-t AaQaarBaUt pyaa-varNaIya pirdRSya ka inaQaa-rNa¸ sToja-II ko AiQap`BaavaaoM ka pUvaa-naumaana tqaa [na AiQap`BaavaaoM ko nyaUnaIkrNa hotu pyaa-varNaIya p`Samana ]payaaoM kI phcaana Saaimala hOM. [sako Aitir@t raK ]pyaaoigata evaM p`baMQana yaaojanaa pyaa-varNa p`baaoQana yaaojanaa pyaa-varNa p`baMQana yaaojanaa evaM Aapda p`baMQa yaaojanaa ka saMixaPt ina$pNa saimmailat hOM. [- Aa[- e AiQasaUcanaa idnaaMk 14.09.2006 ko Antga-t pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava ko D/aFT Tmsa- Aa^f rofronsa kI saMstuit Baart sarkar ko pyaa-varNa evaM vana maM~alaya ko p~aMk J-13012/96/2007-IA.II(T) idnaaMk 01.08.07 Wara p`dana kr dI ga[- hO. AQyayana ko Antga-t p`mau#a pya-avarNaIya GaTkaoM jaOsao BaU ]pyaaoga, janasaaMi#yakI evaM saamaaijak Aaiqa-kI, BaUgaBa- iva&ana evaM maRda,, jala iva&ana evaM jala ]pyaaoga, jala gauNava%ta, maaOsama iva&ana, vaayau gauNava

5.0 AaQaarBaUt pyaa-varNaIya pirdRSya 5.1 BaUima ka ]pyaaoga AQyayana xao~ maoM BaUima ko ]pyaaoga ka pOTna- 2001 kI janagaNanaa ko AaM^kD,aoM tqaa ]pga`h sao pàPt ica~ ko ivaSlaoYaNa ko AaQaar pr sqaaipt ikyaa gayaa hO. ]pga`h sao pàPt ica~ ko Anausaar AQyayana xao~ maoM kRiYa BaUima ka pìtSat 65.76% hO, AabaadI BaUima ka pìtSat lagaBaga 25.23% h,O vanaaraopNa 4.16% xao~fla pr isqat hOM, baMjar BaUima ka pìtSat 1.98% hO tqaa nadI evaM jalaraiSayaaoM ko Antga-t BaUima ka pìtSat 2.87% hO. 2001 kI janagaNanaa ko Aa^MkD,aoM ko Anausaar AQyayana xao~ maoM kRiYa BaUima ka pìtSat 68.35% hO, vanaaraopNa 1.24% xao~fla pr isqat hOM, jabaik 27.18% BaUima kRiYa ko ilae ]plabQa nahIM hO. sarkarI nahroM tqaa nalakUp isaMcaa[- hotu jala ko p`mauK saàot hOM. piryaaojanaa ko 25 ikmaI kI piriQa maoM kao[- mah%vapUNa- puratai%vak, eoithaisak, saaMskRitk, dRSyaa%mak, Qaaima-k yaa pairisqaitk $p sao saMvaodnaSaIla sqala nahIM hO.

5.2 jala ka ]pyaaoga AQyayana xao~ maoM GaaGara nadI ekmaa~ p`akRitk jalaraiSa hO ijasao AyaaoQyaa sao baolaGaaT tk saryaU ko naama sao BaI jaanaa jaata hO. vaYaa- ?tuu maoM tao [samaoM ivaSaala p`vaah haota hO laoikna saUKo maaOsama maoM yah isakuD, jaatI hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM isaMcaa[- nahraoM ka vyaapk jaala hO. GarolaU AavaSyaktaAaoM tqaa isaMcaa[- ko ilae nahraoM ko Alaavaa kuAaoM tqaa nalakUpaoM Wara BaUgaBa- jala ka BaI ]pyaaoga ikyaa jaata hO.

5.3 janasaaMi#yakI evaM saamaaijak Aaiqa-k pyaa-varNa AQyayana xao~ ko janasaaMi#yakI evaM saamaaijak Aaiqa-k pyaa-varNa ka pirdRSya 2001 kI janagaNanaa ko Aa^MkD,aoM ko AaQaar pr sqaaipt ikyaa gayaa hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM 238 gaa^Mva tqaa ek myaUinaisapla blaa^k hOM ijanakI kula TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

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janasaM#yaa 2,56,974 hO. xao~ maoM pu$YaaoM tqaa maihlaaAaoM ka ilaMgaanaupat p`it 1000 pu$YaaoM pr 928 maihlaaAaoM ka hO tqaa pirvaar ka AaOsat Aakar 7 sadsyaaoM ka hO. AQyayana xao~ maoMM AnausaUicat jaait kI janasaM#yaa kula janasaM#yaa kI 23.2% hO tqaa AnausaUicat janajaait kI janasaM#yaa nagaNya hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM saaxarta dr kula janasaM#yaa ka 49.5% hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM mau#ya kamagaaraoM kI kula saM#yaa 58,094 hO, jaao kula janasaM#yaa ka 22.5% hO. saImaant kamagaaraoM kI kula saM#yaa 20,228 hO, jaao kula janasaM#yaa ka 7.9% hO tqaa gaOr kamagaaraoM kI kula saM#yaa 1,78,592 hO, jaao kula janasaM#yaa ka 69.5% hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM AaQaarBaUt sauivaQaae^M AaOsat str kI hOM.

5.4 BaUgaBa- iva&ana AaOr jala iva&ana AQyayana xao~ saamaanyatyaasamatla hO tqaa tra[- xao~ Aqaa-t\ GaaGara nadI kI inacalaI GaaTI maoM isqat hO. GaaGara nadI itbbat ko pzaraoM maoM maanasaraovar JaIla ko inakT ihmaalaya pva-t ko dixaNaI ZalaaoM sao inaklatI hO tqaa lagaBaga 1080 ikmaI bahnao ko baad AMt maoM ibahar rajya maoM Cpra ko samaIp gaMgaa nadI maoM imala jaatI hO. GaaGara nadI gaMgaa kO ek mah%vapUNa- sahayak nadI hO jaao caaOD,o balaue paT maoM Apnaa maaga- inarMtr badlatI rhtI hO ijasako karNa nadI ko paT ko Andr baD,o baD,o WIp bana jaato hOM. AQyayana xao~ ko naIcao GaaGara tqaa [sakI sahayak naidyaaoM Wara baha kr laae gae @vaaTna-rI elauivayama ivaVmaana hOM jaao elauivayama kI ivaiBanna EaoiNayaa^M ga`Ovaola kMkr tqaa icaknaI ima+I sao imala kr banao hOM. [saka }prI ihssaa ]prahar khlaata hO ijasakI ima+I pIlao rMga kI icaknaI ima+I hO. naidyaaoM ko baoisana kI ima+I AiQakaMSatyaa balau[- ima+I hO tqaa naidyaaoM ko Aasa pasa kI ima+I balau[- daomaT hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM ei@vafr kI caar sathoM hOM. BaUgaBa- jala Anknfa[nD sao laokr knfa[nD dSaaAaoM maoM payaa jaata hO. vaYaa- pUva- kala maoM BaUgaBa- jala ka str BaUima tla sao 2.5-6.19 maITr naIcao rhta hO jabaik vaYaao-

5.5 maRda sampUNa- AQyayana xao~ GaaGara tqaa [sakI sahayak naidyaaoM Wara baha kr laa[- ga[- jalaoZ, imai+yaaoM kI maaoTI prt sao Zka hO. imai+yaaoM ko p`mauK p`kar daomaT maTr tqaa balau[- hOM. imai+yaa^MM saamaanyatyaa kOlsarsa hOM tqaa yaha^M kI sqaanaIya vanaspityaaoM maoM JaiD,yaa^M tqaa GaasaoM hOM. ]va-rta ko AaQaar pr ima+I AaOsat djao- kI hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM dao baar dsa sqaanaaoM pr imai+yaaoM ko namaUnao ilae gae tqaa [nako ivaSlaoYaNa ike gae. ivaSlaoYaNa ko pirNaama yah p`diSa-t krto hOM ik imai+yaa^M balau[- daomaT hOM. imai+yaaoM kI p`kRit xaarIya hO tqaa AiQakaMSa sqaanaaoM pr [namaoM icaknaI ima+I ka AMSa AiQak hO.

5.6 jala kI gauNava

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5.7 maaOsama iva&ana piryaaojanaa sqala kI jalavaayau ka vaNa-na BaartIya maaOsamaiva&ana ivaBaaga Wara 1951-80 maoM fOjaabaad maoM AMikt Aa^MkD,aoM ko AaQaar pr ikyaa gayaa hO jaao piryaaojanaa sqala sao lagaBaga 45 ikmaI dUr pUva- idSaa maoM isqat hO. [sako Aitir@t AQyayana ko daOrana p`aojao@T maoM ek svacaailat maaOsamaiva&ana vaoQaSaalaa kao sqaaipt krko BaI Aa^MkD,o ek~ ike gae hOM. [na Aa^MkD,aoM ka ]pyaaoga maaOsama kI vat-maana dSaa kao inaQaa-irt krnao ko saaqa saaqa vaayau kI gauNava

5.8 pirvaoSaI vaayau kI gauNava

pOramaITr samast pòxaNaaoM ka samast pòxaNaaoM ka samast pòxaNaaoM ka nyaUnatma maana AiQaktma maana AaOsat maana (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) esapIema 52 178 118.66 AarpIema 28 81 51.31 esaAao2 4 14 8.51 enaAaoe@sa 5 25 13.63

5.9 sqalaIya pairisqaitkI AQyayana xao~ saGana kRiYa ka xao~ hO tqaa pàkRitk vanaspit KotaoM ko Aasa pasa KalaI jamaIna maoM tqaa baokar pD,I jamaIna maoM hI CaoTo CaoTo BaUKNDaoM maoM pa[- jaatI hO. naalaaoM ko Zlaana tqaa saD,kaoM ko iknaaro vaRxaaoM kI kuC saamaanya p`jaaityaa^M BaI pa[- jaatI hOM. AQyayana xao~ maoM pae jaanao vaalao mau#ya poD, naIma, SaISama, jaamauna, SahtUt, Aama tqaa babaUla hOM. Aama tqaa Ama$d ko baaga caaraoM trf fOlao hOM. baaga bagaIcaaoM maoM pae jaanao vaalao AalaMkairk vaRxaaoM kI p`jaaityaaoM maoM kcanaar, gaulamaaohr, ASaaok, AmalataSa tqaa camaolaI p`mauK hOM. AQyayana xao~ maoM kuC maanava ivakisat vana BaI hOM jaao mau#yatyaa SaISama, yaUkOilaPTsa, babaUla tqaa naIma ko hOM. KotI kI mau#ya fsalaaoM maoM gaohU^M ma@ka Qaana tqaa baajara hOM. [sako Alaavaa dalaaoM kI k[- iksmaoM BaI ]gaa[- jaatI hOM jaOsao maU^Mga masaUr Arhr canaa AaOr maTr. [sako Aitir@t gannaa AalaU kpasa tqaa tmbaakU jaOsaI nakdI fsalaaoM kI BaI KotI haotI hO. AQyayana xao~ maoM mau#yatyaa GarolaU jaanavar hI pae jaato hOM. ]pga`h sao pàPt ica~aoM tqaa vana ivaBaaga sao pàPt saUcana ko AaQaar pr AQyayana xao~ maoM pàkRitk vanaao M ka ABaava hO tqaa vanya jaIva nahIM pae jaato. TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

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piryaaojanaa sao 25 ikmaI kI piriQa maoM kao[- vanyajaIva ABayaarNya yaa raYT/Iya pak- nahIM hO tqaa AQyayana xao~ maoM vanaspit yaa jaIva jantuAaoM kI kao[- dula-Ba yaa ivalauPtSaIla p`jaait nahIM pa[- ga[-.

5.10 jalaIya pairisqaitkI GaaGara nadI AQyayana xao~ ka ek maa~ pàkRitk jalaIya pairisqaitkI tM~ hO. GaaGara nadI maoM jalaIya pairisqaitkI ka maainaTrna tIna sqaanaaoM pr ikyaa gayaa. nadI maoM pae jaanao vaalao padp PlavakaoM kI p`jaaityaaoM maoM spa[raogaa[ra, AaîsalaoTaoiryaa, baO@TIiryaasT/ma, ina%saoilayaa, naOivakulaa tqaa ra[jaaosaaolaoinayaa Aaid p`mauK qao jabaik jantu PlavakaoM kI p`jaaityaaoM maoM fOvaolaa, iDZa[sa, baa[vaalva, gaOsT/aopa^D, kaopopa^D, baÒikAsa, naOnaaokOlaanasa tqaa saonT/aopojaosa Aaid p`mauK qao. vyaavasaaiyak $p sao mah%vapUNa- maCilayaaoM kI p`jaaityaa^M kOTlaa kOTlaa, Taor maaosaala, laaibayaao raoihta, laaîbayaao kOlabasau, laaibayaao gaaoinaAsa tqaa laaibayaao baaTa Aaid hOM. xao~ maoM vyaavasaaiyak ma%sya ]%padna tqaa maCilayaaoM ko ANDjanana yaa p`janana xao~ nahIM hOM.

5.11 Qvaina (Saaor) AQyayana xao~ maoM vat-maana Qvaina str ko maapna ko ilae ivaiBanna xao~aoM jaOsao AavaasaIya AaOVaoigak vyaavasaaiyak tqaa SaaMt xao~aoM maoM dsa sqaanaaoM pr dao Qvaina savao-xaNa ike gae. saBaI sqaanaaoM pr idna tqaa rat ko samaya Qvaina str ËmaSa: 38.5 sao 52.5 DIbaIe tqaa 33.6 sao 48.3 DIbaIe maQya pae gae. Qvaina str pirvaoSaI vaayau maoM Qvaina ko ilae raYT/Iya maanakaoM ko Anau$p hOM.

6.0 pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`BaavaaoM kI AaSaMka AaOr p`Samana ]paya 6.1 BaUima ka ]pyaaoga sToja-II ko ilae lagaBaga 715 ekD, BaUima ko AiQaga`hNa ka p`stava hO. BaUima ko AiQaga`hNa ko karNa BaUima ko vat-maana ]pyaaoga pr p`%yaxa AiQap`Baava haogaa tqaa yah BaUima AaOVaoigak ]pyaaoga hotu pirvait-t hao jaaegaI. inamaa-Na kayaao-M tqaa inamaa-Na kaya-balaaoM ko Aava`jana ko karNa BaUima ko ]pyaaoga pr AiQap`Baava, yaid kao[- huAa tao AsqaayaI haogaa AaOr inamaa-Na xao~ tk hI saIimat rhogaa.saaqa hI yah AiQap`Baava saIimat haogaa @yaaoMik piryaaojanaasqala phlao sao hI ivakisat hO. ivakasa kayaao-M ko karNa Aasa pasa ko xao~ maoM BaUima ko ]pyaa-ga maoM praoxa p`Baava BaI pD, sakto hOM @yaaoMik AaQaarBaUt sauivaQaaAaoM maoM sauQaar haota hO tqaa vyaavasaaiyak gaitivaiQayaa^M BaI baZ, jaatI hOM. caU^Mik piryaaojanaa ka sToja-I tIna dSakaoM sao sqaaipt hO At: [na AiQap`BaavaaoM kI AaSaMka nagaNya hO.

6.2 jala ]pyaaoga AaOr jala iva&ana TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja -II ko ilae pUit- jala kI sampUNa- AavaSyakta saryaU nadI pr isqat TaNDa mau#ya pmp kOnaala sao inaYkiYa-t kI jaaegaI jaao isaMcaa[- kI nahr hO. nahr maoM jala ko p`vaah ka inayaM~Na ]

6.3 jana saaMi#yakI AaOr saamaaijak Aaiqa-kI TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja -II ko ilae lagaBaga 715 ekD, BaUima ko AiQaga`hNa ka p`stava hO. AiQaga`hNa sao p`Baaivat vyai@tyaaoM ka ek ivastRt saamaaijak Aaiqa-k savao-xaNa ikyaa jaaegaa. p`Baaivat vyai@tyaaoM kI punasqaa-pnaa hotu enaTIpIsaI tqaa Baart sarkar kI punasqaa-pnaa evaM punavaa-sa naIityaaoM ko AaQaar pr rajya sarkar ko pramaSa- sao tqaa p`Baaivat vyai@tyaaoM ko saaqa imalakr ek kaya-Ëma banaayaa jaaegaa tqaa [sao piryaaojanaasqala pr TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

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kayaa-invat ikyaa jaaegaa.

6.4 maRda TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja-II ka AiQap`Baava nagaNya Anaumaainat hO @yaaoMik piryaaojanaa ko ]%saja-naaoM ko karNa saspoMDoD paiT-kulaoT maOTr (esa pI ema) ko BaUstrIya saMad`Na maoM AiQaktma vaRiw maa~ 2.58 µg/m3 haogaI tqaa salfr Da[ Aa@saa[D ka pirNaamaI BaUstrIya saMad`Na pirvaoSaI vaayau ko BaartIya maanakaoM sao kafI kma hO.

6.5 jala kI gauNava

6.6 vaayau kI gauNava

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saarNaI 6.1: TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T sToja-II ko kayaa-nvayana ko ]prant pirNaamaI AiQaktma BaUstrIya saaMd`Na p`dUYak AQyayana ko samaya pirvaoSaaI vaayau p`staivat pàojao@T ko karNa pirNaamaI saaMd`Na maoM maaipt AiQaktma saaMd`Na saaMd`Na maoM AiQaktma vaRiw (maa[kàogaàma pìt GanamaI) (maa[kàogaàma pìt GanamaI) (maa[kàogaàma pìt GanamaI) esapIema 178 2.58 180.58 esaAao2 14 44.78 58.78 enaAaoe@sa 25 19.16 44.16

TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja-II sao haonao vaalao vaayau p`dUYaNa kao inayaMi~t krnao ko ilae inamnailaiKt ]paya ike jaanao ka p`stava hO: • esa pI ema ]%saja-na kao 100 mg/Nm3 tk saIimat krnao ko ilae ]cca xamata vaalao [- esa pI. • p`dUYakaoM ko vyaapk p`sarNa ko ilae 275 maITr }^McaI icamanaI ijasasao BaUstrIya saaMd`Na kma hao. • BaivaYya maoM AavaSyakta pD,nao pr FlaU gaOsa ivasalfIkrna (efjaIDI) lagaanao ko ilae sqaana ka p`avaQaana. • ]D,naSaIla QaUlakNaaoM kao inayaMi~t krnao ko ilae kaoyalaa p`hstna saMyaM~ xao~ maoM QaUlakNa ]nmaUlana evaM inaYkY-aNa tM~ lagaanaa. • piryaaojanaa ko caaraoM Aaor tqaa Andr saBaI ]plabQa sqaanaaoM pr vaRxaaraopNa. • saBaI ]D,naSaIla QaUla ]%padna xao~aoM Aqaa-t kaoyalaa evaM raK p`hstna xao~aoM maoM jala fuhark. • raK talaaba ko pUro xao~ maoM jala ka AavarNa.

6.7 sqalaIya pairisqaitkI TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T sToja-II ko ilae kovala 715 ekD, BaUima ko AiQaga`hNa ka p`stava hO jaao kRiYa BaUima hO. At: sqalaIya pairisqaitkI pr kao[- ivaSaoYa p`%yaxa AiQap`Baava ³vanaspityaaoM yaa jaIva jantuAaoM kI p`jaaityaaoM ka )asa´ nahIM haogaa. caUMîk AQyayana xao~ pàkRitk vana riht hO At: sqalaIya pairisqaitkI pr kula p`Baava nagaNya haogaa. [sako Aitir@t caU^Mik piryaaojanaa sqala tqaa AaQaarBaUt sauivaQaae^M phlao sao hI ivakisat hOM At: inaama-Na kaya- sToja-II ko xao~ maoM hI saIimat haoMgao tqaa AiQap`Baava BaI saIimat haoMgao. inamaa-Na kayaa-oM sao ]%pnna QaUla vanaspityaaoM pr jamaa haonao ko karNa p`kaSa saMSlaoYaNa ik`yaa kao AsqaayaI $p sao mand kr saktI hO. tqaaip yah inamaa-Na xao~ ko AarMiBak samaya tk hI saIimat haogaa AaOr [sao jala iCD,kava Wara nyaUnatma kr idyaa jaaegaa. p`caalana ko samaya icamanaI sao ]%saija-t ]D,naSaIla raK ko kNa vanaspityaaoM pr jamaa hao sakto hOM AaOr [nako ivakasa kao p`Baaivat kr sakto hOM. tqaaip sToja-II ko karNa vaayau kI gauNava

6.8 jalaIya pairisqaitkI TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T sToja-II ko ilae jala kI AapUit- TaNDa mau#ya nahr sao kI jaaegaI jaao ek kRi~m,a jala raiSa hO AaOr mah%vapUNa- jalaIya jaIva jantuAaoM sao riht hO. saaqa hI pàojao@T kI jala p`NaalaI ka ivakasa krto samaya jala ko AiQaktma puna:saMcarNa tqaa puna:]pyaaoga ka Qyaana rKa gayaa hO AaOr pUit- jala kI bahut kma maa~a ka hI inaYkYa-Na ikyaa jaaegaa. At: jala inaYkYa-Na tM~ maoM padp¹PlavakaoM¸ pàiNa¹PlavakaoM yaa CaoTo jaIva¹jantuAaoM ko f^Msanao yaa Tkranao kI AaSaMka nahIM hO. [sako Aitir@t piryaaojanaa maoM kUilaMga Tavar vaalaa @laaojD saayaikla TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

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kUilaMga isasTma lagaayaa jaanaa p`staivat hO ijasamaoM @laOirfa[D jala pUit- jala ko $p maoM ]pyaaoga haogaa. At: pàojao@T ko p`caalana ko karNa jalaIya pairisqaitkI pr kao[- tapIya AiQap`Baava nahIM haogaa. maanakaoM ko Anau$p ]pcaairt baih:saàvaaoM kI bahut kma maa~a kao pàkRitk naalao maoM ]%p`vaaiht ikyaa jaaegaa jaao GaaGara nadI maoM imalata hO. At: yah inaYkYa- inakalaa gayaa hO ik baih:saàvaaoM ko ]%p`vaah sao jala kI gauNava

6.9 Qvaina (Saaor) inamaa-Na kI AvaiQa maoM Saaor ]%pnna krnao vaalao mau#ya saàot vaahnaaoM ka Aavaagamana AaOr inamaa-Na yaM~ hOM jaao 75-90 DIbaI(e) kI EaoNaI maoM Saaor ]%pnna krto hOM. [na yaM~aoM ko p`caalana ko karNa saàot sao 1 ikmaI kI dUrI pr Anaumaainat Qvaina str 37.4 DIbaI(e) hO. piryaaojanaa sqala sao 1 ikmaI kI dUrI pr isqat gaa^MvaaoM maoM fIlD maanaITirMga ko daOrana maaipt pirvaoSaI Qvaina str 39.5 DIbaI(e) sao 52.5 DIbaI(e) ko maQya hO. caUMîk pirvaoSaI Qvaina str Anaumaainat Qvaina str sao AiQak hOM At: p`cCadna p`Baava ko karNa inamaa-Na kI AvaiQa maoM pirvaoSaI Qvaina str maoM kao[- vaRiw nahIM haogaI. p`caalana kI AvaiQa maoM Qvaina ko AiQap`Baava ko Aaklana hotu inarMtr daba str 90 DIbaI(e) maanaa gayaa hO. p`caalana kI AvaiQa maoM 1 ikmaI kI dUrI pr Anaumaainat Qvaina str lagaBaga 37.4 DIbaI(e) hO. puna: jaOsaa ik phlao batayaa gayaa hO p`cCadna p`Baava ko karNa p`caalana AvaiQa maoM samaIpva

7.0 ga`Ina baolT ivakasa tqaa vanaaraopNa yaaojanaa TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T ko sToja-I ka lao Aa]T Plaana ]

8.0 raK ka ]pyaaoga evaM raK ka inastarNa pàojao@T maoM raK ko ]pyaaoga hotu hr saMBava p`yaasa ike jaae^Mgao jaOsao Sat pìtSat eoSa kao SauYk $p maoM [kT\za krnao kI vyavasqaa, maaoTo AaOr mahIna kNaaoM kao Alaga krnao kI vyavasqaa, eoSa ko BaMDarNa evaM ladana kI vyavasqaa, ]VimayaaoM kao AaQaarBaUt sauivaQaae^M ]plabQa krnao ka pàvaQaana Aaid. saaqa hI pàojao@T ko Apnao inamaa-Na kayaao-M maoM BaI raK pr AaQaairt ]%padaoM ko ]pyaaoga kao pào%saahna idyaa jaaegaa. ]pyaaoga sao bacaI hu[- raK kao raK inastarNa xao~ maoM raK jala pirsaMcarNa yau@t Aad`- slarI iDspaojala p`NaalaI Wara inastairt ikyaa jaaegaa. AMt maoM sampUNa- raK inastarNa xao~ kao vaRxaaraopNa Wara hra Bara kr idyaa jaaegaa. TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

D/aFT irpaoT- ka saaraMSa Page: 9 of 10

9.0 pya-avarNaIya p`baaoQana kaya-Ëma TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja-I kI [ka[yaaoM ko ilae ek pyaa-varNaIya p`baaoQana kaya-Ëma phlao sao hI kayaa-invat hO tqaa p`baaoQana ko Aa^MkD,o ]

10.0 Aapda p`baMQa yaaojanaa pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI irpaoT- maoM Aapda p`baMQa yaaojanaa kao BaI saimmailat ikyaa gayaa hO jaao Aapa%kalaIna yaaojanaa ko ivaiBanna AvayavaaoM jaOsao saMgazna, saMcaar, samanvayana, p`ik`yaa, duGa-TnaaAaoM kI irpaoiT-Mga, saurxaa caokilasT, Aa^na saa[T Aapa%kalaIna yaaojanaa tqaa Aa^f saa[T Aapa%kalaIna yaaojanaa Aaid kao samaaiht krtI hO. TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja-I kI [ka[yaaoM ko ilae ek ivastRt Aapda p`baMQa yaaojanaa tOyaar kr kayaa-invat kI jaa caukI hO ijasamaoM Aapa%kala maoM ivaiBanna straoM pr inaBaa[- jaanao vaalaI ijammaodairyaaoM kao inaQaa-irt ikyaa gayaa hO. pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI irpaoT- maoM vaiNa-t AnauSaMsaaAaoM ko AaQaar pr sToja-II kI [ka[yaaoM kao Saaimala krnao ko ilae Aapda p`baMQa yaaojanaa kao samauicat $p sao saMvaiw-t ikyaa jaaegaa.

11.0 piryaaojanaa ko laaBa p`staivat piryaaojanaa ]

12.0 pyaa-varNaIya p`baMQana yaaojanaa TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T sToja-II ko inamaa-Na tqaa p`caalana carNaaoM ko ilae ek pyaa-varNaIya p`baMQana yaaojanaa banaa[- ga[- hO. piryaaojanaa maoM ek pyaa-varNaIya p`baMQana ivaBaaga phlao sao hI ivaVmaana hO ijasao sToja-II ko Antga-t p`staivat p`Samana ]payaaoM ko kayaa-nvayana hotu saudRZ, ikyaa jaaegaa. pyaa-varNaIya p`baMQana ivaBaaga pyaa-varNaIya ivaYayaaoM pr piryaaojanaa ko ivaiBanna ivaBaagaaoM¸ enaTIpIsaI ko ivaiBanna ivaBaagaaoM tqaa vaa*ya ejaoinsayaaoM jaOsao ]

13.0 inaYkYa- ]prao@t ivavarNaaoM ko AaQaar pr yah inaYkYa- inakalaa jaa sakta hO ik ivaiBanna p`staivat p`Samana ]payaaoM ko kayaa-nvayana Wara TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T sToja-II ko inamaa-Na tqaa p`caalana ko karNa haonao vaalao pìtkUla pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`BaavaaoM kao svaIkaya- str tk kma ikyaa jaa sakta hO. piryaaojanaa ko laaBa [sako pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`BaavaaoM kI Apoxaa khIM AiQak mah%vapUNa- hOM. TaNDa qama-la pavar pàojao@T, sToja-II (2x660 maogaavaaT) Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/003 Rev. No.: 0 ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana kI Rev. Date: 15.06.2009

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p`dSa--I: TaNDa qama-la pavar p`aojao@T, sToja-II ko pyaa-varNaIya AiQap`Baava Aaklana AQyayana ko AQyayana xao~ ka maanaica~

DRAFT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REPORT

FOR

TANDA THERMAL POWER PROJECT , STAGE–II (2x660MW) District-Ambedkar Nagar (UP)

Document No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Rev. No. 0

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI

N T P C Limited, New Delhi June, 2009 Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (i)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section No. Section Title Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 BACKGROUND 1-1 1.2 DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION 1-2 1.2.1 General 1-2 1.2.2 Justification 1-3 1.3 PROJECT AT A GLANCE 1-3 1.3.1 Location 1-3 1.3.2 Site Selection 1-3 1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) 1-5 STUDY 1.4.1 Scope of EIA Study 1-5 1.4.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Scenario 1-5 1.4.2.1 Land Use 1-6 1.4.2.2 Demography and Socio-economics 1-6 1.4.2.3 Soils 1-6 1.4.2.4 Geology 1-6 1.4.2.5 Hydrology and Water Use 1-6 1.4.2.6 Water Quality: (Surface and Ground) 1-6 1.4.2.7 Meteorology 1-6 1.4.2.8 Air Quality 1-6 1.4.2.9 Noise 1-6 1.4.2.10 Ecology 1-7 1.4.3 Establishment of Project Features 1-7 1.4.4 Impact Assessment 1-7 1.4.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme 1-7 1.4.6 Additional Studies 1-8 1.4.7 Project Benefits 1-8 1.4.8 Environmental Management Plan 1-8 1.4.9 Summary & Conclusion 1-8 1.4.10 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged 1-8

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI TABLE OF CONTENTS

Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (ii)

Section No. Section Title Page No. 2.0 PROJECT PROFILE 2-1 2.1 THERMAL POWER GENERATION PROCESS 2-1 2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS 2-3 2.2.1 Land 2-3 2.2.2 Coal 2-3 2.2.2.1 Source, Requirement and Availability 2-3 2.2.2.2 Coal Transportation 2-4 2.2.2.3 Coal Quality 2-4 2.2.3 Water 2-4 2.2.3.1 Source, Requirement and Availability of Water 2-4 2.2.3.2 Makeup water system 2-4 2.2.3.3 Circulating Water System 2-4 2.2.4 Transmission System 2-4 2.3 MAJOR PLANT SYSTEMS & POLLUTION CONTROL 2-4 SYSTEMS 2.3.1 Fuel Handling Systems 2-7 2.3.1.1 Coal Handling System 2-7 2.3.1.2 Fuel Oil Handling System 2-7 2.3.2 Fuel Burning System 2-7 2.3.2.1 Electrostatic Precipitator 2-7 2.3.2.2 NOx Control System 2-7 2.3.2.3 Space Provision for Retrofitting of FGD System 2-8 2.3.2.4 Chimney 2-8 2.3.3 Ash Handling System 2-8 2.3.3.1 Bottom Ash Handling System 2-8 2.3.3.2 Fly ash Handling System 2-8 2.3.3.3 Ash Slurry Disposal System 2-8 2.3.4 Noise Pollution Control Systems 2-9 2.3.5 Solid Waste Management Systems 2-9 2.3.6 Water Pollution Control System 2-9 2.4 ASH UTILISATION PLAN 2-10 2.5 COMPLIANCE OF EXISTING UNITS WITH 2-11 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS 2.6 ENV. PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING UNITS 2-11

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Section No. Section Title Page No. 2.6.1 Air Pollution 2-11 2.6.2 Water Pollution 2-11 2.7 STATUS OF ENV. CLEARANCES FOR STAGE-II 2-12 2.8 AFFORESTATION 2-12 2.9 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN 2-13 2.10 FIRE DETECTION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM 2-13 2.11 LAYOUT AND PLANT SYSTEMS 2-14

2.12 EMISSION OF CO2 AND INTENT FOR CLAIMING 2.14 BENEFITS UNDER CDM

3.0 BASELINE DATA 3-1 3.1 LAND USE 3-1 3.1.1 Land Use Classification Based on Satellite Data 3-1 3.1.1.1 Built-up Land 3-4 3.1.1.2 Agricultural Land 3-4 3.1.1.3 Plantations 3-4 3.1.1.4 Waste Land 3-4 3.1.1.5 Water Bodies 3-4 3.1.2 Land Use Pattern Based on Census Data 3-5 3.1.3 Sensitive Area 3-5 3.2 WATER USE 3-5 3.3 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS 3-7 3.3.1 Demographic Profile of the Study Area 3-7 3.3.2 Socio-economic Condition of the Study Area 3-8 3.3.3 Availability of Infrastructure Facilities and Amenities 3-8 3.4 HYDRO-GEOLOGY 3-10 3.5 SOILS 3-11 3.5.1 Methodology 3-11 3.5.2 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soils 3-11 3.6 WATER QUALITY 3-14 3.6.1 Surface Water Quality 3-14 3.6.2 Ground Water Quality 3-15 3.7 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY 3-22 3.7.1 Climatological Data at Faizabad IMD Station 3-22

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Section No. Section Title Page No. 3.7.2 Meteorological Observations at Site 3-25 3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 3-32 3.8.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study 3-32 3.8.1.1 Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency 3-32 3.8.1.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques 3-34 3.8.2 Presentation of Results 3-34 3.9 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 3-36 3.9.1 Flora 3-36 3.9.2 Ecological Samplings 3-37 3.9.3 Crops 3-42 3.9.4 Fauna 3-42 3.9.5 Wildlife Sanctuaries/ National Parks 3-43 3.9.6 Endangered Species 3-43 3.10 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 3-43 3.10.1 Ecologically Sensitive Areas & Rare and Endangered Species 3-45 3.11 NOISE 3-45 3.11.1 Methodology 3-45 3.11.2 Types of Sound Fields 3-45 3.11.3 Sampling Locations 3-46 3.11.4 Ambient Noise Standards 3-48 3.11.5 Results and Discussions 3-48

4.0 IMPACTS 4-1 4.1 LAND USE 4-3 4.2 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS 4-4 4.2.1 Impacts Due to Acquisition of Land 4-4 4.2.2 Impacts Due to Immigration of Construction Workforce 4-4 4.2.3 Impacts During Operation Phase 4-5 4.3 SOILS 4-5 4.3.1 Impacts During Construction Phase 4-5 4.3.2 Impacts During Operation Phase 4-6 4.4 HYDROLOGY 4-6 4.5 WATER QUALITY 4-6 4.5.1 Impacts During Construction Phase 4-6

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI TABLE OF CONTENTS

Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (v)

Section No. Section Title Page No. 4.5.2 Impacts During Operation Phase 4-6 4.5.3 Impacts on Ground Water Quality During Operation Phase 4-7 4.6 AIR QUALITY 4-7 4.6.1 Model Options Used For Computations 4-7 4.6.2 Input Data for Prediction Modelling 4-8 4.6.2.1 Meteorological Data 4-8 4.6.2.2 Determination of Atmospheric Stability 4-9 4.6.2.3 Solar radiation/Delta-T (SRDT) Method 4-9 4.6.2.4 Mixing Depth 4-9 4.6.3 Presentation of Results 4-10 4.6.4 Resultant Concentrations After Implementation of the Project 4-10 4.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 4-15 4.7.1 Noise Levels Inside the Existing Plant 4-15 4.7.2 Impact During Construction Phase 4-15 4.7.3 Impact During Operational Phase 4-15 4.7.3.1 Noise Sources 4-15 4.7.3.2 Impact on Noise Level 4-15 4.7.3.3 Model for Sound Wave Propagation During Operation 4-15

4.7.3.4 Machine Correction (AM) 4-16

4.7.3.5 Environmental Correction (AE) 4-16 4.7.3.6 Model Details 4-16 4.7.3.7 Input for the model 4-17 4.7.3.8 Presentation of Results 4-17 4.7.3.9 Industrial Noise Standards 4-18 4.7.3.10 Work Zone Noise Levels 4-18 4.8 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 4-18 4.8.1 Impact During Construction Phase 4-18 4.8.2 Impact During Operation Phase 4-19 4.9 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 4-19 4.9.1 Impact During Construction Phase 4-19 4.9.2 Impact During Operation Phase 4-19

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME 5-1 5.1 MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS 5-1

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Section No. Section Title Page No. 5.1.1 Meteorology 5-1 5.1.2 Ambient Air Quality 5-1 5.1.3 Stack Emissions 5-1 5.1.4 Ambient Water Quality 5-2 5.1.5 Effluents Quality 5-2 5.1.6 Soils 5-3 5.1.7 Noise 5-3 5.2 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP 5-3

6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES 6-1 6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION 6-1 6.2 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT 6-1 6.3 DISASTER MANAGENMENT PLAN 6-1 6.3.1 On-Site Disaster Management Plan 6-1 6.3.2 Capability Analysis (Existing Structure) 6-3 6.3.3 Action Plan for On-site Emergency 6-6 6.3.4 Evaluation of Functioning of Disaster Plan 6-8 6.3.5 Off Site Emergency Plan 6-9 6.3.6 Post Emergency Relief to the Victims 6-10 6.3.7 Disaster Prevention and Reduction 6-10 6.3.8 Major Site Incidents 6-12 6.3.9 Reporting of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences 6-13

7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS 7-1 7.1 IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SUPPLY 7-1 7.2 IMPROVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE 7-1 7.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL 7-1

8.0 ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 8-1 8.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE 8-1 8.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR OPERATION PHASE 8-2 8.3 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR ENV. MANAGEMENT 8-5 8.3.1 Functions of Environmental Groups at Corporate Center 8-5 8.3.1.1 Environmental Engineering Group (EEG) 8-5

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Section No. Section Title Page No. 8.3.1.2 Environment Management Group (EMG) 8-6 8.3.1.3 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) 8-6 8.3.2 Functions of Environmental Groups at site 8-6 8.3.2.1 Environment Management Group 8-6 8.3.2.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Group 8-7 8.3.3 Institutional Set-up at Tanda TPP 8-7 8.4 AFFORESTATION AND GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT 8-7 8.4.1 Selection of Tree Species 8-8 8.4.2 Procedure for Plantation 8-13

9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 9-1 9.1 THE SITE AND SURROUNDINGS 9-1 9.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS 9-1 9.2.1 Land Requirement 9-1 9.2.2 Fuel Availability and Requirement 9-1 9.2.3 Water Availability and Requirement 9-2 9.3 ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDY 9-2 9.4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 9-2 9.4.1 Land use 9-2 9.4.2 Water Use 9-3 9.4.3 Demography and Socio Economics 9-3 9.4.4 Hydro-geology 9-3 9.4.5 Soil 9-4 9.4.6 Water Quality 9-4 9.4.7 Meteorology 9-4 9.4.8 Ambient Air Quality 9-5 9.4.9 Terrestrial Ecology 9-5 9.4.10 Aquatic Ecology 9-5 9.4.11 Noise 9-6 9.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATION MEASURES 9-6 9.5.1 Land Use 9-6 9.5.2 Water Use and Hydrology 9-6 9.5.3 Demography and Socio-economics 9-6 9.5.4 Soils 9-7

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI TABLE OF CONTENTS

Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (viii)

Section No. Section Title Page No. 9.5.5 Water Quality 9-7 9.5.6 Air Quality 9-7 9.5.7 Terrestrial Ecology 9-8 9.5.8 Aquatic Ecology 9-9 9.5.9 Noise 9-9 9.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN 9-10 9.7 ASH UTILISATION AND ASH DISPOSAL 9-10 9.8 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN 9-10 9.9 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 9-10 9.10 PROJECT BENEFITS 9-11 9.11 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9-11 9.12 CONCLUSIONS 9-11

10.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS 10-1

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LIST OF TABLES

Table No. Title Page No. Table 1.2.1 Demand projections up-to 2012 & 2017 under 17th EPS 1-2 Table 1.2.2 Demand & Supply Scenario at the End of 11th Plan 1-2 Table 1.2.3 Demand & Supply Scenario at the End of 12th Plan 1-3 Table 2.2.1 Expected Coal Characteristics for Tanda TPP, Stage-II 2-4 Table 2.6.1 Levels of SPM in Stack Emissions from Tanda TPP, 2-11 Stage-I Table 2.6.2(a), Main Plant Effluents and Ash Pond Overflow 2-12 (b) & (c) Characteristics from Tanda TPP, Stage-I Table 3.1.1 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (Based on Satellite 3-4 Imagery) Table 3.1.2 Land Use Pattern of the Study Area (Based on Census 3-5 Data of 2001) Table 3.2.2 Water Requirement for Principal Crops 3-6 Table 3.2.2 Domestic Water Requirement 3-6 Table 3.2.3 Water Use Pattern within the Study Area 3-7 Table 3.3.1 Educational Facilities in the Study Area 3-9 Table 3.3.2 Medical Facilities in the Study Area 3-9 Table 3.5.1 Details of Soil Sampling Locations 3-11 Table 3.5.2 Physical Characteristics of Soils 3-13 Table 3.5.3 Chemical Characteristics of Soils 3-13 Table 3.6.1 Locations of Water Quality Monitoring Stations 3-14 Table 3.6.2 Surface Water Quality in Study Area 3-18 Table 3.6.3 Effluent Quality of Existing Units at Tanda TPP, 3-19 Stage-I Table 3.6.4(a) Ground Water Quality in Study Area 3-20 Table 3.6.4(b) Ground Water Quality in Study Area 3-21 Table 3.7.1(a) Climatological Data Recorded at IMD Observatory, 3-23 Faizabad (1951-80) Table 3.7.1(b) Climatological Data Recorded at IMD Observatory, 3-24 Faizabad (1951-80)

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Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (x)

Table 3.7.2 Instruments, Parameters and Frequency of 3-25 Meteorological Monitoring at Site Table 3.7.3 Meteorological Data Recorded at Site 3-25 Table 3.8.1 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-32 Table 3.8.2 Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring 3-34 Table 3.8.3 Ambient Air Quality Around Tanda TPP (Location wise 3-35 Seasonal Results) Table 3.8.4 Overall Assessment of Ambient Air Quality Around 3-36 Tanda TPP (Based on All Locations & All Seasons) Table 3.9.1 List of Vegetation in the Study Area 3-36 Table 3.9.2 Terrestrial Ecology Sampling Locations 3-37 Table 3.9.3(a) Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of 3-39 and (b) Different Species at Jigna (Pre-monsoon and Winter) Table 3.9.4(a) Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of 3-40 and (b) Different Species at Kinwari (Pre-monsoon and Winter) Table 3.9.5(a) Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of 3-41 and (b) Different Species at Ruthampur (Pre-monsoon and Winter) Table 3.9.6 List of Domestic Fauna Observed in the Study Area 3-42 Table 3.9.7 List of Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Rodents 3-42 Observed in the Study Area Table 3.10.1 Aquatic Ecology Sampling Locations 3-44 Table 3.10.2 Phyto-planktons Observed during the Study 3-44 Table 3.10.3 Zoo-planktons Observed during the Study 3-44 Table 3.10.4 Fishes Observed during the Study 3-44 Table 3.11.1 Noise Level Monitoring Stations 3-46 Table 3.11.2 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise 3-48 Table 3.11.3(a) Hourly Leq Noise Levels (May, 2008) 3-49 Table 3.11.3(b) Daytime and Nighttime Noise Levels (May, 2008) 3-49 Table 3.11.4(a) Hourly Leq Noise Levels (Feb., 2009) 3-50 Table 3.11.4(b) Daytime and Nighttime Noise Levels (Feb., 2009) 3-50 Table 4.1 Identification of Construction Activities and Probable 4-1 Impacts Table 4.2 Identification of Operation and Maintenance Activities 4-2 and Probable Impacts Table 4.6.1 Expected Coal Characteristics for Tanda TPP, Stage-II 4-8 Table 4.6.2 Details of Stack Emissions 4-8

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Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (xi)

Table 4.6.3 Key to Solar Radiation Delta-T (SRDT) Method for 4-9 Estimating Pasquill-Gifford (P-G) Stability Categories Table 4.6.4 Mixing Depth Considered for Dispersion Modeling 4-10 Table 4.6.5 Predicted 24-Hourly Maximum Short Term Incremental 4-10 Concentrations due to Tanda TPP, Stage-II Table 4.6.6 Resultant Maximum Ground Level Concentrations After 4-11 Operation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II Table 4.6.7 Resultant Concentrations at Monitoring Locations due to 4-11 Incremental GLC’s (Based on Worst Coal Characteristics) Table 4.7.1 Likely Noise Levels in Tanda TPP, Stage-II 4-17 Table 4.7.2 Predicted Noise Levels 4-17 Table 4.7.3 Permissible Exposure Noise Limits 4-18 Table 5.1.1 Proposed Environmental Monitoring Programme for 5-2 Tanda TPP, Stage-II Table 8.1.1 Mitigation Measures Proposed to be Implemented During 8-1 Construction Phase Table 8.2.1(a) Mitigation Measures Proposed to be Implemented During 8-3 Operation Phase Table 8.2.1(b) Mode of Implementation and Allocation of Resources for 8-4 Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase Table 8.3.1 Organization Structure of NTPC for Environmental 8-5 Management Table 8.4.1 Plant Species Recommended for Plantation in and around 8-9 Tanda TPP Table 9.4.1 Ambient Air Quality in the Study Area 9-5 Table 9.5.1 Resultant Maximum Ground Level Concentration after 9-8 Implementation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II Table 10.1.1 Manpower Engaged for EIA Study 10-1

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Doc. No.: 9562/999/ GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: (xii)

LIST OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit No. Title Page No. Exhibit 1.3.1 Vicinity Map of Tanda Thermal Power Project 1-4 Exhibit 2.1.1 Process Diagram for Coal Based Thermal Power Station 2-2 Exhibit 2.2.1(a) Water Balance Diagram for Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 2-5 MW) with Once Through Ash Water System Exhibit 2.2.1(b) Water Balance Diagram for Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 2-6 MW) with Ash Water Recirculation System Exhibit 2.11.1 General Layout Plan for Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 2-16 MW) Exhibit 3.0.1 Map of Study Area for EIA Study for Tanda Thermal 3-2 Power Project, Stage-II Exhibit 3.1.1 Land Use and Land Cover Map of Study Area Based on 3-3 Satellite Imagery Exhibit 3.5.1 Sampling Locations for Soil 3-12 Exhibit 3.6.1 Sampling Locations for Surface Water 3-16 Exhibit 3.6.2 Sampling Locations for Ground Water 3-17 Exhibit 3.7.1 Wind Rose Diagram for Pre-monsoon Season 3-27 Exhibit 3.7.2 Wind Rose Diagram for Monsoon Season 3-28 Exhibit 3.7.3 Wind Rose Diagram for Post-monsoon Season 3-29 Exhibit 3.7.4 Wind Rose Diagram for Winter Season 3-30 Exhibit 3.7.5 Annual Wind Rose Diagram at Tanda TPP Site 3-31 Exhibit 3.8.1 Sampling Locations for Ambient Air 3-33 Exhibit 3.9.1 Sampling Locations for Ecology 3-38 Exhibit 3.11.1 Sampling Locations for Noise 3-47 Exhibit 4.6.1 Isopleths for SPM on 24 Hourly Basis for Tanda TPP, 4-12 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Exhibit 4.6.2 Isopleths for SO2 on 24 Hourly Basis for Tanda TPP, 4-13 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Exhibit 4.6.3 Isopleths for NOx on 24 Hourly Basis for Tanda TPP, 4-14 Stage-II (2x660 MW)

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Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 1-1

1.0 INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND Power development is one of the key infrastructural elements for the economic development of the country. National Thermal Power Corporation Ltd. was set up in November, 1975 with the objective of planning, promoting and organising integrated development of thermal power in the country. Since then NTPC has been instrumental for accelerated power development in the country and by now has reached a total installed capacity of 30,144 MW. The power generation from NTPC plants stands to more than thirty percent of the total power generation of the country from an installed capacity of less than twenty percent of the country. NTPC has launched several lateral, backward and forward integrations, making it an integrated power major with interests in hydro power, captive coal mining, power distribution and trading. To embody its diverse operations, the company has been rechristened as NTPC Limited. In recent years, power development has assumed paramount importance in view of its role in rapid development of industry, agriculture and service sector in the country. The installed capacity of the country that was only 1713 MW in 1950 has already grown to around 1,49,392 MW by June, 2009. Tanda Thermal Power Project in District Ambedkar Nagar of Uttar Pradesh was conceived and implemented by Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB) in 1980-81. Subsequently, the station was taken over by NTPC on 15.01.2000. The present capacity of Tanda TPP is 440 MW (4x110 MW) and the same is under commercial operation. Presently, the Station feeds the electricity to Northern Grid at 220 KV via the feeders to Gorakhpur, Basti and Sultanpur. The commissioning schedule of existing units was as follows: Date of Take-over by NTPC:15.01.2000 Unit Synchronisation Unit Re-Synchronisation After by UPSEB Take-over by NTPC Unit # 1 21.03.1988 03.02.2000 Unit # 2 11.03.1989 23.01.2000 Unit # 3 38.03.1998 31.03.2001 Unit # 4 20.03.1998 08.02.2000

It is proposed to augment the capacity of Tanda TPP by addition of two units of 660 MW each under Stage-II, thereby making the ultimate capacity of the project as 1760 MW. The project is expected to start yielding benefits during early 12th Plan period.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 1.0 INTRODUCTION Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 1-2

1.2 DEMAND ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION 1.2.1 General Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 MW) is proposed to be taken up by NTPC as a base load coal based thermal power plant. The project is being implemented for meeting the power demand of Uttar Pradesh and other willing States/ UTs of Northern Region.

Demand Estimation (11th and 12th Plan) The demand scenario has been prepared as per latest publication of Electrical Power Survey (EPS-17) published by CEA and is presented in Table 1.2.1:

Demand & Supply Scenario at the End of 11th Plan Demand & Supply Scenario at the end of 11th Plan with the addition of 78,577 MW and enhanced performance in 11th Plan has been worked out and presented in Table 1.2.2. Table 1.2.1: Demand projections up-to 2012 & 2017 under 17th EPS PEAK DEMAND ENERGY REQUIREMENT REGION As per 17th EPS (MW) As per 17th EPS (Forecast) (MU) up to 2012 up-to 2017 up to 2012 up to 2017 NR 48,137 66,583 2,94,841 4,11,513 WR 47,108 64,349 2,94,860 4,09,805 SR 40,367 60,433 2,53,443 3,80,068 ER 19,088 28,401 1,11,802 1,68,942 NER 2,537 3,760 13,329 21,143 ISLANDS 88 136 384 595 ALL INDIA 1,57,325 2,23,662 9,68,659 13,92,066

Table 1.2.2: Demand & Supply Scenario at the End of 11th Plan Region Availability at the end Demand As per EPS 17th Forecast of 11th Plan Energy Peak Energy Deficit/ Peak Deficit/ (MU) (MW) (MU) Surplus (MW) Surplus (%) (%) NR 2,82,905 41,103 2,94,841 -4.05 48,137 -14.61 WR 2,81,691 40,926 2,94,860 -4.47 47,108 -13.12 SR 2,50,918 36,456 2,53,443 -1.00 40,367 -9.69 ER 1,67,490 24,334 1,11,802 49.81 19,088 27.49 NER 32,754 4,759 13,329 145.73 2,537 87.57 ISLANDS 388 56 384 1.03 88 -35.95 Total 10,16,146 1,47,634 9,68,659 4.90 1,57,325 -6.16

From the above, it is observed that the peak deficit still exists at the end of 11th Plan to the extent of 14.61% in Northern Region and overall 6.16 %.

Demand & Supply Scenario at the End of 12th Plan Demand & Supply Scenario at the end of 12th Plan with the addition of 86500 MW and enhanced performance has been worked out and presented in Table 1.2.3. Table 1.2.3: Demand & Supply Scenario at the End of 12th Plan Region Availability at the end Demand As per EPS 17th Forecast of 12th Plan Energy Peak Energy Deficit/ Peak Deficit/ (MU) (MW) (MU) Surplus (MW) Surplus (%) (%) All India 14,32,903 2,08,184.3 13,92,066 2.93 2,23,662 -6.92

1.2.2 Justification The National Electricity Policy has set up the goal of adding new generation capacity to not only eliminate energy and peaking shortages but also to have a spinning reserve of 5% in the system. Considering the above, Tanda Thermal Power Project (2x660 MW) (Planned to be commissioned in the early 12th Plan) is, therefore, justified from demand supply consideration.

1.3 PROJECT AT A GLANCE 1.3.1 Location Tanda project site is located on the right bank of Main Tanda Canal near Bahadurpur village in Ambedkar Nagar District of Utter Pradesh having latitude and longitude of 260 35' 30" N and 820 35’ 40” E respectively. The site is approachable from Tanda - Faizabad State Highway. Nearest railway station Akbarpur is at a distance of 20 kms on Faizabad-Shahganj section of Northern Central railways. Akbarpur air-strip exists at an arial distance of about 16 Kms from the project site. The Vicinity Plan of Tanda TPP is placed as Exhibit-1.3.1. The nearest commercial airport at Lucknow is located at a distance of approximately 240 kms from the project site.

1.3.2 Site Selection The present site for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II was selected by UPSEB during project planning of Tanda TPP, Stage-I. The site conforms to the siting criteria for thermal power plants published by Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India. Environmentally, expansion of an existing facility is always more compatible than setting up a new unit at a virgin site, as it has several advantages: o Minimum land acquisition. o Minimum disturbance to the environment as site and infrastructure are already developed.

Exhibit-1.3.1: Vicinity Map of Tanda Thermal Power Project

o Better efficiency in operation of plant as well as environmental system due to availability of already existing technical and material support. o Minimum disturbance to the local population which has already established a harmony with the existing project and experienced benefits of the projects (economic as well as peripheral developments). However, the additionality on environmental scenario arises due to: o Increased emissions and discharges o Increased wastes o Increased land requirement (minimal)

1.4 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) STUDY In order to identify the environmental impacts due to the construction and operation of Stage-II of the project and its associated facilities, and draw a suitable environmental management plan to mitigate adverse impacts, if any, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study has been undertaken. The draft Terms of Reference for EIA Study was approved by MOEF vide letter no. J-13012/96/2007- IA.II(T) dated 01.08.07, in accordance with MOEF Notification dated 14.09.2006 regarding environmental clearance process. NTPC have retained M/s Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi to carry out Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study for Tanda TPP, Stage-II. The study covers the baseline data generation, predictions and evaluation of impact on various environmental components and formulation of Environmental Monitoring Plan and Disaster Management Plan.

1.4.1 Scope of EIA Study The study area of the EIA covers an area within 10 km radius around the project site. The study covers the disciplines of Land Use, Water Use, Demography & Socio- economics, Geology, Soils, Hydrology, Water Quality, Meteorology, Air Quality, Terrestrial Ecology, Aquatic Ecology, Noise, Environmental Management Plan, Project Benefits, Environment Management Plan.

1.4.2 Establishment of Baseline Environmental Scenario The baseline environmental scenario has been established through primary data generated in the study area and secondary data available at site/ published in literature. The field monitoring started in first week of March, 2008 and completed in February, 2009. The Draft EIA Report is based on one year's (March, 2008 - February, 2009) primary data (for meteorology, air quality, water quality, ecology, soil and noise) and secondary data (for all the disciplines) collected. The baseline environmental scenario has been presented in Chapter 3 and methodologies adopted under various disciplines are briefly described in following sections.

1.4.2.1 Land Use The present land use pattern has been established based on satellite imagery of 2008 and Census Data of 2001.

1.4.2.2 Demography and Socio-economics Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the existing population, including the characteristics of labour force in the study area has been established based on Census Data of 2001.

1.4.2.3 Soils The soils in the study area have been described based on literature review and field monitoring data for pre-monsoon and winter seasons.

1.4.2.4 Geology Geological map, profile and history of the study area have been described based on report published by Geological Survey of India.

1.4.2.5 Hydrology and Water Use Surface and ground water hydrology has been established based on secondary data.

1.4.2.6 Water Quality: (Surface and Ground) The surface and ground water characteristics have been established through field monitoring data generated during the study with respect to physico-chemical characteristics and pollutant levels and the same has been compared with quality criteria for drinking water (IS:10500).

1.4.2.7 Meteorology On site meteorological data was generated during the study and compared vis-à-vis meteorological data generated by nearest IMD station at Faizabad located at about 45 km from the proposed site in the West direction.

1.4.2.8 Air Quality Ambient air quality has been characterised with respect to SO2, NOx, Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) and Respirable Particulate Matter (RPM) by field monitoring at six locations. The monitoring locations were selected based on a mathematical air quality model and at each location, 24 hour sampling was undertaken twice a week. The data was analysed for maximum, minimum and average and compared with Ambient Air Quality Standards.

1.4.2.9 Noise Noise surveys were undertaken twice during the study period (March, 2008 - February, 2009) at 10 locations within the study area to assess the background noise levels in different zones viz., Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones. Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter and Leq values have been analysed for 24 hours.

1.4.2.10 Ecology The terrestrial and aquatic ecology have been described based on literature review, seasonal field samplings during pre monsoon and winter seasons and records of forest, agriculture and fisheries departments.

1.4.3 Establishment of Project Features This includes a brief description of thermal power generation process and environmentally significant features of Tanda TPP Stage-II, like project inputs (Land, Fuel and Water), their availability (e.g. commitments, clearances and linkages) and characteristics (e.g. land classification, fuel characteristics and water quality). The source of water and sink for discharge of liquid effluents have also been identified and various recycle/ reuse systems for water highlighted. Various pollution control systems proposed to be deployed are also described in brief. These are presented in Chapter 2.

1.4.4 Impact Assessment The impact assessment for construction and operation phases of Tanda TPP, Stage-II is presented in Chapter 4. As the site has already been developed, the impacts of Stage-II activities will be marginal. The impacts on relevant discipline of environment due to construction and operation of Stage-II of the project have been identified and assessed quantitatively, as far as possible. Wherever, a quantitative prediction was not possible, the impacts have been described qualitatively, based on experiences at NTPC and other project sites. For the disciplines of Land Use and Demography and Socio-economics, Census Data have been used to establish the effects of existing units and the impacts of Stage-II has been described on the basis of past experience. The short term impacts on ambient air quality with respect to SPM, SO2 and NOx have been predicted using Industrial Source Complex [ISC3] 1993 dispersion model based on steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion, developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. The predictions were made using meteorological data recorded at site. For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the plant site in general and the turbo-generator bay in particular, noise propagation analysis was undertaken using a “multisource noise attenuation model” As the project site has already been fully developed and the study area is devoid of forests and any natural ecosystem, the impacts on ecology is not a critical factor for the present EIA. However, for operation phase, impacts of emissions and discharges have been assessed qualitatively.

1.4.5 Environmental Monitoring Programme An environmental monitoring programme has already been implemented for Stage-I units of Tanda TPP. Environmental monitoring programme for Stage-II units, specifying the locations, parameters, methodologies and frequency of monitoring for

emissions and discharges as well as ambient environment for the major disciplines is included in Chapter 5. 1.4.6 Additional Studies The present report is Draft EIA Report to be submitted for Public Consultation. After Public Consultation, the Draft EIA Report shall be revised to include the issues raised during Public Consultation and measures proposed to be undertaken to resolve the same. A Disaster Management Plan has already been implemented for Tanda TPP Stage-I . The same shall be strengthened to include Tanda TPP, Stage-II units also. A summary of the Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for existing units for dealing with emergency situations arising due to fire, explosion and leakages of hazardous substances, etc. in the plant and the procedures to be followed in case of any emergency are summarised in Chapter 6.

1.4.7 Project Benefits The main benefit of Tanda TPP, Stage-II shall be in terms of improving power supply to the state/UT’s of Northern Region, reducing dependence of households and commercial establishments on smaller DG Sets, thereby reducing localised pollution and improvement in facilities. In addition, establishment of Tanda TPP, Stage-II will also improve the physical and social infrastructures of the area. Further, the project has significant employment potential under skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled categories. These aspects are summarised in Chapter 7.

1.4.8 Environmental Management Plan Environmental Management Plans for construction and operation phases of Tanda TPP, Stage-II is presented in Chapter 8. It has been developed to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project activities, if any. The mitigation measures proposed in the Feasibility Report has been reviewed with respect to their adequacy. Extensive green belt development and plantation has already been undertaken under Stage-I, which has been summarised. Recommendations have been made for further afforestation activities. The environmental management plan also includes institutional set-up for effective implementation of environmental management activities.

1.4.9 Summary & Conclusions Chapter 9 describes the summary of EIA Report and conclusions regarding environmental suitability of the project based on findings of the study. The overall justification regarding establishment of the project and adequacy of mitigatory measures proposed are presented in this Chapter.

1.4.10 Disclosure of Consultants Engaged Chapter 10 gives a brief profile of the consultants M/S Mantec Consultants Pvt. Limited, New Delhi engaged by NTPC for undertaking the present study.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 1.0 INTRODUCTION Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 2-1

2.0 PROJECT PROFILE

2.1 THERMAL POWER GENERATION PROCESS In a thermal power plant, the chemical energy of the fuel (coal) is first converted into thermal energy (during combustion), which is then converted into mechanical energy (through a turbine) and finally into electrical energy (through a generator). The schematic diagram of the process of power generation a coal based thermal power plant is shown in Exhibit 2.1.1. It has the following steps. (1) The coal is transferred from the coal handling plant by conveyor belt to the coal bunkers, from where it is fed to the pulverizing mills, which grind it to fine powder. The finely powdered coal, mixed with air is then blown into the boiler by a fan where it burns like a gas. (2) The process of combustion releases thermal energy from coal. The boiler walls are lined with boiler tubes containing high quality demineralized water (known as boiler feed water). The combustion heat is absorbed by the boiler tubes and the heat converts the boiler feed water into steam at high pressure and temperature. The steam, discharged through nozzles on the turbine blades, makes the turbine to rotate, which in turn rotates the generator coupled to the end of the turbine. Rotation of generator produces electricity, which is passed to the step-up transformer to increase its voltage so that it can be transmitted efficiently. The power is evacuated via switchyard through a Transmission System. (3) During combustion, the non-combustible part of coal is converted into ash. A small part of ash (about 20%) binds together to form lumps, which fall into the ash pits at the bottom of the furnace. This part of ash, known as bottom ash is water quenched, ground and then conveyed to pits for subsequent disposal to ash disposal area or sale. (4) Major part of the ash (about 80%) is in fine powder form, known as Fly Ash, and is carried out of the boiler along with the flue gas. The flue gas, after heat recovery, is passed through the electrostatic precipitators, where the ash is trapped by electrodes charged with high voltage electricity. (5) The flue gases exiting from the Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) are discharged through a tall chimney for wider dispersal of remaining ash particles and gases. The ash collected in the ESP hoppers is extracted in dry form and conveyed to dry ash storage silos from where it is supplied to user industries. (6) Unused part of fly ash is mixed with water and conveyed to ash disposal area. Ash can also be lifted from ash pond for utilization. (7) The steam, after passing through the turbines, is condensed back into water in condensers and the same is re-used as a boiler feed water for making steam. The reasons for condensing and reusing the steam are following: - • The cost of boiler feed water is very high as it is very pure demineralised water hence reuse is economical.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 2.0 PROJECT PROFILE Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 2-2

Stack Emissions 1. Coal Handling 2. Pulverising Plant Mills Boiler Feed Water 8. Electrostatic 9. Chimney Precipitators

3. Boiler Bottom Fly Condensate Ash Ash

Steam 10. Dry Ash Storage 13. Cooling 12. Cooling Silos Tower System Steam 4. Turbine Ash Utilisation 11. Ash Pond Area 5. Generator Cooling Tower Blow down Boiler Blow down

6. Transformer

7. Transmission Towers

Exhibit 2.1.1: Process Diagram for Coal Based Thermal Power Station

• The use of condenser lowers the temperature at the exit end and hence increases the efficiency of the turbine. (8) The condenser contains tubes through which cold water is constantly pumped. The steam passing around the tubes of condenser looses heat and condenses as water. During this process, the steam gets cooled while cooling water gets heated up (by about 10oC). This hot water is cooled in a cooling tower and recycled for cooling. However, in order to control dissolved solids, a certain amount of blow down is required from the cooling towers, which is used in the plant for other usages such as service water, coal dust suppression etc. The units under Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 MW) shall be based on super critical boiler parameters, which has higher thermal efficiency as compared to conventional pulverised coal fired units based on sub-critical boiler parameters. The increase in efficiency results in lower coal consumption as well as lower generation of ash and gaseous emissions.

2.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS 2.2.1 Land Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-I was conceived, designed and constructed by UP State Electricity Board in 1980-81. Subsequently, the station was taken over by NTPC in January, 2000. During Stage-I, the land acquired by UP State Electricity Board was as follows: Main Plant Area 327.65 Acres Ash Pond 519.28 Acres Township 203.61 Acres CISF Colony and Railway Siding 91.01 Acres Total 1141.55 Acres

The entire land acquired for Tanda TPP, Stage-I by UP State Electricity Board was private land and there was no forest or government land involved. For Tanda TPP, Stage-II, about 715 acres of additional land (about 175 acres for main plant and about 540 acres for ash disposal and ash pipe line corridor, make up water pump house at reservoir, diversion of approach road and drain) is required. In- principle clearance for availability of land has been obtained from Govt. of Uttar Pradesh vide letter dated 06.12.07.

2.2.2 Coal 2.2.2.1 Source, Requirement and Availability The Annual coal requirement for Stage-II shall be about 6.5 MTPA corresponding to 90% PLF considering GCV of 3350 kcal/kg and the same is proposed to be met from Chatti-Bariatu and Kerandari captive coal mining blocks to be developed by NTPC in North Karanpura Coalfields.

2.2.2.2 Coal Transportation The envisaged mode of coal transportation from the coal mines to the power plant is by Indian Railways BOX-N rakes.

2.2.2.3 Coal Quality The expected coal characteristics for Tanda TPP, Stage-II, are presented in Table 2.2.1.

Table 2.2.1: Expected Coal Characteristics for Tanda TPP, Stage-II, Parameter Unit Characteristics Ash % 28% to 44% GCV Kcal/kg 3350 Sulphur % 0.3-0.5 Heat Rate Kcal/KWh 2450

2.2.3 Water 2.2.3.1 Source, Requirement and Availability of Water The source of water for the project is Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river which flows at a distance of about 4 kms from the plant boundary. Make up water requirement for this project would be about 4400 m3/hr with ash water re-circulation system and about 6700 m3/hr with once through ash water system. Govt. of Uttar Pradesh vide dated 20.08.07 has given water commitment for availability of 65 Cusecs of water from the Canal.

2.2.3.2 Makeup water system A raw water pump house shall be provided near the reservoir in the plant to supply water to Water Pre Treatment Plant and Ash handling System. The water balance diagram for Tanda TPP, Stage-II, is shown in Exhibit 2.2.1(a) and (b). Raw water is proposed to be used for ash handling during once through ash water system while clarified water shall be used as make up to CW system.

2.2.3.3 Circulating Water System Tanda TPP, Stage-II shall have closed cycle cooling system with cooling towers. The make-up water requirement for the condenser and auxiliary cooling is estimated to be about 3,705 m3/hour.

2.2.4 Transmission System The power generated will be evacuated through a transmission system to be evolved and implemented by Power Grid Corporation of India Ltd.

2.3 MAJOR PLANT SYSTEMS & POLLUTION CONTROL SYSTEMS Various construction and operation activities to be undertaken during implementation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II, and their impacts on the environment of study area around NTPC shall be discussed in Chapter 4. Mitigation measures to control these impacts to acceptable levels shall be presented in Chapter 5.

However, based on NTPC’s vast experience with thermal power generation and existing regulatory requirements, the following pollution control systems have been in-built with the plant systems.

2.3.1 Fuel Handling Systems 2.3.1.1 Coal Handling System The coal handling plant shall consist of belt conveyors along with facilities for receiving, unloading, crushing and conveying the crushed coal to boiler bunkers and stacking/ reclaiming the coal to/ from crushed coal stockyards. The rakes shall be unloaded at the wagon tippler terminal. From the terminal the coal will be fed to the crusher house and the crushed coal from crusher house shall be conveyed to the coal bunkers or stacked on to the crushed coal stockpiles. Coal stockyards shall have crushed coal storage equivalent to approximately 30 days coal consumption for 2x660 MW unit. The receiving and unloading of rakes shall be controlled and monitored from the track hopper control room located adjacent to the track hopper. A centralized main Coal Handling Plant control room shall be provided to control and monitor the operations of the entire coal handling system. Dust suppression and service water system shall be provided throughout the coal handling plant.

2.3.1.2 Fuel Oil Handling System It is proposed that the existing storage facilities for heavy fuel oil and LDO shall be utilised to cater to the requirements of Stage-II also. Both heavy and light FO will be transferred from existing storage tanks to separate day tanks located in Stage-II area.

2.3.2 Fuel Burning System Coal combustion in furnace generates suspended particulate matter, sulphur di-oxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) as main air pollutants. Various systems to control air pollution from the combustion of coal are as follows.

2.3.2.1 Electrostatic Precipitator It is proposed to install high efficiency electrostatic precipitator to limit the outlet emission of suspended particulate matters to 100 mg/Nm3 or better while the boiler is operating at its Maximum Continuous Rating (MCR), firing worst coal having maximum ash content. Electrostatic precipitator will be provided with microprocessor based programmable type rapper control system and ESP management system to ensure the safe and optimum operation of ESP. The Electrostatic Precipitator Management System (EPMS) in conjunction with opacity monitor shall continuously monitor and maintain the optimum energy level to achieve higher efficiency of ESP.

2.3.2.2 NOx Control System For obtaining the sustained high efficiency and availability of the boiler, it shall be designed for low NOx formation by adopting the appropriate burners and high efficiency at part load.

2.3.2.3 Space Provision for Retrofitting of FGD System Space provision has been made in the lay out for the plant for retrofitting a Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) System in future, if required.

2.3.2.4 Chimney A 275 m one twin flue steel lined reinforced concrete chimney shall be provided to facilitate wider dispersion of SO2, NOx and remaining particulate matters after ESP.

2.3.3 Ash Handling System The bottom ash shall be extracted and disposed off in wet form. The fly ash shall be extracted in dry form from the electrostatic precipitator hoppers. This dry ash can either be taken to buffer hoppers for its onward transportation in dry form or can be slurrified in wetting units for its ultimate disposal in wet form to ash disposal area.

2.3.3.1 Bottom Ash Handling System Bottom ash is extracted either by using a continuously operating submerged scraper chain conveyor system or by using intermittently operating jet pumps in conjunction with a water impounded hopper. Dry type Bottom ash hoppers shall be used in case of the submerged scrapper chain conveyor system. In case of continuous BA extraction system involving submerged scrapper conveyors the bottom ash is led to an adjacent BA slurry transportation pump house from where it is transported to the slurry sump of the combined ash slurry disposal pump house using centrifugal slurry duty pumps and pipelines. In case of the intermittently operating jet pump system, the jet pumps would convey the bottom ash slurry from water impounded BA hoppers to the slurry sump of the combined ash slurry disposal pump house.

2.3.3.2 Fly ash Handling System Pneumatic conveying system (either vacuum system or pressure system) shall be employed for extraction of fly ash from the electrostatic precipitator hoppers in dry form. This dry ash shall either be taken to buffer hopper or to the wetting head/collector tank units. The dry ash buffer hoppers and wetting head/collector tank units shall be located adjacent to the ESP. Dry ash from buffer hoppers shall be transported to main storage silos located in existing silo area of Stage-I near the plant boundary. There shall be two nos. of ash silos. The storage capacity of each silo shall be provided for 8 hrs. normal production of fly ash each of one unit. The user industries shall take the dry fly ash from these silos either in closed tankers or in open tankers. For wet disposal of dry ash extracted from various ESP hoppers, the same shall be diverted to wetting head/collector tank units (by passing buffer hoppers meant for handling ash in dry form).

2.3.3.3 Ash Slurry Disposal System It is envisaged to have slurry disposal system sized for 100% generation of ash. The bottom ash slurry & fly ash slurry would be fed to common slurry pump house. The disposal areas are located about 3 km. away from plant. Four slurry disposal pumping

streams shall be provided. Two streams shall be in continuous operation with balance two streams as standby.

2.3.4 Noise Pollution Control Systems The major noise generating sources in a thermal power plant are the turbines, turbo- generators, compressors, pumps, fans, coal handling plant etc. from where noise is continuously generated. Acoustic enclosures shall be provided wherever required to control the noise level below 85 dB(A). Wherever it is not possible technically to meet the required noise levels, the personnel protection shall be provided.

2.3.5 Solid Waste Management Systems The ash management scheme for fly ash and bottom ash generated from Tanda TPP, Stage II involves dry collection of fly ash, supply of ash to entrepreneurs for utilisation, promoting ash utilisation and safe disposal of unused ash. NTPC shall make maximum efforts to utilise the fly ash for various purposes. Unused fly ash and bottom ash shall be disposed off in the ash pond. A blanket of water shall be maintained over the entire ash pond to control fugitive dust emission. After the ash pond is abandoned, it shall be reclaimed through tree plantation.

2.3.6 Water Pollution Control System The source of raw water for the project shall be Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu River. The raw water shall be treated suitably before use in various plant systems. An effluent management scheme, consisting of collection, treatment, recirculation and disposal of effluents shall be implemented in order to optimize the make up water requirement as well as liquid effluent generation. The salient features of water system for the project are described as follows: 1. Re-circulating type CW system with cooling towers have been envisaged for the project. Further, the blow down from CW system will be drawn from cold side i.e. from CW pump discharge, to ensure that there is no thermal pollution. 2. Entire CW blow down shall be utilized for the following: (i) Fire Fighting (ii) Coal Dust Suppression System (iii) Service Water System (iv) Ash Handling 3. CW system blow down water used for coal dust suppression and service water system shall be treated and recycled so as to minimise the discharge of effluents from the plant. 4. Ash water recirculation system has been envisaged. The blow down from Ash Water Recirculation System shall be discharged through a Central Monitoring Basin. 5. For oily wastes, oil water separators shall be provided. The separated oil shall be removed from the top, the water at the bottom shall be recycled or led to the plant effluent drain depending upon its quantity. 6. An independent plant effluent drainage system shall be created so as to ensure that plant effluents do not meet with storm water drainage.

7. To take care of high suspended solids from waste water of coal handling plant, coal settling ponds have been envisaged. The decanted water from the settling pond will be recycled. 8. D.M. plant regeneration waste and Condensate Polishing Unit waste shall be neutralised and discharged into ash dyke area. 9. Clarifier sludge shall be sent to ash dyke using ash slurry pumps while filter backwash shall be recycled back to the clarifier inlet. 10. All the plant effluents (boiler blow down and ash water blow down) shall be discharged through Central Monitoring Basin, which will also act as an Equalisation Chamber. From Central Monitoring Basin, the treated effluents shall be disposed off in natural water course leading to Saryu River. The sewage from plant and township shall be treated in a sewage treatment plant. It will be provided with appropriate biological treatment system to control BOD and suspended solids. The treated effluent conforming to prescribed standards shall be either utilised for plantation purposes or discharged in Saryu river.

2.4 ASH UTILISATION PLAN Ministry of Environment & Forest’s Notification on Ash Utilization dated 14-09-1999 and its amendment dated 27-08-04 stipulates that new power stations shall have to utilize ash to the extent of 30% in 3 years of commissioning and to attain 100% utilization by 9th year. NTPC limited – as a socially conscious utility considers utilization of ash produced at its coal based power station as a thrust area of its activities. Tanda Thermal Power Project Stage-II (2x660 MW) shall produce about 8000 tonne of ash per day. At this thermal power plant, various avenues for utilization of ash in application areas shall be explored. In order to meet the requirement of gazette notification for ash utilization following actions are proposed: 1. The company shall provide system for 100% extraction of dry fly ash along with suitable storage facilities. Provision shall also be kept for segregation of coarse and fine ash, loading this ash in to closed / open trucks. This will ensure availability of dry fly ash required for manufacture of fly ash based Portland Pozzolana Cement (FAPPC), asbestos cement products, use in cement concrete works, ash based building products and other uses of ash. 2. The company shall make efforts to motivate and encourage entrepreneurs to set up ash based building products such as fly ash bricks etc. 3. Fly ash brick manufacturing plant shall be set up at Barh Super Thermal Power Plant and bricks produced utilizing ash of Stage –I shall be utilized for Stage –II construction activities and also for demonstration to the local entrepreneurs to encourage them for manufacturing ash bricks in the area 4. To promote use of ash in agriculture/ wasteland development – show case project shall be taken up in the vicinity of power stations.

5. All government/ private agencies responsible for construction/ design of buildings, development of low lying areas, construction of road embankments etc. within 100 kms of the plant area shall be persuaded to use ash and ash based products in compliance of MoEF’s gazette notification. With all the efforts mentioned above - it is expected that fly ash generated at the thermal power stations shall be utilized in the areas of cement, concrete and asbestos cement products manufacturing, bricks manufacturing, road construction etc. However, in order to prepare realistic road map for 100% Ash Utilization, a detailed market study shall be carried out. Based on recommendations of the study, detailed Road Map for 100% Ash Utilization in line with MOEF gazette notification shall be prepared and submitted to regulatory authorities.

2.5 COMPLIANCE OF EXISTING UNITS WITH REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS Tanda TPP was taken over by NTPC on 15 January, 2001 with 4x110 MW units under Stage-I under operation. At the time of takeover, no records were made available by UP State Electricity Board for Stage-I units regarding Environmental Clearance from Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) or No Objection Certificate from UP Pollution Control Board. Existing units of Tanda TPP are complying with the emission and discharge standards prescribed by UP Pollution Control Board. The monitoring data is regularly submitted to UPPCB and consents under Air and Water Acts are regularly accorded by UPPCB.

2.6 ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF EXISTING UNITS 2.6.1 Air Pollution Stack emissions from each unit are monitored once in a fortnight. The statistical analysis of the levels of suspended particulate matter in the emission for the year 2007-08 are presented in Table 2.7.1.

Table 2.6.1: Levels of SPM in Stack Emissions from Tanda TPP Stage-I

Unit-I Unit-II Unit-III Unit-IV No. of Observations 27 24 27 29 Minimum 59 78 67 98 Maximum 139 149 148 148 Average 111 123 134 133

2.6.2 Water Pollution Main plant effluents and ash pond overflow from Stage-I are monitored regularly. The statistical analysis of the relevant parameters in the effluents for the year 2007-08 are presented in Table 2.6.2(a), (b) and (c).

Table 2.6.2(a): Main Plant Effluent (Stream-I) Characteristics for Tanda TPP Stage-I Parameters pH Temp. TSS O&G CODBOD Unit oC mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l No. of Observations 52 52 52 52 52 52 Minimum 7.7 15 31 2.5 18 2.1 Maximum 8.2 31 92 4.5 33 4.2 Average 7.9 23.972.4 3.5 25.13.3

Table 2.6.2(b): Main Plant Effluent (Stream-II) Characteristics for Tanda TPP Stage-I Parameters pH Temp. TSS O&G COD BOD Unit oC mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l No. of Observations 52 52 52 52 52 52 Minimum 7.3 15 37 2.3 18 2.2 Maximum 8.3 31 92 5 35 4.9 Average 7.9 23.962.6 4.0 26.83.6

Table 2.6.2(c): Ash Pond Overflow Characteristics for Tanda TPP Stage-I Parameters pH TSS O&G Unit mg/l mg/l No. of Observations 35 35 35 Minimum 7.8 26 1 Maximum 8.3 93 2 Average 8.1 63.6 1.5

2.7 STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEARANCES FOR STAGE-II An Environmental Impact Assessment Study for the Tanda TPP, Stage-II is being undertaken as per EIA Notification dated 14.09.2006 of MOEF. The Draft Terms of Reference (TOR) for EIA Study has been approved by MOEF vide letter no. J- 13012/96/2007-IA.II(T) dated 01.08.2007. The EIA Report has been prepared as per approved TOR. After Public Consultation, the EIA Report shall be revised and submitted to MOEF for obtaining environmental clearance for Stage-II.

2.8 AFFORESTATION Lay out plan of Tanda TPP, Stage-I was designed by UPSEB, with a little emphasis for provision of green belt all around main plant and township areas. Main Plant and Township for Tanda TPP, Stage-II are proposed to be located within the premises of existing plant boundary for Tanda TPP, Stage-I. Therefore, there is no space available for separate raising of Green Belts for Stage-I and II. Even with the existing constraints of space, forestation and plantation activities have already been implemented under Stage-I of the project in the form of strips and patches and the same is planned in balance available space in plant and township

areas for implementation under Stage-II. In order to compensate for non-availability of area for plantation, the plantation activities are also being undertaken in the surrounding villages, with the help of State Forest Department. So far (from 2000 to 2008), more than 1,80,000 trees have been planted.

2.9 REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT PLAN About 715 acres of additional land (175 acres for main plant and 540 acres for ash disposal) is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II of the project. A detailed socio- economic survey of the persons affected due to land acquisition for the project shall be conducted. A Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan shall be drawn in line with the R&R Policies of NTPC and Govt. of India, in consultation with the State Government and the same shall be implemented at site.

2.10 FIRE DETECTION AND PROTECTION SYSTEM A comprehensive fire detection and protection system along with fire station has been provided for existing units of NTPC. The same is envisaged for Tanda TPP, Stage-II,. This system shall generally be as per the recommendations of TAC (INDIA)/ IS: 3034 & NFPA- 850. The following protection systems are envisaged: a. Hydrant system for complete power plant covering main plant building, boiler area, turbine and its auxiliaries, coal handling plant, all pump houses and miscellaneous buildings of the plant. The system shall be complete with piping, valves, instrumentation, hoses, nozzles, hose boxes/stations etc. b. Automatic foam injection system for fuel oil/storage tanks consisting of foam concentrate tanks, foam pumps, in-line inductors, valves, piping & instrumentation etc. c. Automatic high velocity water spray system for all transformers located in transformer yard and those of rating 10MVA and above located within the boundary limits of plant, main and unit turbine oil tanks and purifier, turbine oil/lube oil piping (zoned) in turbine area, generator seal oil system, lube oil system for turbine driven boiler feed pumps, boiler burner fronts etc. This system shall consist of detectors, deluge valves projectors, valves, piping & instrumentation. d. Automatic medium velocity water spray system for cable vaults and cable galleries of main plant, switchyard control room and ESP control room consisting of smoke detectors, linear heat sensing cable detectors, deluge valves, isolation valves, piping, instrumentation, etc. e. Automatic medium velocity water spray system for coal conveyors, coal galleries, transfer points and crusher house consisting of QB detectors, Linear Heat Sensing Cables, deluge valves, nozzles, piping, instrumentation, etc. f. Automatic medium velocity water spray system for un-insulated fuel oil tanks storing fuel oil having flash point 65oC and below consisting of QB detectors, deluge valves, nozzles, piping, instrumentation, etc. g. For protection of control room, equipment room, computer room and other electrical and electronic equipment rooms,” using INERT gas system as per NFPA- 2001 would be provided.

h. Fire Detection and Alarm System - A computerised analogue, addressable type early warning system shall be provided to cover the complete power plant. Various types of fire detection shall be employed such as Multisensor type & photo-electric type smoke detection, Linear heat sensing cable detection, quartzoid bulb type heat detection, Infrared heat detection system, spot type electrical heat detectors etc.. i. Portable and mobile extinguishers, such as pressurised water type, carbon-dioxide type, foam type, dry chemical powder type, will be located at strategic locations throughout the plant. j. Required fire tenders/ engines of water type, DCP/ Foam type, trailer pump type with fire jeep etc. shall be provided in fire station. k. For the above fire water pumping station, automatic pressurisation system consisting of jockey pumps shall be provided. l. Complete instrumentation and control system for the entire fire detection and protection system shall be provided for safe operation of the complete system.

2.11 LAYOUT AND PLANT SYSTEMS General Layout Plan for the project is presented at Exhibit-2.11.1. Layout for the project is developed considering the various existing facilities of the old station. New facilities are proposed to be located such that there is a minimum interference with major existing facilities. Following the layout concept adopted for the old station, the switchyard, main plant and coal handling facilities are located similar to the old station. However, proposed plant 2x660 MW main units are proposed to be located on North-West of old plant. The main powerhouse is expanding from West to East, with permanent facilities like service building, O&M workshop, O&M stores etc. located towards close to the main plant. The ash slurry/ash water pump house is kept towards North of main plant. The intake/discharge ducts have been routed in the corridor between transformer yard and switchyard and location of CWPH is towards west of main plant, so as to minimize the length of CW ducts. The cooling towers have been located considering the safe distances from the switchyard and the main plant. The water treatment plant and the DM water facilities are located in between cooling towers and main plant block. The coal handling plant (CHP) and the coal stockyard facilities are located towards north of the main plant. The CHP shall be provided with 2 nos. of wagon tipplers.

2.12 EMISSION OF CO2 AND INTENT FOR CLAIMING BENEFITS UNDER CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM (CDM) As a part of agreement under Kyoto Protocol the CDM has been introduced to enable trading of Certified Emission Reduction (CER) between the developed countries and the developing countries. It is envisaged to take up proposed 2x660 MW, coal based Tanda TPP, Stage-II with higher steam cycle parameters with super critical technology (MS Pr: 258kg/cm2; MS Temp : 5680C ; RS Temp : 5960C as against MS Pr: 170kg/ cm2; MS Temp. : 537 0C ; RS Temp.: 5370C for 500 MW sub critical unit) as a CDM project. Adoption of higher cycle parameters will improve power plant efficiency and thereby reduce coal consumption per unit of electricity generation with

consequent reduction in CO2 emissions. The reduction in CO2 emissions for one unit of 660 MW w.r.t 500 MW sub critical unit is estimated to be of the order of approximately 0.25 million tonnes per annum. CDM revenue is one of the prime considerations for the project. It is likely to ameliorate the Internal Rate of Return and will help overcoming the various barriers related to the project. The project is an ideal case for CDM benefits, being environmentally benign with less emission of green house gases

Exhibit-2.11.1: General Layout Plan for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 2.0 PROJECT PROFILE Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 (2X660 MW) Page No.: 3-1

3.0 BASELINE DATA

The baseline environmental status with respect to various environmental components like air, noise, water, land, flora and fauna and socioeconomic being integral part of an EIA, forms the basis for predicting/assessing the environmental impacts of the proposed project. The Draft EIA Report presents the baseline data collected during March, 2008 to May, 2008 through field monitoring. Apart from field monitoring, secondary data was also collected from various sources like India Meteorological Department (IMD), Census Department, Ground Water Board etc. The field monitoring started at site on 3rd March 2008 and the same shall continue for one year. The study area for the EIA Study is shown in Exhibit 3.0.1. It comprises of area within 10 km. radius of Tanda Thermal Power Project. River Ghaghra flows from North-West to East direction almost midway of the study area. Existing units of Tanda TPP (Stage-I: 4x110 MW) are located on the right bank of Ghaghra river, i.e. South of the river. The land for main plant area of Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 MW) has been identified in the North-West direction of existing plant area, adjacent to the existing plant boundary. The general topography of the study area is flat and it is predominantly agricultural in nature. It is covered by parts of Ambedkar Nagar (South of Ghaghra river) and Basti (North of Ghaghra river) districts of Uttar Pradesh. There are about 238 villages (87 in Basti district and 151 Ambedkar Nagar district) and one Tanda Municipal Block (with 25 municipal wards) falling under the study area.

3.1 LAND USE Land is the most vital resource for sustenance of life and degradations of land due to industrialization; urbanization and population growth is a matter of concern. Therefore, it is necessary to establish the existing land use pattern to optimize the land use as well as minimize degradation due to the developmental activities. The objectives of the present study are to map the study area with respect to various land use/land cover categories and to identify the sensitive areas within 10 km radius around the project site. The land use pattern and its evolution has been established based on Census Data of 2001 and interpretation of Satellite Imagery of the study area of 2008 with limited ground truth verifications. Ground and ancillary information have been used to identify the sensitive places within 10 km radius of the proposed plant. A land use map of the study area has been developed based on the satellite imagery.

3.1.1 Land Use Classification Based on Satellite Data of the Year 2008 The land use/ land cover map based on Satellite Imagery for the year 2008 is presented in Exhibit 3.1.1. Land Use Classification of the study area with respect to major land use categories is presented in Table 3.1.1 and described in the following sections.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 3.0 BASELINE

Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 (2X660 MW) Page No.: 3-2

Exhibit 3.0.1: Map of Study Area for EIA Study for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW)

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 3.0 BASELINE

Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 (2X660 MW) Page No.: 3-3

Exhibit 3.1.1: Land Use/ Land Cover Map of Study Area Based on Satellite Imagery (2008)

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 3.0 BASELINE

Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 (2X660 MW) Page No.: 3-4

Table 3.1.1: Land Use Pattern of Study area based on Satellite Imagery (Year 2008)

S. Class Area in Ha. % of the No. Study Area 1. Agricultural Land 20,661.792 65.76 (a) Cropped Land (with crop) 13,554.588 43.14 (b) Cropped Land (without crop) 7,107.204 22.62 2. Settlements (Residential Area) 7,927.266 25.23 3. Plantation/ Green belt 1,307.072 4.16 4. Waste Land 622.116 1.98 5. Water Bodies (River/ pond/ drain/ canals) 901.180 2.87 Total 31,419.43 100.00

3.1.1.1 Build-Up Land All the residential settlements, mainly villages covering about 7927.266 Hectares area are included in this category. This settlements are well scattered throughout the study area. The built up comprises of about 25.23% of the study area.

3.1.1.2 Agricultural Land Agricultural land is the major constituent of the study area (65.76%), which indicates considerable agricultural practices in the area. The cropped land (as on the data of satellite imagery) comprises of about 13554.588 ha (about 43.14%) of the study area. The lands without crop but suitable for cultivation comprise of 7107.204 ha i.e. almost 22.62% of the study area.

3.1.1.3 Plantation There are small, scattered patches of plantation present in the study area that covers about 1307.072 ha (4.16%) of the study area.

3.1.1.4 Waste Lands The study area has a wasteland comprising of 622.116 ha i.e. 1.98% of the study area. There are distinguished patches of marshy land stretching at various places in the river side.

3.1.1.5 Water Bodies A large portion of the study area is covered with water bodies. This comprises are of rivers, canal and drains etc. Area under water bodies is 901.108 ha (2.87%). There are a few dry ponds and reservoirs that are mostly rain fed.

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Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 (2X660 MW) Page No.: 3-5

3.1.2 Land Use Classification Based on Census Data The land use pattern of the study area based on census data of 2001 is presented in Table 3.1.2.

Table 3.1.2: Land Use Pattern of the Study Area Based on Census Data Area Under Each Classification as Land Use Classification % of the Study Area Forest (Social Forest/ Green Belt) 1.24 % Agricultural Land 65.35 % Irrigated 41.49 % Unirrigated 23.86 % Culturable Waste Land 6.23 % Area not available for cultivation 27.18 % Total 100%

The data presented in Table 3.1.2 (based on Census Data for 2001) is similar to the data presented in Table 3.1.1 (based on Satellite Imagery for 2008), except for minor variations on account of the classification terminology. Agriculture is the predominant land use covering 65% of the study area.

3.1.3 Sensitive Area The study area is devoid of natural forests. No important archaeological, historical, cultural, aesthetic, religious and ecologically sensitive areas exist within the study area.

3.2 WATER USE There is only one natural water body within the study area i.e. Ghaghra River. River Ghaghra, also known as Saryu river is formed by the combined waters of Kauriyala, Girwa, Chauka and other streams, which have their origin in the mountains of Kumaun and Nepal. The Ghaghra river is also known as Saryu over the stretch of sacred town of Ayodhya to Belghat on the border of Gorakhpur. Ghaghra River flows in the form of a continually shifting channel within a broad sandy bed. During the rains it carries an immense flow, but in dry weather it shrinks to small dimensions. The river has a constant tendency to change its course during the floods, and in this manner large tracts of land from time to time are transferred either to the northern or southern banks, rendering the total area of the district subject to incessant variation. These changes have occasionally been accompanied by the formation of large islands. The study area has extensive network of irrigation canals. In addition to the canals, the ground water resources are also exploited for domestic and irrigation purposes through a number of open dug wells and tube-wells seen in the study area. The depth to groundwater table varies from 3 to 4 m.

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Irrigational Use Major demand of irrigation is met from the network of canal irrigation system in the study area. Lift irrigation, mainly from dug-wells, tube wells and occasionally from tanks/ river is also observed. The land use pattern of the study area (based on Census Data of 2001) indicates that the study area has about 8620 ha. agricultural land, out of which 5473 ha. is irrigated. In the absence of published data on water consumption for irrigation, the same has been computed on the basis of average duty (0.43 m) of paddy (the part of the duty met by irrigation water has been considered; remaining has been assumed to be met by rain water), which is the main Kharif crop in the area and average duty (0.20 m) of wheat which is the major Rabi crop in the area. Average water requirement for different crops are given in Table 3.2.1.

Estimated annual requirement of water for irrigation from surface and ground water works out to be 36.18 MCM considering that the Rabi and Kharif are the main crops of this area as well as the total agricultural land.

Table 3.2.1: Water Requirement for Principal Crops <<<, Crops Sowing time Harvesting time Average water requirement (cm/ha) A. Kharif Paddy June-July Oct-Nov. 120 Pulses June-July Nov-Dec. 30 B. Rabi Wheat Oct-Nov. March-April 40 Gram Sep-Oct. March-April 30 Mustard Oct. Feb-March 45 Vegetables Aug-Nov. Oct- April 45

Domestic Use Drinking water requirement is principally met from tube wells, dug wells and piped supply. There are about 238 villages (87 in Basti district and 151 Ambedkar Nagar district) and one Tanda Municipal Block (with 25 municipal wards) falling under the study area. The total population of the study area, as per Census of 2001 is 2,56,974 out of which about one third (83,467) is urban population and two thirds (1,73,507) is rural population. The water used for domestic purposes in the study area has been estimated to be 8.70 MCM based on average consumption of 70 liters per capita per day in rural area, 140 liters per capita per day in rural area and population based on census data of 2001. The annual water requirement within the study area is presented in Table 3.2.2.

Table 3.2.2: Domestic Water Requirement Population Average Consumption Annual Use, MCM Urban: 83,467 140 liters/capita/day 4.26 MCM Rural: 1,73,507 70 liters/capita/day 4.44 MCM Total 8.70 MCM

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Industrial Use Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-I is the only major industry in the study area, which consumes bulk quantity of water. The average annual water requirement for Tanda TPP, Stage-I (for the years 2005-06 and 2006-07) is 28.68 MCM. The annual water requirement within the study area is presented in Table 3.2.3.

Table 3.2.3: Water Uses Pattern within The Study Area

Use Requirement, MCM Agriculture 36.18 MCM Domestic 8.70 MCM Industrial 28.68 MCM Total 73.56 MCM

3.3 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS Demographic and socio-economic profile of the study area is based on Census Data for the year 2001. The census data has been analyzed with respect to demographic profile, community structure, educational facilities, occupational structure and infrastructure facilities. Villages with their major portions falling within the study area have been considered fully in the study, whereas those with their minor portions within the study area have not been considered.

3.3.1 Demographic Profile of the Study Area 3.3.1.1 Population There are about 238 villages (87 in Basti district and 151 Ambedkar Nagar district) and one Tanda Municipal Block (with 25 municipal wards) falling under the study area. The total population of the study area, as per Census of 2001 is 2,56,974 out of which about one third (83,467) is urban population and two thirds (1,73,507) is rural population. The percentages of male, female population and sex ratio are 51.85%, 48.15% and 1000 (Males): 928 (Females) respectively. There are about 36,900 households in the study area. The average family size is about 7 persons per house.

3.3.1.2 Social Structure The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 23.2% of the total population out of which male SC population is 51.6% and female SC population is 48.4%. Schedule Tribe (ST) population in the study area is negligible.

3.3.1.3 Literacy The total number of literates within the study area is 1,27,161, which is 49.48% of total population. The percentage of male and female literacy to the total literate population is 60.7% and 39.3%, respectively.

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3.3.2 Socioeconomic Condition of the Study Area The occupational structure of the population in the study area has been studied with reference to main workers, marginal workers and non-workers.

3.3.2.1 Total Workers The total workers (main workers and marginal workers) in the study area are 78,382 (30.5% of total population), out of which 78.2% are male and 21.8% are female.

3.3.2.2 Main Workers The main workers in the study area are 58,094 (22.5% of total population), out of which 88.6% are male and 11.4% are female. Main workers have been grouped into three categories namely: cultivators, agricultural labourers and other workers. Cultivators The person who is engaged either as employer; single worker or family worker in cultivation of land owned is termed as cultivator. Total cultivators in study area are 18,500 (7.2 % of total population), out of which 86.4% are male and 13.6% are female. Agricultural Labourers Persons working on the land of others for wages or share in the yield have been treated as agricultural labourers. The total workers of this category are about 8,048 (3.1 % of total population), out of which 78.6% are male and 21.4% are female. Other Workers The workers other than cultivators or agricultural labourers, who have been engaged in some economic activity, include plantation workers, commerce, business, transport, mining, construction worker etc. The total number of other workers in the study area is 31,546 (12.2% of the total population).

3.3.2.3 Marginal Workers The marginal workers are those workers, who are engaged in some work for a period of less than six months, during the reference year prior to the census survey. Total number of marginal workers in study area is 20,288 which is approximately 7.9% of the total population. The percentages of male and female marginal workers are 48.4% and 51.6% respectively .

3.3.2.4 Non Workers The non-workers include those engaged in unpaid household duties, students, retired persons, dependants, beggars etc. The total number of non-worker population is 1,78,592, which is 69.5% of the total population. In this category percentage of males is less i.e. 40.3% compare to females i.e. 59.7%

3.3.3 Availability of Infrastructural Facilities & Amenities A review of infrastructural facilities available in the area has been done on the basis of the information available in District Census Handbook for 2001. The study area as a

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whole possesses medium level of infrastructural facilities like education, health, drinking water, electrification, transport and communication.

3.3.3.1 Educational Facilities The study area has 126 Primary/ Elementary Schools, 21 High School, 2 Higher Secondary Schools and 4 Adult Literacy Centers. There are no Colleges and 1 Industrial Training Schools within the study area. The educational facilities are presented in Table 3.3.1. Table 3.3.1: Educational Facilities within the Study Area Educational Facilities No. of Schools Primary/Elementary School (P) 126 Matriculation/Secondary School (M) 21 Higher Secondary/Intermediate/ Pre-University/ 2 Junior College (H) Adult Literacy Center (AC) 4 Industrial Training School 1

3.3.3.2 Medical Facilities The medical facilities within the study area are good. There are 4 Allopathic Hospitals, 11 Primary Health Centers and 19 Maternity and Child Welfare Centers. The status of medical facilities in the study area is given in the Table 3.3.2. Table 3.3.2: Medical Facilities within the Study Area Medical Facilities No. of Units Allopathic Hospital 4 Maternity and Child Welfare Center 19 (MCW) Maternity Home 2 Health Center (HC) 10 Primary Health Sub-center (PHC) 11 Nursing Home 1 Registered Medical Practitioner (RMP) 89

3.3.3.3 Drinking Water The major sources of drinking water are hand pumps, open well and tube well.

3.3.3.4 Power Supply Electrification of the villages of the study area is very poor. The numbers of villages having electricity for domestic, agricultural and all purposes in the study area are 71.72%, 45.99% and 37.97% respectively.

3.3.3.5 Transport and Communication The study area is well connected through network of roads and railway.

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3.4 HYDRO-GEOLOGY The general topography of the study area is flat. Most of the study area is situated in Tarai region, i.e. low valley of river Ghaghra. Ghagra river originates in the southern slopes of the Himalayas near Manasarowar Lake in Tibetan plateau, in the glaciers of Mapchachungo, at an altitude of about 3962 metres (13,000 ft) above sea level. Then it cuts through the Himalayas in Nepal on its way to the confluence with the Sarda River at Brahmaghat in India where it forms the Ghaghra River, a major left bank tributary of the Ganges. It finally joins the Ganges at Chapra in Bihar, after traversing a distance of about 1080 km. Ghaghra is an important tributary of the Ganges and one of the largest affluents of the Ganges. Its total catchment area is 127,950 sq km of which 45% is in India. Ghaghra river flows in the form of continually shifting channel within a broad sandy bed. During the rains it carries as immense volume of water, but in dry weather it shrinks to small dimensions. The river has a constant tendency to change its course during the floods, and in this manner large tracts of land from time to time are transferred either to the northern or southern banks, rendering the total area of the district subject to incessant variation. These changes have occasionally been accompanied by the formation of large islands within the river bed.. The district is underlain by Quaternary alluvium brought by Ghaghra and its tributaries. It comprises of various grades of alluvium, gravel, kankar and clay. The upper belt is called 'Uparhar' and the soil texture is yellowish clay. The basin land of the rivers is mostly sandy soil, and the land adjacent to the rivers is sandy loam. The Alluvium can be classified into two groups, the Older alluvium and the Newer alluvium. • Older alluvium:- It is of middle Pleistocene age and generally occupies high ground which is not affected by floods during the rainy season. • The Newer alluvium:- It covers the lower height and is mainly conferred to the flood plains along the river channels and belongs to the upper Pleistocene to the recent age. Deposits of Sand, Kankar and Reh are the only minerals reported in the study area. The study area has four tier aquifer system: I Aquifer Group: 25-130 meters below ground level (mbgl) II Aquifer Group: 80-240 mbgl III Aquifer Group: 180-410 mbgl IV Aquifer Group: Below 470 mbgl The ground water occurs under unconfined to confined conditions. The pre-monsoon depth ranges from 2.5 to 6.19 mbgl while post-monsoon depth to water table varies from 1.20 to 6.98 mbgl. The flood plains bordering Ghaghra river have shallow water table at about 2 mbgl. The ground water resources are exploited for domestic and irrigation purposes through a number of open dug wells and moderately deep tube-wells. The yield of shallow tube wells ranges from 300 liters per minute (lpm) to more than 500 lpm while that of exploratory tube wells varies from 1900 lpm to 2800 lpm at drawdons varying from 8m to 11m. The study area still has potential for further ground water development.

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3.5 SOILS The entire study area is covered with thick alluvial soils brought by river Ghaghra and its tributaries. The main variety of soils are the loamy or dumat, the clayey or matar and the sandy Sandy soil, found along the high banks of river Ghaghra. Soils are generally calcareous and the native vegetation consists of shrubs and low grasses. As regards fertility, the study area may be grouped under the medium category. Sampling and analysis of soil samples were undertaken at ten locations within the study area, as a part of primary data generation. The soil sampling locations were identified primarily based on the local distribution of vegetation and the agricultural practices. The sampling locations are mainly selected from agricultural field. However few samples in the vicinity of ash disposal area and main plant areas of NTPC were also selected. The soil sampling locations are presented in Table 3.5.1 and shown in Exhibit 3.5.1. Table 3.5.1: Details of Soil Sampling Locations Station Location Locations with respect to site Description Code Distance Direction S1 Vidyutpurnagar 0.5 Km South West Project Site S2 Rasulpur 7.0 Km South West Agricultural Land S3 Phulpur 8.0 Km East North East Agricultural Land S4 Rustampur 7.0 Km South East Agricultural Land S5 Ghazipur 3.0 Km South east Agricultural Land, near Ash Pond S6 Jigna 4.5 Km West Agricultural Land S7 Kinwari 6.5 Km North Agricultural Land S8 Khattgaon 2.5 Km South Agricultural Land, near Ash Pond S9 Raipur 2.0 Km East Agricultural Land S10 Kishanpur 5.0 KM North-North Agricultural Land West

3.5.1 Methodology The soil samples were collected in the month of May, 2008 for Pre Monsoon season. The samples collected from the all locations are homogeneous representative of each location. At random 10 sub locations were identified at each location and soil was dug from 30 cm below the surface. It was uniformly mixed before homogenizing the soil samples. The samples were filled in polythene bags, labeled in the field with number and site name and sent to laboratory for analysis.

3.5.2 Physicochemical Characteristics of Soils 3.5.2.1 Physical Properties The results of physical analysis of the soil samples are presented in Table 3.5.2. It may be seen that the sand, silt and clay varied from 59-73% (average 66%), 9.0-20.0% (average 14.5%) and 9.0-31.0% (average 20.0%) respectively indicating that soil is sandy loam / loamy sand. The colour of the soil is brownish to blackish..

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Exhibit 3.5.1: Sampling Locations for Soil

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3.5.2.2 Chemical Properties The results of chemical analysis of the soil samples are presented in Table 3.5.3. The data shows that the pH varies from 7.29 to 8.23 indicating that the soil samples are neutral to alkaline in nature. The conductivity varies from 156 to 1425 μmhos/cm. The average concentration of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil samples varies from to 0.12 to 0.19 mg/100gm, 0.6 to 2.9 mg/100gm and 1.0 to 6.0 mg/100gm respectively. The CEC varies from 10.06 to 15.12 meq/100gm.

Table 3.5.2: Physical Characteristics of the Soils (Pre-monsoon) Location Name Colour Texture Sand, % Silt, % Clay, % Vidyutpurnagar Brown Loamy Sand 71 20 9 Rasulpur Brown Sandy Loam 64 9 27 Phulpur Brown Sandy Loam 61 9 30 Rustampur Brown Sandy Loam 59 10 31 Ghazipur Brown Sandy Loam 62 9 29 Jigna Brown Sandy Loam 60 9 31 Kinwari Brown Sandy Loam 60 9 31 Khattgaon Black Sandy Loam 60 11 29 Raipur Brown Loamy Sand 73 9 18 Kishanpur Brown Sandy Loam 64 9 27

Table 3.5.3: Chemical Characteristics of Soils (Pre Monsoon)

Location Name Conductivity, Nutrients (mg/100g) CEC pH μmho/cm N P K (meq/100g) Vidyutpurnagar 8.20 167 0.12 1.2 6 15.12 Rasulpur 7.89 245 0.16 2.3 1 10.06 Phulpur 8.23 295 0.15 0.6 2 10.98 Rustampur 7.79 424 0.17 2.8 2 11.80 Ghazipur 7.86 165 0.15 2.7 1 10.70 Jigna 7.75 156 0.15 0.9 3 10.92 Kinwari 7.34 200 0.18 1.6 2 11.70 Khattgaon 7.29 1425 0.13 0.6 5 10.90 Raipur 7.35 266 0.19 2.9 2 12.24 Kishanpur 7.38 434 0.16 0.7 3 10.92

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3.6 WATER QUALITY Surface and ground water quality within the study area has been established through monthly monitoring of physio-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of surface and ground water sources at seven locations, as presented in Table 3.6.1 and shown in Exhibits 3.6.1 & Exhibit 3.6.2. In addition, the treated effluent quality for existing units of Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-I (both main plant effluent and sanitary effluent) was also monitored on monthly basis.

Table 3.6.1: Location of Water Quality Monitoring Stations

Station Station Name Location w.r.t.Site Description Code Distance Direction SW1 Ghaghara River 1.5 Km NorthWest Upstream of Tanda TPP SW2 Ghaghara River 0.5 Km East Downstream of Tanda TPP GW1 Fathepur 1.5 Km South West Bore well GW2 Khattgaon 2.5 Km South Bore well GW3 Jaganpur 3.5 Km South West Bore well GW4 Keshopur pach pokra 2.0 Km East Bore well GW5 Semaria 2.5 Km South East Bore well MPE1 Treated Main Plant Effluents MPE2 Treated Sewage from Township MPE3 Ash Pond Effluent

Grab samples were collected from all the sampling locations and analyzed for relevant physical, chemical and bacteriological parameters. Collection and analysis of the samples was carried out as per established standard methods and procedures: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Waste Water and relevant IS Codes. This report presents data for the period of March,2008 to February,2009. Analyses of parameters like temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and alkalinity were carried out at the sampling stations immediately after collection of samples with the help of Field Analysis Kits. For analysis of other parameters, the samples were preserved and brought to laboratory at Noida. The metallic constituents like arsenic, mercury, lead, cadmium, chromium, copper, zinc, selenium, iron and manganese were analyzed with Atomic Absorption Spectroscope.

3.6.1 Surface Water Quality The monitoring data for River Gharghra upstream and down stream of the project and presented in Table 3.6.2. The physio-chemical characteristics of River Gharghra Water are good, conforming to drinking water standards, prescribed in IS: 10500 (Test Characteristics for Drinking Water). However, the water shows significant bacteriological contamination.

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Treated effluent quality for Main Plant Effluents, Treated Sewage and Ash Pond Effluents from existing units were also monitored on monthly basis and the data is presented in Table no. 3.6.3. The effluent quality conforms to the discharge standards stipulated by MOEF. Although an increase in dissolved solids and hardness is observed in the effluents when compared to raw water quality of Ghaghara river, the pollution parameters (like BOD, COD, Oil and Grease, Phenolic Compounds, Heavy Metals etc.) are within the limits.

3.7.2 Ground Water Quality The monitoring data for ground water quality is presented in Table 3.6.4 (a) and (b). The physio-chemical characteristics of ground water samples, including heavy metal content conform to drinking water quality standards at four locations (Fathepur, Jaganpur, Keshopur pach pokra and Semaria). At Khattgaon, the Dissolved Solids and Total Hardness parameters exceed the desirable limits for these parameters, although the same are within the permissible limits for drinking water in the absence of alternate source of water. The ground water at all the five locations is free from pollution.

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Exhibit 3.6.1: Sampling Locations for Surface Water

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Exhibit 3.6.2: Sampling Locations for Ground Water

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Table 3.6.2: Surface Water Quality in Study Area Ghaghara River Ghaghara River Upstream Tanda Downstream Tanda S.No. Parameters Units TPP TPP Min. Max. Min. Max. 1 pH 7.2 7.7 7.2 7.72 2 Temperature oC 19 29 19 30 3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.9 5.8 4.92 5.9 4 Conductivity μS/cm 287 422 300 424 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 5 15 8 16 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 170 260 180 255

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 110 158 110 160 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 95 130 105 125 9 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 68 82 12 80

10 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 26 48 30 45 11 Sodium mg/l 23 34 19 35 12 Potassium mg/l 2 9 2 8 13 Chloride mg/l 10 13 9 16 14 Phosphate mg/l 0.01 .05 .01 ,04 15 Sulphate mg/l 5 6.9 7.2 18 16 Nitrate mg/l 0.6 .95 0.65 .9 17 Oil & Grease mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 19 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 5 10 5 12 20 Biological Oxygen Demand mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 21 Arsenic mg/l <.005 <.005 <.005 <.005 22 Mercury mg/l <.001 <.001 <.001 <.001 23 Lead mg/l <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 24 Cadmium mg/l <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 25 Hexavalent chromium mg/l <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 26 Copper mg/l .01 .01 <.01 <.01 27 Zinc mg/l <.01 <.02 <.01 <.02 28 Selenium mg/l <.005 <.005 <.005 <.005 29 Iron mg/l <.01 <.01 <.01 <.01 30 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 450 630 460 610

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Table 3.6.3: Effluent Quality of Existing Units at Tanda TPP, Stage-I Treated Main Plant Ash Pond Treated Sewage S.No. Parameters Unit Effluent Effluent Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 1 pH 7.26 7.7 6.28 7.5 7.3 7.9 2 Temperature oC 20 30 21 25 20 29 3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 3.2 4.8 2.3 4.7 3.0 4.4 4 Conductivity μS/cm 604 640 1310 1456 610 652 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 30 39 30 42 22 34 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 390 430 810 842 390 428

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 202 220 310 340 205 216

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 170 198 352 387 175 200 9 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 125 133 204 218 101 122 10 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 40 66 138 172 72 98 11 Sodium mg/l 30 44 82 97 33 43 12 Potassium mg/l 6 10 21 28 4 4 13 Chloride mg/l 34 42 204 216 22 36 14 Phosphate mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.68 0.9 0.04 0.08 15 Sulphate mg/l 29 36 121 140 40 50 16 Nitrate mg/l 0.15 0.24 0.55 0.72 1.2 1.46 17 Oil & Grease mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 19 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 7 11 10 18 <4 <4 20 Biological Oxygen Demand mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 21 Arsenic mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 22 Mercury mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Hexavalent chromium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Zinc mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Selenium (as Se), (mg/l) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 29 Iron (mg/l) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 30 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 810 874 5200 5540 410 510

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Table 3.6.4(a): Ground Water Quality in Study Area Fathepur Khattgaon Jaganpur S.No. Parameters Unit Min. Max. Min. Min. Max. Max. 1 pH 7.3 7.78 7.1 7.4 7.0 7.63 2 Temperature oC 22 32 21 30 21 31 3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.2 5.8 4.0 5.5 4.2 5.6 4 Conductivity μS/cm 495 542 1040 1410 554 646 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 225 358 418 640 304 368

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 150 289 300 448 210 246 8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 205 245 402 466 160 208 9 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 120 151 238 315 99 138

10 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 66 95 94 198 46 63 11 Sodium mg/l 12 16 70 86 24 32 12 Potassium mg/l 3 6 9 25 5 11 13 Chloride mg/l 5 10 77 103 12 18 14 Phosphate mg/l 0.001 0.001 0.06 0.09 0.01 0.04 15 Sulphate mg/l 12 16 30 42 9 13 16 Nitrate mg/l 0.12 0.32 0.02 0.05 0.69 0.91 17 Oil & Grease mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 19 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 <4 20 Biological Oxygen Demand mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 21 Arsenic mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 22 Mercury mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Hexavalent chromium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Zinc mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Selenium mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 29 Iron mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 30 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil

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Table 3.6.4 (b): Ground Water Quality in Study Area Kesopur pach pokra Semaria S. No. Parameters Unit Min. Max. Min. Max. 1 pH 7.44 7.72 7.12 7.83 2 Temperature oC 21 30 21 30 3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4.0 5.6 4.7 5.6 4 Conductivity μS/cm 476 552 445 560 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 282 302 310 350

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 274 292 210 250

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 194 245 174 206 9 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 117 160 96 112 10 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 42 99 64 97 11 Sodium mg/l 26 39 30 36 12 Potassium mg/l 6 12 3 10 13 Chloride mg/l 8 16 14 28 14 Phosphate mg/l 0.01 0.06 0.01 0.06 15 Sulphate mg/l 8 14 5 12 16 Nitrate mg/l 0.3 0.36 0.22 0.44 17 Oil & Grease mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil 18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 19 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l <4 <4 <4 <4 20 Biological Oxygen Demand mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 21 Arsenic mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 22 Mercury mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Hexavalent chromium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Zinc mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Selenium (as Se), (mg/l) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 29 Iron (mg/l) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 30 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml Nil Nil Nil Nil

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3.7 METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY Climatological parameters recorded during the period 1951-1980 at India Meteorological Department (IMD) Observatory at Faizabad (located at about 45 km East of the project) have been used to establish general meteorological regime of the study area while meteorological data recorded at site during the monitoring period has been used for interpretation of the baseline scenario as well as for input to prediction model for air quality. The study area experiences four seasons: ¾ Winter : December to February ¾ Pre-monsoon : March to May ¾ Monsoon (South West Monsoon) : June to September ¾ Post-monsoon (North East Monsoon) : October to November

3.7.1 Climatological Data at Faizabad Table 3.7.1 (a) and (b) presents the summary of climatological observations recorded at IMD Observatory, Faizabad during 1951-1980, with respect to significant parameters. The observatory records the meteorological parameters twice a day at 08.30 and 17.30 hours IST. The temporal distributions of maximum-minimum temperatures, rainfall and wind speed are presented in Table 3.7.1. Temperature The monthly mean values of temperature for 1951-1980 are presented in Table 3.14. It is observed that from February, the ambient temperature gradually rise till May, which is the hottest month of the year with a maximum and minimum of 39.6°C and 24.0 °C, respectively. The lowest temperature recorded was 0.8°C on January 1964, and the highest was 47.4 °C on June 1961. The annual mean of maximum and minimum temperature was 32.0°C and 18.5 °C, respectively. Relative Humidity The annual relative humidity of the area varies from 31% to 87% the lowest being in the month of April and maximum in the month of August. Relative Humidity remains high during July and August i.e Monsoon. The annual mean of Relative Humidity at 08:30 is 72% and at 17:30 is 59%. Wind Speed and Direction Analysis of wind records during 1951-1980 shows that the winds are generally light to moderate in this area. It can be seen that the annual mean wind speed varies from 1.4 to 4.7 Km/h, with annual mean being 3.2 km./hour. The strongest winds are observed during April – June i.e. Summer Season and the weakest during November-December. Rainfall About 88% of the normal rainfall is received during monsoon month i.e June to September. The average annual rainfall is 1126.1 mm and there are average 49.9 rainy day in the year. The rainiest month is August and the driest month is November.

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TABLE 3.7.1(a): CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT IMD OBSERVATORY, FAIZABAD (1951-1980) MONTH MEAN AIR TEMPERATURE Mean Dry Wet Daily Daily Highest in Lowest Wind Bulb Bulb Max Min the Month in the Speed Month (m/s) Jan. I 11.3 9.9 23.4 8.1 26.9 4.5 2.3 II 18.8 14.7 Feb. I 14.6 12.0 26.6 10.6 31.5 5.8 3.1 II 22.7 16.4 Mar. I 21.5 15.9 32.3 14.7 37.8 9.7 3.9 II 29.0 19.0 Apr. I 28.0 19.7 37.6 20.5 41.7 14.9 4.4 II 34.4 21.8 May I 30.6 22.9 39.6 24.0 43.6 19.7 4.7 II 36.7 24.2 June I 30.7 25.8 37.8 26.5 43.3 22.5 4.6 II 34.9 26.5 July I 28.7 26.5 33.4 25.8 37.8 23.1 3.9 II 30.9 27.3 Aug. I 28.2 26.5 32.7 25.5 36.1 23.4 3.5 II 29.9 27.1 Sep. I 28.1 25.7 33.0 24.3 36.0 21.2 3.0 II 29.6 26.4 Oct. I 25.3 22.4 32.7 20.0 35.2 15.4 1.9 II 27.5 23.9 Nov. I 18.7 16.3 29.5 13.3 32.4 8.8 1.4 II 22.6 18.7 Dec. I 12.6 11.2 24.8 8.7 28.3 5.3 1.7 II 18.5 15.0 Annual Total I 23.2 19.6 32.0 18.5 43.9 3.8 3.2 or Mean II 27.9 21.7 No. of Years I 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 II 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 Minimum I 11.3 9.9 23.4 8.1 26.9 4.5 1.4 Maximum II 34.9 27.3 39.6 26.5 43.6 23.4 4.7

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TABLE 3.7.1(b): CLIMATOLOGICAL DATA RECORDED AT IMD OBSERVATORY, FAIZABAD (1951-1980)

MONTH HUMIDITY CLOUD RAINFALL, mm AMOUNT Relative Vapour All Low Monthly No. of Heaviest humidity Pressure Clouds Clouds Total Rainy Fall in 24 Days Hours Jan. I 83 11.2 2.1 1.0 15.3 1.3 30.1 II 62 13.4 2.1 0.8 Feb. I 72 12.0 1.9 0.9 12.4 1.2 22.6 II 50 13.7 2.1 0.8 Mar. I 54 13.6 1.8 0.5 7.4 0.9 19.7 II 36 13.9 2.1 0.5 Apr. I 43 16.1 1.6 0.5 7.1 0.7 56.2 II 31 15.8 2.0 0.4 May I 51 21.5 1.5 0.7 21.2 1.5 44.0 II 34 19.8 1.2 0.3 June I 68 29.2 4.3 2.4 105.1 5.1 116.4 II 53 27.7 4.0 1.8 July I 84 32.8 6.4 4.9 348.9 13.4 159.3 II 76 33.0 6.1 3.6 Aug. I 87 33.1 6.4 4.8 330.8 13.6 214.2 II 80 33.7 6.1 3.5 Sep. I 82 31.1 4.6 3.3 204.8 8.5 198.8 II 77 31.7 4.6 2.8 Oct. I 76 24.8 1.7 1.1 62.9 2.7 97.2 II 72 26.6 1.9 1.0 Nov. I 77 16.7 1.3 0.4 2.0 0.2 15.0 II 67 18.6 1.4 0.4 Dec. I 83 12.1 1.5 0.5 7.2 0.8 17.3 II 67 14.3 1.6 0.4 Annual Total or I 72 21.2 2.9 1.8 1126.1 49.9 214.2 Mean II 59 21.9 2.9 1.4 No. of Years I 22 22 22 19 22 22 22 II 22 22 22 19 Min. I 31 11.2 1.2 0.3 2 0.2 15 Max. II 87 33.7 6.4 4.9 348.9 13.6 214.2

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3.7.2 Meteorological Observation at Site A continuous automatic meteorological station was installed at site to record Wind speed, Wind Direction, Relative Humidity and Temperature at 2 m and 10 m above ground. Atmospheric pressure was recorded twice a day at 0830 and 1730 hrs. Cumulative Rainfall was monitored by rain gauge on daily basis. This station was in operation for one year i.e. from March, 2008 to February, 2009. The methodology adopted for monitoring meteorological observations is as per the standard norms laid down by Bureau of Indian Standards and the India Meteorological Department (IMD). The details of instruments deployed, parameters monitored and frequency of measurements are presented in Table 3.7.2. Meteorological data recorded at site is presented in Table 3.7.3. Table 3.7.2: Instruments, Parameters and Frequency of Meteorological Monitoring at Site S.N. Parameters Instruments Frequency Continuous Automatic 1 1 Wind Speed Automatic Weather hourly Average 2 Wind Direction station (Envirotech Ambient Temperature at WM 251) 3 Two Heights 2m & 10m 4 Max. & Min Temperature Thermometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST 5 Humidity Hygrometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST 6 Atmospheric Pressure Aneroid Barometer Daily at 08:30 & 17:30 IST 7 Rainfall Rain Gauge Daily 8 Storm Visual observation Daily

Table 3.7.3: Meteorological Data Recorded at Site Monthly Mean Temperature, °C Relative Humidity, % Rainfall Atm Pressure, Wind Speed, Km/h hPA

Month Min Max Min Max mm Min Max Days Days Total Mean Mean Mean Mean Rainy average average At 08:30 08:30 At 17:30 At Monthly Rainfall, March 15.6 30.5 23.05 36 60 48.0 1.0 30.0 999.8 996.3 4.4 11.5 7.91 April 20.9 38.7 29.80 29 49 39.0 1.0 55.8 995.7 991.7 3.9 10.2 7.05 May 25.4 39.5 32.45 39 55 47.0 2.0 68.9 992.6 989.2 1.1 14.5 7.80 June 26.5 37.8 32.15 53 68 60.5 0.0 0.0 988.0 984.2 1.0 4.2 2.60 July 25.8 33.4 29.60 76 84 80.0 5.1 197.5 987.6 987.7 0.0 2.3 1.15 Aug 25.5 32.7 29.10 80 87 83.5 13.4 518.3 989.1 993.5 2.2 4.4 3.30 Sept 24.3 33.0 27.80 45 85 65.0 8.0 481.6 985.0 983.8 0.0 4.2 3.00 Oct 20.0 32.7 25.60 40 77 50.3 2.0 180.6 987.0 986.7 0.0 4.0 1.90 Nov 13.3 29.5 22.10 40 80 52.3 0.0 0.0 989.0 991.9 0.0 4.1 1.40 Dec 7.40 25.6 16.10 43 80 63.0 1.0 7.4 998.2 996.5 0.0 3.9 1.60 Jan 5.10 22.8 14.20 40 76 55.1 2.0 15.6 997.1 996.9 0.0 4.1 2.50 Feb 9.20 24.6 18.10 40 71 50.3 2.0 15.6 995.6 993.4 0.0 4.8 2.90

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The analysis of the field observation is given below:

Ambient Temperature The observed yearly minimum, maximum and average temperature is 5.10C, 39.5 0C and 25 0C, respectively.

Relative Humidity The yearly minimum, maximum and average relative humidity are 29.0%, 87.0 % and 57.8 %respectively.

Barometric Pressure The minimum and maximum monthly atm pressure varies from 985.0 to 999.8 hPA at 08:30hrs from 983.8 hPA to 996.9 hPA at 17.30hrs.

Rainfall Total rainfall from March 2008 to February 2009 is recorded as 1571.3 mm. Maximum numbers of Rainy days and maximum amount of rain occurred during the month of August, 2008.

Wind Speed Analysis of hourly wind speed shows that the winds are generally light to moderate in this area. The wind speed varies from 0.00 to 14.5 km/hr respectively and calm condition exists for 28.07% of the time.

Wind Pattern The wind rose diagram for pre monsoon, monsoon, post-monsoon and winter seasons have been drawn on the basis of hourly wind speed and direction data. The seasonal wind roses at site are given from Exhibit 3.7.1 to 3.7.4. The predominant wind direction is observed from West, South-West and North-East direction during the study period.

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Exhibit 3.7.1: Windrose for Pre-Monsoon Season at Tanda Thermal Power Project Site (March-May, 2008)

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Exhibit 3.7.2: Windrose for Monsoon Season at Tanda Thermal Power Project Site (June-August, 2008)

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Exhibit 3.7.3: Windrose for Post-Monsoon Season at Tanda Thermal Power Project Site (Sep.-Oct., 2008)

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Exhibit 3.7.4: Windrose for Winter Season at Tanda Thermal Power Project Site (Nov.,08-Feb., 09)

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Exhibit 3.7.5: Annual Windrose at Tanda Thermal Power Project Site (Mar.,08 - Feb., 09)

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3.8 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The prime objective of the baseline study with respect to ambient air quality is to establish the present air quality and its conformity to ambient air quality standards. This section describes the sampling locations, frequency of sampling and methodology adopted for monitoring ambient air quality. The results of monitoring during the study period (March, 2008- February,2009) are presented. The study area represents mostly rural environment. The sources of air pollution in the region are vehicular traffic, dust arising from unpaved village roads and domestic fuel burning.

3.8.1 Methodology Adopted for the Study 3.8.1.1 Sampling Locations, Parameters and Frequency The baseline status of the ambient air quality has been established through field monitoring data on total suspended particulate matters (TSPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur di-oxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) at Six locations within the study area. The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected and are based on the following considerations: ¾ Meteorological conditions; ¾ Topography of the study area; ¾ Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas.

The location of the monitoring stations with reference to the proposed plant site is given in Table 3.8.1 and shown in Exhibit 3.8.1.

Table 3.8.1: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Locations Direction Distance (in Km) Raipur East 2.0 Km Jigna West 4.5 Km Ghazipur South east 3.0 Km Kinwari North 6.5 Km Vidyutpur Nagar Southwest 0.5 Km Rustampur Southeast 6.5 Km

Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out with a frequency of twice a week at all six locations.

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Exhibit 3.8.1: Sampling Locations for Ambient Air

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3.8.1.2 Sampling and Analytical Techniques Respirable Dust Samplers APM-451 of Envirotech instruments are being used for monitoring Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM), Respirable fraction (<10 microns) and gaseous pollutants like SO2 and NOx. Table 3.8.2 shows the techniques for sampling and analysis for these parameters.

Table 3.8.2: Techniques Used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Parameters Technique Technical Minimum Protocol Detectable Limit (ug/m3) Total Suspended Suspended IS-5182 1.0 Particulate Matter Particulate Method (Part-IV) (Gravimetric method) Respirable CPCB Guideline IS-5182 1.0 Particulate Matter (Gravimetric method) (Part-IV) Sulphur Dioxide West and Gaeke IS-5182 5.0 (Part-II) Nitrogen Oxide Jacob & Hochheiser IS-5182 9.0 (Part-VI)

Ambient air at the monitoring location is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non- respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles and these particles fall through the cyclone's conical hopper and get collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable particulate matter (RPM) passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide a suction for sampling air through a set of impingers containing absorbing solutions for SO2 and NOx. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 lpm. TSPM and RPM have been estimated by gravimetric method. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-II, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs- Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-IV, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of NOx. Calibration charts have been prepared for all gaseous pollutants.

3.8.2 Presentation of Results The seasonal results (except for monsoon season) of ambient air quality monitoring for each monitoring location for the period March, 2008- February 2009 are presented in Table 3.8.3. Maximum, minimum and average of various parameters have been computed from the monitored data for all the locations and all the seasons. The overall assessment of ambient air quality in the area, covering all the six locations and all the six seasons are presented in Table 3.8.4. Total Suspended Particulate Matter: The maximum value for TSPM is observed at Vidyutpur Nagar, as 178.0 µg/m3 while 24 hours applicable limit is 500 µg/m3 for

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industrial and mixed use areas. The levels of TSPM in the range of 52-178 µg/m3 are observed in the area. Respirable Particulate Matter: The maximum value for RPM is observed at Vidyutpur Nagar, as 81.0 µg/m3 while 24 hours applicable limit is 150 µg/m3 for industrial and mixed-use areas. The levels of RPM in the range of 28-81 µg/m3 are observed in the area. 3 SO2: The maximum value for SO2 is observed as 14 µg/m at Vidyutpur Nagar. Relatively lower concentrations of SO2 were observed at all the sampling locations when compared to the standard limit of 120 µg/m3 for industrial and mixed-use areas. The 3 levels of SO2 in the range of 4-14 µg/m are observed in the area. NOx: The levels in all the stations show relatively higher values of NOx. The maximum value has been observed 25.0µg/m3 at Vidyutpur Nagar whereas, the standard limits is of 120 µg/m3 for industrial and mixed-use areas. The levels of NOx in the range of 5- 25µg/m3. are observed in the area. Table 3.8.3: Ambient Air Quality around Tanda TPP (Location wise Seasonal Results) Monitoring Pollutant Monitored Values in µg/m3 Location Summer Post Monsoon Winter Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Min. Max. Mean Raipur RPM 30 59 42.6 40 55 45.6 44 59 48.2 TSPM 83 129 105.3 91 123 105.4 96 129 112.7

SO2 4 12 7.3 6 10 7.2 7 12 8.6 NOX 7 15 11.2 8 14 11.5 9 15 12.5 Jigna RPM 39 61 50.1 45 53 50.3 49 56 52.4 TSPM 80 162 124 86 155 119.1 52 162 124.7

SO2 4 11 7.1 6 9 7.4 8 11 8.0 NOX 7 19 12 9 17 11.1 10 19 13.2 Ghazipur RPM 28 69 47 33 62 48.6 38 69 52.9 TSPM 78 124 100 80 119 100.3 85 124 103.6

SO2 4 12 8.8 8 11 9.6 10 12 10.1 NOX 7 19 12 9 17 13 11 19 13.8 Kinwari RPM 35 65 47.5 37 61 50.5 41 65 52.0 TSPM 103 139 123.5 115 131 125.5 121 139 127.9

SO2 5 11 7.8 7 10 8.5 8 11 9.0 NOX 7 20 12.5 9 18 13.2 10 20 14.1 Vidyutpur RPM 40 81 61.4 52 75 63.2 57 81 66.4 Nagar TSPM 120 178 146 128 169 150 135 178 153.9

SO2 5 14 9 7 12 9.4 10 14 10.0 NOX 5 25 15.2 14 22 17.9 17 25 19.7 Rustampur RPM 33 63 47 39 58 47.1 42 63 50.7 TSPM 72 134 105.2 77 127 102.1 83 134 106.7

SO2 4 13 8 6 11 8.3 7 13 9.0 NOX 8 18 12.6 11 16 13.4 12 18 16.4

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Table 3.8.4: Overall Assessment of Ambient Air Quality around Tanda TPP (Based on all Locations and all Seasons)

RPM 28 81 51.31 TSPM 52 178 118.66 SO2 4 14 8.51 NOX 5 25 13.63

3.9 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 3.9.1 Flora The study area is an intensively cultivated agricultural area and natural vegetation occurs in scattered patches mostly on vacant plots around agricultural fields and on wasteland. The natural vegetation of the study area conforms to the ‘open scrub’ type. Majority of the species growing at the site show xerophytes adaptations as revealed by spinaceous outgrowth and thick leaves. A few common plants were observed on slopes of drains and along the edge of the roads. The most common trees found in the area are Neem (Azadirachta indica), Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Jamun (Eugenia jambolana), Shahtoot (Morus alba), Mango (Mangifera indica), and Babul (Acacia arabica). Mango and Guava orchards are seen scattered over the entire area. Ornamental trees found in gardens and groves are usually those of Kachnar, Gulmohar, Ashok, Amaltas, and Chameli. There are a few patches of man-made forest in the study area. These forests mainly consist of Shishams, Eucalyptus, Babool, Neem. The main shrubs and bushes consist of Arua, Hina, Panwar, Madar, Karaunda and Mako. Main grasses are Munjkans and Patera. The list of plant species recorded in the study area are given in Table 3.9.1. Table 3.9.1: List of Vegetation in the Study Area S. No. Scientific Name Common Name Trees 1 Acacia nilotica Babool 2 Azadirachta indica Neem 3 Leucaena leucocephala Subabool 4 Aegle marmelos Bel 5 Zizyphus jujuba Ber 6 Bauhnia variegata Kachanar 7 Acacia catechu Khair 8 Bombax ceiba Tree cotton 9 Cassia fistula Amaltas 10 Cordia mixa Bahalphal 11 Dalbergia latifolia Pahari Sisso 12 Eucalyptus spp. Nilgiri 13 Ficus racemosa Fig tree

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14 Ficus benghalensis Banyan tree (Bargad) 15 Ficus religiosa Peepal 16 Dalberzia sissoo Indian Rosewood 17 Mangifera indica Aam 18 Butea monosperma Palas 19 Phoenix sylvestris Phoenix (Khajoor) 20 Shorea robusta Sal 21 Artocarpus heterophyllus 22 Syzigium cumin Jamun 23 Toona ciliata 24 Prosopis cineraria Jhand Shrubs/Grass 1 Calotropis procera 2 Capparis sepiaria 3 Zizyphus aenoplia 4 Croton sparaiflorus 5 Cenchrus ciliaris 6 Saccharum spontaneum 7 Eragrostis poaeioides 8 Cynadon dactylon

3.9.2 Ecological Sampling A field sampling was undertaken during pre-monsoon and winter seasons with the following objectives: • To assess nature and distribution of the vegetation in the area. • To assess the frequency, abundance, density and diversity index. • To evaluate the dominant species of plant and animal. • To list the endangered species (both flora and fauna), if any. • To mark the wetlands and other ecologically sensitive areas such as national parks/ sanctuaries, if any • To recognize the diversity indices of the terrestrial communities.

The terrestrial sampling was carried out using list count quadrate method and transects cutting across different habitats. The transect data is useful to describe general vegetation pattern over large area and for quantification of density and abundance of the vegetation in the study area. Three locations were selected for ecological survey, as described in Table 3.9.2 and in Exhibit 3.9.1.

Table 3.9.2: Terrestrial Ecological Sampling Locations Code Location Location w.r.t.Site Distance (k.m.) Direction TE1 Jigna 4.5 Km West TE2 Kinwari 6.5 Km North TE3 Ruthampur 6.5 Km South-west

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Exhibit 3.9.1: Sampling Locations for Ecology

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The vegetation survey was carried out by laying out a quadrate of size 10m x 10m for trees, 5m x 5m for shrubs and 1m x 1m for herbs. A total no. of 10 quadrants were laid at each station and the density, abundance and species diversity index of different species were calculated. The results are presented in Tables 3.9.3 to 3.9.5.

Table 3.9.3(a): Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of Different Species at Jigna (TE1) – Pre-monsoon Total No. of S. No. Name of Species Density Abundance Species (n) 1 Butea monosperma 65 6.5 0.65 2 Thevetia peruviana 40 4 0.57 3 Prosopis juliflora 18 1.8 0.30 4 Zizyphus mauritiana 37 3.7 0.41 5 Ficus religiosa 24 2.4 0.30 6 Tamrindus indica 27 2.7 0.34 7 Calliandra haematocephala 24 2.4 0.27 8 Daucus carota 16 1.6 0.40 9 Cyprus rotendus 38 3.8 0.48 10 Polyanthus tuberosa 10 1 0.33 11 Tectona grandis 76 7.6 0.76 12 Pinus roxburghii 41 4.1 0.41 13 Bambusa vulgaris 20 2 0.22 14 Dalbergia sisso 10 1 0.13 15 Oryjza aritineum 42 4.2 0.42 16 Aacia catechu 7 0.7 0.12 Total No. of Species 495 Species Diversity Index 0.995

Table 3.9.3(b): Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of Different Species at Jigna (TE1) - Winter Total No. of S. No. Name of Species Density Abundance Species (n) 1 Butea monosperma 65 6.5 0.65 2 Thevetia peruviana 45 4.5 0.56 3 Achyranthus aspera 15 1.5 0.21 4 Parthenium hysterophorus 39 3.9 0.56 5 Prosopis juliflora 21 2.1 0.26 6 Zizyphus mauritiana 49 4.9 0.54 7 Ficus religiosa 24 2.4 0.30 8 Tamrindus indica 45 4.5 0.56 9 Datura stramonium 38 3.8 0.54 10 Calliandra haematocephala 22 2.2 0.24 11 Daucus carota 21 2.1 0.53 12 Cyprus rotendus 42 4.2 0.53 13 Polyanthus tuberosa 33 3.3 0.66

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14 Tectona grandis 61 6.1 0.68 15 Pinus roxburghii 41 4.1 0.41 16 Bambusa vulgaris 43 4.3 0.48 17 Dalbergia sisso 31 3.1 0.34 18 Oryjza aritineum 30 3 0.33 19 Aacia catechu 7 0.7 0.14 Total No. of Species 672 Species Diversity Index 1.229

Table 3.9.4(a): Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of Different Species at Kinwari (TE2) – Pre-monsoon Total No.of S. No. Name of Species Density Abundance Species (n) 1 Cassia macrocarpa 29 2.9 0.36 2 Calliandra haematocephalla 44 4.4 0.49 3 Liqustrum lucidum 13 1.3 0.16 4 Calamondin orange 31 3.1 0.39 5 Dalbergia sisso 84 8.4 0.84 6 Delonix regia 44 4.4 0.88 7 Rosa serica 40 4 0.57 8 Elacocarpus reticulatus 12 1.2 0.20 9 Sparsiflorus vanmirch 32 3.2 0.53 10 Cassia fistula 11 1.1 0.18 11 Polyalthia longifolia 5 0.5 0.10 12 Inga dulicis 11 1.1 0.28 13 Bahunia variegata 21 2.1 0.42 14 Punica grantum 8 0.8 0.27 15 Eugenia myrtifolia 6 0.6 0.12 16 Eugenia uniflora 10 1 0.17 Total No. of Species 401 Species Diversity Index 0.835

Table 3.9.4(b): Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of Different Species at Kinwari (TE2) – Winter Total No. of S. No. Name of Species Species (n) Density Abundance 1 Cassia macrocarpa 29 2.9 0.36 2 Calliandra haematocephalla 44 4.4 0.49 3 Liqustrum lucidum 13 1.3 0.16 4 Calamondin orange 32 3.2 0.36 5 Dalbergia sissoo 84 8.4 0.84 6 Delonix regia 44 4.4 0.88 7 Rosa serica 40 4 0.57 8 Elacocarpus reticulatus 16 1.6 0.23 9 Acacia indica 44 4.4 0.73

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10 Sparsiflorus vanmirch 34 3.4 0.57 11 Cassia fistula 12 1.2 0.20 12 Polyalthia longifolia 10 1 0.17 13 Inga dulicis 12 1.2 0.24 14 Bahunia variegata 23 2.3 0.38 15 Cienna linn 24 2.4 0.48 16 Punica grantum 9 0.9 0.23 17 Eugenia myrtifolia 8 0.8 0.13 18 Eugenia uniflora 13 1.3 0.19 Total No. of Species 491 Species Diversity Index 0.976

Table 3.9.5(a): Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of Different Species at Ruthampur (TE3) – Pre-monsoon Total No. of S. No. Name of Species Density Abundance Species (n) 1 Polyalthia longifolia 31 3.1 0.39 2 Eucalyptus spp. 50 5 0.83 3 Tectona grandis 26 2.6 0.43 4 Dalbergia sissoo 37 3.7 0.53 5 Cynodon dactylon 38 3.8 0.48 6 Grivilea robusta 18 1.8 0.26 7 Emblica officinalis 35 3.5 0.44 8 Butea monosperma 24 2.4 0.30 9 Artocarpus lakoocha 27 2.7 0.39 10 Ficus glomerata 24 2.4 0.27 11 Albezia lebbek 17 1.7 0.43 Total No. of Species 327 Species Diversity Index 1.100

Table 3.9.5(b): Density, Abundance and Species Diversity Index of Different Species at Ruthampur (TE3) – Winter Total No. of S. No. Name of Species Density Abundance Species (n) 1 Polyalthia longifolia 32 3.2 0.40 2 Eucalyptus spp. 49 4.9 0.82 3 Tectona grandis 28 2.8 0.40 4 Dalbergia sisso 38 3.8 0.54 5 Cynodon dactylon 44 4.4 0.55 6 Grivilea robusta 24 2.4 0.30 7 Emblica officinalis 37 3.7 0.46 8 Butea monosperma 24 2.4 0.30 9 Artocarpus lakoocha 29 2.9 0.41 10 Ficus glomerata 27 2.7 0.30 11 Albezia lebbek 18 1.8 0.36 Total No. of Species 350 Species Diversity Index 1.125

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3.9.3 Crops The major agricultural crops are Wheat (Triticum aestivum), Maize (Zea mays), Rice (Oryza sativa), and Millets (Sorghum vulgare). A number of leguminous crops are grown for crop rotation purpose such as Moong (Phaseolus mungo), Masoor (Lens culnaris), Arhar (Cajanus cajan), Gram (Cicer arietinum), and Pea (Pisum sativum). Cash crops like Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are also grown in the area.

3.9.4 Fauna The domestic animals observed in the study area are mainly mammals, as listed in the Table 3.9.6. In absence of natural forests in the study area as shown in satellite imaginary and also confirmed by Forest Department, Ambedkar Nagar District, no wild animals are found in the study area. A list of Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Rodents based on information gathered from local enquiries and Forest department is presented in Table- 3.9.7. Table 3.9.6: List of Domestic Fauna Observed in the Study Area S. No. Zoological Name Common Name 1. Bos indicus Cow 2. Bubalus indicus Buffalo 3. Cains familieris Dog 4. Capra hircus Goat 5. Equus cabilus Horse 6. Equus hermionus Ass 7. Felis domesticus Cat 8. Ovius polic Sheep 9. Sus cristatus Pig

Table 3.9.7: List of Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Rodents Observed in the Study Area S No. Scientific Name Common Name 1. Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl 2. Alcedo atthis Common Kingfisher 3. Cucculus micropterus Indian Cuckoo 4. Columba livia Rock Pigeon 5. Streptopelia chinensis Spotted Dove 6. Eudynomys scolopacea Asian Koel 8. Corvus splendens House Crow 10. Prinia hodgsonii Grey-breasted Prinia 11. Pycnotus jacosus Red-whiskered Bulbul 12. Ploceus philippinus Baya Weaver REPTILES 1. Calotes versicolor Garden lizard

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2. Varanus monitor Monitor lizards 3. Geoclemys hamiltonic North Indian fresh water turtle 4. Lessemys punctatus Pond turtle 5. Testudo elegans Indian tortoise AMPHIBIAN 1. Bufo malanostidus Toad 2. Rana cynophlyctis Frog 3. Rana tigrina Frog RODENTS 1. Bandicota indica Bandicoot rat 2. Mus muscatus Mouse 3. Rathus rathus House rat 4. Ratufa indica Squirrel

3.9.5 Wildlife Sanctuary/National Park No wildlife sanctuary or national park exists within a radius of 10 km. of Tanda Thermal Power Project.

3.9.6 Endangered Species With reference to the list of endangered species prepared by Botanical Survey of India (BSI) and Zoological Survey of India (ZSI), Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, none of the species present in the study area belonged to the 'endangered' category.

3.10 AQUATIC ECOLOGY The biological species (Fishes, Phytoplankton, Zooplankton etc.) specific for a particular environmental condition are the best indicators of environmental quality. Information on the impact of environmental stress on the community structure serves as inexpensive and efficient early warning and control system to check the effectiveness of the measures to prevent damage to a particular ecosystem. Phytoplankton and Zooplankton are indicators of environmental stress. The quality and quantity of such biological species in a particular environment largely depends on various physio-chemical characteristics of water such a pH, conductivity, nutrients, BOD, alkalinity etc.. With increasing levels of pollution, diversity of plankton decreases. Higher the value of diversity, higher the stability to resist the adverse environmental factors. Ghaghara river is the only major aquatic ecosystem in the study area. During the rains it carries an immense flow, but in dry weather it shrinks to small dimensions. There are no commercial fishing grounds and spawning and breeding areas of the fishes in the area. A seasonal field sampling was undertaken at the three locations, as presented in Table 3.10.1 and Exhibit 3.9.1 during pre-monsoon season.

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Table 3.10.1: Aquatic Ecology Sampling Locations Station Location w.r.t. Site Description Code Station Name Distance (km.) Direction

AE1 Up stream Ghaghara River 1.5 Km NW Up stream AE2 Down stream Ghaghara River 5 Km E Down stream AE3 Down stream Discharge Point 0.5 Km E Down stream

The names of observed genera of phytoplankton, zooplanktons and fishes are presented in Tables 3.10.2, 3.10.3 and 3.10.4.

Table 3.10.2: Phytoplanktons Observed During the Study S. Up stream Down stream Down stream No. Ghaghara River Ghaghara River Discharge Point 1 Spyrogyra spp. Spyrogyra spp. Nitzshaia spp. 2 Oscillatoria spp. Oscillatoria spp. Chlorella spp. 3 Bacteriastrum delicatulum Bacteriastrum delicatulum Oscillatoria spp. 4 Nitselia clostrium Navicula lyra Navicula lyra 5 Navicula lyra Chlorella spp. 6 Rhizosolenia robusta

Table 3.10.3: Zooplanktons Observed During the Study S. Up stream Down stream Down stream No. Ghaghara River Ghaghara River Discharge Point 1 Favella bervi Favella bervi Brachionnus unceolaries 2 Didhyes spp. Didhyes spp. Brachionnus plicatills 3 Bivalve spp. Bivalve spp. Monstyla bulla 4 Gastropod veliger Gastropod veliger Gastropod veliger 5 Copepod nauplius Copepod nauplius Copepod nauplius 6 Brachious urceolaries Brachious urceolaries Centropages furcatus 7 Nannocalanus minor Nannocalanus minor 8 Centropages furcatus Centropages furcatus

Table 3.10.4: Fishes Observed During the Study S. No. Up stream Down stream Ghaghara Down stream Ghaghara River River Discharge Point 1 Catla catla Labeo calbasu Labeo calbasu 2 Tor mosal Labeo gonius Labeo gonius 3 Labeo rohita Labeo bata Labeo bata 4 Labeo calbasu Catla catla Catla catla 5 Labeo gonius Labeo rohita Labeo rohita 6 Labeo bata

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3.10.1 Ecological Sensitive Areas and Rare and Endangered Species There are no ecologically sensitive areas within 25 km from the plant site. During the study no rare or endangered species of aquatic flora and fauna was observed or reported in the study area.

3.11 NOISE Noise is said to be defined as an unwanted sound. It is, therefore, necessary to measure the environmental noise in and around the power plant.

3.11.1 Methodology The intensity of sound energy in the environment is measured in a logarithmic scale and is expressed in a decibel (dB) scale.Ordinary sound level meter measures the sound energy that reaches the microphone by converting it into electrical energy and then measures the magnitude in dB. In a sophisticated type of sound level meter, an additional circuit (filters) is provided, which modifies the received signal in such a way that it replicates the sound signal as received by the human ear and the magnitude of sound level in this scale is denoted as dB(A). The sound levels are expressed in dB(A) scale for the purpose of comparison of noise levels, which is universally accepted by the international community. Noise levels were measured using an Integrating sound level meter manufactured by Cygnet (Model No. 2031). It has an indicating mode of Lp and Leq. Keeping the mode in Lp for few minutes and setting the corresponding range and the weighting network in “A” weighting set the sound level meter was run for one hour time and Leq was measured at all locations. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM and night noise levels, during 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM at all the ten locations covered in 10 km radius of the study area.

The L10, L50, L90, Leq, Ld, Ln, and Ldn were computed based on the sound pressure level recorded. These are defined as follows:

L10 - The noise level that exceeds 10% of the time (measure of peak noise level).

L50 - The noise level that exceeds 50% of the time (measure of average noise level).

L90 - The noise level that exceeds 90% of the time (measure of background noise level).

Leq- 24 Hourly equivalent continuous noise level

Ld - Daytime Leq that has computed from 6.00 AM to 10.00 PM.

Ln - Nighttime Leq , that is computed from 10.00 PM to 6.00 AM. 3.11.2 Types of Sound Fields Based on the distance from the source of sound generation, the types of sound field are identified. They are of three types viz. (i) Free Field (ii) Near Field and (iii) Far Field.

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3.11.2.1 Free Field The sound waves that propagate without obstruction from source to the receiver are free field. The sound waves obey the inverse square law so that sound pressure level decreases by 6 dB(A) as the distance is doubled. Such a field is known as free field.

3.11.2.2 Near Field This field is located within a few wavelengths of the source and it is also influenced by the dimensions of the source. The inverse square law does not apply in this field.

3.11.2.3 Far Field The far field has two parts one is known as free part and the other as reverberation part. In the free part of the far field, the sound pressures level obeys the inverse square law and propagate without obstruction from source to the receiver. The reverberant part of the field exists for enclosed situation where the reflected sound waves are superimposed on the incident sound waves. If there are many reflected waves from all possible direction, a diffuse sound field exists.

3.11.3 Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise generating sources in the area. The noise survey was conducted in the month of May, 2008 and February, 2009 to assess the background noise levels in different zones. viz. industrial, commercial, residential and silence zones. The sampling locations for noise are confined to commercial and residential area. Ten (10) sampling locations were selected for the sampling of noise, out of which eight are in residential area and two in commercial area. The sampling locations are shown in Exhibit 3.11.1 and also given in Table 3.11.1. Table 3.11.1: Noise Level Monitoring Stations S. Station Station Name Location w.r.t.Site Description No. Code Distance Direction 1 N1 Ruthampur 6.5 Km South West Residential Area 2 N2 Ghazipur 3.0 Km South South East Residential Area 3 N3 Jigna 4.5Km West Residential Area 4 N4 Kinwari 6.5 km North Residential Area 5 N5 Khattgaon 2.5 Km South Residential Area 6 N6 Raipur 2.5 Km East Residential Area 7 N7 Kishanpur 5.0 KM North North East Residential Area 8 N8 Vidyutpurnagar 1.0 KM West Residential Area 9 N9 Rashulpur 6.5 KM South West Commercial Area 10 N10 Phulpur 8.0 Km East North East Commercial Area

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Exhibit 3.11.1: Sampling Locations for Noise

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3.11.4 Ambient Noise Standards Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) has notified the noise standards vide gazette notification dated February 14, 2000 for different zones under the Environment Protection Act (1986). These standards are given in Table 3.11.2.

Table 3.11.2: Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Noise dB (A) L Area Code Category of Area eq Day time* Night time* A Industrial Area 75 70 B Commercial Area 65 55 C Residential Area 55 45 D Silence Zone 50 40

Note: 1. Daytime is from 6.00am to 10.00pm and Nighttime is from 10.00pm to 6.00a m. 2. Silence zone is defined as area up to 100 meters around premises of hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicle hours, loud speakers and bursting of crackers are banned in these zones

3.11.5 Results and Discussion The data on noise levels is given in Table 3.11.3 for May 2008 and Table 3.11.4 for February, 2009. In May, 2008, the noise levels range between 38.5 and 50.2 dB (A) during daytime and 33.6 to 48.3 dB(A) during night time. In February, 2009, the noise levels range between 39.8 and 52.5 dB (A) during daytime and 38.4 to 40.3 dB(A) during night time. The noise levels observed are well within the prescribed limits for the corresponding areas (Residential and Commercial Areas).

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Table 3.11.3(a): Hourly Leq Noise Levels (May,2008) Time Locations (Hours) N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 06-07 43.3 42.5 42.5 45.6 42.3 45.8 41.9 42.3 43.6 44.5 07-08 49.8 40.7 45.1 41.3 43.2 42.1 42.0 46.9 53.9 41.8 08-09 42.8 44.3 49.2 45.6 44.0 52.3 45.9 50.8 44.2 49.8 09-10 49.8 43.6 48.1 41.2 46.0 42.3 40.9 59.1 46.1 43.6 10-11 47.8 45.8 44.7 42.5 47.2 53.6 45.0 52.4 43.5 39.5 11-12 48.9 44.2 44.6 35.6 45.3 55.6 45.1 57.8 42.3 37.7 12-13 45.9 44.3 48.7 44.1 46.2 54.9 46.5 39.6 40.5 37.9 13-14 48.9 44.0 46.3 44.7 44.3 58.9 44.2 37.5 41.2 35.4 14-15 43.8 45.1 45.7 42.3 45.1 48.7 46.3 36.2 43.6 33.9 15-16 53.6 43.2 48.9 45.6 39.6 46.3 45.9 34.8 41.2 38.9 16-17 53.6 46.1 47.8 39.5 36.4 41.8 46.0 39.7 42.6 37.9 17-18 48.9 42.3 46.7 36.5 37.7 42.8 45.1 40.2 41.5 37.8 18-19 46.3 42.8 44.3 38.9 34.2 41.5 44.3 53.9 42.6 43.8 19-20 43.2 39.8 45.7 34.9 33.7 35.3 42.8 40.2 44.2 46.8 20-21 43.4 38.4 39.1 38.2 35.8 33.2 39.7 39.1 38.6 41.5 21-22 41.2 37.8 40.3 36.5 32.9 36.8 38.1 38.2 39.4 38.6 22-23 47.8 38.9 39.7 45.6 39.6 37.8 38.1 39.8 35.7 46.4 23-00 48.9 37.8 35.4 48.9 37.2 36.2 37.2 38.7 36.2 45.8 00-01 46.8 36.5 35.6 36.7 36.1 35.2 35.3 37.4 34.8 43.6 01-02 42.6 34.8 36.3 36.7 35.2 36.3 35.4 36.2 33.1 48.9 02-03 38.9 36.5 35.9 33.8 36.1 37.1 35.6 35.9 32.4 39.7 03-04 38.9 36.7 33.9 38.4 35.3 35.4 36.9 38.7 30.9 37.4 04-05 38.6 42.3 35.7 36.8 36.8 36.3 35.2 39.6 30.2 37.2 05-06 39.8 42.6 39.3 39.4 31.4 33.2 38.1 38.4 30.1 36.3 Average 45.6 41.8 42.5 41.2 39.7 42.3 36.8 45.6 39.7 41.0 Table 3.11.3(b): Day Time and Night Time Noise Levels N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Day time

L10 49.8 44.0 46.3 44.7 44.5 58.9 44.0 46.7 53.9 44.3 L50 48.9 40.1 43.1 41.0 42.1 48.4 41.2 39.1 41.2 41.3 L90 43.4 38.4 39.1 38.2 35.8 39.2 39.7 37.4 38.6 35.4 Ld 49.6 44.1 46.9 44.9 45.2 50.2 44.3 38.5 45.1 41.8 Night time

L10 47.8 38.9 39.7 45.6 39.6 37.8 38.1 39.8 35.7 48.9 L50 42.6 34.8 36.3 37.2 35.2 36.1 35.4 35.6 33.1 46.4 L90 38.6 31.2 35.7 36.8 34.8 35.3 34.1 34.7 30.2 37.2 Ln 44.0 35.0 36.6 38.0 35.3 36.3 35.5 36.2 33.6 48.3 Leq Day & Night

Ldeq 49.6 44.1 46.9 44.9 45.2 50.2 44.3 38.5 45.1 41.8

Lneq 44.0 35.0 36.6 38.0 35.3 36.3 35.5 36.2 33.6 48.3

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Table 3.11.4(a): Hourly Leq Noise Levels (February,2009) Time N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 06.-07. 41.2 40.3 40.9 43.2 40.7 43.6 41.2 48.5 42.8 42.9 07.-08. 45.2 38.2 43.7 38.5 42.5 41.4 40.7 50.3 47.9 41.7 08.-09 41.2 42.4 46.2 42.1 41.2 50.5 43.8 55.3 47.1 45.6 09-10. 46.2 39.7 44.8 38.3 42.1 37.4 38.3 54.7 45.3 41.2 10.-11. 43.8 40.6 41.2 40.4 45.8 48.3 42.1 52.8 42.4 41.9 11.-12. 46.2 42.2 41.7 38.7 43.3 52.8 43.4 55.4 41.8 39.7 12-01. 44.0 42.8 44.3 42.8 43.1 51.1 44.2 51.7 40.9 39.4 01-02. 46.5 43.2 44.8 42.7 41.9 55.6 42.4 54.4 40.5 39.1 02-03. 41.2 43.2 43.5 41.4 43.4 45.8 44.9 52.2 39.8 38.9 03-04. 51.1 42.7 46.5 44.4 38.9 43.4 44.9 48.8 39.4 39.4 04-05. 51.4 45.2 45.4 40.7 38.4 40.4 44.5 47.9 39.2 40.2 05-06. 47.1 41.4 45.2 41.2 39.7 41 45.6 48.2 39.4 41.3 06-07. 44.2 43.2 42.6 40.7 42.6 41.3 44.3 52.7 43.4 42.5 07-08. 43.8 42.7 44.6 42.1 42.7 43.5 43.2 53.1 44.3 39.3 08-09. 42.7 41.6 43.7 41.3 41.4 42.5 42.7 50.9 41.8 45.6 09-10. 41.2 41.7 43.1 40.7 40.9 41.6 42.1 47.1 41.4 42.1 10-11. 40.9 41.2 42.8 42.4 40.6 41.1 41.8 46.5 40.1 41.4 11-12. 40.2 40.6 41.2 41.3 40.1 40.4 40.5 45.7 39.5 41.6 12-01. 39.7 40.1 40.3 40.8 39.8 39.5 39.9 43.8 39.8 39.7 01-02. 38.3 38.4 39.3 40.1 39.1 38.1 39.3 43.9 38.9 38.3 02-03. 38.7 38.2 38.9 38.6 38.5 38.6 38.6 42.4 38.4 38.6 03-04. 38.5 38.1 38.2 38.1 38.2 38.4 38.5 42.6 38.2 38.5 04-05. 38.9 39.4 39.8 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.9 41.8 40.2 39.1 05-06. 41.2 40.7 40.3 40.5 39.8 40.3 40.3 40.6 39.1 39.7 Table 3.11.4(b): Day Time and Night Time Noise Levels N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 N8 N9 N10 Day time

L10 51.4 45.2 46.2 44.4 45.8 55.6 45.6 55.4 47.9 45.6 L50 45.2 42.1 43.5 40.6 40.3 45.3 40.3 49.0 38.4 40.2 L90 41.2 38.2 10.9 38.3 38.4 37.4 38.3 47.1 37.2 38.9 Ld 46.6 43.2 44.8 42.7 41.4 50.4 42.4 52.5 40.6 39.8 Night time

L10 41.2 41.2 42.8 42.4 40.6 41.1 41.8 41.8 40.2 41.6 L50 39.1 38.3 39.2 39.1 38.7 39.1 39.1 38.8 38.6 37.5 L90 38.3 38.1 38.2 38.1 38.2 38.1 38.1 37.5 38.2 36.2 Ln 39.4 38.5 39.5 40.3 39.2 39.2 39.2 39.5 38.9 38.4 Leq Day & Night

Ldeq 46.6 43.2 44.8 42.7 41.4 50.4 42.4 52.5 40.6 39.8

Lneq 39.4 38.5 39.5 40.3 39.2 39.2 39.2 39.5 38.9 38.4

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4.0 IMPACTS

Prediction of impacts is the most important step of environmental impact assessment. Superimposition of predicted impacts over baseline environmental scenario gives the ultimate environmental scenario. In the present study, baseline environmental scenario was established through environmental monitoring data for the period of March 2008 to February, 2009. Quantification of assessments in terms of measurable units would be the ideal method for impact assessment. Mathematical models are the best tools to quantitatively describe cause- effect relationships between sources of pollution and different components of environment. However, due to lack of information/data, uncertainties involved and complex interrelationships between various sectors of environment, it is not always possible or at least not easily achievable. In such cases, only qualitative predictions have been made based on experience and judgments. The present study uses a Simulation Model for Atmospheric Dispersion of Stack Emissions (Industrial Source Complex Version 99155 (ISCST3) of USEPA) for prediction of ambient air quality due to operation of Project “multisource noise attenuation model” for dispersion of noise. Adequacy of proposed mitigation measures has been evaluated against predicted environmental impacts and various standards notified by MOEF under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and other relevant standards/ criteria published by Bureau of Indian Standards/ other agencies. Further mitigatory measures, if necessary have been suggested in environmental management plan. As a first step, the entire power generation process has been divided into a number of smaller sub-activities for construction and operation phases. The probable impacts of each of these activities on various sectors of environment (such as air, water, soil, biotic, socio-economic environment etc.) have been identified and listed. Table 4.1 lists various activities of construction phase and their probable impacts on various sectors of environment. The impacts are classified as long term impacts and short term impacts. Mitigation measures for significant impacts are discussed in in EMP.

Table 4.1: Identification of Construction Activities and Probable Impacts Construction Sector Probable Impacts Activities A) Long Term Impacts: Land Acquisition Land • Direct Change in Land Use Pattern • Change in land use pattern in the vicinity Socio-economics • Displacements and Loss of livelihood

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 4.0 IMPACTS Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 4-2

B) Short Term Impacts: Site clearing and Air • Fugitive Dust Emissions Leveling (cutting, • Noise/ Air Emissions from construction equipment & machinery stripping, Water • Run-off from vegetation stripped area excavation, earth Land • Loss of fertile top soil movement, • Change in Drainage Pattern compaction) Ecology • Loss of vegetation/ habitat • Topographic Transformations Transportation Air • Noise and Air Emissions from Vehicles and Storage of • Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Traffic Movement Construction • Spillage and fugitive emissions of construction materials Material/ Water • Spillage of construction material and flow into streams Equipment • Run-off from Storage Areas of Construction Material Soil • Deposition of spilled construction material on soil Public • Increased flow of traffic Utilities • Congestion on roads Civil Construction Air • Noise and Air Emissions from Construction Machinery Activities • Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Movement of Traffic Water • Run-off from Construction Areas containing Constn. Material Mech. & Elec. Air • Noise & Air Emissions from Machines/ activities Erection Water • Run-off from Erection Areas containing Oils, Paints Activities Influx of Labour Socio- • Stress on infrastructure & Constn. of economics • Stress on social relations Temp. Houses Land • Change in land use pattern of the area in labour colonies Water • Sanitary effluents from labour colonies Transportation Air • Noise and Air Emissions from Transport Vehicles and Disposal of • Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Movement of Traffic Construction • Spillage and fugitive emissions of debris materials Debris Water • Spillage/ spread of debris material and flow into streams • Run-off from Disposal Areas Soil • Spillage/ spread/ deposition of debris • Conversion of land into waste land

Table 4.2 lists various activities of operation and maintenance phase and their probable impacts on various sectors of environment. Most of these impacts are long term impacts. However, the significance of most of these impacts are envisaged to be low, as discussed in the following sections.

Table 4.2 Identification of Operation and Maintenance Activities and Probable Impacts Operation and Sector Probable Impacts Maintenance Activities Transportation of Air • Noise and Air Emissions from Vehicles Coal/ Oil • Fugitive Dust Emissions due to Traffic Movement • Spillage and fugitive emissions of coal/ oil Water • Spillage of coal/ oil and flow into streams Public • Increased flow of traffic Utilities • Congestion on roads

Unloading, Crushing Air • Noise and Air Emissions from Vehicles and Storage of • Fugitive Dust Emissions from Coal Handling Areas Crushed Coal/ Water • Effluents for CHP/ Oil Storage Areas Unloading and • Effluents from Dust Extraction/ Suppression systems Storage of Oil • Run-off from Coal Stock Yard

Burning of Fuel Air • Stack emissions (TSPM, RSPM, SO2, NOx) Withdrawal of Water Water • Reduced availability to downstream users • Reduced flow in downstream direction/ change in regime Ecology • Entrapment/ Impingement of Organisms Water Treatment for Water • Generation of Effluents and Sludges from Treatment Plant various uses • Clarifier Sludge • Filter Backwash • DM Plant Regeneration Waste • Tube Settler Sludge Power Cycle Water • Discharge of Blowdown Equipment Cooling Water/ • Discharge of Hot Water containing chemicals/ biocide Ecology Transportation, Air/ • Risks of Accidental spillage/ waste of chemicals Storage & Use of Water Chemicals/ Cl2 Transportation and Land • Land requirement for ash disposal Disposal of Ash Air • Fugitive Emissions Operation of Water • Generation of effluents containing oil Transformers and Switchyard Maintenance Water • Generation of effluents containing oil/ chemicals (Cleaning, Over-haul, Oil Change, Lubrication etc.) Domestic Use of Water • Generation of sanitary effluents Water in Plant and Township

4.1 LAND USE An area of about 715 acres of additional land is required for Stage-II (2x660MW) of the Project. The area proposed to be acquired is mostly private agricultural land. The land acquisition will have a direct impact on the land use of 715 acres of land, which will be converted to industrial use. The construction activities attract a sizeable population and influx of population is likely to be associated with construction of temporary hutment for construction work force. However, this will be only a temporary change and shall be restricted to construction period. As soon as the construction phase is over, the land use pattern modified to meet the requirement of construction phase shall be reversed. Development activity also induces changes in land use pattern of the adjoining areas because of the increased availability of infrastructural facilities, increase in commercial activities. However, as Stage-I of the project is already existing for more than two decades, it is anticipated that these impacts, if any, shall be negligible.

4.2 DEMOGRAPHY AND SOCIOECONOMICS The impacts on demography and socio-economic status of the area due to construction and operation of NTPC, Stage-II, will be positive as well as negative in nature. These impacts may be broadly classified into two groups: • Direct impact due to acquisition of land • Indirect impacts due to o immigration of work force o change in socio-economic scenario of the area and o increased stress on public utilities and resources of the area.

4.2.1 Impacts Due to Acquisition of Land About 715 acres of additional land is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II of the project, which is mostly private land. A detailed socio-economic survey of the persons affected due to land acquisition for the project shall be conducted. A Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan shall be drawn in line with the R&R Policies of NTPC and Govt. of India, in consultation with the State Government and the same shall be implemented at site.

4.2.2 Impacts Due to Immigration of Construction Workforce The immigration of work force for construction phase (including contractor’ labours) would have marginal impact on demography (e.g. changes in total population, sex ratio, literacy level, main workers etc.) of the immediate vicinity area. In addition, the socio-economic status of the area may also get affected due to flow of men, material and money. The positive impacts of these two could be • Increase in employment opportunity to non-workers in the study area as non- skilled and semi-skilled workers to the contractors/sub-contractors. • Growth of services and increase in employment and trade opportunities in service sector. • Influx of persons with higher spending power and different socio-cultural background will improve the socio-cultural environment of the area, though occasional tension as a result of this influx cannot be totally ruled out. • Increase in per capita income and overall economic upliftment of the area and improvement in transport, communication, health and educational services.

The negative impacts could be summarised as • Strain on civic amenities (like road, transport, communication, water supply and sanitation, power supply, health care, education and recreational utilities etc.) due to increase in floating population. • Further urbanization of the area leading to appreciation of land cost and house rents, increase in labour rate. • Increase in consumer prices of indigenous services and produces like egg, fish, vegetables, milk, etc.. • Interference with the rural life of neighbouring villages and social conflicts between the guest and host communities.

• Loss of open space and visual impairment to the residents in the contiguous areas

It is difficult to assess the above impacts quantitatively on a measurable scale. However, most of these impacts will be short term and limited to the construction period only. While increase in employment opportunities (project and service sector) and overall economic upliftment of the area is certain to happen, the negative impacts would be limited because NTPC site has already been commissioned with full development of infrastructural facilities. These facilities may be further augmented/ strengthened during Stage-II. Moreover, due to existing units of NTPC, rural environment has already gradually got transformed into a semi-urban environment. Thus urban traits with respect to economic, cultural and infrastructural changes in place of traditional rural customs will tend to prevail.

4.2.3 Impacts During Operation Phase The socio-economic impacts identified for construction phase will also be manifested during the operation phase, though the magnitude of these impacts may reduce considerably after the completion of construction activities and out-flow of construction work force. In addition to above, long term impacts of the operation phase may arise due to utilisation of natural resources for project and impacts on health of local population. Impact on health, if any, could be due to air pollution, water pollution, noise pollution and solid waste disposal. These aspects are discussed in detail in the following sections and mitigatory measures proposed to control these measures are presented in Chapter-5. Implementation and efficient operation of various pollution control measures to restrict the pollution as well as ambient environmental conditions to regulatory standards, will ensure minimum impact on human health. The Environmental Management Plan and Disaster Management Plan are proposed to ensure that the probability of undesired events and consequences are greatly reduced, and adequate mitigation is provided in case of an emergency. A number of infrastructural and community development projects have been implemented by NTPC for the people of surrounding villages, such as construction of feeder sub-station, improvement of drain, Development of infrastructure for opening of Industrial Training Institute, Schools for girls and Maternity center etc. People in the region have experienced the benefits from the presence of existing units and generally welcome the project. NTPC would further undertake suitable community development activities in the surrounding villages depending upon their needs and requirement.

4.3 SOILS 4.3.1 Impacts During Construction Phase Constructional activities like leveling, excavation and removal of existing vegetation would invariably disturb the soil of the area. The impacts on soil during construction phase shall be mainly due to loss of topsoil in the construction areas and

contamination of the soils of surrounding area due to construction materials such as cement, sand, oils, etc. The disturbances would be more pronounced during the summer and monsoon seasons with strong rains. However, it shall be temporary and shall be confined to the areas of construction only. Appropriate soil conservation measures associated with improved construction techniques would minimize such local impacts. Large scale afforestation undertaken during Stage-I of the project would also contribute positively towards soil conservation and act as barrier to fugitive dust from the construction area to the surrounding area. Removed top soil may be utilised for land scaping and land improvement in other areas, which are not under construction.

4.3.2 Impacts During Operation Phase During operation of a thermal power project, the soils within the deposition zone of pollutants may undergo physico-chemical changes due to deposition of SPM (ash particles) and washout of gases (SO2 and NOx) during the rains. However, the impacts of these are likely to be marginal, as the incremental SPM and SO2 levels are in the range of 2.58 and 44.78 µg/Nm3 respectively.

4.4 HYDROLOGY Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II will abstract its entire water requirement (65 cusec) from Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river, which is an irrigation canal. The flow of the canal is regulated by UP Irrigation Department, which has already given commitment for the supply of 65 cusecs of water considering other users in the downstream side. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be no significant impact on the hydrology and water use of the area.

4.5 WATER QUALITY 4.5.1 Impacts During Construction Phase During the construction phase site preparation (leveling, excavations etc.) and erection of structures will have temporary effect on the water quality of receiving water body, i.e. Ghaghra river. Flow of loose materials (soil and construction material) into the drain, especially during monsoons will result in higher turbidity and suspended solids content. However, as the site development activities and infrastructural development (like roads, storage areas for construction material, drainage etc.) have already been undertaken during Stage-I, and construction activities will be limited to small areas only, such impacts due to Stage-II, will be minimal. Adequate arrangement would be made to ensure proper drainage and disposal of the wastewater; so that water does not stagnate in the form of cess pools promoting breeding of mosquitoes and creating in-sanitary conditions. The wash off will be directed to a sedimentation basin before discharge. Hence no significant increase in the suspended solid content of the water regime is expected. 4.5.2 Impacts During Operation Phase The water balance diagram and effluent treatment schemes for the project are presented in Chapter 2. While developing the water system for the project, utmost

care has been taken to maximise the recycle/ reuse of effluents and minimize effluent quantity. All major water systems of the plant (cooling water system, service water system, coal handling water system and bottom ash handling system) have recirculatory systems. However, discharge of effluents from a power plant cannot be totally eliminated. The project would have a re-circulatory cooling system with cooling towers. Therefore, there will be no thermal impact on the receiving water body. Entire cooling tower blow down will be utilised for fire fighting, ash handling, coal dust suppression and service water system. The sludges from clarifier and tube settler along with neutralised DM Plant Regeneration Waste shall be discharged in ash disposal area and filter backwash shall be recycled to the inlet of the clarifier. Thus there will be no discharge of these effluents from the project. The only effluents emanating from main plant area of project would be Boiler Blow down and Ash Water Blow down from ash water recycling system. These effluents shall be routed through a Central Monitoring Basin (CMB), where further equalisation will take place. The CMB will have provisions for pH correction and monitoring the water quality of final effluent leaving the plant premises. Sanitary effluents from main plant and township will be treated in a sewage treatment plant.

4.5.3 Impacts on Ground Water Quality During Operation Phase The contamination of ground water due to leachate from bottom ash disposal area is an area of concern for coal thermal power plant. NTPC has conducted several geo- hydrological studies of the ash disposal areas at its projects (Singrauli, Rihand, Vindhyachal, Korba, Farakka and Talcher) through reputed institutions like Indian Institutes of Technology, Roorkee and Mumbai, Centre for Studies on Man and Environment, Calcutta. All these studies conclude that the leaching of heavy metals from ash occurs only under pH 4 or below. In practice, the pH of the ash water is either neutral or alkaline (7 or above) and hence the leaching of heavy metals is highly unlikely.

4.6 AIR QUALITY Prediction of short term impacts on air quality due to stack emissions has been carried out using Industrial Source Complex [ISC3] 1993 dispersion model based on steady state gaussian plume dispersion for a continuous elevated source, developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. The model simulations deal with three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) emitted from the stack.

4.6.1 Model Options Used For Computations The assumptions made for short-term computations are as follows: ∗ The plume rise is estimated using Briggs formulae, but the final rise is always limited to the height of the mixing layer; ∗ Stack tip down-wash is not considered;

∗ Buoyancy Induced Dispersion is used to describe the increase in plume dispersion during the ascension phase; ∗ Calms processing routine is used by default; ∗ The wind power law is used to adjust the observed wind speed, from a reference measurement height of 10m, to the stack or release height; ∗ Flat terrain is used for computations; ∗ It is assumed that the pollutants do not undergo any physico-chemical transformation and that there is no pollutant removal by dry deposition; ∗ Washout by rain is not considered; ∗ Polar coordinate system has been used for computations, and

4.6.2 Input Data for Prediction Modelling The details of coal characteristics and stack emissions are presented in Tables 4.6.1 and 4.6.2 respectively. In the present computation, the worst coal emission details have been considered.

Table 4.6.1: Expected Coal Characteristics for Tanda TPP, Stage-II Parameters Unit Values Ash % 42 Moisture % 17 GCV Kcal/kg 2800 Sulphur (wt./wt.) % 0.5(Max) Heat rate Kcal/KWh 2450

Table 4.6.2: Details of Stack Emissions Parameters Units Values Stack Height m 275 Number of stacks no. 1 Flue diameter m 7.65 Flue gas velocity/flue m/sec 22.62 Flue gas temperature/ flue oK 398 Volumetric flow rate/flue Nm3/sec/unit 711 Rate of coal burning Tones/hr/unit 556 Sulphur in coal (maximum) %wt/wt 0.5 Estimated Emission Rates Sulphur dioxide g/sec/unit 1236 NOx @ 260 g/ GJoule # g/sec/unit 529 Particulate Matter @100mg/Nm3 g/sec/unit 71.1 #: 1g/GJ of NOx is approximately mg/Nm3

4.6.2.1 Meteorological Data The hourly micro-meteorological data was recorded at NTPC (March, 2008 to February, 2009) using a microprocessor based automatic weather monitoring system (WM251). This site-specific hourly met data like wind direction, wind speed, ambient temperature, stability classes have been used for dispersion modeling.

4.6.2.2 Determination of Atmospheric Stability In the present study the Pasquill – Gifford Stability Classes have been determined using Solar radiation/Delta-T (SRDT) method as discussed below:

4.6.2.3 Solar radiation/Delta-T (SRDT) method The method is based on the Bowen et al. with modifications in the Turner’s Method. In this method the structure of the Turner’s are tried to retain as much as possible however, the need of observations of cloud cover and ceiling is obviated. This method uses the surface layer wind speed measured at 10m height in combination with the measurement of total solar radiation during daytime and a low-level vertical temperature difference (∂T) i.e. 2m and 10m at the night time. The relationship employed in the estimation method assumes that the steady state conditions. The nighttime is defined as a period from one hour before sunset to one hour after sunrise. The key to Solar radiation/Delta-T (SRDT) method for estimation of P-G stability categories are given in Table 4.6.3.

Table 4.6.3: Key to Solar Radiation Delta-T (SRDT) Method for Estimating Pasquill-Gifford (P-G) Stability Categories DAY TIME Wind Speed (m/s) Solar Radiation (W/m3) ≥ 925 925 – 675 675 – 175 ≤ 175 <2 A A B D 2 – 3 A B C D 3 – 5 B B C D 5 – 6 C C D D ≥ 6 C D D D

NIGHT TIME Wind Speed Vertical Temperature Gradient, oC (m/s) < 0 ≥ 0 <2 E F 2.0 – 2.5 D E ≥ 2.5 D D

4.6.2.4 Mixing Depth The site-specific mixing depth data are not available. Therefore, in the present study the hourly daytime mixing depth has been derived on the basis of the data presented in a CPCB publication “Spatial Distribution of Hourly Mixing Depth over Indian Region”. The pre-monsoon season data has been used. The hourly mixing depth considered for the dispersion modeling is presented in Table 4.6.4.

Table 4.6.4: Mixing Depth Considered for Dispersion Modeling Time Period, Mixing Depth (m) Hr. Pre-monsoon Monsoon Winter 20:00 - 04:00 0 0 0 05:00 50 0 0 06:00 50 0 0 07:00 50 50 50 08:00 100 100 50 09:00 500 200 100 10:00 700 300 200 11:00 1000 800 600 12:00 1500 1000 800 13:00 2000 1500 1000 14:00 2000 1500 1000 15:00 2500 1500 1000 16:00 2000 1500 1000 17:00 2000 1200 800 18:00 1500 600 500 19:00 1500 600 50

4.6.3 Presentation of Results In the present study, simulations have been carried for the monitoring period using the hourly Triple Joint Frequency data viz., stability, wind speed, mixing height and temperature. Short-term simulations were carried to estimate concentrations at the receptors to obtain an optimum description of variations in concentrations over the site in 10 km radius covering 16 directions. The predicted 24-hourly maximum short term incremental concentrations are presented in Table 4.6.5.

Table 4.6.5: Predicted 24-Hourly Maximum Short Term Incremental Concentrations due to Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Maximum Incremental Distance Direction Levels (µg/m3) (km) SO2 NOx SPM 44.78 19.16 2.58 3.6 South East

4.6.4 Resultant Concentrations After Implementation of the Project The maximum incremental GLCs due to the proposed project for SPM, SO2 and NOx are superimposed on the maximum baseline SPM, SO2 and NOx concentrations recorded during the study period to arrive at the likely resultant concentrations after implementation of the proposed power plant. The cumulative concentrations (baseline + incremental) after implementation of the project are tabulated below in Table 4.6.6 and at the monitoring locations in Table 4.6.7. The isopleths for SPM, SO2 and NOx on 24 hourly basis are presented in Exhibits 4.6.1, 4.6.2 and 4.6.3 respectively.

The maximum GLC’s for SPM, SO2 and NOx after implementation of the standards for industrial and mixed use areas.

Table 4.6.6: Resultant Maximum Ground Level Concentrations After Operation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II Pollutant Maximum AAQ Incremental Resultant Concentrations Recorded Concentration due to Concentration 3 3 3 During the Study (μg/m ) Stage-II (μg/m ) (μg/m ) SO2 14 44.78 58.78 NOx 25 19.16 44.16 SPM 178 2.58 180.58

Table 4.6.7: Resultant Concentrations at Monitoring Locations due to Incremental GLC’s: Based on Wosrt Coal Characteristics Location Maximum AAQ Incremental Resultant Concentrations Concentration due to Concentration Recorded During Operation of Stage-II (μg/m3) the Study (μg/m3) (μg/m3) SO2 NOx SPM SO2 NOx SPM SO2 NOx SPM Raipur 12 15 129 44.14 18.89 2.54 56.14 33.89 131.54 Jigna 11 19 162 27.50 11.77 1.58 38.50 30.77 163.58 Ghazipur 12 19 124 32.50 13.91 1.87 44.50 32.91 125.87 Kinwari 11 20 139 25.60 10.96 1.47 36.60 30.96 140.47 Vidyutpurnagar 14 25 178 14.40 6.16 0.83 28.40 31.16 178.83 Rustampur 13 18 134 35.25 15.09 2.03 48.25 33.09 136.03

N 10000

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-10000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 Distance from Plant in meters Exhibit 4.6.1: Isopleths for SPM (μg/m3) on 24 Hourly Basis for Tanda TPP, Stage-II

N 10000 N 8000

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-4000 Distance from Plant in meters Distance from Plant in meters

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-10000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

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3 Exhibit 4.6.2: Isopleths for SO2 (μg/m ) on 24 Hourly Basis for Tanda TPP, Stage-II

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-10000 -10000 -8000 -6000 -4000 -2000 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

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Exhibit 4.6.3: Isopleths for NOx (μg/m3) on 24 Hourly Basis for Tanda TPP, Stage-II

4.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT 4.7.1 Noise Level Inside the Existing Plant The noise generating sources from coal based power plant are turbine, boiler feed pump, coal mills, primary air fan, induced draft fan, forced draft fan, air compressor, cooling tower, transformer and diesel generator.

4.7.2 Impact During Construction Phase The major noise generating sources during the construction phase are vehicular traffic, construction equipment like, dozer, scrapers, concrete mixers, cranes, generators, pumps, compressors, rock drills, pneumatic tools, vibrators etc. The operation of these equipment will generate noise ranging between 75 – 90 dB (A). The ambient noise level recorded during field studied in the near by area located at a distance of 1 km from the main plant ranges between 39.5-52.5 dB(A). The predicted noise level due to operation of such equipment at a distance of 1 km from the source is 37.4 dB(A). As the ambient noise levels are higher than the predicted noise levels, due to masking effect, no increase in the ambient noise levels during construction phase is envisaged.

4.7.3 Impact During Operational Phase 4.7.3.1 Noise Sources The main noise generating sources in thermal power plant are turbine, boiler feed pumps, air compressors, cooling towers, CW pumps, forced draft fan, induced draft fan, primary air fan and coal mills. Intermittent noise is generated due to operation of diesel generator. 4.7.3.2 Impact on Noise Level Any industrial complex in general consists of several sources of noise in clusters or single. This clusters/single source may be housed in buildings of different dimensions made of different materials or installed in open or under sheds. The material of construction implies different attenuation co-efficient. In order to predict ambient noise levels due to the proposed power plant the noise modeling has been done. For computing the noise levels at various distances with respect to the plant site, noise levels are predicted by a user friendly model the details of which are elaborated below. 4.7.3.3 Model for Sound Wave Propagation During Operation For an approximate estimation of dispersion of noise in the ambient air from the point source, a standard mathematical model for sound wave propagation is used. The noise generated by equipment decrease with increase distance from the source due to wave divergence. An additional decrease in sound pressure level with distance from the source is expected due to atmospheric effect or its interaction with objects in the transmission path. For hemispherical sound wave propagation through homogenous loss free medium, one can estimate noise levels at various locations, due to different sources using model based on first principles, as per the following equation:

Lp2= Lp1 - 20Log (r2 / r1) – AE – AM (1)

Where, Sound Lp2 and L p1 are the Sound Pressure Levels (SPL) at points located at a distances of r2 and r1 from the source. AE & AM are attenuations due to Environmental conditions (E) and Machine correction (M). The combined effect of all the sources can be determined at various locations by the following equation.

(Lpa)/10 (Lpa)/10 (Lpa)/10 Lp(total)= 10Log (10 + 10 + 10 +. . ………….) (2)

Where Lpa, Lpb, Lpc are noise pressure levels at a point due to different sources.

4.7.3.4 Machine Correction (AM) The background noise level, when the machine is not in operation should be determined at one or more locations while conducting the test. The readings at each location, with the machine in operation should exceed the background levels by at least 10 dB in each pressure level of interest. If the difference is less than 10 dB, correction should be applied. If the difference between the measured sound and the background sound in any sound pressure level is less than 3 dB a valid measurement of the machine cannot be made. In order to reduce background noise to acceptable levels, it may be necessary to acoustically treat the equipment.

4.7.3.5 Environmental Correction (AE) The equivalent sound pressure level can be calculated from the measured sound pressure level (Leq measured) averaged over the measurement surface area ‘S’ and from corrections K1 and K2 and is given by ; (Leq calculated) = (Leq measured) - K1 - K2 (3)

Where, K1 = Factor for the background noise correction. The correction was not applied in this modeling exercise, as it was not possible to measure the background noise levels by putting off machines. Hence it was considered as zero.

K2 = Environmental correction

4.7.3.6 Model Details Based on the above equation user friendly model has been developed. The details of the model are as follows: 1. Maximum number of sources is limited to 200; 2. Predicted Noise levels at any distance specified from the source; 3. Model is designed to take topography or flat terrain; 4. Co-ordinates of the sources in meters; 5. Maximum and Minimum levels are calculated by the model; 6. Output of the model in the form of isopleths; and 7. Environmental attenuation factors and machine corrections have not been incorporated in the model but corrections are made for the measured Leq levels.

4.7.3.7 Input for the model The sources where noise level monitored inside the building are Turbine, I. D. Fan, P. A. Fan, F. D. Fan, air compressors boiler feed pumps, cooling water pumps etc. The designed noise level for the various equipments for Stage-II, are given in Table 4.7.1 the values mentioned are at 1 m distance from the source.

Table 4.7.1: Likely Noise Levels In Tanda TPP Stage- II (2x660 MW) S.No. SOURCE NOISE LEVEL Leq in dB(A) Unit-I Unit-II 1 Turbine Hall 90 90 2 Boiler Feed Pump 90 90 3 Circulating Water Pump 90 90 4 Primary Air Fan 90 90 5 Force Draft Fan 90 90 6 Instrument Air Compressor 90 90 7 Diesel Generator 75 75 8 Induced Air Fan 85 85 Note: *After acoustic enclosure

4.7.3.8 Presentation of Results Ambient Noise Levels The ambient noise levels have been predicted with proposed value for Tanda TPP, Stage- II. The predicted noise levels at the boundary of the plant in different directions are given in Table 4.7.2. The ambient noise level recorded during field studies in the nearby areas (with Stage-I in operation) located at a distance of 1 km from the site ranges between 39.5–52.5 dB(A). The predicted noise level due to operation of such equipment at a distance of 1 km from the source is 37.4 dB(A). As the ambient noise levels are higher than the predicted noise levels, due to masking effect, no increase in the ambient noise levels during operation of Stage-II is anticipated.

Table 4.7.2: Predicted Noise Levels Sr. No. Distance (m) Noise level dB (A) 1 100 50.5 2 200 47.3 3 300 44.4 4 400 42.1 5 500 39.5 6 750 38.0 7 1000 37.4 8 1500 35.3 9 2000 33.1

4.7.3.9 Industrial Noise Standards: The OSHA has recommended permissible noise exposure limit for Industrial worker which is based on 90 dB(A) for 8 hours exposure a day with 5 dB (A) trading rates. The limits are given in Table 4.7.3.

Table 4.7.3: Permissible Exposure Noise Limits Total time of exposure per day Sound pressure level in in hours dB(A) 8 90 6 92 4 95 3 97 2 100 1 105 ½ 110 ¼ 115

4.7.3.10 Work Zone Noise Levels The protective measures need to be provided to the operators and workers working near the high noise generating machinery. As per Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Standards, the maximum allowable noise level for the workers is 90 dB (A) for 8 hours exposure a day. Therefore, adequate protective measures in the form of ear muffs/ear plugs to the workers working in high noise areas need to be provided. In addition reduction in noise levels in the high noise machinery areas could be achieved by adoption of suitable preventive measures such as use of enclosures with suitable absorption material, etc. Further, in addition to the in plant noise control measures, all the open areas within the plant premises and all along the plant boundary will be provided with adequate green belt to diffuse the noise.

4.8 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 4.8.1 Impact During Construction Phase As only 715 acres of additional land is proposed to be acquired for Tanda TPP, Stage- II, which is mostly agricultural in nature, the direct impacts on ecology of the study area (e.g. loss of flora and fauna) is likely to be insignificant. As the study area is devoid of natural forests, the overall impacts on terrestrial ecosystem will be negligible. Further, as site and infrastructural facilities are already developed, constructional activities will be confined to project site for Stage-II and the impact would be marginal in scale. The impact of the construction activities would remain primarily confined to the construction site. Earth enabling work involving excavation and filling up operations result in fugitive dust emission. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts would, however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and would be minimized through adoption of control measures such as paving and surface treatment, water sprinkling and plantation schemes. The impact would be

restricted to surrounding flora within the plant boundary and on the immediate agricultural field. 4.8.2 Impact During Operation Phase Particulates and sulphur dioxide are major air pollutants of a coal based thermal power plant. The impact on the terrestrial ecosystem due to operation of the thermal power project may occur from deposition and absorption of air pollutants on flora and soil surfaces. Deposition of fly ash on leaves may interrupt gaseous exchange through stomatal clogging, thereby affecting plant growth However, the impact due to operation of the project is envisaged to be negligible, as incremental ground level concentration of SPM due to emissions from the project is predicted to be 2.58 µg/m3 only. The predicted maximum incremental ground level concentration of SO2 due to operation 3 of project is 44.78 µg/m resulting in maximum ground level concentration of SO2 as 58.78 µg/m3. This is well within the Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality. Since most of the tree species occurring in the area are deciduous, they have high Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), and therefore impact of SO2 will not be significant.

4.9 AQUATIC ECOLOGY 4.9.1 Impact During Construction Phase The runoff from construction area may lead to a short-term increase in suspended solids and decrease in dissolved oxygen near the discharge point in receiving water body. This may lead to a temporary decrease in the photosynthetic activity of phytoplanktons, rise in anaerobic conditions, habitat destruction and food chain modification. However, for major part of the year during construction phase, no detectable impact is expected because water quality will not change significantly.

4.9.2 Impact During Operation Phase Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II will draw water from Tanda Main Canal, which is an artificial water body and does not support any aquatic resource of importance. The water system of the project has been designed with maximum recycle/ reuse of water, and a very small quantity shall be drawn as a make-up to the system. Therefore, there is no likelihood of entrapment or impingement of phytoplankton/ zooplankton in the water intake system. Further, as the project will have a close cycle cooling system with cooling towers and clarified water as make-up to the cooling system, there will be no thermal impact on aquatic ecosystem due to operation of the project. A small quantity of treated effluents conforming to the regulatory standards shall only be discharged into natural water course, leading to Ghaghra River. It has been concluded that there will be no significant impact on the water quality due to discharge of effluents. It may, therefore, be concluded that there would be no impact on aquatic life of the river.

5.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME

Regular monitoring of critical environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the status of environment during plant operation. The monitored data can serve as an indicator for any change in environmental quality due to operation of the plant with respect to baseline environmental conditions, so that suitable mitigatory steps could be taken in time to safeguard the environment. An environmental monitoring programme for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-I has already been implemented at site. The monitoring programme shall be strengthened to include new units under Tanda TPP, Stage-II. The monitoring plan for Tanda TPP, Stage-II has been drawn with the following broad objectives: a) Assess the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during operation of the Project. b) Monitor the effective implementation of mitigatory measures envisaged for Stage-II. c) Warning of any significant deterioration in environmental quality so that additional mitigatory measures may be planned in advance. Proposed pollution monitoring programme is presented in Table 5.1.1. A brief description of the plan is given in the following sections.

5.1 MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS 5.1.1 Meteorology A full fledged meteorological station shall be set-up at site to generate on-site meteorological data as per Table 5.1.1.

5.1.2 Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality is presently being monitored at four locations around Tanda TPP and the data is being regularly submitted to UP Pollution Control Board. After commissioning of Stage-II, the monitoring shall be continued in consultation with the Board. The parameters and frequency of monitoring are presented in Table 5.1.1.

5.1.3 Stack Emissions Stack emissions of each unit shall be monitored for SPM, SO2 and NOx. Provision for manual sampling of stack emissions has also been made for joint sampling and analysis by Project and UPPCB.

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Table 5.1.1: Proposed Pollution Monitoring Programme for Tanda TPP, Stage-II Area of Number of Frequency of Parameters to be Analysed Monitoring Sampling Sampling Stations Meteorology One Continuous/ Wind speed and direction, Daily Max. and Min. Temperature, Humidity, Solar Insolation, Atm. Pressure, Rainfall Ambient Air Four Stations Twice a week; SPM, RPM, SO2 and NOx. Quality 24 hourly Noise Five Stations Once in a Ambient Equivalent year for 24 continuous Sound Pressure hours Levels (Leq) at day and Night time. Liquid Main Plant Monthly pH, Temp, Cond., TSS, Effluents Effluents TDS, BOD, O&G, Phenolics Quarterly Heavy Metals Sanitary Effluents Monthly pH, Temp, Cond., TSS, TDS, BOD, O&G, Phenolics Quarterly Heavy Metals Water Quality Tanda Main Canal Monthly pH, Temp, Cond., TSS, (Intake) TDS, BOD, O&G, Phenolics

Ghaghra River (2 Quarterly Heavy metals locations) Ground Water pH, Temp, Cond., TSS, Quarterly (4 Locations) TDS, BOD, O&G

Heavy metals Soil 10 locations Once in five Physico-chemical properties, years Nutrients

5.1.4 Ambient Water Quality The raw water quality of canal water and water quality of Ghaghra river (upstream & downstream of the project) shall be regularly monitored. The analysis of physico- chemical and bacteriological parameters shall be done on a monthly basis while the analysis of heavy metals shall be conducted on a quarterly basis. In addition, ground water quality at four locations around the ash disposal area shall be monitored on a quarterly basis for physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals.

5.1.5 Effluents Quality Physico-chemical parameters (e.g. pH, temperature, conductivity, TSS, TDS, TRC, Oil & Grease etc.) as well as pollution parameters (BOD, Oil and Grease, Heavy Metals etc.) of main plant effluents shall be monitored on a monthly basis while the heavy metals shall be monitored on a quarterly basis.

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In order to monitor the effective functioning and efficiency of the sewage treatment plant, the effluent shall be monitored on monthly basis.

5.1.6 Soils The physico-chemical characteristics and nutrient content of soil shall be monitored once in five years at ten locations near ambient air quality stations.

5.1.7 Noise High noise areas inside the power plant and industrial, commercial, residential and silence areas around the plant will be monitored with a frequency of once in a year.

5.2 INSTITUTIONAL SETUP An Environmental Management Group (EMG) headed by Deputy General Manager and supported by executives/staffs and other infrastructural facilities already exists at site to coordinate monitoring of all environmental parameters. Generally, Operation and Maintenance - Chemistry group undertakes the monitoring at site. However, depending on the manpower requirement and availability and also the parameters of monitoring, the work may be conducted through external consultant/monitoring agency. The monitoring data is being regularly furnished to the Ministry of Environment and Forests and UP Pollution Control Board (UPPCB). The same shall be continued during Stage-II also. The status of implementation of mitigatory measures shall be regularly monitored during Project Review Meetings held at projects every month. Dedicated groups for operation and maintenance of major systems like Electrostatic Precipitators, Ash Handling Plant, Coal Handling Plant, Water and Waste Water Treatment Plants etc. shall be formed during operation phase. These groups will ensure effective functioning of the system and the same will be monitored during Operation Review Meetings held at project.

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6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES

6.1 PUBLIC CONSULTATION All the material environmental concerns expressed during the Public Consultation Process shall be addressed in Final EIA Report, after completion of the public consultation.

6.2 SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT About 715 acres of additional land (175 acres for main plant and 540 acres for ash disposal) is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II of the project. A detailed socio- economic survey of the persons affected due to land acquisition for the project shall be conducted. A Rehabilitation and Resettlement Plan shall be drawn in line with the R&R Policies of NTPC and Govt. of India, in consultation with the State Government and the same shall be implemented at site.

6.3 DISASTER MANAGENMENT PLAN The details of fire protection and detection system envisaged for Tanda TPP, Stage-II have been presented in Chapter-2. This chapter describes the salient features of Disaster Management Plan for Tanda TPP, Stage-I prepared by Safety Department of Tanda TPP under Rule-13 of the Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 and Section 14-B (4) of the Factories Act 1948 (as amended). This plan has already been submitted to the concerned authorities and implemented at Site and the same will be revised to include Tanda TPP, Stage-II units after its commissioning. Under Rule 14 of the Hazardous Chemical Rules, preparation of Off Site Emergency Plan is the responsibility of District Authorities. However, furnishing relevant information to the District Emergency Authority for the preparation of the Off Site Emergency Plan is statutory responsibilities of the industry. The relevant information for Off Site Emergency Plan has also been submitted to the concerned authorities. At the end of the Chapter, NTPC’s safety policy has been given.

6.3.1 On-Site Disaster Management Plan The On-site and Off-site emergency plans cover personnel employed at Tanda TPP and the population of various localities around Tanda TPP. The Emergency Plan is aimed to ensure safety of life, protection of environment, protection of installation, restoration of production and salvage operation in this same order of priorities. The objective of the emergency plan is to make use of the combined resources of the plant and the outside services to achieve the following: 1. Affect the rescue and medical treatment of casualties.

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2. Safeguard other people. 3. Minimize damage to property and the environment. 4. Initially contain and ultimately bring the incident under control. 5. Identify the affected. 6. Provide for the needs of relatives. 7. Provide authoritative information to the news media. 8. Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected area. 9. Preserve relevant records and equipments for the subsequent enquiry into the cause and circumstances of Emergency.

Tanda TPP stores a number of chemicals (such as liquid chlorine, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, hydrogen gas, liquid ammonia) and flammables/ combustible materials (such as furnace oil, light diesel oil, lubricants, petrol, diesel, coal etc.) which are hazardous in nature. Considering the process and the material to be used at Tanda TPP, the following hazards are identified along with the probable areas of occurrence. Nature of Hazard Potential Areas/ Locations of Occurrence Fire Hazards (Slow • Coal Handling Plant/ Coal Conveyor. Isolated or Fast • Cable Galleries/ Cable Trays in all plant sections. Spreading) • Fuel Oil Handling and Storage Areas. • Transformer and Switch Yard Areas. • Oil and Lubricants Stores • Boiler area. Explosion Hazard • Hydrogen Plant • Turbo generators • Transformers. • Boiler. • Coal dust in mills and boilers. Bursting Of Pipe • Steam pipes due to high pressure / temperature. Lines & Vessels • Water pipes due to high pressure • Hydrogen Lines and Chlorine Lines Release Of Gases / • Chlorine in Water Treatment Plant. Dust • Hydrogen in Turbo Generator area of main plant and H2 plant. • Flue gases from ducts • Coal dust in transfer points, CHP Crusher & Mill area. Release Of Liquid • Chemicals tanks in Water Treatment Plant. • Fuel Oil tanks in Fuel oil handling section. • Chlorine from Chlorine toners

In addition, the incidents having off-site implications can be: a. Natural calamity like earthquake, cyclone, flood, etc. b. Air raids c. Crashing of aircrafts or flying objects.

Other incidents which can also result in a disaster are: a. Agitation/forced entry by external group of people b. Sabotage/Bomb Explosion

However, possibilities of agitation/ forced entry/ sabotage in NTPC are reduced to almost zero, by providing fool proof security measures and allowing entry into Chlorine handling storage area, only for authorized persons. In no case any other person’s entry is allowed.

6.3.2 Capability Analysis (Existing Structure) Tanda TPP already has adequate capabilities to protect its property and manpower in the event of any emergency, as discussed in following sections.

Fire Fighting Capability The Plant is well equipped with fire protection systems and it has a full fledged fire station operated by Central Industrial Security Force (Fire Wing). The fire station is headed by Asstt. Commandant and has supporting staff at various levels. The fire control room is manned in three shifts round the clock. The fire station at Tanda TPP is equipped with all necessary safety and fire fighting equipments including breathing apparatus sets, fire proximity suits, acid-alkali proof suits, canister gas mask, toxic gas mask etc. Various equipment/ systems available with fire station at Tanda TPP are as follows: • The fire station is equipped with various fire fighting equipment such as Water cum Foam Tender, DCP Tender, Jeep Fire Engine, Portable High Pressure Pumps, Floating Pumps, Trailer Pumps etc. to handle the fire promptly and actively. • Fire water pumps connected with a main header from where hydrant lines got different plant areas through loop lines and hydrant valves, hydrant landing valves/yard hydrant fitted at various locations of the plant which are manually operated, whenever water is required for fire fighting work. • In addition to fire fighting equipments, a large number of portable and mobile fire extinguishers of various types and capacities (CO2, DCP, FOAM TYPE) have been installed at all locations of the plant including Main Plant, Control rooms, Switch Gears, Laboratories, Off Sites, Administration building etc.. • High Speed Diesel (HSD) tanks have been provided with fixed foam system and medium velocity spray system. A mixture of water and foam concentrate, thrown on to the top surface of oil converts into foam to extinguish the fire. • Smoke detection system and fire alarm systems are being provided at strategic locations. • Automatic heat detection cum high velocity water spray system is provided in Generator Transformer, Unit Auxiliary Transformer, Station Transformer, Main Oil Tank and Lube Oil Storage Tank.

Medical Assistance Capabilities Tanda TPP has its own hospital, situated in the central place in township. It is sufficiently equipped with necessary facilities, such as ambulances (available round the clock), doctors including specialists and a paramedical staff. It has all the facilities for management of general diseases and emergency including industrial accidents. Apart from the hospital, first aid boxes are available in plant in all major sections/departments. A large number of trained first aiders are available in all the sections of the plant.

Communication System Communication system at Tanda TPP includes • Electrically operated emergency siren alarms (5 km. and 8 km. range) and hand operated emergency siren alarms in fire stations. • Public Address System in the main plant area and Portable PA System with Fire Station. • Hooters in Pre Treatment and Chlorine Handling Areas. • Telephone and Intercom facilities at all desks and with officials. • Intercom telephone connections with facilities of incoming P&T call at residences to all officers and other important persons. • P&T (STD) telephone, Fax, Telex facilities in the project. • Mobile phones are also provided to all important officials.

Emergency Power Supply Emergency lights are provided at all vulnerable points for lighting arrangements as well as to operate basic minimum equipment for operating the plant safely. All units are provided with DG sets and Battery system which come on Auto in case of Power failure. More than one supply through different transmission system is also provided to ensure electric supply without fail.

Emergency Safety Equipment Various emergency safety equipment (such as self contained breathing apparatus, canister gas masks, emergency suits, gum boots, face shield, hand gloves, aprons, chlorine sealing kit etc.) are made available in areas like Water Treatment Plant, Fuel Oil Pump House, Shift Charge Engineer Office, Safety Office and Fire Station etc..

Alarm Tanda TPP has various alarm systems to denote different kinds of emergencies and restoration of normalcy. The purpose of the alarm is to advice all persons on the out burst of major emergency, the level of emergency (first, second or third level) and end of emergency. The emergency alarm is located at central place and the control and operation switch is under fire station control room in-charge. The alarm code is such that the nature of emergency can be distinguished.

Emergency Control Center: An Emergency Operation Center (EOC) consisting of three rooms and located outside plant area (minimal risk to being directly exposed to possible accidents) has been identified. The same shall be manned round the clock by the Main Controller, the officials nominated as key personnel and Sr. Executives of outside services called in for assistance. No other person shall have access to the Control Center. EOC will be equipped with adequate means of communication (Intercoms, P&T Telephones, Telex and Fax, Wireless, Walkie Talkie) to areas inside and outside the work together with relevant data of Personal Protective Equipment and equipment to assist those manning the center and to enable them to plan accordingly. EOC will also contain the following data: ¾ Master plan of the facility. ¾ Layout of facility, equipment and storage. ¾ Layout of Fire water system and other sources of water supply. ¾ Availability and location of fire fighting equipment and material. ¾ Layout of fire extinguishers indicating their types and numbers. ¾ First aid boxes. ¾ Availability and location of personal protective equipment. ¾ Self Contained Breathing Apparatus sets and the spare cylinders. ¾ External telephones. ¾ List of important telephone numbers, both internal and external, displayed on the wall. ¾ Stretchers. ¾ Transport facility. ¾ Assembly points along with escape routes to be highlighted. ¾ Extra copies of the facility layout to be used for spot marking of affected areas, movement of vehicles, problem areas, evacuated areas, etc. ¾ Details of hazardous substances along with the material safety data sheets. ¾ Telephone directory both local as well as of the surrounding district. ¾ General stationery like paper, pencil, etc. ¾ Nominal roll and addresses of all permanent employees. ¾ List of employees especially with those with are blood groups. ¾ Details of all contractors and their employees. ¾ List of first aiders and emergency squad members. ¾ Public address system. ¾ Two copies of the Risk Assessment Report and On-site Emergency Plans.

Evacuation and Assembly Points In an emergency, it may be necessary to evacuate Personnel from affected areas and as precautionary measure, non-essential workers from areas likely to be affected should the emergency escalate. The evacuation will be effected on getting necessary message from Incident Controller. On evacuation, all the persons shall assemble at pre-identified and notified Assembly Points.

6.3.3 Action Plan for On-site Emergency Identification of Responsibilities The on-site disaster management plan identifies Main Controller (General Manager, Tanda TPP), Incident Controller (AGM/ DGM), Field Operation Controller (next in Command), Designated Key Personnel of Emergency Control Center (Sr. Supdts / Engineer – in Charge of Operation, Electrical Maintenance, Mechanical Maintenance, Control and Instrumentation and Chemistry; Heads of Personnel/ Industrial Relations/ Labour Welfare/ Safety/ Technical Services; Chief Medical Officer; Commandant / Asst. Commandant/ Fire Officer from CISF; Engineer-in-Charge of Auto Base; Public Relation Officer etc.). The plan also specifies responsibilities of these personnel in case of an emergency and draws an action plan to be followed. It also specifies the responsibilities for Declaration of Emergency and giving All Clear Signal. The list of key personnel and their phone numbers is informed to all concerned suitably. As necessary they decide the actions needed to shut down plant, evacuate personnel, carry out emergency repair works, arrange supplies of equipment & personnel, carry out atmospheric tests, provide catering facilities, liaison with police, informing relative of the victims, briefing press media etc. Main Controller and Incident Controller are assisted by two support teams as follows:

Support Team Consisting of Heads of Personnel, Materials and Finance to Main Divisions; to function in consultation with MC for the following Controller (MC) ¾ Contacting statutory authorities. ¾ Arranging for relievers and catering facilities. ¾ Giving information to media. ¾ Contacting medical centers and nursing homes. ¾ Providing all other support, as necessary. ¾ Arranging for urgently required materials through cash purchase or whatever means. ¾ Arranging funds for various relief measures as well as emergency purchase of materials, sending his representative for emergency purchase. Support Team to Consisting of Sr. Manager (Admn.), Sr. Supdt. (Operation), Sr. Work Incident Supdt. (Elect. Maintenance), Sr. Supdt. (Mech. Maintenance) Controller (IC) and any more persons depending upon the need to assist the IC in manning communication and passing instructions to the teams. One Steno Secretary shall also be available with IC for recording all information coming in and instructions going out.

In addition to the support teams mentioned above, there will be a team for each functional area, as described below: Task Force ¾ To identify source of hazard and try to neutralize / contain it. ¾ To isolate remaining plant and keep that in safe conditions. ¾ To organize safe shutdown of plant, if necessary. ¾ To organize all support services like operation of the fire pumps, sprinkler system etc.

Maintenance ¾ Attend to all emergency maintenance jobs on top priority. Team ¾ To take steps to contain or reduce the level of hazard created due to disaster. ¾ To organize additional facilities as desired. Fire Fighting ¾ To rush to fire sport and extinguish fire. Team ¾ To seek help from outside fire fighting agencies. ¾ To evacuate persons effected. Auto Base Team ¾ To make the auto base vehicles ready to proceed for evacuation or other duties, when asked for, ¾ To send at least one mechanic at the site of incidence where he may help in attending minor defects in ambulance, fire tenders or other vehicles. ¾ To arrange petrol / diesel supply. ¾ Make all arrangements regarding transportation. Communication ¾ To maintain the communication network in working condition. Team ¾ To attend urgent repairs in the communication system, if required. ¾ To arrange messengers for conveying urgent messages when needed. ¾ To help NTPC Authorities to communicate with external or internal authorities / officials. Security Team ¾ To man all gates. ¾ To ban entry of unauthorized persons. ¾ To permit, with minimum delay, the entry of authorized personnel and outside agencies, vehicles etc. who have come to help. ¾ To allow the ambulance / evacuation vehicles etc. to go through the gates without normal checks. Administration ¾ To rescue the casualties on priority basis. Team ¾ To transport casualties to first aid post, safe places or medical centers. ¾ To account the personnel. ¾ To help in search for missing personnel. ¾ To pass information to the kith and kin of fatal or serious injured persons. Safety Team ¾ To arrange required safety equipment. ¾ To record accidents. ¾ To collect and preserve evidences in connection with accident injuries. ¾ To guide authorities on all safety related issues. Medical Team ¾ To arrange first aid material / stretchers immediately and reach site of incident. ¾ To arrange for immediate medical attention. ¾ To arrange for sending the casualties to various hospitals and nursing homes etc. ¾ To ask for specific medical assistance from outside through Medial Specialist in consultation with MC / IC. Monitoring Team ¾ To measure gas concentrations at various places, in case of gas leakage.

Essential Staff In plant area immediately affected or likely to be affected, as decided by the Main Controller, efforts will be needed to make shut down and make process units safe. This work will be carried out by plant supervisors and essential operators provided they can do it without exposing themselves to undue risk. Some workers / supervisors will also be required to help the above works, for example- Attendants, Messengers, Drivers, First Aiders, and Steno-Typists etc. These will be Essential Staff and it is the responsibility of the Incident Controllers to identify the essential staff from a task force and ask them to report at defined plant control centers so that they can be readily contacted. It is also the responsibility of the Work incident Controller to remove all non-essential staff to assembly points.

First Information The first person who observes / identifies the emergency shall inform by shouting and by telephone to the shift engineer and fire station about the hazard. The shift engineer will inform to Main Controller, Incident Controller and also telephone operator, who shall communicate it to all key officers about the emergency.

Mutual Aid There are no industries around Tanda TPP which could give immediate help to NTPC, Tanda. Hence, efforts have been made establish possible infrastructural facilities at the Project itself. In the event of extreme emergency, help through District Magistrate, Ambedkar Nagar and Tehsil authorities can be obtained for which requisite line up is existing at NTPC, Tanda.

6.3.4 Evaluation of Functioning of Disaster Plan In order to evaluate the functioning and effectiveness of procedures laid in Disaster Management Plan, regular mock drills are conducted. The Mock drills are carried out step by step as stated below: First Step Test the effectiveness of communication system. Second Step Test the speed of mobilisation of the plant emergency teams. Third Step Test the effectiveness of search, rescue and treatment of casualties. Fourth Step Test emergency isolation and shut down and remedial measures taken on the system. Fifth Step Conduct a full rehearsal of all the actions to be taken during an emergency.

There are two types of mock drills recommended in Disaster Management Plan – Full Mock Drill (to be conducted at least once in 6 months) and Disaster Management Efficacy Drill (to be conducted at least once in 3 months). The details of these drills are presented in following sections.

Full Mock Drill This shall be conducted with Plant Head as Chairman; Head of O&M as Vice Chairman; Heads of Operation, Maintenance, Medical, Personnel, CISF, Auto Base and Materials as Members and Head of Safety as Convener and it shall test the following: • Functioning of Emergency Control Center, specifically availability of all facilities etc as mentioned in the DMP and its functional healthiness. • To evaluate communication of the DMP to all segments of employees, to familiarize them about their responsibilities in case of any disaster including evaluation of behaviour of employees and others. • To ensure that all facilities as required under the plan from within or from nearby industries / aid center under mutual assistance scheme or otherwise are available. • To ensure that the necessities under material assistance scheme is properly documented and the concerned employees are fully aware in this regard. • To ensure that employees are fully aware to fight any emergency like sealing of chlorine leakage, fire fighting other such cause.

Disaster Management Efficacy Drill This shall be conducted with Head of O&M as Chairman and Heads of Personnel, Communication, CISF and Medical as Members and Head of Safety as Convener and it shall test the following: • All employees are trained about their responsibilities / duties. They all are aware about evacuation routes, direction of evacuation, equipment to be used during evacuation or the method of evacuation. • All employees are fully trained to rescue their colleagues, who may be affected due to cause of disaster. In case they are unable to rescue their colleagues, they should know to whom they have to inform about such persons. • All employees are fully trained in first aid & use of desired equipments including breathing apparatus. First Aid boxes etc are available at the desired location. • All warning alarms are functional. Public Address System is in healthy condition. • All telephone lines / communication systems are provided in control rooms and there is no removal of the facilities (as prescribed) for the control rooms. • It is very clear amongst the concerned managers who shall call for assistance under mutual aid scheme or the facilities from within. • It is clear at the plant, who shall declare emergency. • It is clear at the plant, who shall inform the District Authorities, State Authorities and Corporate Center. The Disaster Management Plan shall be periodically revised based on experiences gained from the mock drills.

6.3.5 Off Site Emergency Plan In Tanda TPP, the following conditions can ordinarily constitute an off-site emergency:

♦ Heavy release of chlorine, due to rupture of valve or rupture of the shell, explosion in chlorine cylinder due to fire, terrorist activities or otherwise; resulting in its spread to neighbouring areas. ♦ Major fire involving combustible materials like oil, and other facilities. Under the Environmental Protection Act, the responsibility of preparation of Off-Site Emergency Plan lies with the State Government. The Collector / Deputy Collector are ordinarily nominated by State Government to prepare Off-Site Emergency Plan. The District Collector or his nominated representative would be the team leader of planning team, who shall conduct the planning task in a systematic manner. The members of planning team for off site emergencies are Collector / Deputy Collector, District Authorities, In-charge of Fire Services, Police and members drawn from Medical Services, Factory Inspectorate, Pollution Control Board, Industries and Transport. In addition to these members, there are co-opted members from district authorities concerned, civil defence, publicity department, Municipal Corporation, and non officials such as elected representative (MPs, MLAs, voluntary organization, non-governmental organizations etc)

6.3.6 Post Emergency Relief to the Victims The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991 provides for the owner who has control over handling hazardous substances to pay specified amount of money to the victims as interim relief by taking insurance policy for this purpose. The District Collector has definite role in implementation of this act. After proper assessment of the incident, he shall invite applications for relief, conduct an enquiry into the claims and arrange payment of the relief amount to the victims.

6.3.7 Disaster Prevention and Reduction NTPC recognizes, and accepts its responsibility for establishing and maintaining a safe working environment for all its employees. This responsibility arises from: ¾ Company’s moral responsibility to its employees, to provide the best practicable conditions of work from the point of view of health and safety. ¾ The obligation to consult with its staff and their representative to implement policies and procedures developed as a result of discussions. ¾ Statutory responsibility in respect of health, safety and welfare of employees emanating from relevant legislations such as the Factories Act. The Indian Electricity Act. The Explosive Act, the Boiler Act etc.

Responsibilities of the NTPC NTPC shall take all such steps which are reasonably practicable to ensure best possible conditions of work, and with this end in view the company shall do the following :- • To allocate sufficient resources to provide and maintain safe and healthy conditions of work

• To take steps to ensure that all known safety factors are taken into account in the design, construction, operation and maintenance of plants, machinery and equipment. • To ensure that adequate safety instructions are given to all employees. • To provide wherever necessary protective equipment, safety appliances and clothing, and to ensure their proper use. • To inform employees about materials, equipment or processes used in their work which are known to be potentially hazardous to health or safety. • To keep all operations and methods of work under regular review for making necessary changes from the point of view of safety in the light of experience and up to date knowledge. • To provide appropriate facilities for first aid, prompt treatment of injuries and illness at work. • To provide appropriate instruction, training, retraining and supervision in health and safety and first aid and ensure that adequate publicity is given to these matters. • To ensure proper implementation of fire prevention and an appropriate fire fighting service, together with training facilities for personnel involved in this service. • To ensure that professional advice is made available wherever potentially hazardous situations exist or might arise. • To organize collection, analysis and presentation of data on accident, sickness and incident involving personal injury or injury to health with a view to taking corrective, remedial and preventive action. • To promote through the established machinery, joint consultation in health and safety matters to ensure effective participation by all employees. • To publish/notify regulations, instructions and notices in the common language of employees. • To prepare separate safety rules for each type of occupation/process involved in a project. • To ensure regular safety inspection by a competent person at suitable intervals of all buildings, equipments, work places and operations. • To co-ordinate the activities of the company and of its contractors working on the Company’s premises for the implementation and maintenance of safe systems of work, to comply with their legal obligations with regard to the health, safety and welfare of their employees.

Responsibilities of the Employees The establishment and maintenance of best possible conditions of work is, no doubt, the responsibility of management. However, it is also necessary that each employee follows prescribed safe methods of work. He should take reasonable care for the health and safety of himself and his fellow employees and of other persons who may be affected by his action at work. With this in mind, employees should be health and safety conscious and:-

Report Potential hazards Observe Safety rules, procedures and codes of practice. Use With all reasonable care the tools, equipment, safety equipment and protective clothing provided by the Company; these items should be kept in good condition. Participate In safety training courses when called upon to do so. Make Use Of safety suggestions schemes. Take An active and personal interest in promoting health and safety at work.

Responsibility for Implementation • The ultimate responsibility for ensuring the implementation of the policy on health and safety at work rests on the NTPC Management - Corporate Human Resources Division at the Corporate level and the concerned General Managers at the Project/Station level. The Officers in charge of Safety will be functionally responsible to the Corporate Center for ensuring that the policy is promulgated, interpreted and carried out in the manner expected. • Immediate responsibility for safety at work is that of the Manager/ Executives of each department/section who are primarily responsible to prevent accidents involving members of their staff and other persons. It is their responsibility to issue clear and explicit working instructions, compliance with which will ensure safe working and to require the effective use of approved equipment. • Accepted rules, procedures and codes of practice which are formulated with proper regard to health and safety consideration must be strictly observed by all concerned. Contracting Agencies executing works should be made responsible, through various measures including appropriate provisions in the contract, for discharging their safety obligations. • In designated areas of particular hazard the concerned executives are required to authorize, in writing, the commencement of any work and, before doing so, personally satisfy themselves that all necessary safety precautions have been carried out. Such executives must themselves be authorized, in writing as competent to perform these duties. • Safety Officers are appointed to advise management on questions of safety at work including advice on the application in particular local situations of the system of work, implementation of Company’s Rules and Relevant Codes of Practices in consultation with Area Engineer. They will be consulted in the interpretation of rules and codes being formulated by the corporate management and shall advise management in the investigation and analysis of accidents and circulation of appropriate statistics.

6.3.8 Major Site Incidents The General Manager at each Project/Station is required to ensure that plans are devised for action in the event of fire, major site incident or necessity for evacuation

procedure. These plans must be communicated to all staff and rehearsed from time to time. • Fire fighting training and the formation of fire-fighting team on a voluntary basis will be encouraged by the Project/Station Management. • All accidents and dangerous occurrences will be reported immediately to the General Manager who will implement an established procedure to ensure that an investigation takes places and recommendations are made to prevent recurrence.

6.3.9 Reporting of Accidents and Dangerous Occurrences With a view to ensure prompt reporting of accidents and dangerous occurrences to comply with requirements/obligations under different statutes; and to inform the concerned authorities within the organization for keeping complete information of accidents for record and analysis and to take necessary preventive actions, a procedure for reporting of accidents dangerous occurrences has been framed. Separate procedures have been formulated for accidents causing injuries/ fatalities and for dangerous occurrences.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 6.0 ADDITIONAL STUDIES Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage- II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 7-1

7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS

7.1 IMPROVEMENT IN POWER SUPPLY Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) will improve the power supply position in Uttar Pradesh and other states/ union territories of Northern Region, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved power supply will reduce the dependence of general public and commercial establishments on DG Sets thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels.

7.2 IMPROVEMENT IN INFRASTRUCTURE Establishment of large developmental projects improve the availability of the physical infrastructures (like approach roads, drainage, communication and transportation facilities etc.) and social infrastructures (like education and health care system). However, as Stage-I of the project is already existing for about two decades, this effect will be marginal. Further, NTPC shall take up some community welfare activities under Corporate Social Responsibility, which will benefit the local population.

7.3 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL TnTPP, Stage-II shall provide employment potential under unskilled, semi-skilled and skilled categories. The employment potential shall increase with the start of construction activities, reach a peak during construction phase and then reduce with completion of construction activities. During operation phase also there will be employment opportunities, mainly in service sector, although its magnitude will be much less. The direct employment opportunities with NTPC are extremely limited and the opportunities exist mainly with the contractors and sub-contractors. These agencies will be persuaded to provide the jobs to local persons on a preferential basis wherever feasible.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 7.0 PROJECT BENEFITS Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage- II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 8-1

8.0 ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN

Environmental Management Plan (EMP) reviews the adequacy of various pollution control measures envisaged for Tanda TPP, Stage-II (presented in Chapter 2.0) in mitigating various environmental impacts identified and assessed in Chapter 4.0. Additional mitigatory measures, if required to ensure sustainable power development are also suggested. EMP has been prepared separately for construction and operation phases. It describes administrative aspects of ensuring that mitigatory measures are implemented and their effectiveness is monitored. It also includes green belt development plan. Environmental monitoring programme has already been presented in Chapter 5.0. Each of the mitigatory measure has been assessed with respect to • Adoption of state of art technological measures • Identification of human resources for its effective implementation • Allocation of financial resources for its effective implementation and • Effectiveness of mitigatory measure in mitigation of impacts EMP specifies various technological measures for pollution prevention, waste minimization, end-of-pipe treatment, attenuation etc. proposed to be undertaken to mitigate the environmental impacts on each sector of environment during each phase of the project, i.e. construction phase and operation phase. The responsibility for implementation for all mitigatory measures rests with NTPC. Most of the mitigatory measures are integral part of the main plant package and are commissioned simultaneously with the commissioning of the main plant packages. However, at this stage, it is not possible to give a detailed physical and financial plan for individual measures.

8.1 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR CONSTRUCTION PHASE The impacts of construction activities would be temporary in nature and will reduce gradually with the completion of the construction activities. Various mitigation measures proposed to be implemented during construction phase are described in Table 8.1.1. Table 8.1.1: Mitigation Measures Proposed to be Implemented During Construction Phase

Mitigation Measures Proposed & Regulation Targets to Achieve Risks and Responsibility for Implementation Consequence of Failure, if any AIR ENVIRONMENT Water sprinkling in vulnerable areas - Control of fugitive dust Increase in SPM (NTPC + Contractor) from construction areas emissions Proper maintenance of vehicles and - Control of NOx Nil construction equipment (NTPC + Emissions Contractor)

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage- II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 8-2

Transportation of construction material - Control of fugitive dust Increase in SPM in covered trucks, wherever possible from construction areas emissions (NTPC + Contractor) NOISE ENVIRONMENT Proper maintenance of vehicles, - Control of ambient and Increase in equipment and machinery (Contractor) in-plant noise levels noise levels Provision of acoustic covers/ - Control of ambient and Increase in enclosures on equipment and in-plant noise levels noise levels machinery, wherever possible (Contractor) Provision of earmuffs/ earplugs to the Protection of workers Health effects workers in high noise areas and on individual enforcement of its use (Contractor). workers. WATER ENVIRONMENT Channelisation of effluents from MOEF Notification Control of suspended Increase in total construction area through network of dated 19.05.1993 solids in effluents from suspended drains (NTPC) construction area solids in effluents Construction of temporary MOEF Notification Control of suspended Increase in total sedimentation tanks for the effluents dated 19.05.1993 solids in effluents from suspended from construction area (NTPC + construction area solids in Contractor) effluents SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Rehabilitation of Project Affected - To restore livelihood and Degradation of Persons (NTPC + State Govt.) alleviate economic living condition condition of project of PAPs and affected persons (PAPs) local resentment Provision of environmentally safe - To provide clean & Unhealthy camping area for the migrant laborers healthy living living (NTPC / Contractor) environment to work conditions, force spread of diseases Arrangements for water supply and To reduce stress on Stress on sanitation (NTPC / Contractor) surrounding population existing utilities, conflicts with local people SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Disposal of surplus earth and - Control of pollution Air/ Water construction debris Pollution Reclaiming of inbuilt area with - Create a good visual Unpleasant appropriate vegetation/ land scaping environment surroundings

8.2 MITIGATION MEASURES FOR OPERATION PHASE Table 8.2.1(a) describes various mitigation measures proposed to be implemented during operation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II and Table 8.2.1(b) describes the mode of implementation and allocation of human and financial resources for the same. A cost provision of Rs. 695.3 crore has been made in the Feasibility Report of Tanda TPP, Stage-II for environmental protection measures. It may be seen that many of the mitigation measures have already been envisaged in the Feasibility Report.

Table 8.2.1(a): Mitigation Measures Proposed to be Implemented During Operation Phase

Mitigation Measures Regulation Targets to Achieve Risks and Consequence Proposed of Failure, if any AIR ENVIRONMENT High Efficiency ESPs MOEF To reduce the emission Increase in SPM Notification dated levels of SPM to 100 emissions 03.01.1989 mg/Nm3 275 m High Stack MOEF wider dispersion of SPM, Nil Notification dated SO2 and NOx 30.08.1990 Coal Dust Extraction and - Control of fugitive dust Increase in fugitive Suppression Systems from coal handling plant emissions Stabilisation/ water sprinklers - Control of fugitive dust Increase in fugitive in dry areas of ash deposition. emissions WATER ENVIRONMENT Cooling Towers MOEF Cooling of hot water Increase in temp. of Notification dated coming out of condenser water coming out of 02.01.1999 and auxiliary cooling cooling systems systems for recycle

Main Plant Effluent Treatment MOEF Removal of suspended Increase in parameters. Plant including Central Notification dated solids, oil and grease and Monitoring Basin 19.05.1993 neutralisation of pH, to conform to regulatory standards Sewage Treatment Plant . MOEF Removal of suspended Increase in parameters Notification dated solids and organic matter 19.05.1993 to conform to regulatory standards for discharge of effluents into inland surface waters NOISE ENVIRONMENT Design of equipment CPCB Guidelines To control noise levels to Increase in in-plant and 90 dBA at 1 m distance ambient noise levels Provision of acoustic CPCB Guidelines Attenuation of noise in Increase in in-plant and enclosures/ barriers/ shields to source receptor pathway ambient noise levels reduce noise Provision of personal protective - Protection of hearing Health impact on equipments like ear plugs and senses of workers workers in high noise ear muffs areas SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Dry collection of fly ash and MOEF Facilitate supply of dry Increase in quantity of supply of ash to entrepreneurs Notification ash to entrepreneurs ash for disposal 14.09.1999 and 27.08.03 Ash Utilisation MOEF Reduce land requirement Increased land Notification for ash disposal and requirement 14.09.1999 and pollution from ash 27.08.03 disposal site. Disposal of Unused Ash _ Environmentally safe _ disposal of unused ash Mill Rejects _ Reuse within plant/ sale _ for reuse

Township Solid Waste _ Environmentally safe Air and water pollution, disposal of municipal spread of disease vectors waste from township OTHERS Afforestation and Green Belt - Ecological improvement Development Attenuation of air pollutants (SPM, SO2 and NOx) and noise in source receptor pathway Control of Fire and Explosion - Safety Increased risk of fire Hazards and explosion

Table 8.2.2(b): Mode of Implementation of Mitigation Measures During Operation Phase

Mitigation Measures Mode of Identification of Human Allocation of Implementation Resources financial resource AIR ENVIRONMENT High Efficiency ESPs Integral Part of Main ESP maintenance group at Provision of Rs. Plant Package site 202.93 Crores in Feasibility Report 275 m High Stack Civil Construction Operation and maintenance Provision of Rs. Package group 54.48 Cr. in F.R. Coal Dust Extraction and Integral Part of Main Coal handling group at site Provision of Rs. 4.0 Suppression Systems Plant Package Cr. in F.R. Ash Management Part of Operation and Ash handling group at site Provision of Rs. Maintenance System 159.29 Cr. in F.R.

WATER ENVIRONMENT Cooling Towers Part of Main Plant O&M Group at Site Provision of Rs. Package 110.04 Cr. in F.R. Main Plant Effluent Part of Main Plant O&M (Water Treatment Provision of Rs. 9.0 Treatment Plant including Package Plant) Group at Site Cr. in F.R. Central Monitoring Basin Sewage Treatment Plant Part of Main Plant Township Administration Provision of Rs. 1.0 Package Group at Site Cr. in F.R. NOISE ENVIRONMENT Design of equipment/ Included in Technical Provision of acoustic Specification enclosures/ barriers/ shields to reduce noise Provision of personal To be provided to protective equipments like workers in high noise ear plugs and ear muffs area. SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Dry fly ash collection and Part of main plant Ash handling group at site loading system package Disposal of Unused Ash - Ash handling group at site Provision of Rs. 140.1 Cr. in F.R. Township Solid Waste Through Contractor Township Administration Group

OTHERS Afforestation and Green State Forest Department/ Horticulture group at site Provision of Rs. 2.0 Belt Development other agency Cr. in F. R. Control of Fire and Part of Main Plant Safety Group at Site Provision of Rs. Explosion Hazard Package 31.95 Cr. in F. R. Environmental Lab. In-house/ out-sourcing Chemistry Group at Site Provision of Rs. 0.5 Equipment Cr. in F. R.

8.3 INSTITUTIONAL SET-UP FOR ENV. MANAGEMENT As per the present set-up the environmental groups in NTPC have a three-tier organisation structure, as shown in Table 8.3.1. Table 8.3.1: Organization Structure of NTPC for Environmental Management Corporate Engineering Environmental Engineering Center Operations Environmental Management Human Rehabilitation & Resettlement Resources Horticulture Medical & Public Health Safety Regional Environmental As Coordinator Headquarters Management Projects Coordinator Environmental Management Operation & Chemistry Maintenance ESP Maintenance Ash Handling & Disposal Safety Human Community Development Resources Group Horticulture Medical & Public Health

The responsibility of environmental management of an operating station lies mainly with Environmental Management Groups at site, which acts as coordinator for environmental matters. This group acts as a nodal agency for various groups at project, regional headquarters and corporate level as well as outside agencies like UP Pollution Control Board. However, this group draws support from Environmental Engineering Group, Environmental Management Group and Rehabilitation & Resettlement Groups at Corporate Centre. The functions of main groups are summarised in following sections. 8.3.1 Functions of Environmental Groups at Corporate Center 8.3.1.1 Environmental Engineering Group (EEG) • Associating in site selection for new projects with engineering services. • EIA studies for new project sites and obtaining clearances.

• Finalization of specification of equipment for pollution monitoring. • Special studies relating to environmental problems. • Interaction with MoEF, Pollution Control Boards and funding agencies for new projects. • Provide assistance to sites in overcoming specific technical problems related to environment.

8.3.1.2 Environment Management Group (EMG) • Coordination and monitoring with stations, regions, Engg. Division and other concerned agencies on all environmental matters concerning operating stations. • Maintenance of an environment data base, trend analysis of pollution monitoring data and prepare exception reports. • Environmental Audit of Power Stations. • Providing operational feedback to Engineering for carrying out necessary modifications in existing / future systems, overseeing implementation of modification / improvement programmes. • Providing corporate support to stations through organization of meetings on Environment Management, obtaining management approvals. • Organizing Training workshops, Seminars etc.

8.3.1.3 Rehabilitation and Resettlement (R&R) Group • Socio-economic studies • R&R aspects of EIA, finalization of R&R plans for new projects. • Policy review and ensuring implementation. • Collection and collation of various statistics on R&R measures. • Providing these statistics to various agencies. • Finalization of the training programme in R&R.

8.3.2 Functions of Environmental Groups at site 8.3.2.1 Environment Management Group • Obtaining Consent order from SPCBs. • Environmental monitoring. • Analysis of environment data, reports, preparations and transmission of report to statutory authorities, Corporate Center etc. • Compliance with guidelines and statutory requirements. • Coordination with statutory bodies, functional groups of the station, regional head quarters, Corporate EMG / Engg etc. • Interaction for evolving and implementation of modification programmes to improve the availability / efficiency of pollution control devices / systems. • Environmental Appraisal (Internal) and Environmental Audit.

8.3.2.2 Rehabilitation and Resettlement Group • Preparation, implementation and follow-up of Rehabilitation Action Plan and Remedial Action Plan. • To strengthen the public image of the company in respect of social aspects and maintain good relationship with the community in the vicinity.

8.3.3 Institutional Set-up at Tanda TPP The Environmental Management Group in Tanda TPP is headed by Dy. General Manager and consists of executives and supporting staff and reports to General Manager of the Project. In order to deal with the additional work load for environment management of Tanda TPP, Stage-II, the above group will be strengthened by inducting additional executives and supporting staff, if necessary. During the construction of the project, Project Review Team (PRT) meetings will be held every month wherein officials from the project and corporate centre will participate and discuss the progress and problems related to implementation of schedules of activities for construction, completion and commissioning. It will be ensured that all pollution control measures identified are implemented in a coordinated manner, linking the overall project implementation plans. Once the construction is completed, the monthly Operation Review Team (ORT) meetings for the project will be held. In these meetings in addition to routine operation and maintenance (O&M) problems issues related to environment will also be discussed. Dedicated groups for operation & maintenance of major systems like Electrostatic Precipitators, Ash Handling Plant, Coal Handling Plant, Water and Waste Water Treatment Plants etc. are formed during operation phase. These groups will ensure effective functioning of the system and the same will be monitored during Operation Review Meetings held at project. The exception related to the compliance of environmental norms including problems associated with the mitigation measures identified will be included in the agenda for quarterly review meetings, wherein action plan for remedial measures will be drawn and monitored.

8.4 AFFORESTATION AND GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT Implementation of afforestation program is of paramount importance for any industrial development. In addition to augmenting green cover, it also checks soil erosion, makes the climate more conducive, restores water balance and makes the ecosystem more complex and functionally more stable. The green belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the plant, apart from improving the aesthetics of the plant site. The main objective of the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. Lay out plan of Tanda TPP, Stage-I was designed by UPSEB, with a little emphasis for provision of green belt all around main plant and township areas. Main Plant and Township for Tanda TPP, Stage-II are proposed to be located within the premises of

existing plant boundary for Tanda TPP, Stage-I. Therefore, there is no space available for separate raising of Green Belts for Stage-I and II. Even with the existing constraints of space, forestation and plantation activities have already been implemented under Stage-I of the project in the form of strips and patches and the same is planned in balance available space in plant and township areas for implementation under Stage-II. In order to compensate for non-availability of area for plantation, the plantation activities are also being undertaken in the surrounding villages, with the help of State Forest Department. So far (from 2000 to 2008), more than 1,80,000 trees have been planted. An afforestation plan for the project has been developed based on “Guidelines for Developing Green Belt” published by Central Pollution Control Board. The main objective of the afforestation plan is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. In addition, it is also aimed at the following: 1. To reduce air pollution. 2. To attenuate noise generated by various machines. 3. To attenuate the effect of accidental release of toxic gases 4. To reduce the effect of fire and explosion 5. To improve the general environment and aesthetics of the area 6. To provide suitable habitat for fauna 7. To control soil erosion 8. To obscure the proposed facilities from general view.

8.4.1 Selection of Tree Species The effectiveness of plants to control pollution depends upon the physiological, morphological traits such as leaf epidermis, size, leaf orientation, internal enzyme system, etc. Systematic screening of plants for their ability to tolerate pollutant need be undertaken. The tree species selected for green belt should include the native species having multipurpose uses. These trees should be planted in several rows with a tree density of 1500-2500 trees/ha. The interspaces should be planted with grasses, bushes and hedges. The treated sewage effluent from the plant may be used for watering the green belt. The general approach for selection of species for green belt development is as follows: • Tolerance to specific conditions or alternatively wide adaptability to ecological conditions; • Rapid growth; • Capacity to endure water stress and climatic extremes after initial establishment; • Differences in height, growth habits and bole shapes; • Pleasing appearance; • Capacity to selectively absorb pollutants from the surroundings; • Providing shades; • Large bio-mass and canopy; • Ability of fixing atmospheric nitrogen; and • Improving waste lands;

Plants selected from the list given in Table 8.4.1 shall be planted during the development of green belt. In order to prevent fugitive dust emissions, the basal area for green belt development will be covered by grasses and leguminous plants.

Table 8.4.1: Plant Species Recommended for Plantation in and around Tanda TPP (Source: Guidelines for Developing Green Belt published by CPCB, March 2000)

Tolerant (To) or Deciduous (De) Sensitive Height in or Evergreen Name (Se) Habitat meters (Ev) Flowering Season Abutilon indicum Tolerant Shrub 5 Deciduous. Most of the year Acacia auriculiformis Tolerant Tree. 16 Evergreen June - Jan. Acacia dealbato Tolerant Tree. 15 Evergreen. April - June Acacia leucophloea Tolerant Shrub 3 Deciduous Jan.-Feb. Acacia nilotica Tolerant Tree 8 Evergreen Aug - Jan. Acacia pennata Tolerant Shrub Evergreen June - Aug. May June, Oct - Acacia polyacantha Tolerant Tree 10 Semi deciduous. Nov. Aug - Mid Sept, Acacia senegal Tolerant Tree 5m Deciduous Nov. - Mar. Acacia sinuata Tolerant Tree 10 Acacia tortilis Tolerant Tree 8m Evergreen Achras sabot Tolerant Tree. 10 Evergreen Sept. - Dec. Adenanthera pavonina Tolerant Tree 20 Deciduous Mar - Aug. Aegle mormelos Tolerant Tree 12 Evergreen May - July Ailanthus altissima Tolerant Tree 12 Deciduous Sept - Nov. Ailanthus excelsa Tolerant Tree 20 Deciduous. Feb - March Alangium chinense Tolerant Tree 10 Deciduous. Albizic chinensis Tolerant Tree 10- I 2 Deciduous April - June. Albizia lebbeck Tree 20 Deciduous April - May Albizia moluccana Tree 15 Evergreen July-Oct. Albizia odoratissirna Tolerant Tree 18 Evergreen April - June. Albizia procera Tolerant Tree 20 Deciduous June - Sept. Aleurites fordii Tolerant Tree 8 Deciduous April - June. Alstonia scholaris Tree I 5 Evergreen Dec - Mar. Small Anona squamosa tree 10 Evergreen March - July Anona reticulata. Tree 10 Evergreen June. Anogieissus latifolia Tolerant Tree 20 Evergreen May - July Anthocepholus chinensis Tolerant Tree 20 Deciduous Nov - Feb. Aphanamixis polystachya Tolenrant Tree 13 Evergreen July. Artocarpus heterophyllu Tree 10 Evergreen Nov. - Jan. Jon - March, Aug. Azadirachta indica Tolerant Tree 20 Evergreen Sept. Balanites roxburghii Tolerant Tree 9m Evergreen April - June. MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Rev. No.: 0 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Project, Stage- II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 8-10

Bambusa arundinacia (Retz) Tolerant Shrub. 20m Deciduous. Shrub/tall perennial Barnbusa vul!garis Tolerant grasses. 15m Deciduous. Barringtonia March - May, acutangula Tolerant Tree 9-12 m Evergreen Sept Oct. Bauhinia acuminata Tolerant Shrub. 3m Deciduous June Bauhinia purpurea Tolerant Tree 7 m Deciduous Sept - Nov. Small Bauhinia racemosa Tolerant tree 5m Deciduous Mar - June Bauhinia sesquare Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous Sept - Nov. Bauhinia varigata Tolerant Tree 5 rn Deciduous Nov. Bischofia javanica Tolerant Tree 15m Semi deciduous. April Sept Bougainvillea Throughout the spectabilis . Tolerant Shrub 8m Evergreen year. Bridelia squamosa Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous May - Oct. Broussonetia papyrifera Tolerant Tree 12m Deciduous Aug - Nov. Buchanania I nzon Spreng. Tolerant Tree 13M Evergreen Jan - Mar. Small Throughout the Cailistemon citrinus Tolerant tree 5m Evergreen year esp. April Calophyllum inophyllum Tolerant Tree 18m Evergreen Dec - Jan. Calotropis gigantea Tolerant Shrub 5m Evergreen Feb - July Calotropis procera Tolerant Shrub 6m Evergreen December Carissa spinarum Tolerant Shrub 3m Evergreen Mar - May Cassia filstula Tolerant Tree 12m Deciduous March - May Cassia javanica Tolerant Tree 12m Deciduous May - June Cassia pumila Tolerant Tree 10-12m Evergreen Cassia renigera Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous May - June . Classia siamea Tolerant Tree 10- I2m Evergreen Aug - May. Feb - April, Sept - casuarina equisetifolia Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Oct Ceiba pentandra Tolerant Tree 15m Deciduous March - July Citrus aurantium Tolerant Tree 5m Evergreen Sept - Nov Citrus limon Tolerant Shrub 3m Evergreen Nov - Jan Clerodendrum infortunatum Tolerant Shrub 3-4m Evergreen Oct - Jan Throughout the Cocos nucifera Tolerant Tree 10-15m Evergreen year Cordia dichotoma. Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen March - April Dalbergia latifolia Tolerant Tree 20m Semideciduous August - Sept Dalberqia sisoo Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen March - June Delonix regia Senstive Tree 15m Deciduous Aprill - June Shrub / tall perennial Dendrocalamus strictus Tolerant grass. 12m Deciduous Derris indica Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen April - June Dryptes roxburghii Tolerant Tree 15m Evergreen Mar - May Ernbrica officinalis Tolerant Tree 5m Deciduous June - July also in

Goertn. Feb, Mar-May. Ernbryopteris peringrina . Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous Mar - May Erythrina variegata Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous Feb - May Feb -April,Oct- Eucalyptus citriodora Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen Dec Feb -April,Oct- Eucalyptus hybrid Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen Dec Ficus benghalensis Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen April - June Ficus benjamina Tolerant Tree 12m Evergreen Sept- Nov Ficus elastica Tolerant Tree 12m Evergreen Aug - Oct, Dec- Ficus glomerata Tolerant Tree 15m Decidous Feb Ficus hispida Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen April - July Ficus religiosa Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen Jan -May Ficus virens Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Jan -May April - Aug extended upto Gardenia jasminoides Tolerant Tree 5m Evergreen Sept Gardenia resinifera Tolerant Tree 5m Deciduous Mar - Jun Grevillea robusta Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen Feb - April Grewia elastica Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous May - Aug Grewia subinequalis Tolerant Shrub 7m Evergreen April - June. Guazma ulmifolia Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Mar - Aug Hamelia patens Tolerant Shrub 3m Evergreen Oct - jan Heterophragma roxburghii Tolerant Tree 18m Evergreen Feb - Apr throughout the Hibiscus rosa sinensis Tolerant Shrub 3m Evergreen year. Hippophae rhamnoides Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous Mar - May Ixora chinensis Tolerant Shrub 6m Evergreen Mar throughout the Ixora coccinea Tolerant Tree 6m Evergreen year Ixora undulata Tolerant Tree 6m Evergreen Mar - Apr Jacaranda mimosaefolia Sensitive Tree 10m Deciduous Mar - Apr Small Kigelia africana Tolerant tree 10m Evergreen Mar - Jun Lagerstroemia parviflora Tolerant Tall tree 20m Deciduous June Lagerstroemia speciosa Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen April - June. throughout the Lantana camara Tolerant Shrub 3m Evergreen year Lawsonia inermis Tolerant Shrub 5m Evergreen April - July Mallotus philippensis Tolerant Tree 12m Evergreen Nov - Jan Jan - Mar (in south) Feb - Apr. Mangifera Indica Sensitive Tree 15m Evergreen (in North) Melaleuca leucadendron Tolerant Tree Evergreen Sept - Nov Milletia peguensis Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Aug - Oct Millingtonia hortensis Sensitive Tree 10m Evergreen Oct - Dec

Mimusops hexandra Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Sept - Nov Moringa oleifera Sensitive Tree 10m Deciduous Jan - Apr Morus alba Sensitive Tree 8m Evergreen Feb - Jun Murraya paniculata Tolerant Shrub 5m Evergreen Jun - Oct throughout the Nerium indicum Tolerant Shrub 5m Evergreen year more or less throughout the Nyctanthus arbor-tristis Tolerant Shrub 5m Deciduous year Ouginia oojeinensis Tolerant Tree 12m Deciduous Feb - Mar Peltophorum pterocarpum Tolerant tall tree Evergreen May - Sept Phoenix syslvestris Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Jan - Feb Pithecellobium Tolerant Tree 8m Evergreen Jan -Feb Polyalthia longifolia Sensitive Tree 15 or 5m Evergreen Apr - June Populus deltoides Sensitive Tree 20m Deciduous Populus euphratica Olivier. Sensitive Tree 10m Deciduous Populus nigra Sensitive Tree 20m Deciduous Prosopis chilensis Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen Dec-Apr Prosopis cineraria Tolerant Tree 12m Evergreen Dec-Apr Pterygota alata var. irregularis Tolerant Tree 15m Semi deciduous Mar - Apr Ricinus communis Tolerant Shrub 6m Evergreen Sept - Oct Salix alba Tolerant Tree 20m Deciduous Mar - May Spondias pinnata Tolerant Tree 10m Deciduous Feb - Apr Syzygium cumini Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen Mar - May Tabernaemontana Throughout the divaricata Tolerant Shrub 3m Evergreen year Tamarindus indica Tolerant Tree 20m Evergreen Apr - Oct Tectona stans Tolerant Shrub 5m Evergreen Feb -Apr Tectona grandis Tolerant Tree 20m Deciduous June - Sept Terminalia arjuna Tolerant Tree 15m Deciduous April - July Terminalia bellerica Tolerant Tree 15m Deciduous April - May Terminalia chebula Tolerant Tree 15m Deciduous Mar - Oct Through out the Thespesia populneoides Tolerant Tree 15m Evergreen year Thevetia peruviana Tolerant Shrub 6m Evergreen Thuja accidentalis Tolerant Tree 15m Evergreen Through out the Trema orientalis Tolerant Tree 6m Evergreen year Zizyphus mauratiana Var. Fruticosa Tolerant Tree 10m Evergreen April - Oct Straggler Zizyphus rugosa . Tolerant shrub 5m Evergreen Dec - Feb Straggler Zizyphus xylopyra . Tolerant shrub 4m Evergreen April - June

8.4.2 Procedure for Plantation To undertake plantation on site, following steps are involved: • Collection of healthy seeds from middle aged trees • Filling up poly bags and root trainers with potting mixtures made up of soil, sand and compost • Sowing of seeds in polybags and root trainers for raising quality seedlings in nursery; • Maintenance of raised seedlings in a nursery • Preparation of pits size 60cm X 60cm X 60 cm on site in the month of March • Planting of seedlings in the month of July, August

Seedlings should be raised in nurseries. Adequate number of surplus seedlings should be available considering 10% mortality in seedlings. Healthy seedlings should be ready for transfer to permanent location before rainy season. Recommendations for preparation of pits and transfer of seedlings are as follows: • The plant to plant and row to row distance would depend on crown of plant species and location • The pits should be filled using fertile soil from nearby areas, Farm yard manure (FYM) and vermicompost ¾ Rhizobium commercial preparation (1 kg/1000 kg); ¾ BHC powder, if the soil inhabits white ants (in variable amount); and ¾ Watering will be provided immediately after plantation and thereafter

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 8.0 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 9-1

9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

Tanda Thermal Power Project (TnTPP) was conceived and implemented by Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (UPSEB) in 1980-81 in District Ambedkar Nagar of Uttar Pradesh. Subsequently, the station was taken over by NTPC in January, 2000. The present capacity of TnTPP is 440 MW (4x110 MW) and the same is under commercial operation. The present proposal is to implement coal based Tanda TPP, Stage-II (2x660 MW) for the benefit Uttar Pradesh and other willing of States/UTs of Northern Region during early XII Plan period. The project is envisaged to be based on Super Critical Technology, which shall generate power at higher efficiency, i.e. with less consumption of coal and water and less generation of pollutants as compared to conventional sub critical units.

9.1 THE SITE AND THE SURROUNDINGS The Tanda project site is located on the right bank of Main Tanda Canal near Bahadurpur village in Ambedkar Nagar District of Utter Pradesh having latitude and longitude of 260 35' 30" N and 820 35’ 40” E respectively. The site is approachable from Tanda - Faizabad State Highway. Nearest railway station Akbarpur is at a distance of 20 kms on Faizabad-Shahganj section of Northern Central railways. The nearest commercial airport at Lucknow is located at a distance of approximately 240 kms from the project site.

9.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS 9.2.1 Land Requirement Tanda TPP, Stage-II shall be established within the existing premises of Tanda TPP, Stage-I. However, about 715 acres of additional land (about 175 acres for main plant and about 540 acres for ash disposal and other requirements) is required for Stage-II (2x660 MW) of the project. In-principle land availability clearance has been obtained from Govt. of Uttar Pradesh vide dated 06.12.07.

9.2.2 Fuel Availability & Requirement Annual coal requirement for Tanda TPP, Stage-II shall be about 6.5 MTPA corresponding to 90% PLF and GCV of 3350 kcal/kg and the same is proposed to be met from Chatti-Bariatu and Kerandari captive coal mining blocks allotted to NTPC in North Karanpura Coalfields. The daily coal requirement shall be about 20,000 tonnes based on 100% plant load factor. The average ash content of coal would be 36% maximum sulphur content in coal would be 0.5%. The envisaged mode of coal transportation from the coal mines to the power plant is by Indian Railways.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 9-2

9.2.3 Water Availability and Requirement The source of water for the project is Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river which is at a distance of about 4 kms from the plant boundary.Make up water requirement for this project would be about 4400 m3/hr with ash water recirculation system and about 6700 m3/h with once through ash water system. The make-up water requirement is estimated as 65 Cusecs for 2x660 MW. Govt. of Uttar Pradesh vide dated 20.08.07 has given water availability commitment of 65 Cusecs of water from Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river.

9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) In order to identify the impacts due to construction and operation of TnTPP, Stage-II and draw an Environmental Management Plan, a detailed Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study has been undertaken through M/S Mantec Consultants Pvt. Limited, New Delhi. The study covers establishment of baseline environmental scenario, assessment of impacts due to Stage-II, and identification of environmental mitigation measures to minimise these impacts. In addition, ash utilisation and management plan, environmental monitoring plan, environmental management plan and disaster management plan have also been briefly covered. The draft Terms of Reference for EIA Study was approved by MOEF vide letter no. J-13012/96/2007-IA.II(T) dated 01.08.07, in accordance with MOEF Notification dated 14.09.2006 regarding environmental clearance process. The environmental disciplines studied include land-use, demography and socioeconomics, geology and soils, hydrology and water use, water quality, meteorology, air quality, terrestrial and aquatic ecology and noise. The study covered a period of one year from March, 2008 to February, 2009. The study area for EIA comprises of 10 km. radius around Tanda TPP, as shown in Exhibit 3.0.1. The study area is generally flat in nature and river Ghaghra (also known as saryu) flows from North-West to East direction almost in the middle of the study area. The study area falls in Ambedkar Nagar (South of Ghaghra river) and Basti (North of Ghaghra river) districts of Uttar Pradesh and it is rural in nature.

9.4 BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 9.4.1 Land Use The land use pattern of the study area has been established on the basis of census data of 2001 and satellite imagery of 2008. As per satellite imagery, agricultural land is the major constituents of the study area covering 65.76% of the study area. The built up land comprises of about 25.23%, plantations (small, scattered patches) cover 4.16%, waste lands cover 1.98% and water bodies cover 2.87% of the study area. As per Census Data of 2001, the agricultural land accounts for 68.35% of the study area, forests (artificial plantations) cover about 1.24% and non agricultural land 27.18% of the study area. Government canals and tube wells are the main sources of irrigation for agricultural area. No important archaeological, historical, cultural, aesthetic, religious and ecologically sensitive areas exist within 25 km from NTPC.

9.4.2 Water Use There is only one natural water body within the study area i.e Ghaghra River, also known as Saryu over the stretch of sacred town of Ayodhya to Belghat on the border of Gorakhpur. During the rains it carries an immense flow, but in dry weather it shrinks to small dimensions. The study area has extensive network of irrigation canals. In addition to the canals, the ground water resources are also exploited for domestic and irrigation purposes through a number of open dug wells and tube-wells seen in the study area.

9.4.3 Demography and Socio Economics Demographic and socio-economic profile of the study area is based on Census data for the year 2001. There are 238 villages and one municipal block falling under the study area with a total population of 2,56,974. The sex ratio is 1000 (Males):928 (females) and average family size is about 7 persons per house. The Schedule Caste (SC) population within the study area is 23.2% of the total population while Schedule Tribe (ST) population is negligible. The total number of literates within the study area is 49.5% of total population. Total number of main workers in the study area is 58,094 (22.5% of total population). Total number of marginal workers in study area is 20,228, which is approximately 7.9 % of the total population and total number of non-worker population is 1,78,592 which is 69.5% of the total population. The study area as a whole possesses medium level of infrastructural facilities.

9.4.4 Hydro-Geology The general topography of the study area is flat and it is situated in Tarai region, i.e. low valley of river Ghaghra. Ghagra river originates in the southern slopes of the Himalayas near Manasarowar Lake in Tibetan plateau, and it finally joins the Ganges at Chapra in Bihar, after traversing a distance of about 1080 km. Ghaghra is an important tributary of the Ganges. Ghaghra river flows in the form of continually shifting channel within a broad sandy bed, due to large islands are formed within the river bed. The study area is underlain by Quaternary alluvium brought by Ghaghra and its tributaries. It comprises of various grades of alluvium, gravel, kankar and clay. The upper belt is called 'Uparhar' and the soil texture is yellowish clay. The basin land of the rivers is mostly sandy soil, and the land adjacent to the rivers is sandy loam. The study area has four tier aquifer system. The ground water occurs under unconfined to confined conditions. The pre-monsoon depth ranges from 2.5 to 6.19 mbgl while post-monsoon depth to water table varies from 1.20 to 6.98 mbgl. The flood plains bordering Ghaghra river have shallow water table at about 2 mbgl. The study area still has potential for further ground water development.

9.4.5 Soils The entire study area is covered with thick alluvial soils brought by river Ghaghra and its tributaries. The main type of soils are the loamy or dumat, the clayey or matar and the sandy soil, found along the high banks of river Ghaghra. Soils are calcareous and the native vegetation consists of shrubs and low grasses. The fertility of the soil is medium to moderate. Two seasonal sampling and analysis of soil samples were undertaken at ten locations within the study area. The results of the analysis indicates that the soils are sandy loam/ loamy sand type. The soils are alkaline in nature and clay content of the soil is high (around 20-30%) at most of the locations.

9.4.6 Water Quality Surface and ground water quality within the study area was established through monthly monitoring of physico-chemical and bacteriological characteristics of water sources at seven locations (two on Ghaghra river and five in ground water) during the study period. In addition, the quality of treated effluents from Stage-I of the project was also monitored at three locations. Although the physico-chemical characteristics of Ghaghra River water are very good, conforming to drinking water standards, the water shows significant bacteriological contamination. The river water is fit for drinking after conventional treatment and disinfection. The ground water quality conforms to drinking water standards at all the five locations. The effluent quality conforms to the discharge standards.

9.4.7 Meteorology Climatological parameters recorded during the period 1951-1980 at India Meteorological Department (IMD) Observatory at Faizabad (located at about 45 km East of the project) have been used to establish general meteorological regime of the study area while meteorological data recorded at site during the monitoring period has been used for interpretation of the baseline scenario as well as for input to prediction model for air quality. The IMD data indicate that the study area has a hot and humid tropical climate. The annual mean maximum and minimum temperature recorded at Faizabad were 32.0°C and 18.5°C respectively. About 88% of the normal Rainfall is received during monsoon month i.e June to September. The average annual rainfall is 1126.1 mm and there are average 49.9 rainy day in the year. The rainiest month is August and the driest month is November. The average temperature recorded at site was 25°C, with the daily maximum temperature 39.5°C and minimum daily temperature 5.1°C. The monthly mean wind speed varies from 1.15 to 7.91 Km/hr respectively and calm condition exists for 28% of the time. The predominant wind directions are from West, South-West and North-East.

9.4.8 Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality was monitored at Six locations around the project, for total suspended particulate matters (TSPM), respirable particulate matter (RPM), sulphur di-oxide (SO2) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) during the study period. The monitoring results (Table 9.4.1) indicate that the air quality is well within the Ambient Air Quality Standards for Residential and Rural Areas.

Table 9.4.1: Ambient Air Quality Characteristics of the Study Area Parameters Min. of all Max. of all Average of all Observations Observations Observations (µg/m3) (µg/m3) (µg/m3) SPM 52 178 118.66 RPM 28 81 51.31 SO2 4 14 8.51 NOx 5 25 13.63

9.4.9 Terrestrial Ecology The study area is an intensively cultivated agricultural area and natural vegetation occurs in scattered patches mostly on vacant plots around agricultural fields and on wasteland. A few common plants were also observed on slopes of drains and along the edge of the roads. Among most common trees found in the area are neem (Azadirachta indica), shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), jamun (Eugenia jambolana), shahtoot (Morus alba), mango (Mangifera indica), and babul (Acacia arabica). Mango and guava orchards are seen scattered over the entire area. Ornamental trees found in gardens and groves are usually those of Kachnar, Gulmohar, Ashok, Amaltas, and Chameli. There are a few patches of man-made forests, which mainly consist of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), Babool (Acacia spp.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica). The major agricultural crops are wheat (Triticum aestivum), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), and millets (Sorghum vulgare). A number of leguminous crops are grown for crop rotation purpose such as moong (Phaseolus mungo), masoor (Lens culnaris), arhar (Cajanus cajan), gram (Cicer arietinum), and pea (Pisum sativum). Cash crops like sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), potato (Solanum tuberosum), cotton (Gossypium herbaceum) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) are also grown in the area. The study area harbours mainly domestic animals. In absence of natural forests in the study area as shown in satellite imaginary and also confirmed by Forest Department, Ambedkar Nagar District, no wild animals are found in the study area. There are no Wildlife Sanctuary or National Park existing within a radius of 25 km. from the Project and no endangered species of flora and fauna has been observed in the study area.

9.4.10 Aquatic Ecology Ghaghra river is the only natural water bodies in the study area, which supports aquatic ecosystem. The aquatic ecology of Ghaghra river was monitored at three locations. The phytoplankton groups observed consists of families Spyrogyra,

Oscillatoria, Bacteriastrum, Nitselia, Navicula and Rhizosolenia while the zooplanktons observed consist of Favella, Didhyes, Bivalve, Gastropod, Copepod, Brachious, Nannocalanus and Centropages. The commercially important fishes reported in the river are Catla catla, Tor mosal, Labeo rohita, Labeo calbasu, Labeo gonius, Labeo bata. etc. There are no commercial fishing grounds and spawning and breeding areas of the fishes in the area.

9.4.11 Noise Two seasonal noise surveys was undertaken in the study area to assess the background noise levels in different zones viz., Residential, Industrial, Commercial and Silence zones. Ten (10) locations spread over an area of 5 kms radius from the project were selected for noise level measurement. The noise level varied between 38.5 and 52.5 dB (A) during daytime and 33.6 to 48.3 dB(A) during night time.

9.5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND MITIGATION MEASURES 9.5.1 Land Use An area of about 715 acres is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II. The land acquisition will have a direct impact on the change in land use pattern of the land, which will be converted to industrial use. Changes in land use due to influx of labours and construction activities, if any, shall be temporary and restricted to construction sites only. However, this will be negligible as the project site is already fully developed. Development activity also induces changes in land use pattern of the adjoining areas because of the increased availability of infrastructural facilities, increase in commercial activities. However, as Stage-I of the project is already existing for about three decades, it is anticipated that these impacts shall be negligible.

9.5.2 Water Use and Hydrology Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II will abstract its entire water requirement (65 cusec) from Main Tanda Pump Canal on Saryu river, which is an irrigation canal. The flow of the canal is regulated by UP Irrigation Department, which has already given commitment for the supply of 65 cusecs of water considering other users in the downstream side. Therefore, it is anticipated that there will be no significant impact on the hydrology and water use of the area.

9.5.3 Demography and Socio Economics About 715 acres of land is proposed to be acquired for Stage-II of the project. A detailed socio-economic survey of the persons affected due to land acquisition for the project shall be conducted. A Rehabilitation Plan shall be drawn in line with the R&R Policies of NTPC and Govt. of India, in consultation with the State Government and Project Affected Persons and the same shall be implemented at site.

9.5.4 Soils The impact of Tanda TPP, Stage-II is envisaged to be negligible, as incremental ground level concentration of SPM due to emissions from the project is predicted 3 to be 2.58 µg/m only and resultant maximum ground level concentration of SO2 is well within the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.

9.5.5 Water Quality Construction activities may have temporary effect on the turbidity and suspended soilds content of receiving water body, i.e. Ghaghra river, especially during monsoons. However, as site development activities and infrastructural development (like roads, storage areas for construction material, drainage etc.) have already been undertaken during Stage-I, and construction activities will be limited to small areas only, such impacts due to Stage-II, will be minimal. While developing the water system for the project, utmost care has been taken to maximise the recycle/ reuse of effluents and minimize effluent quantity. Tn TPP, Stage-II would have a recirculatory cooling system with cooling towers and entire cooling tower blow down shall be used for ash handling, service water, coal dust suppression and fire fighting. Therefore, no thermal impact on the receiving water body is anticipated. The effluents from main plant (Boiler Blowdown and Ash Water Blow Down) shall be treated and routed through a Central Monitoring Basin, where further equalisation will take place. Sanitary effluents from main plant and township will be treated in a sewage treatment plant. All the effluents emanating from the project shall conform to the standards laid down by MOEF and UPPCB. Therefore, there will be no significant impact on the water quality of Ghaghra river. For disposal of unused ash, wet disposal system with ash water recirculation has been envisaged. NTPC has conducted several geo-hydrological studies of the ash disposal areas at its projects (Singrauli, Rihand, Vindhyachal, Korba, Farakka and Talcher) through reputed institutions like Indian Institutes of Technology, Roorkee and Mumbai, Centre for Studies on Man and Environment, Calcutta. All these studies conclude that the leaching of heavy metals from ash occurs only under pH 4 or below. In practice, the pH of the ash water is either neutral or alkaline (7 or above) and hence the leaching of heavy metals is highly unlikely.

9.5.6 Air Quality Particulate matter and NOx (due to excavations, handling and transport of earth and construction materials, movement of construction equipment and traffic etc.) will be the main pollutant during the construction phase. However, the impact is likely to be for short duration and limited to the construction site only. Prediction of short term impacts on air quality due to stack emissions has been carried out using Industrial Source Complex [ISC3] 1993 simulation model, developed by United States Environmental Protection Agency [USEPA]. The model simulations deal with three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) and Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) emitted from the stack.

Table 9.5.1 : Resultant Maximum Ground Level Concentration after Implementation of Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Maximum AAQ Maximum Incremental Resultant Pollutant Concentration recorded Concentration due to Concentration during study with Stage-I in Stage-II (µg/m3) Operation (µg/m3). (µg/m3) SPM 178 2.58 180.58

SO2 14 44.78 58.78 NOx 25 19.16 44.16

Various measures proposed to be adopted to minimise the pollution from Tanda TPP, Stage-II are as follows: 1. High efficiency ESPs to limit SPM emission to below 100 mg/Nm3. 2. A tall stack of 275 m height for wider dispersal of pollutants, resulting in lower ground level concentrations. 3. Space provision for retrofitting Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) system, if required in future. 4. Installation of dust suppression and extraction system at coal handling plant area to control fugitive dust. 5. Plantation and afforestation in the available spaces. 6. Water spraying at all dust generation areas viz., the coal and ash handling areas. 7. Water cover over the entire ash pond area.

9.5.7 Terrestrial Ecology As only 715 acres of additional land is proposed to be acquired for Tanda TPP, Stage-II, which is agricultural in nature, the direct impacts on ecology of the study area (e.g. loss of flora and fauna) is likely to be insignificant. As the study area is devoid of natural forests, the overall impacts on terrestrial ecosystem will be negligible. Further, as site and infrastructural facilities are already developed, constructional activities will be confined to project site for Stage-II and the impact would be marginal in scale. Deposition of fugitive dust on pubescent leaves of nearby vegetation may lead to temporary reduction of photosynthesis. Such impacts would, however, be confined mostly to the initial periods of the construction phase and would be minimised through water sprinkling. Deposition of fly ash may interrupt gaseous exchange through leaves, thereby affecting plant growth However, the impact of Stage-II is envisaged to be MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Report for Tanda Thermal Power Project, Rev. No.: 0 Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Stage-II (2x660 MW) Page No.: 9-9

negligible, as incremental ground level concentration of SPM due to emissions from Stage-II is predicted to be 2.58 µg/m3 only. The predicted maximum incremental ground level concentration of SO2 (due to operation of Stage-II) is 3 44.78 µg/m resulting into resultant maximum ground level concentration of SO2 as 58.78 µg/m3. This is well within the Indian Standards for Ambient Air Quality. Since most of the tree species occurring in the area are deciduous, they have high Air Pollution Tolerance Index (APTI), and therefore impact of SO2 will not be significant.

9.5.8 Aquatic Ecology Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II will draw water from Tanda Main Canal, which is an artificial water body and does not support any aquatic resource of importance. The water system of the project has been designed with maximum recycle/ reuse of water, and a very small quantity shall be drawn as a make-up to the system. Therefore, there is no likelihood of entrapment or impingement of phytoplankton/ zooplankton in the water intake system. Further, as the project will have a close cycle cooling system with cooling towers and clarified water as make-up to the cooling system, there will be no thermal impact on aquatic ecosystem due to operation of the project. A small quantity of treated effluents conforming to the regulatory standards shall only be discharged into natural water course, leading to Ghaghra River. It has been concluded that there will be no significant impact on the water quality due to discharge of effluents. It may, therefore, be concluded that there would be no impact on aquatic life of the river.

9.5.9 Noise The major sources of noise during the construction phase are vehicular traffic and construction equipment, which generate noise ranging between 75-90 dB(A). The predicted noise level due to operation of such equipment at a distance of 1 km from the source is 37.4 dB(A). The ambient noise level recorded during field studied in the near by area located at a distance of 1 km from the main plant ranges between 39.5–52.5 dB(A). As the ambient noise levels are higher than the predicted noise levels, due to masking effect, no increase in the ambient noise levels during construction phase is envisaged Thus, there would not be any adverse impact due to construction and operation of the plant on the residents in the nearby villages. However, workers within the construction area and plant area, may be affected due to high noise levels. Adequate protective measures in the form of ear-muffs / ear plugs/ masks shall be provided to such persons, which will minimise / eliminate such adverse impacts. In addition, reduction in noise levels shall also be achieved through built-in design requirements to produce minimum noise, proper lay out design, adding the sound barriers, use of enclosures with suitable absorption material etc.. Provision of green belt and afforestation will further help in reducing the noise levels.

9.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN Lay out plan of Tanda TPP, Stage-I was designed by UPSEB. Main Plant and Township for Tanda TPP, Stage-II are proposed to be located within the premises of existing plant boundary for Tanda TPP, Stage-I. Therefore, there is no space available for separate raising of Green Belts for Stage-I and II. Mass scale afforestation and plantation activities have already been implemented under Stage-I of the project and the same is planned in balance available spaces under Stage-II. In order to compensate for non-availability of area for plantation, the plantation activities are also being undertaken in the surrounding villages, with the help of State Forest Department. So far (from 2000 to 2008), more than 1,80,000 trees have been planted.

9.7 ASH UTILISATION AND ASH DISPOSAL NTPC shall take all possible actions to utilize the ash, such as facilities for 100% extraction of dry fly ash, segregation of coarse and fine ash and fly ash storage and loading facilities; providing infrastructural facilities to the entrepreneurs; encourage utilization of ash based products in NTPC’s own construction activities. The un-utilised fly ash, if any, and bottom ash shall be disposed off in the a well designed ash dyke using wet slurry disposal system. The ash disposal system will have facilities for ash water recirculation. At the end, it is proposed to cover entire ash disposal area by plantation.

9.8 ENVIROMENTAL MONITORING PLAN An environmental monitoring programme is already under implementation at Tanda TPP, Stage-I and the data is being regularly submitted to UP Pollution Control Board. The existing monitoring plan shall be strengthened to include the new units of Stage-II. An environmental monitoring programme has been developed for Stage-II with the objectives of assessing the changes in environmental conditions, if any, during operation of the project; monitoring the effective implementation of mitigatory measures envisaged and warning of any significant deterioration in environmental quality so that additional mitigatory measures may be planned in advance. The data generated shall be submitted to UP Pollution Control Board/ Ministry of Environment and Forests regularly.

9.9 DISASTER MANAGENMENT PLAN The EIA Report includes a Disaster Management Plan covering elements of emergency planning like organization, communication, coordination, procedure, accident reporting, safety review checklist, on-site emergency plan and off-site emergency plan. A Disaster Management Plan (DMP) for Stage-I has already been prepared and implemented at Tanda TPP for the existing units, specifying responsibilities at various levels to be discharged in case of an emergency. The DMP at site shall be strengthened suitably to include Stage-II units, based on recommendation of DMP included in EIA Report.

9.10 PROJECT BENEFITS The present proposed project would meet the power shortage of Uttar Pardesh and other willing States/ UTs of Northern Region, which is vital for economic growth as well as improving the quality of life. The improved power supply will reduce the dependence of general public and commercial establishments on DG Sets thereby reducing the noise pollution as well as air pollution at local levels In addition, construction and operation of the project would benefit local people with respect to the following:- • Increase in employment opportunity in skilled, semi-skilled and un-skilled categories. • Increase in employment/ self employment avenues in service sector. • Availability of large quantities of ash for the cement and construction industries, helping in conservation of land resources.

9.11 ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN An Environment Management Plan for construction and operation phases of Tanda STPP, Stage-II has been prepared. An Environment Management Group (EMG) already exists at Tanda TPP, which will be strengthened for implementation of proposed mitigation measures for Stage-II. Environmental Management Group shall act as coordinator for environmental matters. This group shall act as a nodal agency for various groups at project and Env. Management Groups at Northern Region Headquarters and Corporate Center of NTPC level as well as outside agencies like UP Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment and Forests. A provision of Rs. 695.3 Crores has been kept in Feasibility Report towards implementation of environment protection measures for the proposed project.

9.12 CONCLUSIONS Based on the above, it is concluded that the adverse environmental impacts due to construction and operation of Tanda TPP, Stage-II can be mitigated to an acceptable level by implementation of various mitigatory measures envisaged. The benefits of the project are much more significant than its environmental impacts.

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 9.0 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION Doc. No.: 9562/999/GEG/S/001 Draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report for Tanda Thermal Power Rev. No.: 0 Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW) Rev. Date: 15.06.2009 Page No.: 10-1

10. DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

M/S Mantec consultants Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi were engaged as consultants for carrying out Environmental Impact Assessment Study. Brief resume of the manpower engaged for EIA Study is given in Table 10.1.1.

Name of the Firm Mantec Consultants Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi Status Incorporated in Delhi on 29.07.1979 under Companies Act, 1956 Addresses 805, Vishal Bhavan 95, Nehru Place, New Delhi-110019 In-Charge of Env. Shri Sanjeev Sharma, General Manager Division Name of Consultancy Field Monitoring, Secondary Data Collection Impact Service Rendered Assessment and Preparation of EIA documents Total Period of 16 months form 03-01-2008 Consultancy Contract

Table 10.1.1: Manpower Engaged for the EIA Study

Sl. No Name Designation Area of Expertise

1 Mr. Sanjeev Sharma General Manager Air Quality & EIA 2 Dr. K. L. Saxena Executive Director/ HOD Water Quality studies Laboratory 3 Mr. S. B. Sinha Sr. Env. Consultant Soil Quality studies 4 Mr. Mohit Bhawsar Environmental engineer. Noise Quality

5 Mr.Neeraj Bhargava Chemical & RA/DMP expert Environmental Engineer

6 Dr. Alok Singh Env.Consultant Aquatic Ecology 7 Mr. Manohar Kumar Environmental Scientist Terrestrial Ecology

8 Miss Rupa Roshan Environmental Scientist Environment Management Plan studies 9 Mr. Prabhash Mishra Consultant Socio-economic studies

MANTEC CONSULTANTS (P) LTD., NEW DELHI 10.0 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS

UP Pollution Control Board PICUP Bhawan “B” Block, IIIrd Floor, Vibhuti Khand Gomti Nagar, Lucknow

Application for No Objection Certificate

Note

1. All enclosures, appendices, projects, plans and schemes to be submitted in triplicate. 2. Incomplete application will be rejected. 3. No work pertaining to site development or construction of industry be undertaken without NOC. Doing so would be the sole responsibility of the applicant and against public interest.

Application

To, Member Secretary, UP Pollution Control Board, Lucknow.

I/We submit an application for “No Objection Certificate” from the pollution and environmental angle to the UP Pollution Control Board for the proposed industry (named) Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II owned by NTPC Limited, New Delhi and proposing to manufacture Electricity (1,320 MW) (Products) per day after consuming coal 22,000 Tons per day as raw material. The proposed unit shall be within existing premises of Tanda Thermal Power Project near Bahadurpur village in Ambedkar Nagar (U.P.).

1. I/ We declare that all the enclosures, appendices and schemes submitted by us is true to the best of my/our knowledge and the project will be implemented as per the proposal. 2. I/ We hereby guarantee that quality of final discharge of effluent and emissions will be within the prescribed standards of the Board. The trial production will be started only after implementing and operating the pollution control devices as proposed herein. 3. I/ We shall start the site development work from (date) 2009-10 and the industrial plant is proposed to be commissioned on (date) 2011-12. 4. I/ We undertake that adequate disposal facilities will be provided up to final disposal point for the discharge of treated effluent into Saryu River. 5. I/we undertake that I/we will apply for seeking consent under Section 25/26 of Water Act and consent under Section 21 of Air Act at least two months before start of trial and comply with the Water (Cess) Act, 1977. I/We declare that the provisions of these acts have been known to me/us. 6. I/we accept that the application is for the proposal submitted and if the site is not approved, then the final decision of Board will be accepted. 7. I/we undertake that legal provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 will be complied.

Applicant Name and Designation Name of the Industry Date:

Enclosures: 1. Annexure to NOC Application 2. Site plan and the details of forest, human settlement, road railway etc. within the radius of 2.0 km. 3. Plant layout plan showing stack, drains, green belt, solid waste disposal space, and details of pollution control space etc. 4. Water/ Air pollution control scheme with time bound programme. 5. Registration of industries department, UP Govt./ Govt. of India. 6. Details of manufacturing process and flow sheet. 7. Industrial Project Report.

Annexure to NOC Application Form

1. Name/ and Address, Name and Address: Category and Type of Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II Industry PO - Vidyut Nagar, District – Ambedkar Nagar (UP) PIN – 224 238 Type of Industry: Thermal Power Project of Capacity 1,320 MW 2. General 2.1 Name and Address of the General Manager Applicant Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II PO - Vidyut Nagar, District – Ambedkar Nagar (UP) PIN – 224 238 2.2 Proposed Location (Attach The project is located at latitude of location map showing detail 26o35’30” North and longitude of 82o35’40” of point 2.3) East in Ambedkar Nagar district of UP. The site is located on the right bank of Main Tanda Canal near village Bahadurpur. Location map is enclosed at Annexure-I. 2.3 Details of directions and ♦ Sanctuary - Nil distances of nearest ♦ Reserve Forest – Nil sanctuary, highway, railway ♦ Protected Forests – Nil line, human settlements, ♦ Religious Place - Nil river, drain, reserve forests, ♦ River – Yes, Saryu River. religious places etc. from ♦ Highway - Nil the site (in a 5 km distance) ♦ Railway Line – Nil. However, Railway Siding of Tanda TPP exist within 5 km. ♦ Drain – Yes, Natural Drains leading to Saryu River. ♦ Human Settlements - Villages exist around the project within 5 km. Nearest town Akbarpur is situated at about 20 km. 2.4 Present use of land (enclose For proposed expansion (Stage-II), certificate) about 715 acres of additional land (175 acres for main plant and 540 acres for ash disposal) is proposed to be acquired, which is partly govt. land and partly private agricultural land. 2.5 Details of letter of intent Not Required. 2.6 Brief process description Enclosed at Annexure-II. with flow chart 2.7 List of Main Products with Electricity: (1,320 MW capacity) daily designed capacity Daily Production: 31.68 million units (MU) at 100% PLF/ 28.51 MU at 90% PLF 2.8 List of By-products with Ash 8,000 Tons per day at 100% PLF (with daily designed capacity average ash content 36%) 2.9 List of basic raw material Coal 22,000 Tons per day at 100% PLF with daily consumption 2.10 List of other industrial units ♦ NTPC Limited, a Govt. of India operated by applicant or its Enterprise is operating 21 power projects partners all over India including thermal, super thermal and combined cycle power projects. ♦ In UP, the other projects of NTPC are located in Sonebhadra (Singrauli STPP and Rihand STPP), Rae Bareli (Feroz Gandhi Unchahar Thermal Power Project), Auraiya (Auraiya Gas Power Project), Ambedkar Nagar (Tanda Thermal Power Station) and Gautam Buddha Nagar (National Capital Thermal Power Project and Dadri Gas Power Project). ♦ At the proposed site, Tanda TPP Stage-I (4x110 MW) is already under operation. 2.11 Capital Cost of the Project Rs. 7,742.96 Crores (as on Ist Quarter of 2008) 2.12 Expected date of 2011-12 commissioning of plant 3. Water Pollution 3.1 Source of Supply of Water Tanda Pump Canal of Saryu River. 3.2 Daily Consumption of Industrial Process: 3 Water in m3/day Industrial Cooling (Make-up): 88,920 m /day Boiler (Make-up): 3,120 m3/day Floor & Equipment Washing: 4,920 m3/day Coal Dust Suppression (Make-up): 4,800 m3/day AC and Ventilation: 3,240 m3/day Ash Handling (Make-up): 10,800 m3/day Domestic Requirement: 1,680 m3/day For details, please refer Annexure-III. 3.3 Total Quantity of Liquid Industrial Process: Effluents Discharged per Industrial Cooling (Blowdown): Nil day in m3/day Clarifier Sludge/ Filter Backwash: Nil DM Plant Regeneration Waste: Nil Boiler (Blowdown): 1,080 m3/day Floor and Equipment Washing: Nil Coal Dust Suppression: Nil Ash Water Blowdwon: 8,400 m3/day Domestic Effluent: 1,680 m3/day For details, please refer Annexure-III. 3.4 Are there any expected Yes pollutants 3.5 Type of Pollutants Liquid, Solid and Gas 3.6 Indicate available The effluent characteristics of Stage-I units is information on effluent enclosed at Annexure-IV. Effluents of Stage- characteristics II will be similar to the effluents of Stage-I. 3.7 Is the effluent to be Yes. The details of treatment scheme is generated within enclosed at Annexure-III. specifications 3.8 Proposed time bound The water pollution control measures area a programme for Water part of main plant package and shall be Pollution Control System implemented along with the commissioning of the main plant. 3.9 Mode of Final Discharge Open Drain leading to Saryu River. 3.10 Point of Final Discharge Saryu River 3.11 Is industrial effluent No. Both industrial effluent and domestic allowed to mix with effluents shall be treated separately. domestic effluent. If no, However, both will be discharged in Natural specify disposal of Drain leading to Saryu River. domestic effluent. 4. Air Pollution 4.1 Type and Quantity of Fuel Coal – 22,000 Tons per day at 100% PLF Consumed per day in manufacturing or subsidiary process 4.2 Details of emissions from Expected Analysis (Stage-II): fuel combustion ♦ Suspended Particulate: 71.1 g/sec/unit ♦ Sulphur Dioxide: 1236 g/sec/unit ♦ Nitrogen Oxide: 529 g/sec/unit 4.3 Expected process Process Emissions: SPM, SO2 and NOx emissions, sources and Sources: Coal Combustion quantity Quantity: As given in 4.2 above 4.4 Proposed air pollution ♦ Suspended Particulate: High efficiency control system for flue gas electrostatic precipitators to limit SPM and process emissions emissions to 100 mg/Nm3 ♦ Sulphur Dioxide: 275 m high stack and space provision for FGD, if required in future ♦ Nitrogen Oxide: 275 high stack and combustion control 4.5 Capacity of proposed Not applicable diesel generating set in KVA 4.6 Height of all sources of 275 m above ground level emission 5. Solid Waste 5.1 Total Quantity per day Fly Ash: 6,400 Tons/day Bottom Ash: 1,600 Tons/day 5.2 Nature of Waste Solid 5.3 Approximate Composition Enclosed at Annexure-V. 5.4 Hazardous No 5.5 Mode of Disposal Ash utilisation and disposal of unutilised ash in Ash Ponds.

6 Details of Use and Storage Enclosed at Annexure-VI. of Hazardous Materials 6.1 Plan for safety and Disaster A disaster management plan has been Management prepared for Tanda TPP, Stage-I, which shall be further revised to include Stage-II units.

Date:...... Name of Applicant:...... Address:...... List of Information Submitted

1. Application in the prescribed format Enclosed 2. Location map (S. No. 2.2 & 2.3 of Please refer Annexure-I Application) 3. Land Use/ Land Ownership Certificate Land for Stage-II has not been acquired (S. No. 2.4 of Application) yet. 4. Registration Certificate (S. No. 2.5 of NTPC is already operating Tanda TPP, Application) Stage-I at the proposed site. 5. Power Generation Process (S. No. 2.6 of Please refer Annexure-II Application) 6. Compliance Report for Existing Units (S. NOC for Stage-I is not available with No. 2.10 of Application) NTPC. 7. Lay-out Plan (Annexure-3 to the Please refer Exhibit 2.8.1 of EIA Report Application) and Exhibit No. 2 of Feasibility Report. 8. Proposed Water Pollution Control Please refer Annexure-III. Arrangements (S. No. 3.5, 3.11 of Application) 9. Final Point of Disposal for Effluents (S. Saryu river through natural drains No. 3.10 of Application) 10. Proposed Air Pollution Control Please refer Annexure-VII Arrangements (S. No. 4.1, 4.6 of Application) 11. Safety and On-site Disaster Management Please refer Chapter 6 (Section 6.3) of Plan (S. No. 6.0, 6.1 of Application) EIA Report. 12. Details of Protected Forests, Sanctuary, No Sanctuary or National Park exists National Parks etc. within 15 km. radius within 15 km. radius from the project. from the project 13. Env. Impact Assessment Report Enclosed. 14. Total Area of the Industry and Details of Area Acquired by UPSEB Under Various Activities within the Industry, Tanda TPP, Stage-I: such as Main Plant, Treatment Plant, Main Plant Area: 327.65 Acres Township, Vacant Land, Green Belt etc. Ash Pond: 519.28 Acres Township: 203.61 Acres CISF Colony & Rly. Siding: 91.01 Ac Total: 1141.55 Acres

Area Proposed to be Acquired by NTPC for Tanda TPP, Stage-II: Main Plant Area: 175 Acres Ash Pond: 540 Acres Township: Nil CISF Colony and Rly. Siding: Nil Total: 1141.55 Acres

15. Details of Population Likely to be A detailed socio-economic survey of the Displaced and R&R Plan for the same population likely to be affected shall be undertaken and R&R Plan shall be drawn for the project affected persons in consultation with UP State Govt.

ANNEXURE - I Vicinity Map of Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW)

Vicinity Map of Tanda Thermal Power Project, Stage-II (2x660 MW)

ANNEXURE - II Thermal Power Generation Process In a thermal power plant, the chemical energy of the fuel (coal) is first converted into thermal energy (during combustion), which is then converted into mechanical energy (through a turbine) and finally into electrical energy (through a generator). The schematic diagram of the process of power generation a coal based thermal power plant is shown in Exhibit 2.1.1. It has the following steps. (1) The coal is transferred from the coal handling plant by conveyor belt to the coal bunkers, from where it is fed to the pulverizing mills, which grind it to fine powder. The finely powdered coal, mixed with air is then blown into the boiler by a fan where it burns like a gas. (2) The process of combustion releases thermal energy from coal. The boiler walls are lined with boiler tubes containing high quality demineralized water (known as boiler feed water). The combustion heat is absorbed by the boiler tubes and the heat converts the boiler feed water into steam at high pressure and temperature. The steam, discharged through nozzles on the turbine blades, makes the turbine to rotate, which in turn rotates the generator coupled to the end of the turbine. Rotation of generator produces electricity, which is passed to the step-up transformer to increase its voltage so that it can be transmitted efficiently. The power is evacuated via switchyard through a Transmission System. (3) During combustion, the non-combustible part of coal is converted into ash. A small part of ash (about 20%) binds together to form lumps, which fall into the ash pits at the bottom of the furnace. This part of ash, known as bottom ash is water quenched, ground and then conveyed to pits for subsequent disposal to ash disposal area or sale. (4) Major part of the ash (about 80%) is in fine powder form, known as Fly Ash, and is carried out of the boiler along with the flue gas. The flue gas, after heat recovery, is passed through the electrostatic precipitators, where the ash is trapped by electrodes charged with high voltage electricity. (5) The flue gases exiting from the Electrostatic Precipitators (ESPs) are discharged through a tall chimney for wider dispersal of remaining ash particles and gases. The ash collected in the ESP hoppers is extracted in dry form and conveyed to dry ash storage silos from where it is supplied to user industries. (6) Unused part of fly ash is mixed with water and conveyed to ash pond area for disposal. Ash can also be lifted from ash pond for utilization. (7) The steam, after passing through the turbines, is condensed back into water in condensers and the same is re-used as a boiler feed water for making steam. The reasons for condensing and reusing the steam are following: - • The cost of boiler feed water is very high as it is very pure demineralised water hence reuse is economical. • The use of condenser lowers the temperature at the exit end and hence increases the efficiency of the turbine. (8) The condenser contains tubes through which cold water is constantly pumped. The steam passing around the tubes of condenser looses heat and condenses as water. During this process, the steam gets cooled while cooling water gets heated up (by about 10oC). This hot water is cooled in a cooling tower and recycled for cooling. However, in order to control dissolved solids, a certain amount of blowdown is required from the cooling towers, which is used in the plant for other usages such as service water, coal dust suppression etc.

Stack Emissions 1. Coal Handling 2. Pulverising Mills Plant Boiler Feed Water 8. Electrostatic 9. Chimney Precipitators

3. Boiler Bottom Fly Condensate Ash Ash Steam 10. Dry Ash Storage 13. Cooling 12. Cooling Silos Tower System Steam 4. Turbine Ash Utilisation 11. Ash Pond Area 5. Generator Cooling Tower Blow down Boiler Blow down

6. Transformer

7. Transmission Towers ANNEXURE - III

Water Requirement for Tanda TPP, Stage-II Parameter Water Requirement (m3/day) Makeup for cooling system 88,920 m3/day Makeup water for boilers 3,120 m3/day AC and ventilation 3,240 m3/day Make up for Floor and Equipment 4,920 m3/day Washing (Service Water*) Make up for Coal Handling Plant* 4,800 m3/day Ash water makeup* 10,800 m3/day Potable supply 1,680 m3/day

Note: * - Requirements for Service Water and Coal Handling Plant shall be drawn from Cooling Tower Blowdown

Waste Water Generation, Treatment and Disposal in Tanda TPP, Stage-II Waste Water Quantity Treatment/Recycle/Reuse Quantity & Point Stream (m3/hr.) Envisaged of Discharge CT Blowdown 855 Entire blowdown shall be used Nil in Service Water, Coal Dust Suppression, Ash Handling & Fire Protection System Clarifier Sludge & 230 Discharged in ash disposal area Nil Tube Settler along with the ash slurry Sludge Filter Backwash 5 Recycle to Clarifier Inlet Nil Boiler blowdown 45 Discharge through Central 45 m3/hr to natural Monitoring Basin drains Service Water 205 Treatment in Tube Settlers and Nil Effluent Recycle of Water Coal Handling 200 Treatment in Settling Ponds and Nil Plant Effluent Recycle of Water Sanitary Waste 70 Treatment in existing Sewage 50 m3/hr to natural Treatment Plant drains

ANNEXURE - IV

Treated Effluent Characteristics of Tanda TPP, Stage-I (Effluents from Stage-II shall have similar characteristics) Treated Main Plant Ash Pond Treated Sewage Effluent Effluent S.No. Parameters Unit Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. 1 pH 7.26 7.7 6.28 7.5 7.3 7.9 2 Temperature oC 20 30 21 25 20 29 3 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 3.2 4.8 2.3 4.7 3.0 4.4 4 Conductivity μS/cm 604 640 1310 1456 610 652 5 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 30 39 30 42 22 34 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l 390 430 810 842 390 428

7 Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l 202 220 310 340 205 216

8 Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l 170 198 352 387 175 200

9 Calcium as CaCO3 mg/l 125 133 204 218 101 122

10 Magnesium as CaCO3 mg/l 40 66 138 172 72 98 11 Sodium mg/l 30 44 82 97 33 43 12 Potassium mg/l 6 10 21 28 4 4 13 Chloride mg/l 34 42 204 216 22 36 14 Phosphate mg/l 0.01 0.01 0.68 0.9 0.04 0.08 15 Sulphate mg/l 29 36 121 140 40 50 16 Nitrate mg/l 0.15 0.24 0.55 0.72 1.2 1.46 17 Oil & Grease mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 18 Phenolic Compounds mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 19 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 7 11 10 18 <4 <4 20 Biological Oxygen Demand mg/l <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 <2 21 Arsenic mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 22 Mercury mg/l <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 23 Lead mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 24 Cadmium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 25 Hexavalent chromium mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 26 Copper mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 27 Zinc mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 28 Selenium (as Se), (mg/l) mg/l <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 <0.005 29 Iron (mg/l) mg/l <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 30 Total Coliform MPN/100 ml 810 874 5200 5540 410 510

ANNEXURE - V

Anticipated Composition of Fly Ash Produced at Tanda TPP, Stage-II

Chemical Properties Silica 62.3-68.8 Al2O3 18.3-23.8 Fe2O3 <1 CaO <1 MgO <1 TiO2 1.27-1.57 Na2O <1 K2O 1.01-1.33 ANNEXURE - VI Details of Use and Storage of Hazardous Materials (Tanda TPP, Stage-II) S. Materials Type of No. of Maximum No. Container Containers Storage Capacity Hazardous Chemicals 1. Hydrochloric Acid (30% Rubber Lined Concentration) 2. Caustic Soda (48% M. S. Tank To be decided during detailed Concentration) design. 3. Liquid Ammonia (22-25%) HDPE Drums 4. Liquid Chlorine Chlorine Tonner Flammable/ Combustible Material 1. Coal Open Yard 2. Petrol Tank 3. Diesel Tank To be decided during detailed 4. Heavy Fuel Oil/ High Speed Tank design. Diesel 5. Light Diesel Oil Tank 6. Lubricants M. S. Drums

The above storage facilities shall be augmented during Stage-III. However, exact quantities of the above materials shall be decided during detailed design stage.

ANNEXURE - VII

Air Pollution Control Measures

Various measures proposed to be adopted to minimise the air pollution from Tanda TPP, Stage-II are as follows: • High efficiency ESPs to limit SPM emission to below 100 mg/Nm3. • 275 m high stack for wider dispersal of pollutants, resulting in lower ground level concentrations. • Space provision for retrofitting Flue Gas Desulphurisation (FGD) system, if required in future. • Installation of dust suppression and extraction system at coal handling plant area to control fugitive dust. • Green belt development and plantation in all available spaces within the project. • Water spraying at all dust generation areas viz., the coal and ash handling areas.