Project Description Statement for Proposed Breakwaters, Rubble Groins and Beach Replenishment Marsalforn, as per ERA requirements for Planning Permit TRK 246755 Technical Report AIS REF. NO: PRJ-ENV416 CLIENT REF. NO: TRK 246755 SECOND VERSION Publication Date 22 December 2020

PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

DOCUMENT REVISION HISTORY

Date Revision Comments Authors/Contributors

30/10/2020 1.0 First Version AIS Environment Siân Pledger 22/12/2020 2.0 Second Version – Revisions to proposed Scheme AIS Environment Siân Pledger

AMENDMENT RECORD

Approval Level Name Signature

Internal Check Sacha Dunlop

Internal Approval Mario Schembri

Page | i PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

DISCLAIMER

This report has been prepared by AIS Environment Limited with all reasonable skill, care and diligence, and taking account of the manpower and resources devoted to it by agreement with the client. Information reported herein is based on the interpretation of data collected and has been accepted in good faith as being accurate and valid. This report is for the exclusive use of the Ministry for Gozo; no warranties or guarantees are expressed or should be inferred by any third parties. This report may not be relied upon by other parties without written consent from AIS Environment Limited. AIS Environment Limited disclaims any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the agreed scope of the work.

Page | ii PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Table of Contents

1 Introduction ...... 1

2 Details of Person/s Wishing to Carry out Development ...... 2

3 Description of the Project and its General Objectives ...... 3 3.1 Marsalforn...... 3 3.2 Scheme Site and Immediate Surroundings ...... 3 3.2.1 Proposed Development ...... 4 3.3 Project Justification ...... 5 3.3.1 Relevant Policy ...... 6

4 Indication of the Proposed Timing of the Project and Why its Timing is Preferred .. 15

5 The Location of the Scheme with Site Boundaries Shown ...... 16

6 Alternative Uses, Technologies and Locations for the Scheme ...... 19 6.1 Location ...... 19 6.2 Construction Methodologies ...... 23 6.3 Alternative Technology ...... 23

7 Physical Characteristics ...... 27 7.1 Size, scale and design ...... 27 7.1.1 Breakwaters ...... 27 7.1.2 Groins and Beach Replenishment ...... 28 7.1.3 Beach Replenishment ...... 28 7.2 Phasing ...... 32 7.2.1 Number of Employees ...... 32

8 Land Uses & Environmental Characteristics ...... 34 8.1 Land Uses ...... 34 8.2 Geology, Geomorphology, Soil and Hydrology ...... 44 8.2.1 Geology, Geomorphology and Soil ...... 44 8.2.2 Hydrology ...... 47 8.3 Cultural Heritage ...... 51 8.4 Ecology ...... 51

9 Services Available on Site ...... 53 9.1 Energy and Water ...... 53 9.2 Sewage ...... 53

Page | iii PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

9.3 Surface Water Run-Off and Storm Water Drainage ...... 53

10 Nature and Quantities of Raw Material, Energy, Waste and Machinery Used ...... 54 10.1 Raw Materials ...... 54 10.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 54 10.1.2 Operational Phase ...... 54 10.2 Energy ...... 54 10.2.1 Construction Phase ...... 54 10.2.2 Operational Phase ...... 54 10.3 Machinery ...... 54 10.3.1 Construction Phase ...... 54 10.3.2 Operational Phase ...... 55 10.4 Waste ...... 55 10.4.1 Construction Phase ...... 55 10.4.2 Operational Phase ...... 55

11 Access and Parking Requirements ...... 56 11.1 Access ...... 56 11.1.1 Construction Phase ...... 56 11.1.2 Operational Phase ...... 56 11.2 Parking ...... 56 11.2.1 Construction Phase ...... 56 11.2.2 Operational Phase ...... 57

12 Major Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 58

Page | iv PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Table of Figures

Figure 1: The remains of an old breakwater located on the western side of the Marsalforn Bay (22nd September) ...... 4

Figure 2: Jetty extending out from the eastern side of Marsalforn Bay (22nd September 2020) 4

Figure 3: Overall development strategy for Gozo and Comino (Source: GCLP, 2006) ...... 9

Figure 4: Development zone demarcation (Source: GCLP, 2006) ...... 10

Figure 5: Coastal areas (Source: GCLP, 2006) ...... 11

Figure 6: Marsalforn policy map (Source: GCLP, 2006) ...... 12

Figure 7: Building height restrictions (Source: GCLP, 2006) ...... 13

Figure 8: Areas of High Landscape Sensitivity (Source: GCLP, 2006) ...... 14

Figure 9: Location of Marsalforn Bay within the Maltese Islands (Source: Google Earth) .. 16

Figure 10: Location of the proposed Scheme within Marsalforn Bay (Source: Google Earth) 16

Figure 12: Location of the Scheme site ...... 18

Figure 13: Option 1 for the location of the breakwaters ...... 20

Figure 14: Option 2 (proposed option) for the location of the breakwaters ...... 21

Figure 15: Option 3 for the location of the breakwaters ...... 22

Figure 16: Option 1 for the breakwater structure (rubble mound) ...... 24

Figure 17: Option 2 for the breakwater structure (rouble mound with blockwork) ...... 25

Figure 18: Option 3 for the breakwater structure (composite) ...... 26

Figure 19: Site plan of the proposed Scheme ...... 29

Figure 20: Cross sections of the proposed breakwaters ...... 30

Figure 20: Cross section of the proposed groins ...... 31

Figure 21: Indicative phasing of the construction phase of the Scheme, including the permitting stage ...... 33

Page | v PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 22: Coastal cliffs and pocket beach, underneath Triq Għar Qawqla (22nd September 2020) 35

Figure 23: Promenade along Triq Għar Qawqla (22nd September 2020) ...... 36

Figure 24: Small harbour, located next to Triq il-Menqa (22nd September 2020) ...... 36

Figure 25: Harbour protected by a coastal defence wall (22nd September 2020) ...... 37

Figure 26: Restaurant with overlaying residential accommodation, Triq Għar Qawqla (22nd September 2020) ...... 37

Figure 27: Apartment blocks looking out to sea, Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) 38

Figure 28: Facades of different styled apartment blocks, Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) 38

Figure 29: Empty plots, Triq is-Salini (22nd September 2020) ...... 39

Figure 30: Section of promenade along Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) ...... 39

Figure 31: Low lying shore platform, below Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) ..... 40

Figure 32: Informal carpark on the concreted section of the shore, below Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) ...... 40

Figure 33: Concrete area being used as an outdoor eating area, below Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) ...... 41

Figure 34: Carpark located at the top of Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) ...... 41

Figure 35: Public garden at the top of Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020) ...... 42

Figure 36: Marsalforn Bay (22nd September 2020) ...... 42

Figure 37: Land use map within a 100m buffer zone ...... 43

Figure 38: Geology map for the area surrounding the proposed development ...... 45

Figure 39: Map for the soil types of the area surrounding the proposed development ..... 46

Figure 40: Preliminary identification of bodies of groundwater within the Maltese Water Catchment District (Source: Resources Authority) ...... 47

Figure 41: Level and depth of Maltese coastal water bodies (Source: 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan) ...... 48

Figure 42: Ecological status of Maltese coastal water bodies (Source: 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan) ...... 49

Page | vi PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 43: Chemical status of Maltese coastal water bodies (Source: 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan) ...... 50

Figure 44: Żona fil-Baħar madwar Għawdex (MT0000112) (Source: Natura 2000 network viewer) ...... 51

Figure 45: Żona fil-Baħar bejn il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitir (Għawdex) u il-Qaliet (MT0000105)52

Figure 46: Material/waste storage area (red) and parking area (green) during the construction phase of the Santa Marija Breakwater ...... 57

Page | vii PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Table of Tables

Table 1: Co-ordinates of the individual components of the proposed Scheme ...... 17

Table 2: Dimensions of the proposed Menqa Breakwater...... 27

Table 3: Dimensions of the proposed Santa Marija Breakwater ...... 28

Table 4: Approximate quantities of raw materials required for the construction phase of the Scheme ...... 54

Table 5: Quantities of machinery required for the construction phase of the Scheme ...... 55

Table 6: Potential impacts and their mitigation measures ...... 58

Page | viii PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

1 Introduction

The Ministry for Gozo, is in the process of filing a full development application (TRK 246755) for the construction of two breakwaters, two rubble groins and beach replenishment in Marsalforn Bay, Gozo. AIS Environment Ltd (AIS) has been commissioned by the Ministry for Gozo (henceforth referred to as the ‘Applicant’) to prepare a Project Description Statement (PDS) to pre-validate the impacts expected from this proposed development (henceforth referred to as the ‘Scheme’).

The PDS is a detailed report requested by ERA to provide the necessary information for screening in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process and is aimed to describe the scheme, the site of the development and its surroundings, and planned activities during the construction and operational phases of the development with an indication of the main environmental impacts expected. Through the PDS, ERA will be able to establish whether the planning application requires an EIA or not.

This PDS has been prepared and structured in accordance with S.L. 549.46 (Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations, 2017).

Page | 1 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

2 Details of Person/s Wishing to Carry out Development

The Scheme has been submitted by Mr John Borg, the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry for Gozo.

Page | 2 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

3 Description of the Project and its General Objectives

3.1 Marsalforn Marsalforn is a town located on the northern coast of Gozo, between the localities of Xagħra and Żebbuġ. It encompasses two natural bays, the larger of which is called Marsalfron Bay whilst the smaller is referred to as Qbajjar bay.

Marsalforn, a renowned fishing village, has a long history dating back to the Roman times. Up until the sixteenth century, the port of Marsalforn served as the main harbour for imports arriving from , particularly for food products which were scarce at the time on the islands. The Knights of St John realised the importance of the port and made several attempts to establish Marsalforn as the capital city of Gozo. However, they were met with strong opposition from the locals and the plans never materialised. Overtime the economic development around Mġarr Harbour flourished, attracting various commercial activities away from the fishing village of Marsalforn.

Nowadays, its natural beaches have caused the locality to transition into one of Gozo’s main holiday destinations. It encompasses a wide range of bars, diving schools, restaurants, hotels and apartments which cater for the local and visitor populations attracted towards the Northern parts of Gozo.

A flat promenade spans along the length of the coastline providing breath-taking views of the natural landscape. Marsalforn Bay also encompasses various boat yards and mooring areas to accommodate a large numbers of boats all year round, including speed boats and local fishing vessels.

3.2 Scheme Site and Immediate Surroundings The Scheme is located within Marsalforn Bay, on the northern coast of Gozo. The remains of an old breakwater protrude from the western edge of the Bay. This breakwater has been severely damaged over the years, in fact nowadays only a small section is visible above the sea surface (Figure 1).

On the eastern section of the same Bay lies a small enclosed harbour which is protected by a short coastal defence wall. A concrete jetty, also located on the eastern side of the Bay, projects out into the sea in a northern direction (Figure 2).

The marine area within the bay is heavily utilised by both tourist vessel operators, private boat owners and fishermen. Relatively large numbers of vessels berth within the bay during the summer months during the peak tourist season when the sea conditions are at their calmest.

The surrounding coastline is typical of a Maltese coastal town, as it encompasses a long promenade which extends along the perimeter of the bay. A wide variety of restaurants, bars and residential apartment blocks face the bay along the edge of the coastline.

Page | 3 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 1: The remains of an old breakwater located on the western side of the Marsalforn Bay (22nd September)

Figure 2: Jetty extending out from the eastern side of Marsalforn Bay (22nd September 2020)

3.2.1 Proposed Development The Scheme proposes the construction of two breakwaters in Marsalforn Bay to protect the area from adverse sea conditions and flooding of the promenade and establishments along the coastline, at Triq il-Port. The proposed Menqa Breakwater will extend from the existing jetty on the eastern side of the bay; whilst the proposed Santa Marija Breakwater will

Page | 4 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

protrude from the western side of the bay, superimposing the old breakwater. The Santa Marija Breakwater will be the larger of the two proposed structures, as it will extend approximately 207m into the bay, as opposed to the Menqa Breakwater which will be around 91m in length.

The Scheme also entails the construction of two rubble mound groins, located either side of the valley mouth, protruding out into the bay. The groins will be approximately 10m wide and 37 long. Once the groins have been constructed, the existing Marsalforn beach, located on the lateral side of each of the groins, will be replenished. The area directly in front of the valley mouth will be kept clear.

For further details of the proposed development refer to Section 7.0.

3.3 Project Justification The proposed Scheme aims to construct a coastal defence system at Marsalforn Bay that protects the bay from severe storms and flooding that have become synonymous with the area during adverse weather conditions. Since the bay is orientated to the north, the town is highly exposed to strong north, northwest and northeast winds, which are rather common and typically very strong in the Maltese islands.

Marsalforn is located at the mouth of a valley. Therefore, the properties along the coastline are subjected to flooding during rain and storm events due to the large volumes of surface run-off passing through the valley and towards the coastline. The flooding effects are worsened by to the surge of waves onto the low-lying shore, exposing all buildings along the coastline. The dangerous sea conditions within the bay also force boat owners to remove their vessels from berthed areas. The small harbour, where the fishing vessels are moored, is subject to the highest intensity adverse sea conditions as the waves crash over the top of the small harbour wall with great force.

In the past, there have been many attempts to construct a coastal defence system in the area. As previously described in Section 3.2, the remains of a derelict breakwater are present at il-Ponta ta’ Santa Marija. This breakwater was originally constructed in the 1960s and provided some protection to the bay. However, over the years the breakwater endured substantial physical damage which lead to the collapse of entire sections of the structure in 2005 and 2009. Without a proper coastal defence system in place, the level of exposure increased exponentially. Various stakeholders have demanded action to be taken in the area for many years to safeguard the existing properties. Consequently, the Ministry of Gozo is seeking to address such valid concerns through the design and financing of the proposed project.

Once an appropriate coastal defence system has been constructed, the replenishment of Marsalforn’s sandy beach becomes viable. In the past the beach stretched along the entire length of the coastline. However, over the years the beach has been subject to intensive erosion, resulting in a beach of approximately 48m in length. The proposed Scheme aims to restore the beach to its original state. The inclusion of rubble groins will help protect the extended beach area by directing the rain water from the valley directly into the bay.

Page | 5 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

3.3.1 Relevant Policy

3.3.1.1 GOZO AND COMINO LOCAL PLAN 2006 The town of Marsalforn falls under the remit of the GOZO AND COMINO LOCAL PLAN (GCLP) of 2006. The overall strategy for the island of Gozo focuses on tourism development (Figure 3). The Scheme is being proposed to protect various infrastructure and properties along the coastline, thus enhancing the existing touristic services and facilities, providing peace of mind to all residents and owners of commercial establishments in the area whilst simultaneously improving the overall visitors’ experience.

One of the main goals of the policy is to improve access to the public and to rehabilitate despoiled areas (Figure 3). The provision of a new beach in the area will provide the public with easy access to the sea and an area for sunbathing in the summer months.

Since the Scheme lies in the marine environment, it is not located within the development zone boundaries indicted in the Marsalforn Policy map (Figure 4). The entire coastline within the bay is designated under the provisions of Policy GZ_COAS_1 which establishes criteria to safeguard public coastal access from overdevelopment (Figure 5). The Policy also seeks to protect the coastline for its heritage value, scenic qualities, and recognises the important role it plays in the quality of life of the general public and the economic value to the businesses in the area. The Policy clearly states that the public must have free and unhindered access to the coast. Since the Scheme does not jeopardise the public access to the coastline, it can be considered as conformant with the provisions of Policy GZ_COAS_1.

Part of the coast near the proposed Menqa Breakwater, lies in a Coastal Viewshed Protection Zone, which is also included in Policy GZ__COAS_1. Developments and interventions within such areas are restricted to maintenance work on existing traditional coastal features. The Policy does not allow an increase in the built footprint or height of structures. Since the Scheme is not located directly within the confinements of the Coastal Viewshed Protection Zone, the proposed development does not directly conflict with Policy GZ_COAS_1.

The coastal areas within relatively close proximity to the breakwaters are designated as residential areas under Policy GZ_HOUS_1 (Figure 6). The Policy states that residential units must be the main type of buildings within such areas. However, other uses which create a pleasant and flourishing community such as small local shops, are also permitted. Some of the buildings are also subject to height limitations, as outlined in Policy GZ_Zbug_1 (Figure 7). Buildings are not allowed to exceed four floors and the site frontage must not be greater than 6m wide. The proposed Scheme lies outside of these areas and will not jeopardise the residential character of the area.

The area to the south east of the proposed Menqa breakwater has been designated for the upgrade of the marina under Policy GZ_RECR_2 (Figure 6). This Policy outlines the need to manage development along the highly anthropogenic coast to minimise the conflicts between the different coastal users. The Scheme has been designed to minimise such conflicts.

Page | 6 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

The section of coast that comprises the proposed Santa Marija breakwater is considered to be an Area of High Landscape Sensitivity (AHLS) as defined in Policy GZ_RLCN_1 (Figure 8). The Policy aims to protect the rural coastline to maintain the picturesque setting and visual appeal of the area. The policy states that any development applications which will adversely affect the visual amenity of the area must be viewed as unfavourable.

3.3.1.2 Strategic Plan for the Environment and Development (2015) The Scheme must also complement the goals and objectives set out in the STRATEGIC PLAN FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT (SPED, 2015). SPED (2015) aims to direct development to ensure that the land and sea resources of the Maltese Islands are utilised effectively, whilst ensuring that the environment is protected and enhanced.

The proposed Scheme specifically fulfils a number of the SPED’s objectives, including:

» Climate Change: Thematic Objective 1 To control Greenhouse gas emissions and enhance Malta’s capacity to adapt to Climate Change by…..directing development away from areas which are prone to significant risk of flooding with the exception of interventions required to manage these areas.

» Coastal Zone and Marine Area: Coastal Objective 3 To ensure that existing coastal recreational resources are protected, enhanced and assessable and to facilitate the provision of new recreational facilities which to not restrict or interfere with physical and visual public access of the coast and in a manner which does not have an unacceptable adverse impact on protected areas, species and areas of high landscape sensitivity by…..protecting and encouraging informal recreational facilities on the terrestrial rural coast…..protecting designated beaches and swimming zones…..guiding beach replenishment towards beaches with proven coastal erosion.

» Gozo: Gozo Objective 1 To ensure that the social and employment needs of Gozo are met and to protect the distinctiveness of Gozo’s settlements, cultural and natural environment to support the implementation of Eco-Gozo’s initiative.

3.3.1.3 NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT FOR 2050 (2020) The NATIONAL STRATEGY FOR THE ENVIRONMENT FOR 2050: WELLBEING FIRST: A VISION FOR MALTA (2020) is currently in the public consultation review stage. The Strategy aims to provide a framework for all plans, policies and programmes in order to ensure that the natural environment is protected and managed sustainably. The main objectives of the strategy, to be achieved within one generation (i.e. 30 years), are as follows:

» Ensuring a better and sustainable quality of life » Providing clear and long-term direction for our environment » Setting out national environmental targets » Addressing environmental challenges Malta is facing » Integrating and synergising efforts of all polices and stakeholders who directly or indirectly influence the state of our environment.

Page | 7 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

The Strategy identifies ten key themes and challenges that may hinder environmentally compatible developments for each. Those which relate to the proposed Scheme include:

» Addressing climate change Limited national preparedness and resilience to future climate change impacts

» Sustainable use of resources: marine and fresh waters Managing and safeguarding the quality of the marine environment

Page | 8 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 3: Overall development strategy for Gozo and Comino (Source: GCLP, 2006)

Page | 9 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 4: Development zone demarcation (Source: GCLP, 2006)

Page | 10 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 5: Coastal areas (Source: GCLP, 2006)

Page | 11 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 6: Marsalforn policy map (Source: GCLP, 2006)

Page | 12 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 7: Building height restrictions (Source: GCLP, 2006)

Page | 13 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 8: Areas of High Landscape Sensitivity (Source: GCLP, 2006)

Page | 14 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

4 Indication of the Proposed Timing of the Project and Why its Timing is Preferred

Subject to the approval of the planning permit, the construction of the Scheme is expected to commence in October 2021. The construction phase will be dived into three main stages that will extend over the following time periods:

» Phase 1: Santa Marija Breakwater 30 months

» Phase 2: Menqa Breakwater 21 months

» Phase 3: Groins and Beach Replenishment 6 months

Page | 15 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

5 The Location of the Scheme with Site Boundaries Shown

The Scheme site is located on the northern coast of Gozo, as shown in Figure 9, Figure 10 and in greater detail in Figure 11. The GPS coordinates for the individual components of the Scheme are summarised in Table 1.

Figure 9: Location of Marsalforn Bay within the Maltese Islands (Source: Google Earth)

Figure 10: Location of the proposed Scheme within Marsalforn Bay (Source: Google Earth)

Page | 16 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Table 1: Co-ordinates of the individual components of the proposed Scheme

Component Co-Ordinates 36°4'30.04"N Santa Marija Breakwater 14°15'32.06"E 36°4'23.72"N Menqa Breakwater 14°15'38.60"E 36°4'16.61"N Eastern Groin 14°15'35.26"E 36°4'16.36"N Western Groin 14°15'34.13"E

Page | 17 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 11: Location of the Scheme site

Page | 18 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

6 Alternative Uses, Technologies and Locations for the Scheme

6.1 Location Over the years, the Applicant has considered various design proposals to locate the proposed breakwaters. The positioning of such breakwaters is crucial to ensure that the bay/shoreline is protected, particularly during storm events. Three alternative locations were considered and are summarised below:

Option 1 (Refer to Figure 12)

» The Santa Marija breakwater is positioned at il-Ponta ta’ Santa Marija. Two alternatives (A and B) are indicated in the plan, with one being slightly closer to the mouth of the bay than the other.1 » The Menqa Breakwater is located on the protrusion of land at Ghar Qawqla, at the entrance to the eastern side of the bay.

Option 2 (Refer to Figure 13)

» The Santa Marija breakwater is located in the same area proposed for Option 1, with two alternatives (A and B) indicated in the plan at il-Ponta ta’ Santa Marija. » The Menqa Breakwater extends out from the existing jetty located on the eastern side of the bay.

Option 3 (Refer to Figure 15)

» Both breakwaters are positioned outside of the bay, projecting out into the sea

The suitability of each option was analysed by the architect and a front-end engineering team (Royal HaskoningDHV) based on a range of parameters including: construction logistics, site accessibility, topographical conditions, degree of coastal protection, visual impact and water quality. After evaluating each option, the applicant chose Option 2A (with the southern-most location for the Santa Marija Breakwater) as the most appropriate design option.

1 Mouth of the bay refers to the area where the bay joins the sea.

Page | 19 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 12: Option 1 for the location of the breakwaters

Page | 20 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 13: Option 2 (proposed option) for the location of the breakwaters

Page | 21 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 14: Option 3 for the location of the breakwaters

Page | 22 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

6.2 Construction Methodologies Three different construction methodologies were explored when designing the structure of the breakwaters. All of the options took a wide range of factors into consideration, including the availability of local materials and the intended use of the breakwaters. The three options under investigation were:

» Option 1 Rubble mound structure (refer to )

» Option 2 Rubble mound structure with block work (refer to )

» Option 3 Composite structure including reinforced concrete caissons (refer to )

After careful deliberation, Option 3 (composite structure) was selected for the Santa Marija Breakwater and Option 1 (rubble mound structure) was chosen for the Menqa Breakwater. These were considered to be the most suitable in terms on economical outlay, visual intrusion and logistics during the construction phase.

6.3 Alternative Technology Both of the proposed breakwaters will be fitted with solar powered lights to ensure the safe navigation of vessels in and out of the bay.

Page | 23 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 15: Option 1 for the breakwater structure (rubble mound)

Page | 24 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 16: Option 2 for the breakwater structure (rouble mound with blockwork)

Page | 25 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 17: Option 3 for the breakwater structure (composite)

Page | 26 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

7 Physical Characteristics

7.1 Size, scale and design The site plans for the Scheme are presented in Figure 18 and Figure 20.

7.1.1 Breakwaters The Scheme involves the construction of two breakwaters, one at il-Ponta ta’ Santa Marija and the other in close proximity to Triq Ghar Qawqla (Menqa Breakwater). In order to accommodate the two breakwaters an area of 13,700m2 has been earmarked for dredging.

The Menqa Breakwater will project into the bay from the eastern coast, whereas the Santa Marjia Breakwater will extend out from the western coast of the bay. The Menqa Breakwater will be located further into the Marsalforn inlet than the Santa Marija Breakwater.

Menqa Breakwater The proposed Menqa breakwater will attach to an existing jetty, which already protrudes out into Marsalforn bay. Given that the breakwater will be composed of an underwater ‘rubble mound’ structure, the footprint of the breakwater on the seabed will be significantly larger than the above waterline footprint (refer to Table 2). The mound is comprised of small to medium sized boulders held in place by an outer rock armour covering layer (vide Figure 19).

Table 2: Dimensions of the proposed Menqa Breakwater

Dimension Footprint on seabed 3,263sqm Length on seabed 91m Maximum width on seabed 45m Area above waterline 2,091sqm Length above water line 70m Maximum width above 27m water line

Santa Marija Breakwater The Santa Marija Breakwater will extend out from the coast from an existing concreted area. This breakwater will occupy an area of the seabed over three times larger than the Menqa Breakwater (refer to Table 3).

The internal structure of the breakwater will not be composed of an entire rubble mound structure. Instead it encompass various architectural and engineering features that form a composite structure. The proposed northern section of the Santa Marija breakwater will entail three main layers. The inner-most layer will be composed of small to medium sized rock boulders, whilst the middle layer will entail a thin layer of larger rock boulders. Conversely, the outermost of the layers will be comprised of pre-cast concrete ecopods.

Page | 27 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

In contrast, the southern side will be composed of serval cassions, which will be placed on a bedding layer and filled using fill material. A crown wall and elevated footpath will then be constructed on top. The general public will be able to walk along the breakwater and use it for recreational activities such as fishing.

Table 3: Dimensions of the proposed Santa Marija Breakwater

Dimension Footprint on seabed 10,421sqm Length on seabed 207m Maximum Width on seabed 61.5 Area above waterline 4,854sqm Length above water line 107m Maximum Width above 35.5m water line

Both breakwaters will be equipped with lighting fixtures to ensure safe navigation of vessels within the bay, particularly during the night time. The lighting fixtures will also be switched on to illuminate the area during adverse weather conditions when visibility is poor.

7.1.2 Groins and Beach Replenishment The proposed groins will be located on either side of Marsalforn valley mouth. They will protrude out into the bay for a distance of 37m and occupy a total area of approximately 932m2. The placement of the proposed groins will require dredging to provide a solid foundation for the structures. This process will involve the removal of approximately 700m3 of material. If the material proves to be non-hazardous it will be used for the beach replenishment process.

The groins will have a similar structure to the Menqa breakwater (vide Figure 20). They will be composed of two layers of rock boulders. The boulders positioned at the base and middle of the groins will be relatively small; whereas the outer layer will comprise of medium sized boulders. The boulders used for the groins will range in size from 1 to 3 tons. Only the upper section of the groins will be visible above the mean sea level, as indicated in Figure 20.

7.1.3 Beach Replenishment Once the groins are in place, the beach replenishment will take place on the lateral side of each groin. This arrangement will result in the extension of the existing beach by 3,084m2. The extended beach will provide additional space for sunbathers and swimmers. The coastal area at the mouth of the valley will be kept clear throughout the year, to allow surface water run off to flow directly into the sea.

Page | 28 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 18: Site plan of the proposed Scheme

Page | 29 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 19: Cross sections of the proposed breakwaters

Page | 30 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 20: Cross section of the proposed groins

Page | 31 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

7.2 Phasing The construction of the Scheme will be divided into three main phases, one for each breakwater and one for the construction of the groins and beach replenishment. Each phase will be further subdivided into smaller stages as summarised in . Since the Gannt chart shown in also includes the permitting phase (Phase 1); the construction phases are indicated as Phase 2, 3 and 4.

» Phase 1: 12 months Includes permitting and selecting a works contractor

» Phase 2: 30 months Includes the setting up and construction of the Santa Marija breakwater

» Phase 3: 21 months Includes the setting up and construction of the Menqa breakwater

» Phase 4: 6 months Includes the seabed preparation, construction of both groins and the beach replenishment

7.2.1 Number of Employees It is estimated that a total of ca. 125 persons will be required for the construction of the two breakwaters. This number includes all workers involved in the project, including those required off site.

No personnel will be required to operate the breakwaters, groins and beach once the construction phase has been completed. All systems, such as lighting will be automated. Maintenance checks will also be made by specialised personnel on a scheduled programme to maximise the lifetime of the project.

Page | 32 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 21: Indicative phasing of the construction phase of the Scheme, including the permitting stage

Page | 33 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

8 Land Uses & Environmental Characteristics

8.1 Land Uses Land uses within a 100m buffer zone surrounding the Scheme site have been mapped in Figure 37.

The proposed Menqa breakwater will extend from an existing jetty, which itself protrudes from a stretch of natural coastline. The coastline comprises of a cliff face and a small sandy pocket beach which lies to the east of the existing jetty (Figure 22). A promenade extends along the eastern edge of the study area. It is furnished with several colourful benches where people can sit down to enjoy the views of the bay (Figure 23).

A small sheltered harbour is situated to the south of the proposed Menqa Breakwater. On the day of the site visit, it was being used to accommodate mainly fishing vessels and small leisure boats (Figure 24). A flat section of concrete located to the east of the harbour, provides an area where vessels can be stored safely outside of the water. Both the harbour and boat storage area are protected from the sea by a small coastal defence wall (Figure 25). Several commercial premises, composed mainly of a hotel and restaurants, are also found relatively close to the Menqa Breakwater.

The buildings around the proposed Santa Marija Breakwater predominately comprise of residential apartment blocks (Figure 27). The blocks vary in style and condition but all have balconies from which the residents can enjoy picturesque views (Figure 28). Most of the apartments are used for short-term lets by both tourists and Maltese visiting the area. A couple of empty plots are situated behind the apartment blocks (Figure 29). On the opposite side of Triq Santa Marija, a promenade stretches along the coastline providing people with a pleasant path to walk along whilst enjoying views of the sea (Figure 30).

The coastline around the proposed Santa Marjia Breakwater comprises of a large low lying natural rock platform (Figure 31). Some manmade concrete paths have been constructed to increase the visitor and vehicle accessibility to the sea. Two relatively large rectangular areas have also been concreted, one of which is used as an informal carpark whilst the other forms part of an outdoor eating area (refer to Figure 32 and Figure 33 respectively).

The north western section of the study area encompasses a public garden and an adjacent parking area (Figure 34 and Figure 35). The carpark, although not busy during the time of the site visit, is a very popular parking spot for people visiting the area.

The coastline adjacent to the proposed rubble groins and beach replenishment area is paved, and comprises of a relatively wide promenade. The buildings in this southern portion of the AoI are composed of commercial outlets and residential apartment blocks. The commercial outlets comprise of restaurants, cafes, souvenir shops and guest houses. All of the residential accommodation is composed of tall apartment blocks; many of which provide the residents with spectacular sea views.

The marine area is used to moor leisure boats. Some of the boats are privately owned and used for personal use, whilst others are owned by companies which provide day trips for Page | 34 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

people visiting the bay. A significant influx of vessels occurs during the summer months, which coincides with the peak tourism season. The crowded mooring areas during the summer season contrast greatly with the winter months as vessels are brought up to land for maintenance purposes and to protect them from adverse sea conditions.

The bay is also highly frequented by swimmers, particularly during the hot summer months. Various beach paraphernalia, including ladders have been installed along the coastline to enable the bathers to get in and out of the sea easily and safely.

Figure 22: Coastal cliffs and pocket beach, underneath Triq Għar Qawqla (22nd September 2020)

Page | 35 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 23: Promenade along Triq Għar Qawqla (22nd September 2020)

Figure 24: Small harbour, located next to Triq il-Menqa (22nd September 2020)

Page | 36 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 25: Harbour protected by a coastal defence wall (22nd September 2020)

Figure 26: Restaurant with overlaying residential accommodation, Triq Għar Qawqla (22nd September 2020)

Page | 37 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 27: Apartment blocks looking out to sea, Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Figure 28: Facades of different styled apartment blocks, Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Page | 38 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 29: Empty plots, Triq is-Salini (22nd September 2020)

Figure 30: Section of promenade along Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Page | 39 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 31: Low lying shore platform, below Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Figure 32: Informal carpark on the concreted section of the shore, below Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Page | 40 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 33: Concrete area being used as an outdoor eating area, below Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Figure 34: Carpark located at the top of Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Page | 41 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 35: Public garden at the top of Triq Santa Marija (22nd September 2020)

Figure 36: Marsalforn Bay (22nd September 2020)

Page | 42 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 37: Land use map within a 100m buffer zone

Page | 43 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

8.2 Geology, Geomorphology, Soil and Hydrology

8.2.1 Geology, Geomorphology and Soil The majority of the Scheme site itself is located on the seabed, as indicated in Figure 38. The landward tip of the Santa Marija breakwater overlies a small natural Middle Globigerina Limestone promontory. The eastern beach replenishment area overlies both Lower and Middle Globigerina Limestone. Similarly, the coastline is also composed of Lower and Middle Globigerina Limestone; whereas the inland sections of the AoI comprise of Upper Globigerina Limestone.

Globigerina Limestone is the second oldest rock formation within the Maltese Islands, as it was formed during the Aquitanian to Langhian stages of the Miocene epoch. It is composed of three members: Lower, Middle and Upper Globigerina Limestone. The former is the oldest, whilst the latter is the youngest member. The three members are separated by two distinctive phosphate conglomerate beds.

The Lower member is typically pale yellow in colour, massive bedded and contains globigerinid biomicrites. In Gozo, this member is not found in beds thicker than 40m. The Middle member is characterised by pale grey globigernid biomicrites. The Upper member is found in thin layers. The Upper member has a tripartite structure; it is composed of two layers of pale-yellow globigernid biomicrties separated by a middle layer pale-grey marly biomicrite.

Three different types of soil are found within the AoI (vide Figure 39). The Xaghra soil is located next to both of the proposed breakwaters; whereas the San Biagio and soils are only located in the northern section of the study area. The Xaghra soil is classified as a Terra soil, whereas the San Biago and San Lawrenz are Xerorendzina and carbonate raw soils respectively.

The entire length of the coastline adjacent to the rubble groins and beach replenishment area has no exposed soil, as it comprises of a built up area. The built up area extends northwards up to the proposed jetty from which the Menqa breakwater will adjoin to.

Marsalforn Bay is a naturally formed U-shaped bay. As previously mentioned, due to its orientation and open mouth it is highly exposed during adverse weather/sea conditions.

Page | 44 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 38: Geology map for the area surrounding the proposed development

Page | 45 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 39: Map for the soil types of the area surrounding the proposed development

Page | 46 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

8.2.2 Hydrology A very small section of the landward part of the Santa Marija Breakwater will overlie the Gozo Mean Sea level Aquifer, as illustrated in Figure 40.

The coastal waters within Marsalforn Bay (MTC102) are classed as Type 3 in THE 2ND WATER CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN (Figure 41). This infers that they are exposed (the prevailing wind is onshore [wind blowing towards the shore] although there is a degree of shelter because of extensive shallow areas offshore, offshore obstructions or a restricted window [<90 degrees] to open water) and of intermediate to deep depth (30-50m to >50m).2

THE 2ND WATER CATCHMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN cites the nearby Qortin landfill as a potential source of contamination in the Marsalforn Bay waters. The contaminants from the landfill may travel to the sea by means of leaching. However, the Plan also notes that a report published by Scott Wilson in 2004, concluded that this process is unlikely to contaminate the waters within the bay.3

The water within Marsalforn Bay is considered to have a good biological and overall chemical status (refer to Figure 42 and Figure 43 respectively).2

Figure 40: Preliminary identification of bodies of groundwater within the Maltese Water Catchment District (Source: Malta Resources Authority)

2 ERA. (2015). The 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan for the Malta Water Catchment District 2015 - 2021. , Malta. 3 Scott Wilson. 2004. Development of Rehabilitation Strategies, Magħtab, Qortin and Wied Fulija Landfills, Summary Report. Malta: WasteServ Malta Ltd.

Page | 47 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 41: Level and depth of Maltese coastal water bodies (Source: 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan)

Page | 48 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 42: Ecological status of Maltese coastal water bodies (Source: 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan)

Page | 49 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 43: Chemical status of Maltese coastal water bodies (Source: 2nd Water Catchment Management Plan)

Page | 50 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

8.3 Cultural Heritage The status of the cultural heritage of the buildings within the 100m buffer zone was researched on the PA geoportal website. The 100m AoI around the proposed Scheme site contains no scheduled buildings.

8.4 Ecology The Scheme site is located within two protected Natura 2000 sites: Żona fil-Baħar madwar Għawdex (MT0000112) and Żona fil-Baħar bejn il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitri (Għawdex) u il-Qaliet (MT0000105).

Żona fil-Baħar madwar Għawdex is a designated Special Protection Area (SPA) covering a marine area of 55,647.75ha. The protected area includes the marine area around the entire islands of Gozo and Comino as well as the northern tip of Malta (Figure 44). The area is designated for protection due to the presence of Cory’s Shearwater colonies (Calonectris diomedea) and Levantine Shearwater colonies (Puffinus yelkouan). Both of these seabird species are protected under Article 4 of Directive 2009/147/EC and listed in Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC.

Figure 44: Żona fil-Baħar madwar Għawdex (MT0000112) (Source: Natura 2000 network viewer)

Żona fil-Baħar bejn il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitri (Għawdex) u il-Qaliet (MT0000105) is designated as a Site of Community Important (SCI). The site extends along the north eastern coasts of Malta and Gozo from the coastline out into the sea. It encompasses a total marine area of 15,896.22ha. Four different habitats are found within the Natura 2000 site:

» Habitat 1110: Sandbanks which are slightly covered by sea water all the time » Habitat 1120: Posidonia beds (Posidonion oceanicae) » Habit 1170: Reefs » Habitat 8330: Submerged or partially submerged sea caves

Page | 51 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Żona fil-Baħar bejn il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitri (Għawdex) u il-Qaliet is also home to protected loggerhead turtles (Carettta caretta). These turtles are protected under Article 4 of Directive 2009/147/EC and listed in Annex II of Directive 92/43/EEC.

Figure 45: Żona fil-Baħar bejn il-Ponta ta’ San Dimitir (Għawdex) u il-Qaliet (MT0000105)

Page | 52 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

9 Services Available on Site

9.1 Energy and Water No existing energy or water services are currently available at the Scheme sites. Since lighting and other electrical services will be installed along the breakwaters, the Applicant will contact the competent authority (Enemalta) to make the necessary infrastructural arrangements.

9.2 Sewage Sewage infrastructure is not currently present on site. Since the proposed Scheme does not entail public amenities, the project will not require any direct connections to the public sewage system.

9.3 Surface Water Run-Off and Storm Water Drainage The rainwater from both of the breakwaters and the groins will drain into the sea by natural processes.

Page | 53 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

10 Nature and Quantities of Raw Material, Energy, Waste and Machinery Used

10.1 Raw Materials

10.1.1 Construction Phase The approximate quantities of raw materials required for the construction phase are listed in Table 4.

Table 4: Approximate quantities of raw materials required for the construction phase of the Scheme

Raw material Use Approximate Quantity Concrete 23,500 m3 Steel reinforcement 2,750 tons Boulders Breakwaters 78,000 m3 (size between 1kg to 6 tons) Fill material 13,200 m3 Boulders Groins 1,750 m3 (size between 1 to 3 tons) Sand Beach replenishment 4,000 m3

The bulk of the raw material will be brought to the site on barges. This includes pre-cast elements which will be constructed offsite. In the event that materials require temporary storage on land, they will be confined in dedicated areas. Figure 46 illustrates the raw material storage area for the work on the Santa Marija Breakwater.

10.1.2 Operational Phase During the operational phase raw materials are only envisaged for maintenance purposes. These material will be brought on site as necessary.

10.2 Energy

10.2.1 Construction Phase During the construction phase, approximately 425,000 litres of fuel are envisaged to power the generators, machinery and equipment to be used on site. This amounts to ca. 16, 500 Gigajoules of energy.

10.2.2 Operational Phase The proposed lighting fixtures and infrastructure will require electrical power to operate. Part of this energy demand will be sourced from solar-powered units, therefore the estimated electrical consumption during the operational phase is expected to be minimal.

10.3 Machinery

10.3.1 Construction Phase The machinery to be used during the construction phase of the Scheme is listed in Table 5. Page | 54 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Table 5: Quantities of machinery required for the construction phase of the Scheme

Machinery Estimated Quantity Floating barge 2 Jack up barge 1 Split hopper barge 2 Land excavator 2 Ship mounted excavator 1 Mobile crane 2 Crawler crane 2 Ship mounted crane 1 Tipper truck/loader 5 Concrete truck 5 Concrete pump 1 Generator 1 Air compressor 1

10.3.2 Operational Phase No machinery is envisaged during the operational phase, except for maintenance purposes.

Due to the presence of the proposed breakwaters and groins, it is not expected that the beach will require annual replenishment.

10.4 Waste

10.4.1 Construction Phase The waste generated during the construction phase will be predominately generated from the proposed dredging activities. Approximately 22,300 m3 of material will be dredged from the seabed to accommodate both breakwaters. A substantial proportion of this material is likely to be used as fill material during the construction of the two breakwaters.

The preparation of the site for the construction of the groins will necessitate the removal of an additional ca. 700m3 of material from the seabed.

A seabed characterisation study has been commissioned by the applicant to clearly establish the geotechnical features of the seabed as well as the nature and levels of contamination of the overlying sediment that will be dredged. Various chemical and physical tests will be carried out to determine whether the dredged material is hazardous and to ultimately determine the fate of the material for disposal in line with waste management guidelines and regulations.

10.4.2 Operational Phase No significant quantities of waste will be generated during the operational phase, except during maintenance procedures.

Page | 55 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

11 Access and Parking Requirements

11.1 Access

11.1.1 Construction Phase During the construction of the proposed breakwaters, access to the Scheme sites will be from the surrounding roads. Access to the Menqa Breakwater will be via Triq il-Menqa and Triq Ghar Qawqla. Access to the Santa Marija Breakwater will be from Triq Santa Marija. It should be noted that most of the materials will be brought on site using a barge to minimise traffic bottlenecks and public inconvenience on the limited road network at Marsalforn.

Access during the construction of the groins and beach replenishment activity will be restricted to the sea only. During this period the beach will be closed to the general public for safety reasons.

11.1.2 Operational Phase During the operational phase, the Santa Marija Breakwater will be accessible by both foot and boat. In contrast, the Menqa Breakwater will not be readily accessible to the general public.

Access to the beach will remain unaltered, with direct access from Triq il-Port and Triq il- Menqa.

11.2 Parking

11.2.1 Construction Phase During the construction phase, all machinery and vehicles will be kept within designated parking areas.

Page | 56 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Figure 46: Material/waste storage area (red) and parking area (green) during the construction phase of the Santa Marija Breakwater

11.2.2 Operational Phase The proposed Scheme does not include additional parking provisions.

Page | 57 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

12 Major Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures

A preliminary indication of the environmental impacts that are likely to be associated with the Scheme are described in this section, and may serve as an initial scoping assessment in the context of the ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT REGULATIONS OF 2017 (S.L. 549.46).

The Scheme involves the construction of two breakwaters (the Santa Marija Breakwater on the western coast and the Menqa Breakwater on the eastern coast) within Marsalforn Bay, Gozo. The proposed project also includes the construction of two groins at the mouth of the valley and the replenishment of Marsalforn sandy beach. The work involves dredging an area of ca. 16,600m2 but no piling works.

The potential impacts of the Scheme and their respective mitigation measures are listed in Table 6.

Table 6: Potential impacts and their mitigation measures

Features Potentially Description of Potential Impact Mitigation Measures Impacted Major Adverse

Since the Scheme is situated within The Applicant should issue a a busy inlet, the construction works “notice to mariners” of the will restrict access and berthing to schedule of work to be the other boat users in the area. carried out to inform other This will be particularly prevalent boat users within the bay, Sea Use when the barge is present on site. especially the fishers.

Major Beneficial Although the Scheme will occupy space in the marine environment it N/A will protect the sea uses within the bay throughout the year. Minor Adverse During the construction phase, part of the coastal area will be inaccessible. The impact is N/A considered to be minor due to the small area of land take-up and the Land Use temporary nature of the issue.

Major Beneficial The protection of the shoreline provided by the Scheme will be of

great benefit to the commercial and residential properties located along the coast, especially on Triq il-Port.

Page | 58 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

Furthermore, the extended beach will alleviate the pressure on the currently overcrowded beach. Major Adverse A silt curtain should be utilized throughout the During the construction phase, duration of the construction various major adverse effect are phase to reduce the envisaged on the marine dispersion of suspended environment. The impact will be sediment into the bay. particularly severe for the marine habitats located on the seabed and any organisms living within the Given that the site is a seabed. protected Natura 2000 site, a detailed benthic survey During the construction of the should be carried out to project there is also a risk of identify the species present leakages and contamination from in the area and allow a raw materials, waste and better assessment of the machinery, which may result in impacts of the development harmful substances being released to be made. This will enable into the sea. a suitable monitoring programme to be designed. (NB: The Applicant has already commissioned a benthic survey, which will be carried out in the coming weeks.) To avoid the occurrence of Marine Ecology spillages and leakages raw materials should be stored away from the water’s edge in spill trays. In case accidental spillages do occur, spill kits should be readily available on site. Any machinery being used on site should be regularly maintained and serviced to reduce the chance of any leakages.

Moderate-Major Adverse The Applicant must carry out a detailed marine survey The presence of artificial structures to identify the marine may significantly alter the species presence within the hydrodynamics within the bay and bay. The survey needs to give rise to habitat fragmentation include the assessment of and scouring effects. The the benthic species within breakwaters and groins will provide and around the Scheme a new surface that will attract the footprint. colonisation of new species, some of which may be invasive.

Page | 59 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

The significance of the impact will The Applicant should also depend on the species present commission a hydrodynamic within the area and the resultant study to determine the changes in the hydrodynamics due effect of the proposed to the presence of the breakwaters. breakwaters and groins on the wave and current dynamics within the bay. It should be noted that the Applicant is in the process of carrying out a hydrodynamic survey. Major Adverse The dredging work will result in the removal of a significant amount of rock, in turn altering the geology, Geology, geomorphology and palaeontology Geomorphology, of the area. Palaeontology, N/A Hydrology, Hydrogeology It is envisaged that there will be no significant changes in the hydrology and hydrogeology as a result of the development. Unknown The Applicant should also commission a hydrodynamic The presence of two breakwaters, study to determine the two groins and larger beach area effect of the proposed may alter the hydrodynamics within Scheme on the wave and the bay. The resultant changes can current dynamics within the only be determined through a bay. It should be noted that hydrodynamic study. Water the Applicant is in the hydrodynamics process of carrying out a hydrodynamic study.

Depending on the results of the hydrodynamic study, the Scheme may have to be revised to mitigate any adverse impacts. Unknown Should any artefacts be discovered, monitoring The dredging of the seabed may should be carried out uncover archaeological features according to the guidance and cultural assets of interest. provided by the SCH. Archaeology and

Cultural Assets Seabed surveys may be carried out to confirm the presence of any potential artefacts within the sediment. Landscape and Moderate Adverse All machinery should be Visual Impact confined within the

Page | 60 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

During the construction phase, the designated storage area and construction machinery will site boundary. temporarily reduce the landscape and visual amenity of the area. Major Adverse The breakwaters should be designed to minimise the The proposed development will add visual impact and to blend man-made structures into the bay. into the surrounding area as As the breakwaters and groins will much as possible. protrude into centre of the bay and contrast with the natural rocky coastline, the impact is considered to be major.

Minor Adverse The ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION During the construction phase there SITE REGULATIONS of 2007 will be increased levels of dust (S.L. 435.79) should be generation, which will temporarily enforced and implemented reduce the air quality of the throughout the construction surrounding area. Air Quality phase to minimise the dispersal of dust into the surrounding environment. For example, all stockpiles should be kept covered by a heavy-duty sheet when not in use.

Moderate Adverse The ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION During the construction phase of SITE REGULATIONS of 2007 the project, especially the dredging (S.L. 435.79) should be works, additional noise will be implemented to minimise generated which may disturb the the disturbance to locals in local residents and businesses, line with S.L. 435.79. Noise especially the eateries located on Specific measures include the coastline. restricting working hours to daylight hours and switching off machinery when not in use.

Major Adverse The ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION The dredging works required for the SITE REGULATIONS of 2007 construction of the Scheme will (S.L. 435.79) should be generate significant quantities of implemented to ensure that waste silt and rock (23,000m3). Waste Management waste is stored and The severity of the impact will be managed on site in an reduced if the Applicant reuses the appropriate manner before material on site. The feasibility of being transported to a this measure depends on the registered waste disposal results obtained from the material facility.

Page | 61 PDS FOR A PROPOSED BREAKWATER, MARSALFORN, GOZO

characterization study which will be carried out in the near future. Where possible any waste material should be re-used

on site to limit the volumes of waste that needs to be disposed of. Moderate Adverse The ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CONSTRUCTION During the construction phase of SITE REGULATIONS OF 2007 the Scheme, the use of heavy (S.L. 435.79) should be machinery, road blockages and implemented to minimise generation of noise and dust will the disturbance to local cause a nuisance to local residents residents and businesses. A and businesses, as well as to people traffic plan for the area visiting the bay. should be developed to minimize the traffic impacts on the roads surrounding the site. The Applicant should also regularly consult local council and residents to identify and rectify any causes of concern. Major Beneficial Social Impacts The Scheme will provide protection to all the premises located along the coast during storm events, curbing infrastructural repair costs caused by flooding to a minimum. The increased level of protection within the bay will also enable the boat owners to leave their vessels in the sea even during adverse N/A sea/weather conditions. The vessels will only need to be removed during extreme weather events.

Furthermore, the increased beach area will enable both locals and tourists to enjoy the beach in more comfort due to the reduced crowding.

Page | 62