A Review on Tridax Procumbens
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-8, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in A Review on Tridax Procumbens Mr. Anil Saini1, Mr. Harish Kumar Soni2 & Mr. Parvesh Gupta3 1Asst. Lect. In Chemistry Dept., Govt. College Barwala. 2Asst. Lect. In Chemistry Dept., P.G. Govt. College Ambala 3Asst. Lect. In Chemistry Dept., R.G. Govt. College Saha Ambala Abstract: - It is now believed that nature has given 1. Background the cure of every disease in one way or another. The researchers today are emphasizing on Man uses plants in many ways to meet his basic evaluation and characterization of various plants needs food, clothing and shelter. Plants are also and plant constituents against a number of diseases known to relieve various diseases in Ayurveda. based on their traditional claims of the plants given Wild Plants supply medicines (antibiotic, in Ayurveda. Nature has been a source of antispasmodics, emetics, anti-cancer, medicinal agents for thousands of years and an antimicrobials etc.), crafts and cosmetics to rural impressive number of modern drugs have been and urban communities (Kokwaro, 1976; Prashant isolated from natural resources. Traditional et al., 2011). India is a country with a vast reserve medicine is an important source of potentially of natural resources and a rich history of traditional useful new compounds for the development of medicine. The different systems of medicinal usage chemotherapeutic agents. The essential values and practiced in India, Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, uses of some plants have been worked out and Amchi, Homoeopathy and local health traditions, published, but many of them remain unexplored to utilize a large number of plants for treatment of date. Tridax procumbens L is a highly valuable human and animal diseases. Those plants used drug and is one of the essential ingredients in the were called as medicinal plants (Gaikwadi et al., most of the compound preparations included in 2003). India officially recognizes over 3000 plants Ayurvedic literature. The phytochemical screening for their medicinal value. It is generally estimated revealed the presence of alkaloids, carotenoids, that over 6000 plants in India are in use in flavonoids (catechins and flavones), fumaric acid, traditional, folk and herbal medicine (Mohd. et al., fl-sitosterol, saponins and tannins. It is richly 2011). endowed with carotenoids, saponins, oleanolic acid Medicinal plants contain numerous biologically and ions like sodium, potassium and calcium. active compounds which are helpful in improving Luteolin, glucoluteolin, quercetin and isoquercetin the life and treatment of diseases (Shivananda, have been reported from its flowers. The leaf juice 2006). Natural products are the source of synthetic possesses antiseptic, insecticidal and antiparasitic and traditional herbal medicine and are still the properties. Leaf extracts can be used to treat primary health care system. The presence of infectious skin diseases in folk medicines. It is also various life sustaining constituents in plants made used to check hemorrhage from cuts, bruises and scientists to investigate these plants for their uses in wounds. The juice of leaves has been found to treating certain infective diseases and management remove subcutaneously harvested granuloma tissue of chronic wounds. Medicinal plants have been a formed on dead space wound in rats at 4 days major source of cure for human diseases since time interval up to 32 days of wounding. Antioxidant immemorial. It is no wonder that the world’s one- properties have also been found in this plant. This fourth population i.e. 1.42 billion people, are review focus on folk occurrence and the wide dependent on traditional medicines for the pharmacological activities like hepatoprotective treatment of various ailments (Reddy & K.J., activity, antiinflammatory, wound healing, 2004). Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to antidiabetic activity, hypotensive effect, main stream use with a greater number of people immunomodulating property, bronchial catarrh, seeking remedies and health approaches free from dysentery, diarrhea and to prevent falling of hair, side effects caused by synthetic chemicals. promotes the growth of hair, and antimicrobial Recently considerable attention has been paid to activity against both gram-positive and gram- utilize ecofriendly and bio-friendly plant based negative bacteria Tridax procumbens . products for the prevention and cure of different human diseases. Considering the adverse effects of synthetic drugs, the Western population is looking for natural remedies, which are safe and effective. It is documented that most of the World’s population has taken in traditional medicine, Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 308 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Vol-2, Issue-8, 2016 ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in particularly plant drug for the primary health care polyphenols as compared to aqueous extracts (Dubey et al., 2004). (Vishnu et al., 2011; Tease & Evans W.C., 1989; Researchers have cast a sharper eye on natural Harborne, 1973). It means that they are more products to get medicinally important compounds efficient in cell walls and seeds degradation which from plants (Mehta et al., 2010). have unpolar character and cause polyphenols to be Different plant parts like root, stem, flower, fruit, released from cells. More useful explanation for the twigs exudates and modified plant of medicinal decrease in activity of aqueous extract can be plants represent a rich source of antimicrobial ascribed to the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which agents (Mishra et al. 2011). For medical application degrade polyphenols in water extracts, whereas in plants can be used directly or indirectly used for methanol and ethanol they are inactive. Moreover, cure of particular disease. Indirectly, a medicinally water is a better medium for the occurrence of the active portion of plant tissues is extracted by using micro-organisms as as compared to the aqueous selective solvents through standard procedures. The extract can be attributed to the presence of higher purpose of standardized extraction procedures for amounts of polyphenols as compared to aqueous crude drugs (medicinal plant parts) is to attain the extracts. It means that they are more efficient in therapeutically desired portions and to eliminate cell walls and seeds degradation which have unwanted material by treatment with a selective unpolar character and cause polyphenols to be solvent. The amount of product extracted depends released from cells. More useful explanation for the upon time of extraction, temperature, nature of decrease in activity of aqueous extract can be solvent, solvent concentration, polarity and ascribed to the enzyme polyphenol oxidase, which quantity of plant material to be extracted. degrade polyphenols in water extracts, whereas in Successful determination of biologically active methanol and ethanol they are inactive. Moreover, compounds from plant material is largely water is a better medium for the occurrence of the dependent on the type of solvent used in the micro-organisms as compared to ethanol (Sunil et extraction procedure. Properties of a good solvent al., 2012; Tease & Evans W.C., 1989; Harborne, in plant extractions includes, low toxicity, ease of 1973). evaporation at low heat, promotion of rapid The higher concentrations of more bioactive physiologic absorption of the extract, preservative flavonoid compounds were detected with ethanol action, inability to cause the extract to complex or 70% due to its higher polarity than pure ethanol. dissociate. By adding water to the pure ethanol up to 30% for The various solvents that are used in the extraction preparing ethanol 70% the polarity of solvent was procedures are: Water: Water is universal solvent, increased (Sunil et al., 2012). Additionally, ethanol used to extract plant products with antimicrobial was found easier to penetrate the cellular activity. Though traditional healers use primarily membrane to extract the intracellular ingredients water but plant extracts from organic solvents have from the plant material (surya & John 2001; aya et been found to give more consistent antimicrobial al., 2011). Since nearly all of the identified activity compared to water extract. Also water components from plants active against soluble flavonoids (mostly anthocyanins) have no microorganisms are aromatic or saturated organic antimicrobial significance and water soluble compounds, they are most often obtained through phenolics only important as antioxidant compound initial ethanol or methanol extraction (Sunil et al., (Yoga et al., 2009; Parekh et al., 2007; Aniel et al., 2012; Tease & Evans W.C., 1989; Harborne, 2010; aya et al., 2011). 1973). Methanol is more polar than ethanol but due Acetone: Acetone dissolves many hydrophilic and to its cytotoxic nature, it is unsuitable for extraction lipophilic components from the two plants used, is in certain kind of studies as it may lead to incorrect miscible with water, is volatile and has a low results (Yoga et al., 2009; surya & John, 2001; paul toxicity to the bioassay used, it is a very useful et al., 1997). extractant, especially for antimicrobial studies Chloroform: Terpenoid lactones have been where more phenolic compounds are required to be obtained by successive extractions of dried barks extracted. A study reported that extraction of with hexane, chloroform and methanol with tannins and other phenolics was