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The Political Economy of Sovereign Debt Ownership in the Eurozone
MPIfG Discussion Paper 20/2 Who Are These Bond Vigilantes Anyway? The Political Economy of Sovereign Debt Ownership in the Eurozone Tobias Arbogast MPIfG Discussion Paper MPIfG Discussion Paper Tobias Arbogast Who Are These Bond Vigilantes Anyway? The Political Economy of Sovereign Debt Ownership in the Eurozone MPIfG Discussion Paper 20/2 Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Köln Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne April 2020 MPIfG Discussion Paper ISSN 0944-2073 (Print) ISSN 1864-4325 (Internet) © 2020 by the author(s) About the author Tobias Arbogast was a research assistant in the Research Group on the Sociology of Public Finances and Debt at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne. Email: [email protected] MPIfG Discussion Papers are refereed scholarly papers of the kind that are publishable in a peer-reviewed disciplinary journal. Their objective is to contribute to the cumulative improvement of theoretical knowl- edge. Copies can be ordered from the Institute or downloaded as PDF files (free). Downloads www.mpifg.de Go to Publications / Discussion Papers Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies Paulstr. 3 | 50676 Cologne | Germany Tel. +49 221 2767-0 Fax +49 221 2767-555 www.mpifg.de [email protected] Arbogast: Who Are These Bond Vigilantes Anyway? iii Abstract This paper examines the ownership structure of eurozone public debt and the distribu- tional consequences thereof. Through both a comparative perspective and an explorative case study of Italy, this paper asks two research questions. Firstly, it asks who holds gov- ernment debt in Spain, France, Germany, and Italy. -
Articles and Books on Stols, See Especially C
MINUTE PARTICULAR A Dutch Bibliophile Edition of The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1928) Oskar Wellens Blake/An Illustrated Quarterly, Volume 37, Issue 3, Winter 2003/2004, pp. 104-107 Works Cited A Dutch Bibliophile Edition of The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1928) Blair, Robert. The Grave, a Poem. London: T. Bensley for R. H. Cromek, 1808. BY OSKAR WELLENS Butlin, Martin. "New Risen from the Grave: Nineteen Un- known Watercolors by William Blake." Blake/An Illus- trated Quarterly 35.3 (winter 2001-02): 68-73. fter the publication of Alexander Gilchrist's Life of . Paintings and Drawings of William Blake. 2 vols. New AWilliam Blake in 1863, "Blake was," in the words of G. E. Bentley, Jr., "immediately elevated from obscurity to Haven and London: Yale UP, 1981. fame and notoriety."1 It is no matter for surprise that Essick, Robert N., and Morton D. Paley, eds. Robert Blair's henceforth numerous editions of his works started roll- The Grave Illustrated by William Blake. London: Scolar inB off the presses, not only in EnBland and America, but P, 1982. also on the Continent. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell, Goodwin, Karin. "Blake's Lost Art Earns GlasBow Sellers By William Blake, appeared in Maastricht, the Nether- £3m." [GlasBow] Sunday Herald 2 Feb. 2003 <http:// lands, in 1928, an edition that deserves some special at- www.sundayherald.com/print31098X tention, for it was brouBht out in a limited run desiBned Heppner, Christopher. Reading Blake's Designs. Cam- for bibliophiles only. This note is meant to throw some bridBe: CambridBe UP, 1995. -
Oh for a New Risorgimento
SPECIAL REPORT I TA LY June 11th 2011 Oh for a new risorgimento SRitaly.indd 1 31/05/2011 14:42 S PECIAL REPORT I TALY O h for a new risorgimento Italy needs to stop blaming the dead for its troubles and get on with life, says John Prideaux ON A WARM spring morning in Treviso, a town in Italy’s north•east, sev• eral hundred people have gathered in the main square, in the shadow of a13th•century bell tower, to listen to speeches. The crowd is so uniformly dressed, in casually smart clothes and expensive sunglasses, that an out• sider might assume invitations to this event had been sent out weeks ago. Most people are clutching plastic ags on white sticks. Some of them car• ry children wearing rosettes in red, white and green. On a temporary stage a succession of speakers talk about the country’s glori• ous history. Italy has taken the day o to celebrate its 150th anniversary as a nation. Treviso’s mayor, Gian Paolo Gobbo, is not celebrating. The desk in his oce faces a large painting of Venice in the style of Canaletto. This has some signicance for Mr Gobbo, who has spent his political career ghting to resus• citate the Republic of Venice, which nally expired in 1797 after a long illness. Below the painting stands a uorescent• green bear. It’s just like me! exclaims the mayor, a portly man in his 60s. Green is the colour of the Northern League, C ONTENTS a party which has sometimes toyed with the idea of break• 3 The economy ing up Italy and allowing the northern part of the country For ever espresso to go it alone. -
The Book to Come: Literary Advertising and the Poetics of the Prospectus
Chapter 11 The Book to Come: Literary Advertising and the Poetics of the Prospectus David Duff An important but often overlooked part of the ‘communications circuit’ stud- ied by book historians is the prospectus, a marketing device widely used in the book trade of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.1 A prospectus was a type of printed advertisement for a projected book, book series, periodi- cal, or other publishing venture, circulated prior to publication in order to at- tract readers and obtain advance orders and sometimes prepayment. Prospec- tuses played a key role in subscription publishing, a method of publication used for most periodicals and for certain types of book, especially expensive, illustrated books and multi-volume books or book series such as collected edi- tions, encyclopædias, and anthologies. Typically, a prospectus described both the intellectual content of the work and the physical form of it, explaining the rationale for publication and offering information about format, typeface, pa- per quality, binding (if used), pricing, where the order could be placed, and how and when it would be delivered, these transactional details often appear- ing in a sub-headed ‘Conditions of Sale’ section. Sometimes one or more speci- men pages were included and the prospectus was printed in the same format as the work it announced, making it a physical sample of the work as well as an abstract description of it.2 If an order was placed, the prospectus became in effect a contract of sale and might even be used as a receipt, some prospec- tuses carrying a blank space where the subscriber’s name could be added alongside a signature from the author to authenticate the order and confirm payment had been taken.3 1 For the ‘communications circuit,’ see Robert Darnton, “What is the History of Books?” Daeda- lus 111.3 (1982): 65–83, 69. -
Prospectus for the Initial Public Offering in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg of 35,043,479
Prospectus for the initial public offering in the Federal Republic of Germany and in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg of 35,043,479 bearer shares with no par value from the holdings of the Selling Shareholder, of 8,060,000 bearer shares with no par value from the holdings of the Selling Shareholder, with the number of shares to be actually placed with investors subject to the exercise of an Upsize Option upon decision of the Selling Shareholder, in consultation with the Joint Global Coordinators on the date of pricing, and of up to 5,256,521 bearer shares with no par value from the holdings of the Selling Shareholder to cover potential over-allotments, and at the same time for the admission to trading on the regulated market segment (regulierter Markt) of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) with simultaneous admission to the sub-segment of the regulated market with additional post-admission obligations (Prime Standard) of the Frankfurt Stock Exchange (Frankfurter Wertpapierbörse) of 161,200,000 bearer shares with no par value (existing share capital) — each such share with a notional value of EUR 1.00 in the share capital and with full dividend rights as from January 1, 2018 — of Knorr-Bremse Aktiengesellschaft Munich, Germany Price Range: EUR 72.00 — EUR 87.00 International Securities Identification Number (ISIN): DE000KBX1006 German Securities Code (Wertpapier-Kenn-Nummer) (WKN): KBX100 Common Code: 186559398 Trading Symbol: KBX Joint Global Coordinators and Joint Bookrunners Deutsche Bank J.P. Morgan Morgan Stanley Joint Bookrunners Berenberg COMMERZBANK UBS Investment Bank UniCredit Bank AG The date of the Prospectus is September 28, 2018 (This page has been left blank intentionally) TABLE OF CONTENTS I. -
The Europe 2020 Strategy
THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY CAN IT MAINTAIN THE EU’S COMPETITIVENESS IN THE WORLD? DANIEL GROS AND FELIX ROTH CENTRE FOR EUROPEAN POLICY STUDIES (CEPS) BRUSSELS The Centre for European Policy Studies (CEPS) is an independent policy research institute based in Brussels. Its mission is to produce sound policy research leading to constructive solutions to the challenges facing Europe. The views expressed in this book are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed to CEPS or any other institution with which they are associated. Daniel Gros is Director of CEPS and Felix Roth is Research Fellow at CEPS. This study has been made possible by a grant from the Austrian Federal Chancellery. We are grateful to Laura Felfelli, Lin Li and Raf van Gestel for valuable research assistance. Unless otherwise indicated, the views expressed in this report are attributable only to the authors in a personal capacity and not to any institution with which they are associated. ISBN 978-94-6138-124-8 © Copyright 2012, Centre for European Policy Studies and the authors. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without the prior permission of the Centre for European Policy Studies. Centre for European Policy Studies Place du Congrès 1, B-1000 Brussels Tel: (32.2) 229.39.11 Fax: (32.2) 219.41.51 E-mail: [email protected] Internet: www.ceps.eu CONTENTS Prologue............................................................................................................... i Introduction........................................................................................................ 1 1. -
The 2030 Plan for Southern Italy, Which Was Included in the National Reform Plan Sent to the European Commission in June 2020
Minister for Southern Italy and Territorial Cohesion In particular, it is necessary to reduce the further increasing divide between Northern and Southern Italy. Its consequences are affecting not only the southern communities, but the Country as a whole, held back in its development potential. [The President of the Italian Republic Sergio Mattarella, 31 December 2019] Italy has fractures in several areas. Inequalities and divides build up and become stronger across territories. Bridging territorial gaps is not only an act of justice; it is the essential lever to activate the unspoken development potential of our Country. Talks long focused on the immigration emergency, referring to it as an “invasion” for months. Yet they failed to see Southern Italy getting empty, its villages becoming depopulated, the exodus of new generations — that is the real national emergency. Decent employment is certainly missing. And quality services: education, healthcare, mobility. Yet, the main cause of this escape, as well as of the fatigue of those who remain, lies in uncertainty and mistrust as to Southern Italy’s future perspectives ten to twenty years from now. Leaving should be an option; now it is a need again, the only way to improve one’s living conditions. Young people should be free to leave, yet they should also have the opportunity to return. Our task is to guarantee the "right to stay", make Southern Italy not only "attractive" but also a true “attractor”: for investments, people, new ideas. The main objective of the "2030 Plan for Southern Italy" is to ensure a systematic policy and action framework to tackle some of the main challenges for sustainable development in Southern Italy, thus providing the basis for a radical shift in cohesion policy in its eight regions, with a short, medium and long-term perspective. -
Annual Report
Annual Report Annual Report Rome, 31 May 2019 YEAR FINANCIAL YEAR FINANCIAL th FINANCIAL 125 th 125 125th 2018 2018 Financial Year Financial Annual Report th 2018 – 125 Financial Year Rome, 31 May 2019 © Banca d’Italia, 2019 Address Via Nazionale, 91 00184 Rome - Italy Telephone +39 0647921 Website www.bancaditalia.it All rights reserved. Reproduction for academic and non-commercial use is permitted, provided that the source is acknowledged. ISSN 2239-9674 (print) ISSN 2280-4145 (online) The English edition has been translated from the Italian by the Language Services Division. Printed by the Printing and Publishing Division of the Bank of Italy, Rome, September 2019. The Bank of Italy’s Annual Accounts and the Statistical Appendix to the Annual Report are available on the Bank of Italy’s website. CONTENTS THE INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY 1. Cyclical developments and world trade 3 The economic situation and macroeconomic policies 3 Box: Recent trade tensions and their implications 8 International trade and global current account imbalances 11 Commodity prices and markets 13 International financial markets 14 Box: The reform of global governance: the proposals of the Eminent Persons Group to the G20 18 THE EURO-AREA ECONOMY 2. The economy and fiscal policies of the euro area 23 Cyclical developments 23 Box: Labour mobility and shock absorption in the euro area 24 Prices and costs 26 Box: Why has wage growth not passed through to prices yet? 27 The financial markets 29 Fiscal policies 30 European economic governance 33 3. Monetary policy in the euro area 35 Monetary policy action 35 Box: Expansionary monetary policy and the risk tolerance of banks 36 Monetary policy operations 39 Interest rates and the euro exchange rate 40 Money and credit 41 Box: The effects of TLTRO II on the credit market 43 BANCA D’ITALIA Annual Report 2018 III THE ITALIAN ECONOMY 4. -
The Limitations of the Euro: a Case Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy
Bard College Bard Digital Commons Masters of Science in Economic Theory and Policy Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Spring 2020 The Limitations of the Euro: A Case Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy Madeleine Johnsson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.bard.edu/levy_ms Part of the Health Economics Commons The Limitations of the Euro: A Case Study of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy by Madeleine Johnsson Thesis Submitted to the Master of Arts in Economic Theory and Policy The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 2020 1 Introduction The COVID-19 pandemic in Italy is the latest event following the 2010 European sovereign debt crisis and the 2015 European migrant crisis to expose the limitations of the euro. While the worst of the COVID-19 pandemic is over in Italy, the Italian economy faces a new dilemma. Italy finds itself in a potential deadlock as other countries outside and inside the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) are able to mitigate the impact of the pandemic through greater fiscal relief measures. Therefore, the fate of Italy’s economic woes lies in the hands of the European Central Bank (ECB) and the Economic Commission. The difficulty, however, is that the EMU and its governing institutions not only are predicated on neoclassical economics that strips away vital monetary and fiscal policy space for member states during a crisis but also lacks an autonomous fiscal policy mechanism on the supranational level that can act decisively in a health crisis which asymmetrically affects Eurozone countries. -
The Political Economy of Italy's Decline
The Political Economy of Italy’s Decline LSE Department of Government public lecture Andrea Lorenzo Capussela Chair: Valentino Larcinese Author of State-Building in Kosovo: Democracy, Corruption, and the EU in the Professor in Public Policy in the LSE Department of Government Balkans Bill Emmott Former Director of the Economist Event hashtag: #LSEItaly TFP 1950–2014 (US=1) TFP 1980–2014 (1980=1) Contributions to growth 1950–2014 A fairly reliable analysis Wide consensus on proximate causes: • small average firm size, low propensity to grow and innovate, comparatively few large firms; • poor public services (e.g., justice, education); • resource misallocation, low ICT diffusion, poor management practices, ‘low-skills trap’. So, the four large post-1990 shocks (globalisation, ICT revolution, China/India, EMU) shocks were less opportunities for growth than ‘fetters’ to it. Some data: TFP and misallocation ‘[I]f in 2013 misallocation had remained at its 1995 level…productivity would have been 18% higher in manufacturing [and] 67% higher in services’. Calligaris et al. (2016, 32) They also find that misallocation: • is due far more to its within component than to its between component (sector, size, geo); • grew esp. in North-West and among large firms. Moreover, misallocation grew despite rising product market competition (thanks to single market, €). Intermediate causes: institutions That analysis suggests that Italy’s transition from a catch-up growth model to one based more on frontier/endogenous innovation was incomplete. This suggests that institutions (North: ‘rules of the game’) are the main intermediate causes, as they: • determine the efficiency of product and factor markets; • more generally, they shape the incentives to invest and innovate. -
The Financial Crisis in the German and English Press
DAS0010.1177/0957926514536956Discourse & SocietyBickes et al. 536956research-article2014 Article Discourse & Society 2014, Vol. 25(4) 424 –445 The financial crisis in the © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: German and English press: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav DOI: 10.1177/0957926514536956 Metaphorical structures in the das.sagepub.com media coverage on Greece, Spain and Italy Hans Bickes, Tina Otten and Laura Chelsea Weymann Leibniz University of Hanover, Germany Abstract The German media presentation of the so-called Greek financial crisis caused an unexpected uproar in Germany. An anti-Greek sentiment evolved and spread among German citizens and solidarity for crisis-hit Greece was mostly rejected. Public surveys revealed that many Germans even wanted Greece to exit the Eurozone immediately. This article highlights the crucial role of the media in shaping the negative public opinion. In 2010, a period which has lately been referred to as Greek bashing, the German press had discussed the Greek financial crisis heatedly and controversially. Europe’s largest daily newspaper, BILD, published numerous reports that implicitly and explicitly constituted the myth of the corrupt and lazy Greeks in comparison to the hard-working Germans. In 2012, the crisis had spread much further, and not only Greece but other countries too were suffering from high debt, economic stagnation and unemployment. The news coverage became more moderate and conciliating and presented the dramatic social consequences for the respective population. This study highlights not only the development of the German media’s tenor on the Greek crisis through time, but adds an international perspective and widens the view by comparing the media treatment of the different countries involved. -
A a Restricrted
'a A RESTRICrTED Report No. EA-81 Public Disclosure Authorized This report was prepared for use within the Bank. In making it available to others, the Bank assumes no responsibility to them for the accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein. INTERNATIONAL BANK FOR RECONSTRUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENT ECONOMIC POSITION AND PROSPECTS OF ITALY Public Disclosure Authorized February 18, 1958 Public Disclosure Authorized Department of Operations Europe, Africa and Australasia Conversion Rates of Italian Currency U.S. $1 - Lit. 625 Lit. 1 = U.S. $9.0016 Lit. 1,000,000 U.S. $1,600 TABLE CF CONTENTS CHARTS BASIC DATA SUMMliARY AND CONCLUSIONS I. GENERAL INTRODUCTION . 1 NATIONAL INCOME . 1 CONSUMPTION . .. *. .. ..... .. 1 INVETMFNT . .s . o EMPLOYMNT AND UNEMPLOYMENT. 3 II. SPECIFIC ECONOMIC SECTCRS AGRICULTURE . 4 MINING AND ENERGY . 5 INDUSTRY . .o 7 CONSTRUCTION AND SERVICES . .. .. .. 7 III. MONETARY, FINANCIAL AND FISCAL POSITION PRICES AND WAGES . o .. .o. 0 . .0. 0 . 8 MONEY MARKET AND CAPITAL MARKET . ... .. oo 8 PUBLIC FINANCES. .. 10 IV. EKTERNAL ACCOUNTS FOREIGN TRADE . .. 11 BALANCE OF PAYMENTS . .. 11 OREDTWORTHINESS. 13 STATISTICAL APPENDIX I TALY SUPPLY AND USE OF RESOURCES - 1956 (PERCENT OF GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT AT MARKET PRICES) SUP Y :.--... .'-..-'"..':.'-..*..................*- . .. ..- . USE. SUPPLY * SE TRANSPORT AND PUBLIC CONSUMPTION OMMUNICATION 7%.o 8% PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION COMMERCE, SERVICES CREDIT, INSURANCE, RENTS PRIVATE AGRICULTURE,> 70% oFORESTS AND TOTAL CONSUMPTIONz FISHERIES - GROSS 22% NATIONAL TOTAL z MINING 1% PRODUCT AVAltL- 100%/ ABILITIES 0:4% L CONSTRUCTIONWATlR 2%- 114%~/ 6% MANUFACTURING 32% z GROSS INVESTMENT 22 1/2% IMPORTS OF -Jmø_ EXPORTS OF GOODS AND SERVICES DAND SERVCES . .%.3% 1 .