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© Wood Products Council resources are being managed today.

Every year an average American uses the equivalent of a 100 foot tree plus 613 pounds of paper.

Today’s topics Laying the Groundwork Laying the Groundwork Oregon’s forests Logging and Beyond Geologic and settlement history

Cutting and Logging Today The nation’s first forest management law Intensive Forest Management Model Ryan Ridge – The Model at Work Oregon’s Other Forest – Old Growth The US has less than 6% In Today’s Terms – Wood and the of the world’s population Environment but consumes more than 30% of the world’s resources 10000 Lumber Output-Major U. S.Sources 9000 OREGON TIMBER HARVEST by OWNER 1999-2007 8000 OR Timber Harvest 1983-2007

7000

8,000 6000 Industry Harvest Texas 7,000 US Forest Service N. Carolina Bureau of Land Management Idaho 6,000 5000 ODF & Land Board Mississippi Non Industrial Alabama 5,000 Georgia Other 4000 California Total 4,000 Washington Oregon 3,000 Million Feet Board 3000

2,000 Oregon Washington California 2000 1,000 Georgia Alabama Mississippi 0 Idaho 9 1000 9 N. Carolina 9 1 1 0 0 3 Texas 2 0 0 5 2 0 0 7 Year Harvested 2 0 0 Source:WWPA 2 0 1983 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007

Oregon’s Forests Western OR Geology

28 million acres of forests (45%) Coast Range – Sea level to 4097 ft. Federal = 57% Willamette Valley and other western valleys Private Industrial Forest = 22% Cascade Range – 1000 to 11,239 ft. Oregon has lost only 8% of it’s forestland to other uses since 1900

28 MM acres is just a bit more than the area of Tennessee.

OR Geophysical Map OR Rainfall Map Logging History

Initial settlement via Oregon Trail, 1850’s, mainly farmers and merchants Logger/Lumberman immigration to forested western OR valleys – 1890’s Topping the Spar Fallers on the Spring Board

A Good Days Work – Coast Range, 1899

Spar and Steam Donkey in Action

Douglas fir returned on its own As luck would have it… in most cutover areas Douglas fir is a pioneer species When events like fire, wind throw, or logging allows lots of light to hit the ground Douglas fir will move in rapidly In the Rockies lodgepole pine is a pioneer species Getting Oregon-ized

Oregon Forest Practices Act, 1971 First state forest management law requiring reforestation in any state in US

Many private industrial forestlands were being reforested prior to the passage of OFPA (Weyco started in 1951)

OR Reforestation Requirements Today’s topics

Must replant w/commercially viable Laying the Groundwork species within 2 years of harvest Logging and Beyond

Five years after harvest Cutting and Logging Today Must have 200 trees per acre Intensive Forest Management Model Trees must be 4 ½ feet high Ryan Ridge – The Model at Work Must be “free to grow” Oregon’s Other Forest – Old Growth In Today’s Terms - Wood and the Many forested states, still have no Environment comparable requirement

Logging in Oregon Hand Cutting the Timber

The following series of pictures depicts various aspects of logging in western Oregon

Rotation – the length of time between regeneration harvests - Weyerhaeuser manages on a 50 year rotation in western Oregon Historical Cut Humboldt Cut

This Is the Most Dangerous Job in Logging

Machine Cutting

Yarding, Processing, & Loading

Choker Setters and Hook Tender Intensive Management Model Site preparation

Site Preparation – Year 1 Planting (w /“super tree stock”) Year 1 Pre-commercial thinning Fertilization Commercial Thinning Planting (Nursery) “Super Tree” Program

Began process 30-35 years ago Process steps Select Trees (2 years) Evaluate (5-8 years) Establish seed orchard (5 years) Collect seed (Ongoing)

Numerous seed orchards exist on private and agency lands throughout the northwest

Select the “Super Trees” Evaluate the “Super Trees”

Establish the Seed Orchard Collect Seed for Nursery Lifting Storage

Planting Inspection

450 tree/acre, 10’ x 10’ apart 500-700 trees per person January thru mid-April Wimps need not apply!

Intensive Management Model Pre-commercial Thinning

Site Preparation Planting (and “super tree program”) Pre-commercial thinning – age 12 to 17 Fertilization Commercial Thinning Intensive Management Model Fertilization

Site Preparation Planting (and “super tree program”) Pre-commercial thinning – age 12 to 17 Fertilization – age 20 Commercial Thinning

Fertilization Intensive Management Model

Site Preparation Planting (and “super tree program”) Pre-commercial thinning – age 12 to 17 Fertilization – age 20 Commercial Thinning – First, about age 25-35

Commercial Thinning Commercial Thinning Intensive Management Model Today’s topics

Site Preparation Laying the Groundwork Planting (and “super tree program”) Logging and Beyond

Pre-commercial thinning – age 12 to 17 Cutting and Logging Today Intensive Forest Management Model

Fertilization – age 20 Ryan Ridge – The Model at Work Commercial Thinning – First, about Oregon’s Other Forest – Old Growth age 25-35 In Today’s Terms - Wood and the Next – Come back at the end of the Environment rotation and start it again!

Ryan Ridge – Case History Site Prep -1968

Logged - 1945 by Dollar Lumber Co. Land purchased by Weyerhaeuser in late-1960’s This photo series tracks change over time on Ryan Ridge

Note: The “super tree” program was not in place at the time Ryan Ridge was planted.

Planted - 1969 1970 – Year 2 Early in 1973-Still Dormant Late in 1973

CEO Visit - 1973 1974 – Year 5

1976 – Year 7 1983 – Year 14 1991- Year 22 1992 – Year 23

Weyerhaeuser team reviewing the potential for a commercial thin

1995 – Year 26 Today’s topics

Laying the Groundwork Logging and Beyond Cutting and Logging Today Intensive Forest Management Model Ryan Ridge – The Model at Work Oregon’s Other Forest – Old Growth Some Final Nuggets and Discussion

Douglas Fir Old Growth The Working Woods Ecosystem Characteristics

Large, old trees Multi-layered, diverse canopy Down Logs Snags Adequate Size Large, Old Douglas Fir (200+ yr)

Lungwort – a treetop lichen

This particular lungwort is a nitrogen fixer, like peanuts and peas. It is found high in the Douglas fir Canopy.

Douglas Fir Old Growth Ecosystem Characteristics Multi-layered, Diverse Canopy Large, old trees

Multi-layered, diverse canopy Down Logs Snags Adequate Size Young DF Multi Layer

Marbled Murrelet Red Tree Vole Douglas Fir Old Growth Ecosystem Characteristics Down Logs

Large, old trees Multi-layered, diverse canopy

Down Logs Snags Adequate Size

Douglas Fir Old Growth Nurse Logs Ecosystem Characteristics

Large, old trees Multi-layered, diverse canopy Down Logs

Snags Adequate Size

Snags-standing dead trees Douglas Fir Old Growth Ecosystem Characteristics

Large, old trees Multi-layered, diverse canopy Down Logs Snags

Adequate Size

Adequate Size Today’s topics

In an area of 40 acres or more that contains the Laying the Groundwork other four characteristics throughout, only that Logging and Beyond which is 1/8 mile from the edge would qualify as Cutting and Logging Today an old growth ecosystem Intensive Forest Management Model

A forty acre square would be ¼ mile on each Ryan Ridge – The Model at Work edge Oregon’s Other Forest – Old Growth Six-hundred forty acres (1 square mile) of old growth would contain 390 acres of an old In Today’s Terms - Wood and the growth ecosystem Environment

Why Wood? Management Tradeoffs

Managed or Open Unmanaged or Renewable resource Grown Tree Crowded Tree To determine the Late wood Carbon dioxide absorption, oxygen trees age count the (darker) rings late wood rings production and carbon sink Early wood Less energy commitment than other (lighter) rings materials Pith (center)

9 years old 34 years old

100% juvenile Approx. 25% wood juvenile, 75% mature wood Sofitel Water Tower Hotel Oregon’s Tallest DF 20 East Chestnut