The following supplement accompanies the article

Functional role of the soft coral Dendronephthya australis in the benthic food web of temperate estuaries

Michael Corry*, David Harasti, Troy Gaston, Debashish Mazumder, Tom Cresswell, Natalie Moltschaniwskyj

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Marine Ecology Progress Series 593: 61–72 (2018)

Table S1 The δ15N and δ13C values (‰) of organisms collected from soft coral and sponge habitats.

Samples n Mean δ15N SE Mean δ13C SE Carbon Sources Dissolved Organic Matter 2 -24.4 0.2 Sediment Organic Matter 2 - 6.7 0.3 Particulate Organic Matter 3 5.9 0.5 -21.4 0.5 Zooplankton(>500um) 2 5.4 0.1 -14.9 0.6 Zooplankton(250-500um) 2 5.6 0.0 -19.8 0.4 Zooplankton(125-150um) 2 5.9 0.5 -16.4 0.5 Halophyla ovalus 2 5.9 0.9 -12.2 1.2 Posidonia australis 1 7.3 -8.9 P. australis Epiphyte 2 7.6 0.1 -7.6 0.3 Demospongia (class) Echinoclathria sp 5 8.1 0.1 -20.3 0.0 Siphonochalina sp 5 8.3 0.1 -20.4 0.1 Holopsamma sp 5 8.1 0.1 -20.1 0.1 Scyphozoa (class) Jellyfish 1 11.8 -18.3 Octocorallia (subclass) Dendronephthya australis 5 9.6 0.1 -12.6 0.3 Ophiuroidea (class) Pitilometra australia 7 8.7 0.1 -12.1 0.2 Ophiopeza Cylindrica 3 9.0 0.2 -10.6 0.5 Echinoidea (class) Phyllacanthus parvispinus 3 12.7 0.2 -16.1 0.3 Holothuroidea (class) Seacucumber 9 8.2 0.3 -13.8 0.2 Polychaeta (class) Segmented Worm 1 12.7 -18.0 (class) Sea Snails 2 12.2 0.6 -17.9 0.4 (clade) Elysia (chlorplast eater) 1 6.7 -18.0 Aplysis parvula (algae eater) 1 5.8 -31.1 Cypraeoidea (family)

1 Samples n Mean δ15N SE Mean δ13C SE lineata 1 10.8 -18.3 Dimnovolva cavanghi 5 11.1 0.2 -18.6 0.4 Globovula cavanaghi 1 11.2 -6.3 Phenacovolva rosea 2 11.1 0.2 -18.3 0.1 Bivalvia (class) Fulvia tenuicostata 1 8.2 -19.3 Cephalopoda (class) Sepia plangon 10 10.6 0.2 -18.2 0.2 Tetricus sp 6 10.5 0.2 -18.2 0.1 Sepia mestus 1 11.5 -18.2 Nudibranchia (clade) Chromodoris splendida 3 9.9 0.1 -18.9 0.1 Ceratosoma amoenum 8 9.0 0.3 -19.1 0.2 Hypselodoris bennetti 5 9.6 0.1 -19.0 0.2 Dermatobranchus sp 6 10.7 0.1 -18.6 0.1 Malacostraca (class) Hyastenus elastus 17 12.0 0.1 -17.8 0.1 Crab Sp 2 8 11.8 0.1 -17.6 0.1 Crab Sp 3 4 11.8 0.1 -17.8 0.1 Crab Sp 4 3 11.8 0.1 -17.5 0.1 Actaea carcharias 3 11.8 0.2 -16.7 0.1 Paguroidea 4 9.4 0.2 -14.9 0.4 Crab Sp 1 3 9.9 0.2 -11.3 0.6 Allogalathea elegans 2 8.7 0.2 -14.1 0.4 Oncinopus neptunus 1 9.2 -15.6 Amphipod 3 9.6 0.2 -18.4 0.3 Isopod 2 9.2 0.4 -15.7 0.5 Osteichthyes (superclass) Enneapterygius atrogulare 5 11.9 0.1 -18.0 0.3 Parma microlepis 1 12.4 -17.9 Austrolabrus maculatus 1 11.8 -18.3 Istigobius hoesei 1 12.7 -17.2 Pseudomombus jenynsii 1 13.4 -17.0 Crysophrys auratus 3 13.4 0.2 -17.5 0.2 Scorpaena jacksoniensis 3 13.4 0.4 -17.6 0.3 Aseraggodes sp. 3 13.4 0.2 -17.1 0.2 Brachaluteres jacksonianus 10 12.8 0.2 -17.8 0.2 Eocallionymus papilio 3 11.7 0.4 -17.9 0.1 Anoplocapros inermis 1 11.6 -18.4 Dendrochirus brachypterus 1 12.3 -18.3 Atypichthys strigatus 6 11.8 0.1 -18.5 0.2 Ophthalmolepis lineolata 3 12.1 0.1 -18.3 0.2 Hypoplectrodes maccullochi 7 13.0 0.2 -17.7 0.2 Vincentia novaehollandiae 5 12.2 0.1 -18.6 0.2 Upeneichthys lineatus 1 10.9 -17.3 Apogon limenus 1 12.5 -18.4 Platycephalus fuscus 1 12.9 -16.5 Centropogon australis 7 12.5 0.1 -17.7 0.1 Notolabrus gymnogenis 1 13.5 -17.0 Mecanenichthys immaculatus 6 12.9 0.2 -18.1 0.0

2 Samples n Mean δ15N SE Mean δ13C SE Nelusetta ayraudi 3 11.4 0.3 -19.1 0.6 Monacanthus chinensis 1 11.3 -18.2 Syngnathidae (family) Hippocampus whitei 11 12.2 0.1 -16.4 0.1 Filicampus tigris 3 11.0 0.5 -18.0 0.1 Festaculex cintus 3 11.4 0.4 -17.5 0.2 Elasmobranchii (subclass) Orectolobus ornatus 1 13.7 -16.5

Table S2 The mean δ13C and δ15N values (‰) of eight sampled in December 2014 and August 2015. Sample size (n) for winter and summer collections is shown in brackets. Species δ13C Dec 2014 SE δ13C Aug 2015 SE Dendronephthya australis -14.5(5) 0.3 -15.3 (3) 0.5 Pitilometra australia -12(7) 0.2 -12.1(3) 1.8 Hyastenus elastus -17.9(17) 0.1 -17.6(3) 0.1 Holopsamma sp -21.1(5) 0.1 -21.5(3) 0.1 Echinoclathria sp -21.4(5) 0.0 -21.8(3) 0.1 Siphonochalina sp -22.4(5) 0.1 -22.4(3) 0.2 Dimnovolva cavanghi -19.2(5) 0.4 -18.1(1) - Chromodoris splendida -19.1(3) 0.1 -18.7(1) - δ15N Dec 2014 SE δ15N Aug 2015 Dendronephthya australis 9.6(5) 0.1 9.3(3) 0.1 Pitilometra australia 8.7(7) 0.2 9.1(3) 0.3 Hyastenus elastus 12(17) 0.1 12(3) 0.1 Holopsamma sp 8.1(5) 0.1 7(3) 0.0 Echinoclathria sp 8.1(5) 0.1 7.2(3) 0.0 Siphonochalina sp 8.3(5) 0.1 7(3) 0.0 Dimnovolva cavanghi 11.1(5) 0.2 11.1(1) - Chromodoris splendida 9.9(3) 0.1 9.7(1) -

3 Table S3 Tukey HSD Post Hoc test for mean δ15N values (‰) of feeding groups collected from soft coral and sponge habitats. Different columns represent significant difference between group means. Subset for alpha = 0.05 Feeding Group n 1 2 3 Filter Feeder 33 8.6909 Deposit Feeder 27 8.9704 Grazer 31 10.1 Omnivore 56 11.8731 Planktivore 34 12.0971 Carnivore 56 12.2464

Table S4 Tukey HSD Post Hoc test for mean δ13C values (‰) of soft coral D. australis and three sponge species. Different columns represent significant difference between group means. Subset for alpha = 0.05 Habitat n 1 2 Echinoclathria sp 5 -20.360 Siphonochalina sp 5 -20.340 Holopsamma sp 5 -20.140 Dendronephthya australis 5 - 12.578

Table S5 Tukey HSD Post Hoc test for mean δ15N values (‰) of soft coral D. australis and three sponge species. Different columns represent significant difference between group means.

Subset for alpha = 0.05 Habitat n 1 2 Echinoclathria sp 5 8.100 Siphonochalina sp 5 8.260 Holopsamma sp 5 8.080 Dendronephthya australis 5 9.633

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