C URRICULUM V ITAE

NAME Peter Erich Konrad, MD, PhD, FAIMBE FAANS

TITLE Director of Functional Professor of Neurosurgery (Tenured) & Biomedical Engineering Vanderbilt University Medical Center

ADDRESS Department of Neurosurgery Room T-4224; MCN Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville, Tennessee 37232 Phone: (615) 343-9822 – academic office (615) 322-7417 – clinical appointments FAX: (615) 343-6948 E-mail: [email protected]

EDUCATION MEDICAL Residency 6/92 -12/97 Neurosurgery; Vanderbilt University Internship 7/91- 6/92 General surgery; Indiana University Undergraduate 8/85- 4/91 M.D.; Indiana University GRADUATE Doctoral 8/85-6/88 Ph.D.; Purdue University Thesis: Neurophysiological Characteristics of the Motor Evoked Potential in Rats, Cats and Dogs Master's 8/83-8/85 M.S.; Purdue University Thesis: The Implantable Arterial Pulse Sensor UNDERGRADUATE 8/79-5/83 B.A.; Rockford College HIGH SCHOOL 8/75-5/79 Diploma; Rockford East High PETER KONRAD, MD, PhD - CURRICULUM VITAE 2

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES CLINICAL APPOINTMENTS 10/00 - present Director of Functional Neurosurgery; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 1/98 - present Full Time Faculty; Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1/98 - present Staff Neurosurgeon; Veterans Administration Hospital, Nashville, TN 7/98 – 12/07 Provisional Staff Physician; St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN 1/98 – 7/07 Consultant Physician; Metropolitan Nashville General Hospital, Nashville, TN 7/98 – 12/00 Chief of Neurosurgery; Veterans Administration Hospital, Nashville, TN 7/92 – 12/97 Resident Physician, Vanderbilt University Medical Center 7/91 – 6/92 Surgical Intern, Indiana University Hospital

ACADEMIC APPOINTMENTS 1/14-present Professor of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering – Tenured; Vanderbilt University 5/05-12/13 Associate Professor of Neurosurgery and Biomedical Engineering – Tenured; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1/98-5/05 Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 6/00-9/00 Acting Chair, Department of Neurological Surgery; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 1/98-5/05 Assistant Professor of Biomedical Engineering; Vanderbilt University School of Medicine 8/86-5/87 Lab Instructor, Medical Physiology, Purdue University 5/83-8/83 Instructor, Vertebrate Physiology, Rockford College

MEDICAL LICENSURE 1998-present Tennessee: MD30010

MEDICAL BOARDS 2004 Board certified, American Board of Neurological Surgeons 1992 Diplomat, National Board of Medical Examiners ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES ORGANIZATIONS American Association of Neurological Surgeons (Fellow, 2012) American Society for Engineering Education American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering (Fellow – 2010) Congress of Neurological Surgeons • Scientific Program Committee, CNS Annual Meeting, 2013 Phi Beta Kappa Sigma Xi Tennessee Neurosurgical Society The Facial Pain Association The Vanderbilt Meacham Society (President 2003-4, 2006-7) The Movement Disorder Society The North American Neuromodulation Society – NANS • Treasurer 2013-2015 • Director-at-Large 2009-2013 • Scientific Program Co-Chair, NANS Annual Meeting, 2013 • Executive Council, 2013 American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery - ASSFN • Board of Directors – 2010-2014 • Scientific Co-Chair, Scientific Program ASSFN Biennial Meeting, 2012 (San Francisco, CA) World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery

AREAS OF RESEARCH INTEREST Deep brain stimulation Clinical of motor systems Neuroprosthetics and artificial restoration of neurological function Optical stimulation and detection of neurological activation

AWARDS Professional 2007, -12 “America’s Top Surgeons”, 2012 edition of the Consumers’ Research Council of America 2011 Elected as Fellow of the American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering. www.aimbe.org/membership/college-of-fellows 2008-12 Patient’s Choice Award: “One of Tennessee’s Favorite Physicians”; American Registry www.AmericanRegistry.com and www.PatientsChoice.org 2009-13 Best Doctors in America 2009-11 Five Star Award: Excellence in Healthcare Awards, Vanderbilt University Medical Center 2007 Biomedical Engineering Distinguished Lecturer, Purdue University Graduate Student Association 2006 Vanderbilt University Chancellor’s Research Award 2005-6 Best Doctors in America 2000 Who’s Who in the World 1999 Who’s Who in Medicine and Healthcare Who’s Who in Science and Engineering 1996 Featured Alumnus - Hillenbrand Biomedical Engineering Center; Purdue University

Medical School Medical Scientist Scholar Lila B. Loudan Scholarship Graduate School Presidential Merit M.D./Ph.D. Scholarship NDM Fellow Geddes-Laufman-Greatbatch Award Who's Who in Veterinary Science and Medicine Outstanding Young Men of America Undergraduate Honors at Entrance Scholar Presidential Scholarship Sigma Xi Award E. Melvin Gindler Award American Institute of Chemists Award Who's Who Among Students in American Colleges And Universities

EDITORIAL ACTIVITIES 2009-2011 Reviewer – IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems & Rehabilitation Engineering 2008-present Reviewer – Journal of Neural Engineering 2007-present Reviewer – Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 2002-2010 Reviewer – Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 2006 Reviewer – Magnetic Resonance Imaging 2004-2010 Reviewer – Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 1995-1998 Reviewer – Journal of Spinal Disorders

CONSULTING POSITIONS 2009-present Medical Advisor. Global Injury Institute. A clinical research organization focused on advancing technology for the improvement of mobility and function in spinal cord injured patients. No revenues or fees received. 2007-present Founding member and Chief Medical Officer. Neurotargeting, LLC. A company formed to develop global access to the physiological brain atlas database – Cranial Vault. NIH STTR award – see below. Revenues received as Board member and royalties. 2002-present Consultant / Speakers Bureau / Grants. Medtronic, Inc. Neuromodulation. Minneapolis, MN. Honoraria received for invited talks (non-CME) and advisory board activities. Grant support noted below. 2002-present Consultant. Fred Haer Corporation, Bowdoinham, ME. Honoraria received (2002-2006, 2010) for Professional teaching (non-CME). 2009 Consultant. Boston Scientific, Neuromodulation. Valencia, CA. DBS and pain management related devices. Consulting fees received. 2009 Consultant. CVRx Inc. A company focused on developing devices to control blood-pressure. No revenues or fees received. 2003-2005 Consultant. Z-Kat Corporation. Hollywood, FL. No fees received.

RESEARCH GRANTS

2012-2015 PI. A Universal Brain Atlas for Implanting and Managing Deep Brain Stimulators. NIH- NIMH 9R42MH100007-03. 10% effort. 9/1/12-7/31/15. $2,699,932 awarded to Neurotargeting, LLC.

2012-2015 PI. Restoration of Standing and Walking through Intraspinal Microstimulation (ISMS) in Humans. USARMAA Spinal Cord Injury Research Program (SCIRP): SC110029. $925,532 awarded to Vanderbilt.

2011-2014 Co-Investigator. Computer-assisted functional neurosurgery. PI: Benoit Dawant, Ph.D., NIH-NIBIB, 2 R01-EB006136. $2,300,000 awarded to Vanderbilt.

2010-2012 Co-investigator. Neurophotonics Research Center. PI: E Duco Jansen, PhD. DARPA via Southern Methodist University. HR0011-10-1-0074. $136,658.

2006-present PI. Implantable Systems Performance Registry (ISPR). Medtronic Neurological Inc.~$100,000 / year.

2009-2012 PI. Fellowship Funding. Medtronic Neurological. 0% effort. $25,000/ year to fund Functional Fellowship for Neurosurgeons.

2009-2012 PI. A Universal Brain Atlas for Implanting and Managing Deep Brain Stimulators. NIH- NINDS, 1 R41 NS063705-01A1. 10% effort. 9/15/09-8/31/12. $692,000 awarded to Neurotargeting, LLC.

2006-2011 Co-investigator. Safety and Tolerability of Neurostimulation in Early Stage Parkinson’s Disease. PI: P. David Charles. Medtronic Neurological Inc. 0% effort. $650, 000.

2006-2010 Co-Investigator. Computer-assisted functional neurosurgery. PI: Benoit Dawant, Ph.D., NIH-NIBIB, 1 R01-EB006136. 9.7% effort. $2,039,806.

2005-2010 Investigator. Optical stimulation of neural tissue. PI: E. Duco Jansen, Ph.D., NIH-NINDS, R01-NS052407-03. 5% effort. $1,748,851.

2005-2009 Consultant. Multimodal registration of the brain’s cortical surface. PI: Michael I. Miga, Ph.D., NIH-NINDS, R01 NS049251-03. 0%, effort. $970,897.

2005-2009 Investigator. Development of an optical /brain stimulator. PI: Jonathan Wells, Ph.D., NIH/NINDS/NIBIB (SBIR – Phase II with Aculight). R43-NS51926-01. 0% effort. $202,284.

2003–2008 Principle investigator. Optical stimulation of neural tissue in rat. Medical Free Electron Laser Center. Dept. of Defense. F49620-01-1-0429. 10% effort. $50,000/yr.

2003–2005 Consultant. High resolution multimodal imaging of neuronal circuits in hippocampal slices. PI: Robert Bodenheimer. SPAWAR SYSTEMS/DARPA/NAVY, Department of Defense DSR #16966. 5% effort, $350,000.00.

2000-2006 Co-investigator. Dose-escalation trial of continuously infused recombinant-methionyl human glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor for the treatment of PSP. PI: Thomas Chase, MD. 5% effort. $85,000/yr. direct cost. NIH #00-N-0145.

2000-2003 Principle investigator. Optical stimulation of neural tissue in rat and frog. Medical Free Electron Laser Center. N00014-99-1-0779. 10% effort. Dept. of Defense. $45,770.

1999-2004 Faculty. Research Experiences for Undergraduates for Technology Guided Therapy. PI: Robert Galloway, Ph.D. $312,5000. NSF #EEC-9820566. 0% effort., $62,500 direct cost.

1999–2001 Co-Investigator. Use of the FEL in resection of benign brain tumors in humans. Medical Free Electron Laser Center. PI: Dr. Michael Copeland. 0% effort. Center for Medical and Materials Research with FELs, Office of Naval Research, Contract #N00014-94-1-1023.

1998–1999 Consultant. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose-Escalation trial of Intracerebroventricular Recombinant-Methionyl Human Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (r-metHuGDNF) for the Treatment of Patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s Disease. PI: Thomas Davis. Amgen / Medtronic. 0% effort.

1998–1999 PI. Welding of Peripheral Using the FEL laser. Medical Free Electron Laser Fellowship Program. N00014-94-1-1023. Dept. of Defense. 0% effort. Fellow: Dr. Haifeng Chen. $50,000.

TEACHING / ACADEMIC Teaching: 2008-present Applied Neuroanatomy in Neurosurgery. Neuroanatomy. PSY-274. 1 hour lecture. Anna Roe, PhD – course director. 2005-present Optical diagnosis: Principles and applications. Biomedical Engineering undergraduate course. EE-140. 1 hour lecture. Anita Mahedevan-Jansen, PhD – course director. 2005-present Therapeutic Biomedical Engineering. Biomedical Engineering graduate course. BME-275. 1 hour lecture. Bob Galloway, PhD – course director. 2002-2012 Neurosurgery Core Concepts and ICU management. Third year surgical lectures. VSM-III. 1 hr lecture per term. Kim Loomis, MD – course director. Awarded Good Teacher - 2002. Administrative Duties: 2011-12 Technology Transfer and Commercialization FAC. Vanderbilt University 2006-10 Advisory Board. Purdue University Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering. 2008 Committee member. Orthopedic Surgery Chair Search committee. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. 2008-2009 Executive Faculty Research Council. Member. Vanderbilt University. 2007-2009 Committee chair. Spinal Cord Injury Institute Development. Vanderbilt University. 2006-2008 External advisor. Indiana University School of Medicine, MD/PhD Training Program. 2005-2006 Chair. FEL Director Search Committee. Vanderbilt University. 2000-2001 Committee member. Neurology Chair Search committee. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. NIH Study Sections: 2007-present Reviewer. ZRG1 NTK E (10) B: Clinical Neurophysiology, Devices and Neuroprosthetics. 2009 Reviewer. ETTN (C) 02: Neurotechnology Study Section.

Professional Courses / Conferences: 2012-13 Scientific Co-Chairman. North American Neuromodulation Society Annual Meeting. LasVegas, NV. Dec 2013. 2012-13 Scientific Planning Committee. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting. SanFrancisco, CA. Oct 2013. 2012 Scientific Co-Chairman. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery. Annual Meeting. SanFrancisco, CA. June 3-6, 2012. 2011 AANS Featured course. Trigeminal Neuralgia: Surgical Options. iTunes U download. http://www.aans.org/iPod%20Touch%20Initiatives/AANS%20on%20iTunes%20U.aspx 2011 Faculty. 2011 Board Review Coarse for the American Board of Medical Specialties – Pain Medicine. August 3, 2011. St. Louis, MO. 2011 Faculty. DBS: Update on Tremor. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting. Denver, CO April 9-13, 2011. 2008-present Faculty. Vanderbilt Interventional Pain Fellowship. ACGME Accredited 2008. 2002–present Use of StarFix miniature stereotactic frame. Course for neurosurgeons, neurologists and neurophysiologists on the use of the microTargeting Platform®. FHC, Inc. 2010 Faculty. Spinal Cord Stimulation: Comprehensive Review Course and Cadaver Workshop. Memphis, TN, Sept 17-18, 2010. http://www.asipp.org/documents/0910-Memphis- SCS_010.pdf 2009 DBS: Rapid prototyped frames. WSSFN Workshop on Stereotactic Approaches: Technical Advances. Toronto, CA May 2009. 2006–2009 Faculty. “Activa University: Frameless Stereotaxy”. Medtronic sponsored course for neurosurgeons on the use of StarFix stereotaxy system. 2004-2006 Faculty. “Activa University: Focus on Patient Selection”. Medtronic sponsored physicians course on DBS therapy. 2001 Director. Patient conference on stimulation and central neuropathic pain. Sept. 14, 2001. Sponsored by Medtronic, Inc. 2001 Co-Director. Epilepsy: Progress and Possibilities. An epilepsy patient forum. Vanderbilt University Medical Center. 1999–2004 Faculty. Research experiences for undergraduates for technology guided therapy. NSF grant administered through Department of Biomedical Engineering. 1999, 2003 Surgical implantation of the vagal nerve stimulator. Cyberonics Hands-On Workshop. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN. 1998–2000 Course Director. Spine Workshop for Residents. Vanderbilt University Medical Center.

Post-Doctoral Fellows: 2013-2015 Jason Agran, MD PhD. Neurosurgical Research Fellow: Functional Neurosurgery. Nested New Investigator Award: Restoration of Standing and Walking in Humans Using ISMS. USArmy SCIRP: SC110029. 2009-2011 Jonathan Forbes, MD. Neurosurgical Research Fellow: Head injury mechanisms and treatment. Senior Neurosurgical Society Module Award 2011: Microvascular Decompression: Video Publication Demonstrating Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances AANS Synthese Craniofacial Award for Research in Neurotrauma 2010: Biomechanics of SDH in American Football CNS “Top 10 Abstract” Award 2010: Open Thoracic as a Viable Treatment Option for Severe, Debilitating, Treatment-Refractory Pain 2009-2010 Todd Shanks, MD. Functional Neurosurgery Clinical Fellow. Current position: Director-DBS surgery program. Norton Neurosciences Institute of Kentucky. Louisville, KY.

2008 Todd Shanks, MD. Neurosurgical Functional Research rotation. Deep Brain Stimulator surgery clinical training (3 months special rotation). University of Louisville.

2006-2008 David Sun, MD, PhD. Neurosurgical Functional Research Fellow: Clinical outcomes of epilepsy surgery. Vanderbilt University. Current position: Functional neurosurgeon. Norton Neurosciences Institute of Kentucky. Louisville, KY.

2005–2007 Hong Yu, MD. Neurosurgical Functional Research Fellow: Physiological brain atlas development for deep brain stimulation. Vanderbilt University. Current position: Assistant Professor of Neurosurgery (Functional Neurosurgery). Stanford University. Palo Alto, CA.

2004-2006 John Spooner, MD. Neurosurgical Functional Research Fellow: Use of miniature stereotactic frames (StarFix system) for DBS. Vanderbilt University. Current position: Private practice neurosurgery. Howell-Allen Group. Nashville, TN.

1998-1999 Haifeng Chen, MD. Neurosurgical Functional Research Fellow (FEL Center): Laser welding of peripheral nerves. Nanjing University, China.

Graduate Student Committees: 2012- Jeremy Winberry. [Somatosensory mapping in primates and humans using NIRS techniques.] Ph.D. candidate. Neuroscience Program. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2010- Ryan James Farris. Design of a powered orthosis for gait assistance in paraplegics. Ph.D. candidate. Mechanical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2010- Hugo Alberto Quintero. Cooperative control of a powered orthosis supplemented with FES for gait assistance in paraplegics. Ph.D. candidate. Mechanical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2005-2013 Jonathan Cayce. Optical characterization of pulsed infrared light evoked cortical brain activity. Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2008-2012 Austin Duke. Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo. Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2005-2010 Sri Pallivadrum, PhD. Standerdizing indirect targeting and building electrophysiological maps for deep brain stimulation surgery after accounting for brain shift. Ph.D. Electrical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2007 Thomas M. Weser award – Vanderbilt University 2009 International Society for Computer Aided Surgery Fellowship Current Position: Post-doctoral fellow, Vanderbilt University.

2004-2007 Zhiyi Zhou, MD. Spatial Characteristics of Cooperative Interactions in the Striate Cortex. Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

2004-2007 Jonathon Wells, MS. Optical Stimulation of the Nervous System Neurons. Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering. Vanderbilt University. Committee member. 2005 Best Student Research Paper, Vanderbilt University Current Position: Medical Research Applications for Optical Stimulation. Lockheed-Martin- Aculight Corporation.

2004-2006 Pierre-Francois D’Haese, MS. Creation of an electrophysiological atlas for the planning and guidance of Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS) implantation. Ph.D. Computer and Electrical Engineering thesis. Completed 1/26/06. Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium. Committee member. Current Position: Research Assistant Professor. Vanderbilt University, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science. Chief Executive and Chief Technology Officer. Neurotargeting, LLC. 2003-2004 Pierre-Francois D’Haese. Toward the creation of an electrophysiological atlas for the pre- operative planning and intra-operative guidance of Deep Brain Stimulator (DBS) implantation. Completed 2004. M.S., Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium. Committee member. 2002-2004 Jonathan Wells. Optical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves in vivo. M.S. Biomedical Engineering, completed 5/2004. Vanderbilt University. Committee member. 1999-2002 Steve Hartmann. Intraoperative identification and display of cortical brain function. Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering dissertation completed 3/8/02. Vanderbilt University. Committee member. Current Position: Engineering Manager. Medtronic Inc. Boulder, CO. 1999-2002 Stephen R. Uhlhorn. Tissue ablation with a free-electron laser: Mechanism and clinical application. Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering dissertation completed 4/10/02. Vanderbilt University. Committee member. 1998-2000 Karthikeyan Mariappan. Optical stimulation of peripheral nerve tissue. M.S. Biomedical Engineering thesis, completed 8/00. Vanderbilt University. Committee member.

Professional School Faculty Advisor Roles (Graduate Level): 2007 Dino DeSantis, BSN. Clinical Preceptor for Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program. Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Spring 2007. 2003 Susan Dengler, BSN. Clinical Preceptor for Acute Care Nurse Practitioner Program. Vanderbilt University School of Nursing. Summer 2003.

PATENTS (DATE FILED) 6/15/11 Apparatus for supporting an adjustable surgical platform. Kao CC, Fitzpatrick M, Labadie RF, Konrad PE. US Patent Application # 13/161,383. 1/26/11 Nerve stimulator and method using simultaneous electrical and optical signals. Wells J, Bendett MP, Webb JS, Lemaire CA, Duke AR, Jansen ED, Konrad PE, Mahadevan-Jansen A. US Patent # 8,498,699 issued on 7/30/13. 1/23/11 Device for treating Parkinson’s disease and Methods of Use Thereof. Kao C, Konrad P, Remple M, Neimat JS, and Charles PD. US Patent Application #13/011,906. 1/17/08 Methods and System for Brain Stimulation. US Patent Application #12/015,892. Kao C, and Konrad P. 1/16/07 System and Methods of Deep Brain Stimulation for Post-Operation Patients. Dawant B, D’Haese P-F, and Konrad P. US Patent #7,957,808 issued on 6/7/2011. 11/7/06 Adjustable Universal Surgical Platform. Kao C, Fitzpatrick M, Labadie R, and Konrad P. US Patent #7,794,469 issued on 9/14/10. 6/14/06 Flat Cut Bit for Cranial Perforator. Kao C, Konrad P, and Humbert G. US Patent #8,152,809 issued on 4//10/12. 3/3/05 System and Methods for Optical Stimulation of Neural Tissues. Mahadevan-Jansen A, Wells J, Jansen E, Konrad P, and Kao C. US Patent #7,951,181 issued on 5/31/11. 7/1/04 Electrophysiological Atlas and Applications of the Same. Dawant B, D’Haese P-F, Konrad P, Kao C, and Centinkaya E. US Patent Application #10/883,233. 4/28/04 Apparatus and Method of Computerized Atlas-Guided Positioning of Deep Brain Stimulators. Dawant B, Li R, Fitzpatrick M, Konrad P, and Centinkaya E. EPO Application 4,750,857. 4/28/04 Apparatus and Methods of Optimal Placement of Deep Brain Stimulators. Dawant B, Konrad P, and Fitzpatrick M. US Patent #7,167,760 issued on 1/23/07. 1/23/03 Methods and Devices for Optical Stimulation of Neural Tissues. Mahadevan-Jansen A, Mariappan K, and Konrad P. US Patent #6,921,413 issued on 7/26/05.

PUBLICATIONS PEER REVIEWED PUBLICATIONS 1. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, Levy WJ, Reedy DP, Cook JR, and Geddes LA. Motor evoked potentials in the dog: Effects of global ischemia on spinal cord and peripheral nerve signals. Neurosurgery 20(1): 117 - 124, 1987. PMID: 3808251 2. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, Bourland JD, Geddes LA, and Hood DL. A new implantable arterial pulse sensor for detection of ventricular fibrillation. Medical Instrumentation 22(6): 304 - 311, 1988. 3. Konrad PE, Geddes LA, Tacker WA, Reuter D, Schooler D, and Dull ST. Existence of a strength-duration curve for spinal cord motor-evoked potentials in cats. Electroencephalgraphy and clinical Neurophysiology 74: 463 - 468, 1989. 4. Dull ST, Konrad PE, and Tacker WA. Amplitude and latency characteristics of spinal cord motor evoked potentials in the rat. and clinical Neurophysiology 77: 68 - 76, 1989. 5. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, Bourland JD, and Geddes LA. Implanted pulse sensors for measuring blood pressure continuously using pulse wave velocity. Journal of Clinical Engineering 14(6): 487 - 491, 1990. 6. Konrad PE and Tacker WA. Suprathreshold brain stimulation activates non-corticospinal motor evoked potentials in cats. Brain Research 522: 14 - 29, 1990. 7. Cook JR, Konrad PE, and Tacker WA. Amplitude and latency characteristics of spinal cord motor-evoked potentials in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 51(9): 1340 - 1344, 1990. 8. Reuter DG, Tacker WA, Badylak SF, Voorhees WD, and Konrad PE. Correlation of motor-evoked potential response to ischemic spinal cord damage. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 104:262 - 272, 1992. 9. Konrad PE, Owen JH, and Bridwell KH. Magnetic stimulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: significance of coil position and the presence of bone. Spine 19(24): 2812-2818, 1994. 10. Reuter DG, Tacker WA, Babbs CF, Badylak SF, Voorhees WD, and Konrad PE. Preliminary results of deferoxamine and L1 treatment of spinal cord ischemia. Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 109: 1017-1019, 1995. 11. Shinomiya K, Dawson J, Spengler D, Konrad PK, and Blumenkopf BB. An analysis of the posterior epidural ligament role on the cervical spinal cord. Spine 21(18): 2081 - 2088, 1996. 12. Millan E, Abou-Khalil BW, Delbeke D, and Konrad PE. Frontal localization of absence seizures demonstrated by ictal positron emission tomography. Epilepsy and Behaviour 2: 54 – 60, 2001. 13. Charles PD, Konrad PE, Fang JY, Battle E, Jacobs BL, and Davis TL. Lead migration in deep brain stimulation. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 7: S76, 2001. 14. Cmelak AJ, Abou-Khalil BW, Konrad PE, Duggan D, and Maciunas RJ. Stereotactic radiosurgery for medically-intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: A case report. Seizure 10(6):442-6, 2001. 15. Garland EM, Anderson JC, Black BK, Kessler RM, Konrad PE, and Robertson D. No increased herniation of the cerebellar tonsils in a group of patients with orthostatic intolerance. Clinical Autonomic Research 12(6): 472-6, 2002. 16. Damian MM, Davis TL, Konrad PE, Roberts AG, Pfister AA, and Charles PD. Deep Brain Stimulation: A New Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease. Tennessee Medicine 96(1): 33-35, 2003. 17. Song J, Abou-Khalil BW, and Konrad PE. Intraventricular monitoring for temporal lobe epilepsy: report on technique and initial results in eight patients. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 74(5): 561-5, 2003. 18. Song J, Burkey B, and Konrad PE. Lateral approach to a neurenteric cyst of the cervical spine: Case presentation and review of surgical technique. Spine 28(4): E81-E85, 2003. 19. Roberts AG, Graves CR, Konrad PE, Groomes TE, Pfister AA, Damian MM, and Charles PD. Intrathecal baclofen pump implantation during pregnancy. Neurology 61(8): 1156-1167, 2003. 20. Padaliya BB, Davis TL, Newman WJ, Konrad PE, Covington CD, Gill CE, Abramovitch AI, and Charles PD. Bilateral internus deep brain stimulation therapy for primary generalized dystonia. Tennessee Medicine 97(7): 317-318, 2004. 21. Charles PD, Padaliya BB, Newman WJ, Covington CD, Gill CE, Fang JY, So SA, Tramontana MG, Konrad PE, and Davis TL. Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus reduces antiparkinsonian medication cost. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders, 10: 475-479, 2004. 22. Wells J, Kao C, Mariappan K, Albea J, Jansen ED, Konrad P, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Optical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo. Optics Letters, 30(5):504-506, 2005. 23. Fitzpatrick JM, Konrad PE, Nickele C, Cetinkaya E, and Kao C. Accuracy of customized miniature stereotactic platforms. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 83 (1): 25–31, 2005. 24. D’Haese P-F , Cetinkaya E, Konrad PE, Kao C, Dawant BM. Computer-aided placement of deep brain stimulators: from planning to intra-operative guidance. IEEE Transactions on , 24(11): 1469-1478, 2005. 25. D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Niermann K, Spooner J, Kao C, Konrad P, Dawant BM. Automatic selection of DBS target points using multiple electrophysiological atlases. Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention 8: 427-434, 2005. 26. Wells J, Kao CC, Jansen ED, Konrad PE, and Mahadevan-Jansen A. Application of infrared light for in vivo neural stimulation. Journal of Biomedical Optics, 10(6): 64003-11, 2005. 27. Schadt CR, Cox KL, Tramontana MG, Byrne DW, Davis TL, Fang JY, Konrad PE, Padaliya B, Mutter RW, Gill CE, Richardson CR, and Charles PD. Depression and intelligence in patients with Parkinson’s disease and deep-brain stimulation. Journal of the National Medical Association, 98 (7): 1121-25, 2006. 28. Yu H, Yao TL, Spooner J, Stumph J, Hester R, and Konrad PE. Delayed occurrence of multiple spinal drop metastases from a posterior fossa choroid plexus papilloma: case report. Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine, 4 (6): 494-496, 2006. 29. Toms SA, Konrad PE, Lin W-C, Weil RJ. Neuro-oncological applications of optical spectroscopy. Technology in Cancer Research and Treatment 5: 231-238, 2006. 30. Gill CE, Konrad PE, Davis TL, and Charles PD. Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson’s Disease: The Vanderbilt University Medical Experience 1998 – 2004. Tennessee Medicine 100(4):45-47, 2007. 31. Spooner J, Yu H, Kao C, Sillay K, and Konrad PE. Modulation of the cingulum for neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury: a case report. Journal of Neurosurgery 107:1-4, 2007. 32. Wells J, Konrad PE, Kao CC, Jansen ED, and Mahadevan-Jansen A. Pulsed laser versus electrical energy for peripheral nerve stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 163: 326-337, 2007. 33. Wells JD, Kao C, Konrad PE, Milner T, Kim J, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Jansen ED. Biophysical mechanisms of transient optical stimulation of peripheral nerve. Biophysical Journal 93: 2567-2580, 2007. 34. Wells JD, Thomsen S, Whitaker P, Jansen ED, Kao CC, Konrad P, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Optically mediated nerve stimulation: Identification of injury thresholds. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 39: 513-526, 2007. 35. Schadt CR, Charles PD, Davis TL, Konrad PE. , DBS-Vim, and DBS-GPi for generalized dystonia: a case report. Tennessee Medicine 100: 38-9, 2007. 36. Al-Kaylani M, Konrad P, Lazenby B, Blumenkopf B, Abou-Khalil B. Seizure freedom off anti-epileptic drugs after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Seizure 16: 95-98, 2007. 37. Pallavaram S, Yu H, Spooner J, D’Haese P-F, Bodenheimer B, Konrad PE, Dawant BM. Inter-surgeon variability in the selection of anterior and posterior commissures and its potential effects on target localization. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 86: 113-119, 2008. (DOI: 10.1159/000116215) 38. Sun DA, Yu H, Spooner J, Tatsas AD, Abel T, Davis T, Kao C, Konrad PE. Postmortem analysis after seventy-one months of deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus for Parkinson’s Disease. Journal of Neurosurgery 109(2):325-329, 2008. 39. Pallavaram S, Dawant BM, Koyama T, Yu H, Neimat JS, Konrad PE, D’Haese P-F. Validation of a fully automatic method for the routine selection of the anterior and posterior commissures in MR images. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 87:148-154, 2009. 40. Yu H, Hedera P, Fang J, Davis TL, Konrad PE. Confined stimulation using dual thalamic deep brain stimulation leads rescues refractory essential tremor: Report of three cases. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 87:309-313, 2009. 41. Duke AR, Cayce JM, Malphrus JD, Konrad P, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Jansen ED. Combined optical and electrical stimulation of neural tissue in vivo. Journal of Biomedical Optics 14(6): 2009. Doi 10.1117/1.3257230 Artn 060501. 42. Mengesha T, Abu-Ata M, Hass KF, Lavin PJ, Sun DA, Konrad PE, Pearson M, Wang L, Song Y, Abou-Khalil BW. Visual field defects after selective and standard temporal lobectomy. Journal of Neuro-Opthalmology 29: 208-213, 2009. 43. D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Fitzpatrick MJ, Dawant BM. Clinical accuracy of a customized stereotactic platform for deep-brain stimulation after accounting for brain shift. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 88(2): 81-87, 2010. DOI 10.1159/000271823. 44. Konrad PE and Shanks T. Implantable brain computer interface: Challenges to neurotechnology translation. Neurobiology of Disease 38: 369-375, 2010. DOI:10.1016/j.nbd.2009.12.007 45. Pallavaram S, Dawant BM, Remple MS, Neimat JS, Kao C, Konrad PE, D'Haese PF. Effect of brain shift on the creation of functional atlases for deep brain stimulation surgery. International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 5: 221-228, 2010. DOI: 10.1007/s11548-009-0391-1 46. Charles PD, Gill CE, Taylor HM, Putman MS, Blair CR, Roberts AG, Ayers GD, and Konrad PE. Spasticity treatment facilitates direct care delivery for adults with profound intellectual disabilities. Movement Disorders 25: 466-473, 2010. DOI: 10.1002/mds.22995 47. Cayce JM, Kao CC, Malphrus JD, Konrad PE, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Jansen ED. Infrared neural stimulation of thalamocortical brain slices. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 16: 565-572, 2010. DOI: 10.1109/JSTQE.2009.2032424. 48. Feng H-J, Kao C, Gallagher MJ, Jansen ED, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Konrad PE, Macdonald RL. Alteration of GABAergic neurotransmission by pulsed infrared laser stimulation. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 192:110-114, 2010. DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2010.07.014. 49. Mahadevan-Jansen A, Cayce JM, Friedman R, Roe AW, Konrad PE, Hillman E, Jansen E. Imaging optically induced neural activity in the brain. Conference Proceedings of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 1:3379-3381, 2010. PMID: 21097240. 50. Konrad PE, Neimat J, Yu H, Kao CC, Remple M, D’Haese P, Dawant B. Customized, miniature rapid-prototyped stereotactic frames for use in deep brain stimulator surgery: Initial clinical methodology and experience from 263 patients from 2002- 2008. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 89:34–41, 2011. DOI: 10.1159/000322276. 51. Forbes J, Stoker MA, Konrad PE. Neurological deterioration secondary to unrecognized instability on CT imaging and upright films in a ligamentous Chance fracture. Journal of Surgical Radiology 2: 68-75, 2011. 52. Kao CC, Forbes JA, Stayman A, Sun DA, Carron R, Benabid AL, Konrad P. High-frequency cortical stimulation augments recovery of thalamocortical oscillations from hypoxia in rat brain slices. Neuromodulation 14: 104–110, 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00337 53. Forbes J, Cooper C, Jermakowicz W, Neimat J, Konrad P. Microvascular decompression: salient surgical principles and technical nuances. Journal of Visualized Experiments 53, 2011. DOI: 10.3791/2590. http://www.jove.com/details.php?id=2590. 54. Remple MS, Brandenham CH, Kao CC, Charles PD, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Subthalamic nucleus neuronal firing rate increases with Parkinson’s disease progression. Movement Disorders 26: 1657-1662, 2011. DOI: 10.1002/mds.23708 55. Charles PD, Dolhun RM, Gill CE, Davis TL, Bliton MJ, Tramontana MG, Salomon RM, Wang L, Hedera P, Phibbs FT, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Deep brain stimulation in early Parkinson’s disease: Enrollment experience from a pilot trial. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders 18:268-273, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2011.11.001. 56. Charles D, Tolleson C, Davis TL, Gill CE, Molinari AL, Bliton MJ, Tramontana MG, Salomon RM, Kao C, Wang L, Hedera P, Phibbs FT, Neimat JS, Konrad PE: Pilot study assessing the feasibility of applying bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation in very early stage Parkinson's disease: Study design and rationale. Journal of Parkinson’s Disease 2:215-223, 2012. DOI: 10.3233/JPD-2012-012095. 57. Gill CE, Allen LA, Konrad PE, Davis TL, Bliton MJ, Finder SG, Tramontana MG, Kao CC, Remple MS, Bradenham CH, Charles PD. Deep brain stimulation for early stage Parkinson’s disease: an illustrative case. Neuromodulation 14:515-521, 2011. DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1403.2011.00391 58. Kahn E, D’Haese P-F, Dawant BD, Allen L, Kao CC, Charles PD, Konrad PE. Deep brain stimulation in early stage Parkinson’s disease: Operative experience from a prospective, randomized clinical trial. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 83: 164-170, 2012. DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300008. 59. D’Haese PF, Pallavaram S, Li R, Remple MS, Kao C, Neimat JS, Konrad PE, Dawant BM. CranialVault and its CRAVE tools: a clinical computer assistance system for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) therapy. Medical Image Analysis 16: 744-753, 2012. DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2010.07.009. 60. Bourne SK, Conrad A, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Davis TL. Ventricular width and complicated recovery following deep brain stimulation surgery. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 90:167-172, 2012. DOI: 10.1159/000338094. 61. Kao C, Forbes JA, Jermakowicz WJ, Sun DA, Davis B, Davis B, Zhu J, Lagrange AH, Konrad PE. Suppression of thalamocortical oscillations following traumatic brain injury in rats. Laboratory investigation. Journal of Neurosurgery 117:316-323, 2012. DOI: 10.3171/2012.4.JNS111170. 62. Stoker MA, Forbes JA, Hanif R, Cooper C, Nian H, Konrad PE, Neimat JS. Decreased rate of CSF leakage associated with complete reconstruction of suboccipital cranial defects. Journal of Neurological Surgery B 73: 281–286, 2012. DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1312709. 63. Finder SG, Bliton MJ, Gill CE, Davis TL, Konrad PE, Charles PD. Potential subjects’ responses to an ethics questionnaire in a Phase I study of Deep Brain Stimulation in early Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Clinical Ethics 23(3): 207-216, 2012. 64. D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Kao C, Neimat JS, Konrad PE, Dawant BM. Effect of data normalization on the creation of neuro-probabalistic atlases. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery 91:148-152, 2013. DOI: 10.1159/000345268. 65. Hedera P, Phibbs FT, Dolhun R, Charles PD, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Davis TL Surgical targets for dystonic tremor: Considerations between the globus pallidus and ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 19:684-686, 2013. DOI:10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.03.010 66. Awad AJ, Forbes JA, Jermakowicz W, Eli IM, Blumenkopf B, Konrad P. Experience with 25 years of dorsal root entry zone lesioning at a single institution. Surgical Neurology International 4:64, 2013. DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.112182 67. Tomycz L, Forbes J, Ladner T, Kahn E, Maris A, Neimat J, Konrad P. Open thoracic cordotomy as a treatment option for severe, debilitating pain. Journal of Neurological Surgery-Part A 2013. DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1349340 68. Isaar N, Hedera P, Phibbs F, Konrad P, Neimat J. Treating post-traumatic tremor with deep brain stimulation: report of five cases. Parkinsonism & Related Disorders 2013. DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2013.07.022 69. Camalier CR, Konrad PE, Gill CE, Kao CC, Remple MR, Nasr HM, Davis TL, Hedera P, Phibbs FT, Molinari AL, Neimat JS, Charles PD. Methods for targeting STN in early stage Parkinson’s disease. Frontiers in Neurology (accepted 2013). 70. Cayce JM, Wells JD, Malphrus JD, Kao C, Thomsen S, Tulipan NB, Konrad PE, Jansen ED, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Infrared neural stimulation of human spinal nerve roots in vivo. Science Translational Medicine (submitted 2013).

NON-PEER REVIEWED ARTICLES 1. Wells J, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Bendett M, Webb J, Ralph H, Kao CC, Konrad PE, and Jansen ED. Lasers Stimulate New Techniques in Nerve Studies. Biophotonics International 13 (10): 30-32, 2006. 2. Charles PD, Gill CE, Davis TL, Konrad PE, Benabid AL. Is deep brain stimulation neuroprotective if applied early in the course of PD? Nature Clinical Practice Neurology 4(8): 424-526, 2008 (invited editorial). 3. Forbes JA, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Trigeminal Neuralgia: Surgical Options. iTunes U – free download. http://www.aans.org/iPod%20Touch%20Initiatives/AANS%20on%20iTunes%20U.aspx

BOOK CHAPTERS 1. Konrad PE, Caputi F, El-Naggar A. Radiofrequency dorsal root entry zone lesions for pain. Chapter 133. Textbook of Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 2nd edition. Lozano A, Gildenberg P, Tasker R, eds. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin. 2009, pp 2251-2268. 2. Wells JD, Cayce JM, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Konrad PE, Jansen ED. Infrared Nerve Stimulation: A novel therapeutic laser modality. Chapter 24. Optical-Thermal Response of Laser-Irradiated Tissue, 2nd edition. Welch AJ, van Gemert MJC, eds. Springer-Verlag. 2011, pp. 915-939. DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-8831-4_24.

EDITORIAL REMARKS 1. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, Cook JR, and Hood DL. Choice of anesthetics for MEP studies [letter]. Neurosurgery 20(2): 347, 1987. 2. Tacker WA, Konrad PE, and Dull ST. Direct non-invasive monitoring of spinal cord motor function during thoracic aortic occlusion [letter]. Journal of Vascular Surgery 9(1): 177 - 178, 1989. 3. Konrad PE and Tacker WA. Pyramidal vs. extrapyramidal origins of the MEP [letter]. Neurosurgery 29(5): 795 - 796, 1991. 4. Remple MS, Bradenham CH, Kao CC, Charles PD, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Changes in neuronal firing rate in the subthalamic nucleus with parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders 2012. DOI: 10.1002/mds.24899.

ABSTRACTS AND PRESENTATIONS 1. Konrad PE. Techniques in extracellular recording of neural activity. Abstracts of the 76th Annual Meeting of the Illinois State Academy of Science, Macomb, IL, April 22 - 23, 1983, p. 30. 2. Tacker WA, Bourland JD, Konrad PE, Nelson JP, Durrer DL, Walther T, and Geddes LA. Perivascular impedance sensors for in vivo chronic blood pressure measurement: Detection systems for automatic defibrillators, cardioverters and blood pressure controllers. Proceedings of the 37th Annual Conference on Engineering in Medicine and Biology, Los Angeles, CA, September 14 - 19, 1984, p. 20. 3. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, Bourland JD, Walther TA, Durrer D, and Geddes LA. Improved detection for automatic implantable defibrillation. Proceedings of the AAMI 20th Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May, 1988, p. 56. 4. Tacker WA and Konrad PE. Components of the feline spinal cord motor evoked potential. FASEB Proceedings, Las Vegas, NV, April 1988. 5. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, and Schooler D. Monopolar vs. bipolar electrical brain stimulation in the genesis of feline motor evoked potentials. Proceedings of the AAMI 23rd Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May, 1988, p. 56. 6. Konrad PE and Tacker WA. Selection of motor evoked potential monitoring locations. Proceedings of the AAMI 23rd Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May, 1988, p. 56. 7. Tacker WA, Konrad PE, Reuter D, and Geddes LA. Strength-duration curves for complex spinal cord motor evoked potentials. Proceedings of the AAMI 23rd Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May, 1988, p. 98. 8. Tacker WA and Konrad PE. Electrical vs. magnetic brain stimulation to elicit motor evoked potentials. Proceedings of the AAMI 23rd Annual Meeting, Washington, D.C., May, 1988, p. 98. 9. Konrad PE, Tacker WA, and Schooler D. Peak latencies of feline spinal cord motor evoked potentials in response to electrical transcranial brain stimulation. Proceedings of the 18th Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 1988, p. 772. 10. Schooler D, Tacker WA, and Konrad PE. Variability observed in motor evoked potential responses obtained with two different stimulus montages. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Cancun, Mexico, February 11 - 15, 1989. 11. Konrad PE and Tacker WA. Evidence for non-corticospinal motor evoked potentials in cats using suprathreshold brain stimulation. Proceedings of the 1989 International Motor Evoked Potential Symposium, Chicago, IL, August 17 - 20, 1989, p. 13. 12. Reuter DG, Tacker WA, Konrad PE, Voorhees WD, and Badylak SF. Correlation of MEPs, SSEPs, regional blood flow, motor function, and spinal cord histopathology in a canine model of spinal cord ischemia: a preliminary study. Proceedings of the 1989 International Motor Evoked Potential Symposium, Chicago, IL, August 17 - 20, 1989, p. 34. 13. Konrad PE, Owen JH, and Bridwell KH. Magnetic stimulation of the spine to produce lower extremity EMG responses: significance of coil position and the presence of bone. Scoliosis Research Society Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, September 24 - 27, 1991. 14. Shinomiya K, Dawson J, Spengler D, Konrad PE, and Blumenkopf,B. An analysis of the posterior epidural ligament role on the cervical spinal cord. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Cervical Spine Research Society Meeting, Sante Fe, NM, Nov 30 - Dec 2, 1995. 15. Konrad PE and Berkman R. Occipital-cervical loop/screw fixation for occipito-atlantal instability. Proceedings of the 13th Annual Meeting of the Joint Section on Disorders of the Spine and Peripheral Nerves, Newport Beach, CA, February 19 - 22, 1997, p. 137. 16. Konrad PE and Blumenkopf BB. Surgical treatment and outcome of 40 consecutive patients with herniated thoracic discs and review of literature. Proceedings of the 1997 Annual Meeting of the Southern Neurosurgical Society, Pinehurst, NC, June 5 - 8, 1997, p. 13. 17. Blumenkopf BB and Konrad PE. Surgical treatment and outcome of 40 consecutive patients with herniated thoracic discs and review of literature. Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, New Orleans, LA, 1997. 18. Konrad PE and Gadamsetty S. Use of image fusion technique to avoid ventriculography for stereotactic target planning. Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Boston, MA, October, 1999. 19. Konrad PE, Chen H, Kusuma S, and Robertson D. Loss of hypertension with lateral medullary infarcts. Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Boston, MA, October, 1999. 20. Konrad PE and Abou-Khalil BW. Endoscopically placed temporal horn electrodes for hippocampal monitoring. Annual Meeting of the Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Boston, MA, October, 1999. 21. Hartmann S, Galloway RL, and Konrad PE. Intraoperative identification and display of eloquent cortical regions. Proceedings of SPIE: Medical Imaging, San Diego, CA, February 18, 2001, Vol. 4319, pp. 126-133. 22. Konrad PE and Kao CC. Treatment of diffuse central neuropathic pain through the use of cingulum neuromodulation. Neuromodulation: Defining the Future, Cleveland, OH, June 8 0 10, 2001. 23. Warner JS and Konrad PE. One centimeter post-traumatic subluxation of the odontoid presenting as chronic daily headaches. American Headache Society Meeting, New York, NY, June 29 – July 2, 2001. 24. Song J, Abou-Khalil BW, and Konrad PE. Intraventricular depth electrode monitoring for temporal lobe epilepsy: A technical report. American Epilepsy Society Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, December 2, 2001. 25. Konrad PE, Kao CC, Davis TL, and Shieh C. Evidence for strength-duration curve in humans undergoing thalamic stimulation for tremor control. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Meeting, Chicago, IL, April 6 – 11, 2002. 26. Kao CC, Konrad PE, Davis TL, and Zhang J. Minimal tissue reaction to thalamic lead implantation for tremor: a post- mortum study at 22 months. American Association of Neurological Surgeons Meeting, Chicago, IL, April 6 – 11, 2002. 27. Charles PD, Konrad PE, Battle EJ, Jacobs BL, Fang JY, and Davis TL. Deep brain stimulation of the bilateral subthalamic nucleus reduces the cost of antiparkinsonian medications. Movement Disorder Society 7th International Congress of Parkinsons Disease & Movement Disorder, Miami, FL, Nov. 10 - 14, 2002. 28. Franck JI, Konrad PE, Franklin R, and Haer F. StarFix™: a novel approach to frameless stereotactic neurosurgery utilizing a miniaturized customized pretargeted cranial platform fixture - technical description, unique features, and case reports. Movement Disorder Society 7th International Congress of Parkinsons Disease & Movement Disorder, Miami, FL, Nov. 10 - 14, 2002. 29. Kremer MA, Song J, and Konrad PE. Lag Screw Fixation of an Acute Hangmans Fracture: Case Illustration. Southern Medical Association 96th Annual Scientific Assembly – Neurosurgery, Washington, DC, Nov. 13 – 16, 2002. 30. Konrad PE, Abou-Khalil BW, Weil RJ, Sillay K. Surgical outcome after left selective amygdalohippocampectomy versus tailored left temporal lobectomy. The 56th Annual Meeting of the American Epilepsy Society Meeting, Seattle, WA, Dec. 6-11, 2002. 31. Nickele C, Cetinkaya E, Fitzpatrick JM, and Konrad PE. Evaluation of a method for placing deep-brain stimulators. Proc. SPIE Intl. Symposium on Medical Imaging, San Diego, CA, February 16 – 18, 2003. 32. Albea JR, Kao CC, Fatakia A, Jansen D, Mahadevan-Jansen A, and Konrad PE. Optical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerve. American Association of Neurological Surgeons annual meeting, San Diego, CA, April 26 - May 1, 2003, (Supported by grant FA9550-04-1-0045 from the DOD MFEL Program) 33. Albea JR, Kao CC, and Konrad PE. Simultaneous Bilateral Subthalamic DBS with parallel neurophysiologic localization data. American Assoc. of Neurological Surgeons annual meeting, San Diego, CA, April 26 - May 1, 2003. 34. Dawant BM, Rui L, Cetinkaya E, Fitzpatrick JM, and Konrad PE. Computerized atlas-based positioning of deep brain stimulators: a feasibility study. BME Annual Meeting, Philadelphia, PA, June 2003. 35. Kao CC, Albea JR, and Konrad PE. Asymmetry of hyperactivity between left and right subthalamic nucleus parallels severity of extremity symptoms in Parkinson’s disease patients. Society for Neuroscience annual meeting. November 8 – 11, 2003, New Orleans, LA., USA. 36. Bhambhvani D, Abou-Khalil B, Konrad P, Lagrange A. Outcome of selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy and ictal pattern in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. American Epilepsy Society. December 3 – 7, 2004. 37. D’Haese PF, Cetinkaya E, Kao CC, Michael JM, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Toward the Creation of an Electrophysiological Atlas for the Pre-operative Planning and Intra-operative Guidance of Deep Brain Stimulators (DBS) Implantation. 7th International Conference on Medical Imaging and Computer Assisted Intervention, St. Malo, France, September 26 – 30, 2004. 38. D’Haese PF, Cetinkaya E, Kao CC, Michael JM, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Method for Identifying Brain Nuclei from Micro-Electrode Signals. American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery annual meeting, Cleveland, OH, October 1 – 3, 2004. 39. Gajendiran M, Lima EA, Konrad P, Kao C, and Baudenbacher, FJ. High resolution multi-electrode mapping of thalamocortical oscillations in in vitro rat brain slices during high frequency deep brain stimulation, American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery meeting, Cleveland, OH, October 1-3, 2004. 40. D’Haese PF, Cetinkaya E, Kao CC, Michael JM, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Creation and Use of an Atlas of Optimal Positions for the Fully Automatic Selection of DBS Target Points. American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery meeting, Cleveland, OH, October 1 – 3, 2004. 41. Wells J, Mariappan K, Albea J, Jansen ED, Konrad PE, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Kao C. Optical stimulation of neural tissue. Annual Meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, San Diego, CA, October 2004. 42. Kao CC, Thomas T, Charles PD, Fang J, Albea J, and Konrad PE. Correlating Symptoms and Neuronal Activities – Bilateral Simultaneous Microrecordings from Parkinson’s and Essential Tremor Patients. ASSFN Neuromodulation Meeting, Cleveland, OH, October 1 – 3, 2004. 43. Spooner J, Konrad PE, and Cheng J. Motion preservation in the surgical treatment of Hangman’s fractures using posterior lag screws. AANS/CNS Section on Disorders of the Spine & Peripheral Nerves 2005 Annual Meeting, Phoenix, AZ, March 9 – 12, 2005. 44. D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Niermann K, Spooner J, Kao CC, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Automatic selection of DBS target points using multiple electrophysiological atlases. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, MICCAI 2005. 45. Spooner J, Yu H, D’Haese PF, Pallavaram S, Kao CC, Humbert G, Dawant B, and Konrad PE. Fully-automated Deep Brain Stimulation target selection better than traditional methods. AANS Annual meeting, San Francisco, CA, April 22 – 27. 2006. 46. Kao CC, Spooner J, Yu H, Davis T, Fang J, Hedera P, Cooper M, Charles PD, and Konrad PE. Direct zona incerta stimulation produces efficacy in treating Parkinson’s disease – an intraoperative study during the STN mapping. American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery meeting, Boston, MA, June 1 – 4, 2006. 47. Pallavaram S, D’Haese PF, Spooner J, Yu H, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Automated selection of anterior and posterior commissures based on a deformable atlas can remove variability in the current frame of reference used for stereotactic neurosurgical procedures. American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery meeting, Boston, MA, June 1 – 4, 2006. 48. Spooner J, Tatsas A, Abel T, Yu H, Kao CC, Konrad PE, and Davis TL. Deep brain stimulation in white matter superior to STN is effective in Parkinson’s disease: a 5-year postmortem analysis. American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery meeting, Boston, MA, June 1 – 4, 2006. 49. Yu H, Spooner J, Davis TL, Hedera P, and Konrad PE. Confined stimulation using two adjacent parallel thalamic deep brain stimulation electrodes to rescue refractory essential tremor. American Society for Stereotactic & Functional Neurosurgery meeting, Boston, MA, June 1 – 4, 2006. 50. Konrad PE, Margolin L, Franklin R, and Kao CC. Customized stereotactic system for research in animals: Advantages of a rapid-prototyped platform over traditional stereotactic frames. Society for Neuroscience annual meeting, Atlanta, GA, October 14 – 18, 2006. 51. Konrad PE, Kao CC, Franck JI, Spooner J, Yu H, Charles PD, Fang JY, and Davis TL. Deep brain stimulating electrodes placed using a novel miniature stereotactic frame: Clinical Experience from 144 patients. 10th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Kyoto, Japan, October 28 – November 2, 2006. 52. Kao CC, Spooner J, Yu H, Charles PD, Davis TL, Fang JY, and Konrad PE. Improved patient comfort and surgical efficiency using the Starfix Stereotaxy System in 106 patients undergoing DBS implantation. 10th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Kyoto, Japan, October 28 – November 2, 2006. 53. Yu J, Spooner J, Davis TL, Hedera P, Fang JY, and Konrad PE. Confined stimulation using two adjacent parallel thalamic deep brain stimulation electrodes to rescue refractory essential tremor. 10th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Kyoto, Japan, October 28 – November 2, 2006. 54. Kao CC, Yu H, Spooner J, Hedera P, and Konrad PE. Train stimulation has identical efficacy as continuous stimulation in VIM DBS: a strategy to prolong battery life. 10th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Kyoto, Japan, October 28 – November 2, 2006. 55. Konrad PE, Spooner J, Yu H, Hedera P, and Kao CC. Improved energy efficiency in train versus continuous stimulation of STN for rigidity suppression in a PD patient. 10th International Congress of Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders, Kyoto, Japan, October 28 – November 2, 2006. 56. Diedrich L, Gamboa A, Konrad PE, Robertson D, and Diedrich A. Pain, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure and Sympathetic Activity in Chronic Pain Patients with Epidural Spinal Cord Stimulator. The American Autonomic Society 17th International Symposium. Rio Grande, Puerto Rico, USA, Nov 1 -4, 2006. 57. Abu-Ata MM, Abou-Khalil B, Haas K, Lavin P, Sun D, and Konrad PE. Visual field defects after selective transcortical amygdalohippocampectomy. 1st North American Regional Epilepsy Congress – Annual Meetings of the AES, Canadian League against Epilepsy and Jamaican Chapter of ILAE, San Diego, CA, USA, December 1 -5, 2006. 58. Pallavaram S, Yu H, Spooner J, D’Haese P-F, Koyama T, Bodenheimer B, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Automated selection of anterior and posterior commissures based on a deformable atlas and its evaluation based on manual selections by neurosurgeons. SPIE Symposium on Medical Imaging, San Diego, CA, USA, Feb. 17-22, 2007. 59. Pallavaram S, Yu H, Spooner J, D’Haese P-F, Koyama T, Bodenheimer B, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. The VU-DBS project: integrated and computer-assisted planning, intra-operative placement, and post-operative programming of deep-brain stimulators. SPIE Symposium on Medical Imaging, San Diego, CA, USA, Feb. 17-22, 2007. 60. Pallavaram S, Yu H, Spooner J, D’Haese P-F, Koyama T, Bodenheimer B, Konrad PE, and Dawant BM. Automated selection of anterior and posterior commissures based on a deformable atlas and its evaluation based on manual selections by neurosurgeons. SPIE Symposium on Medical Imaging, San Diego, CA, USA, Feb. 17-22, 2007. 61. Harrison CH, Manus ND, Gill CE, Kao CC, Remple MS, Davis TL, Neimat JS, Konrad PE, Charles PD. Firing Patterns of STN in Early Stage PD Patients Implanted with DBS. Movement Disorders 2007; 22 (Suppl. 16):S10-11. 62. Cayce JM, Kao C, Malphurus JD, Konrad P, Jansen D, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Optical stimulation of the in vitro. Biomedical Optics Topical Meeting St. Petersburg, FL, USA, March 16-19, 2008. 63. Sun DA, Foley B, Roof KD, Mericle RA, Abou-Khalil B, Konrad PE, Neimat JS. Selective anterior and middle cerebral artery in the evaluation of memory-dominant hemisphere temporal lobe epilepsy. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1-4, 2008. 64. Neimat JS, Pallavaram S, D’Haese P-F, Kao C, Yu H, Remple MS, Konrad PE, Dawant BM. Computerized brain atlas predicts regions of deep brain stimulation (DBS) efficacy within the subthalamic nucleus (STN). American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1-4, 2008. 65. Rosenbaum BP, D’Haese P-F, Yu H, Pallavaram PS, Dawant BM, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Brain shift during deep brain stimulation surgery correlates directly to pneumocephalus and inversely to age. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1-4, 2008. 66. Yu H, Rosenbaum B, D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Dumpuri P, Dawant BM, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Predicting brain shift in deep brain stimulation surgery. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1-4, 2008. Best Resident Poster Award for Clinical Research. 67. Yu H, D’Haese PF, Koyama T, Pallavaram S, Dawant BM, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Automated computer algorithm selects anterior and posterior commissure points better than experienced neurosurgeons. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1-4, 2008. 68. Kao CC, Carron R, Sun D, Benabid A-L, Konrad PE. High-frequency corticothalamic stimulation augments recovery of ischemia-induced inactivation of thalamocortical oscillation in rat brain slices. American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Biennial Meeting, Vancouver, BC, Canada, June 1-4, 2008. 69. Cayce J, Kao C, Friedman R, Malphrus J, Konrad PE, Jansen ED, Mahadevan-Jansen A. Optical stimulation of the brain. Neural Interfaces Conference, Cleveland, OH, USA, June 16-18, 2008. 70. Mahadevan G, Kao CC, Konrad PE, Mahadevan-Hansen A. Infrared laser pulse-induced dorsal, ventral, and spinal monosynaptic reflex potentials of mammalian spinal cord- an in vivo study. Neural Interfaces Conference, Cleveland, OH, USA, June 16-18, 2008. 71. D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Neimat JS, Konrad PE, Fitzpatrick M, Dawant BM. Customized stereotactic frame accuracy measurement accounting for brain shift. World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Quadrennial Meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 24-27, 2009. 72. Pallavaram S, D’Haese P-F, Remple MS, Neimat JS, Kao C, Konrad PE, Dawant BM. Effect of intra-operative brain shift on populating electrophysiological atlases of somatotopy recordings in DBS surgeries. World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Quadrennial Meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 24-27, 2009. 73. Shanks TS, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Kao C, Remple M. Hemorrhage rates in simultaneous multi-electrode passage for DBS surgery. World Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery Quadrennial Meeting, Toronto, Canada, May 24-27, 2009. 74. Franck JI, Remple MS, D’Haese P-F, Pallavaram S, Perrin P, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Dawant BM. The Importance of avoiding pneumocephalus during DBS surgery: an intraoperative CT study utilizing the O-Arm and StarFix systems. Congress of Neurological Surgeons¸ New Orleans, LA USA Oct 24-29, 2009. 75. Remple MS, Hayes CH, Kao CQ, Charles PD, Neimat JS, Konrad P. STN neuronal firing rate increases with Parkinson’s disease progression. Congress of Neurological Surgeons¸ New Orleans, LA USA Oct 24-29, 2009. Top Ten Abstract Award. 76. Kao C, Feng H-J, Gallagher MJ, Jansen ED, Mahadevan-Jansen A, Konrad PE, Macdonald RL. Stimulation of GABAergic neurotransmission using pulsed infrared laser light. Society for Neuroscience, Chicago, IL USA, Oct 17-21, 2009. 77. Gill CE, Davis TL, Konrad PE, and Charles D. Bilateral deep brain stimulation for early stage Parkinson’s disease: baseline characteristics from a novel pilot clinical trial. Annals of Neurology 66 (suppl 13):S51, 2009. 78. Diedrich L, Diedrich A, Goldfarb M, Dalley S, Varol A, Kao C, Konrad P. Percutaneous microneurography as a technique for deriving human motor command signals for artificial limb prosthetic testing. Neural Interfaces Conference 2010, Long Beach, CA. 79. Kahn E, D’Haese P-F, Dawant B, Allen L, Charles PD, Konrad P. Deep Brain stimulation in early Parkinson’s disease: lead placement and adverse events in 15 patients. Neural Interfaces Conference 2010, Long Beach, CA. 80. Gill CE, Davis TL, Konrad PE, Bliton MJ, Tramontana MG, Charles PD. Characteristics of Patients Participating in a Novel Trial of Deep Brain Stimulation in Early Stage Parkinson’s Disease. Cell Transplantation 19(3):340, 2010. 81. Tomycz L, Forbes J, Kahn E, Neimat JS, Konrad PE. Open thoracic cordotomy as a viable treatment option for severe, debiliatating, medically-refractory pain. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, Oct 17-21, 2010. Top Ten Abstract Award – Pain Section. 82. Jermakowicz W, Camalier C, Kao C, Remple M, Konrad PE, Neimat J. Evaluation of electrophysiological measures to predict final tract choice during multi-pass deep brain stimulation electrode implantation of the STN for PD. Congress of Neurological Surgeons¸ Washington, DC Oct 1-6, 2011. 83. Kao CC, Konrad P, Neimat J, Camalier C, Fang J, Tolleson C, Pallavaram S, D'Haese P-F, Dawant B. Spatial Summation Effects of VIM Stimulation in Essential Tremor Patients During Deep Brain Stimulation Surgery. Movements Disorders Society Annual Meeting, Toronto, Canada, June 5-9, 2011. 84. Hedera P, Phibbs FT, Charles PD, Konrad PE, Neimat JS, Davis TL. Efficacy of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation for leg tremor control in Parkinson’s disease. Parkinson’s Disease and Related Disorders, Shanghai, China; Dec 11-14, 2011. 85. Konrad P, Kao C, Diedrich A, Diedrich L, Goldfarb M. Microneurography as a tool for testing limb prosthetics. International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society Smart Machines – Neural Evolution, Banff, Ontario CA. Sep 9-12, 2012. 86. Forbes J, Jermakowicz W, Tomycz L, Konrad PE. Experience with fifteen years of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesioning at a single institution. Neurosurgery 71: E563, 2012. 87. Konrad P. Deep Brain Stimulation: Moving Toward a Clinically Efficient and Available Therapy. NANS Annual Meeting,LasVegas, NV. Dec 6-9, 2012. 88. Konrad P. Restoring Standing and Walking Through a Spinal Cord Neuroprosthetic. NANS Annual Meeting,LasVegas, NV. Dec 6-9, 2012.

INVITED TALKS 1. The use of motor evoked potentials for intraoperative monitoring. Rockford Memorial Hospital Scientific Meeting, Rockford, Illinois, March 5, 1988. 2. Motor evoked potentials. Neuroscience Grand Rounds, Indiana University Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, May 12, 1988. 3. New methods of assessing the nervous system during surgery. Sigma Xi Club of Rockford, Rockford, IL, March 11, 1991. 4. Motor evoked potentials. Neurology Grand Rounds, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, October 14, 1992. 5. Basics of motor evoked potentials. Multidisciplinary Spine Conference, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, October 22, 1992. 6. Functional monitoring of spinal motor tracts. Meacham Neurosurgical Society Meeting, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, October 22, 1993. 7. Surgical treatment of epilepsy. Sigma Xi Club of Rockford, Rockford College, October 19, 1994. 8. Visiting alumni in residence. Guest lecturer in the Departments of Chemistry, Biology, and Nursing. Rockford College. October 15 - 20, 1994. 9. Occipital cervical stabilization techniques. Meacham Neurosurgical Society Meeting, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, June 27-29, 1996. 10. An analysis of the posterior epidural ligament role on the cervical spinal cord. Meacham Neurosurgical Society Meeting, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, June 27-29, 1996. 11. Intraoperative mapping of cortical function during neurosurgery. Neuroscience Grand Rounds, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, February, 1997. 12. Spinal cord monitoring during neurosurgery. Neuroscience Grand Rounds, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, March, 1997. 13. Vagal nerve stimulation for epilepsy - When and when not to use. Tennessee Neurosurgical Society Meeting, September 11- 13, 1998. 14. Intrathecal baclofen therapy for spasticity. Tennessee Chapter of the America Physical Therapy Association’s Annual Meeting, October 16, 1998. 15. Trends in Neuroscience: Neuroprosthetics and Neurosurgery. 1999 Neuroscience Update. St. Thomas Hospital, April 30, 1999. 16. Deep Brain Stimulation Program at Vanderbilt University. Vanderbilt Meacham Neurosurgical Society Meeting, June 11, 1999. 17. Central Neuropathic Pain. Neuroscience Grand Rounds, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, March 10, 2000. 18. Surgical Treatment of Trigeminal Neuralgia. Middle Tennessee Support Group for Trigeminal Neuralgia. St. Thomas Hospital, Nashville, TN, May 22, 2000. 19. Stimulating neurons with light. Vanderbilt Meacham Society Meeting. Ponte Vedra, FL, June 2-3, 2000. 20. Update: Vanderbilt Epilepsy Program. Vanderbilt Meacham Society Meeting. Ponte Vedra, FL, June 2-3, 2000. 21. “It’s not brain surgery, but…” – common sense as a physician. Indiana University School of Medicine, Invited First Year Medical School orientation lecture. W. Lafayette, IN, August 18, 2000. 22. Neuroprosthetics: The Future of Clinical Neuroscience. Invited talk. Indiana University School of Medicine, W. Lafayette, IN, August 18, 2000. 23. Deep Brain Stimulation, Neuro-modulation. Section of Surgical Sciences Research conference. Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, March 15, 2002. 24. Surgical treatment of dystonia. Vanderbilt Meacham Society Meeting. Phoenix, AZ, November 1-3, 2002. 25. Neuroanatomy of Pain: A Neurosurgeon’s Approach. Southern Society of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 35th Annual Meeting. Nashville, TN, May 23, 2003. 26. FHC’s microTargeting® Platform Workshop. Congress of Neurological Surgeons, 53rd Annual meeting. Denver, CO, October 20, 2003. 27. Cancer Pain. Cleveland Clinic Neuro –Oncology 2004: Current Concepts Symposium, Lake Buena Vista, FL, January 31, 2004. 28. Owensboro, KY Trigeminal Neuralgia Support Meeting. Owensboro, KY, March 13, 2004. 29. The Surgical Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: Surgical Options and when they are appropriate. Schwarz Pharma – Neuroscience/Parkinson’s Disease meeting, The Hermitage Hotel, Nashville, TN, July 9, 2004. 30. Surgical Procedure Overview. DBS Focus & Programming Session, Medtronic Activa University, Detroit, MI, August 7, 2004. 31. Applications and Techniques of Deep Brain Stimulation. Tennessee Neurosurgical Society, Nashville, TN, August 21, 2004. 32. Neurological Applications of Optical Spectroscopy. Vanderbilt-Meacham Neurological Society, Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital, Nashville, TN, September 26, 2004. 33. Creation and Use of a Physiological Atlas for Automated Selection of DBS Target Points. Neuromodulation: Defining the Future 2004. ASSFN 2004 Biennial Meeting, Cleveland, OH, October 1-3, 2004. 34. Starfix Microtargeting Platform System. microTargeting Platform System Roundtable Session, Cleveland, OH, October 2, 2004. 35. All About Activa Seminar. An informal discussion about Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease. The Marriott at Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, January 18, 2005. 36. Medtronic focus on Activa Therapy. Tampa, FL, February 18 – 20, 2005 37. Trigeminal Neuralgia Support Group Meeting. Nashville, TN, March 28, 2005. 38. Arrival of the Cybernetic Man: Bioengineering and Neurosurgery in the 21st Century. Indiana University external advisory board annual MD/Ph.D. retreat, keynote speaker Bloomington, IN, August 3, 4, & 5, 2005. 39. Neurostimulation in clinical neurosciences. Invited speaker for the Tennessee Acadamy of Neurology Annual Scientific Meeting. Nashville, TN, October 15, 2005. 40. DBS frameless technology for Activa Therapy: Surgeons Course. Reston, VA, January 13, 2006. 41. Medtronic Focus on Activa Therapy: Introductory Physicians Course. Nashville, TN, March 3 & 4, 2006. 42. DBS frameless technology for Activa Therapy: Surgeons Course. San Francisco, CA, April 1, 2006. 43. Trigeminal Neuralgia Support Group Meeting. Murfreesboro, TN, April 8, 2006. 44. DBS and Parkinson’s Disease. American Parkinson’s Disease Association Patient Conference. Nashville, TN, May 20, 2006. 45. Deep Brain Stimulation: Treatment of PD, ET and Dystonia. Beijing Neurosurgical Institute. Beijing China. Oct 23, 2006. Invited Speaker. 46. Deep Brain Stimulation: Treatment of PD, ET and Dystonia. Southern Medical University of China. GuangZhou, China, Oct 25, 2006. Invited Speaker. 47. Neuroprosthetics: Translational Bioengineering. Distinguished Lecture, Purdue University School of Biomedical Engineering, April 20, 2007. Invited Speaker. 48. Motor cortex stimulation. National Trigeminal Neuralgia conference, Nashville, TN, May 20, 2007. 49. Restorative Neurosurgery – A Future Venue of Neurosurgery? Vanderbilt Meacham Society Meeting, Nashville, TN, October 20-21, 2007. 50. Optical stimulation of the nervous system. University of Louisville Neuroscience Grand Rounds, Louisville, KY, September 16, 2008. Invited speaker. 51. Novel uses of light. Advances in Optics for Biotechnology, Medicine and Surgery XI Conference. Burlington, Vermont, June 28-July 2, 2009. Invited speaker. 52. Spasticity Management. The 12th Annual Harold 'Jobe' Bernard Stroke and Neurosciences Symposium, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, November 12, 2009. Invited speaker. 53. Brain Machine Interface Update. North American Neuromodulation Society (NANS) 13th Annual Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, December 3-6, 2009. Invited speaker. 54. Implantable Brain Computer Interfaces: The Neurotechnology Challenge. BSEC 2010: Biomedical Sciences Research and Analysis in Neurosciences (BRAiN). Oak Ridge National Labs. Oak Ridge, TN, May 24-26, 2010. Invited Speaker. 55. Closed Head Injury Management Issues at a Level 1 Trauma Center. BSEC 2010: Biomedical Sciences Research and Analysis in Neurosciences (BRAiN). Oak Ridge National Labs. Oak Ridge, TN, May 24-26, 2010. Invited speaker. 56. FES: advances in therapy for SCI at the neuromuscular interface. 2010 ASIA (American Spinal Cord Injury Association) State-of-the-Art Symposium. Nashville, TN, May 28, 2010. Invited speaker. 57. Brain-Machine Interface. Congress of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting. San Francisco, CA, Oct 17-21, 2010. Invited speaker. 58. Spinal Cord Machine Interface. North American Neuromodulation Society Annual Meeting. Las Vegas, NV, Dec 3-6, 2010. Invited speaker. 59. Statistical Imaging for Patient Specific Neurosurgery: Brain Atlases. Biomedical Science and Engineering Conference (BSEC). Oak Ridge National Labs, TN, Mar 15-17, 2011. Invited Speaker. 60. Advances in DBS surgery for Parkinson’s disease. Asian Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgical Meeting. Beijing, China. Sept 15-25, 2011. Invited speaker. 61. DBS Therapy: Guidance through stimulation database. Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Chicago, IL, Oct 2012. 62. DBS: A Novel Therapy for early PD? Congress of Neurological Surgeons, Chicago, IL, Oct 2012. 63. Neurosurgical Innovation: Translation from Research to Product. Grand Rounds, Department of Neurosurgery, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA, Mar 14, 2012. Visiting Professor. 64. Microneurography as a tool for testing limb prosthesis: IFESS Conference, Baniff, Canada, Sept. 8-13, 2012. Invited Speaker. 65. Innovating in visual based programming. ESSFN Conference, Lisbon, Portugal, Sept. 25-28, 2012. Invited Speaker. 66. Deep Brain Stimulation: Moving toward a clinically efficient and available therapy. NANS 16th Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV. Dec 2012. Invited Speaker. 67. Restoration of standing and walking with ISMS in paralyzed humans. NANS 16th Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV. Dec 2012. Invited Speaker. 68. Imaging for DBS: Current State-of-the-Art and New Directions. Practical Clinics, American Association of Neurological Surgeons Annual Meeting. New Orleans, LA. Apr 28, 2013. 69. Early stimulation for Parkinson’s disease. NANS 17th Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV. Dec 2013. Invited Speaker. 70. Best Clinical Practices: Complication Avoidance. NANS 17th Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV. Dec 2013. Invited Speaker. 71. Intrathecal Pump Evaluation, Management and Refill Course. NANS 17th Annual Conference. Las Vegas, NV. Dec 2013. Invited Speaker.