JULY-AUCUST 1974 11110 New Series Vol. XXXIV No. 11 • Whole Series Vol. LXIV No. 7 • July-August, 1974

3 Mission Memo 7 Editorials 8 The Angry Evangelist J. Barrie Shepherd 12 In Evanston, the Church Makes a Difference Robert Lear 19 Famine in Ethiopia 26 The "Stone Prayers" of Lalibela 30 A Jewish View of Jesus A. James Rudin 33 Industrial Mission and Korean Trade Unions Joseph Hill 36 A Ministry to People in Mobile Homes Kenneth D. Loss 38 A Look at the Church's Schools in Haiti Winston H. Taylor 41 Mission on a San Blas Island Ma rjorie Vanderve lde 43 Letters from Overseas 44 Books and Films 46 Letters 47 The Moving Finger Writes

COVER Eth io pian Drought Victims Waiting to Ente r a Refugee Camp Salgado Junior Photograph, from the W orld Council of Churches

Editor, Arthur J. Moore, Jr.; Managing Editor, Charles E. Brewster Associate Editor, Ellen Clark; Art Director, Roger C. Sadler Designer, Karen Tureck

47 S Riverside Drive, New York, New York 10027 Published Monthly (bimonthly, July-August) by the Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church, Education and Cultivation Division , in association with the United Presby­ terian Church, USA .

Second-class Mail Privileges Authorized at New York, N.Y. Additional Entry at Nashville, Tennessee. Copyright 1974 by Board of Global Ministries of the United Methodist Church. No part of New World Outlook may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Editors. Printed in U.S.A.

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PHOTO CREDITS Pp. 8, 11 , art by Mark Larson; P. 12, Northwestern Un iversity, Pp. 14 (top ), 16 (right) Nickerson Photo; Pp. 14 (bottom ), 1 5, 16, 17, Robert Lear; P. 17 (top), First Presbyterian Church, Evanston ; Pp. 19, 20, 21 , 22, 23, 24, 25, Salgado Junior, from WCC ; Pp. 26, 27, 28, 29, Mondadori from Pictorial ; P. 30, Religious America, WGBH, Boston ; Pp. 31 , 32, Religious News Service ; Pp. 33, 34, 35, Toge Fujihira , from United Methodist Mi ssions; Pp. 36, 37, Kenneth D. Loss; Pp. 38, 40, Winston H. Taylor; Pp. 41 , 42, Marjorie Vandervelde. MISSION MEMO News and Analysis of Developments in Christian Mission

July-August, 1974

Philippines. Top Protestant church leaders and an American miss ionary family were among 12 persons jailed in late June on charges of 11 harboring a fug i tive, possession of a printing press and possession of subversive materials. 11 The 12 worked with the National Council of Churches of the Philippines (NCCP). Among the arrested were the Rev. Laverne Mercado, NCCP general secretary; several staff members, and Paul and Marilyn Wilson and their young son, U.S. Disciples of Christ missionaries . Also seized by Filipino police was the Rev. Harry Daniels, associate general secretary of the Christian Conference of Asia and an Indian citizen, who was vi siting NCCP headquarters. Another NCCP staffer, Henry Aguilan, reportedly planned to turn himself in to the authorities. Like many of the recently arrested church people in Korea, those jailed in the Philippines were involved in urban mission, organizing the poor. Leaders of the National Council of Churc hes (U.S.), the World Council, and several denominations, plus key U.S . politicians lodged protests with Philippines President Marcos and American diplomats; the release of several of the more prominent churchmen was ex­ pected within days.

Rhodesia. Negotiations between the African National Council, headed by United Methodist Bishop Abel T. Muzorewa, and the government of Prime Min­ ister Ian Smith have been suspended following the arrest of Edson Sithole, a member of the Council's negotiating team. Sithole had only recently been released from jail and had been restricted to the Salisbury area. No reason for the re-arrest was given. Bishop Muzorewa called the arrest 11 shocking 11 and said that the only way out of the current impasse is for a fully representative "Constitutional Conference in which t he British Govern­ ment and the detained African leaders also parti cipate. 11

Apartment Ministries. Response has been enthusiastic to a series of con­ sultations on apartment house ministries sponsored by the Joint Strategy and Action Committee, an ecumenical coalition of mission agencies. At the last consultation in May in Cleveland, many would-be registrants had to be turned away . Another planning meeting is tentatively scheduled for Oct . 29-31 in Washington, D.C. In the early 1960s there were a number of ex­ perimental apartment house ministries and some church observers are herald­ ing the new interest as "round two of apartment ministries." UM apartment projects in action or planning include Cove United Methodist Church in Cleveland and Memphis Annual Conference. Coordinating seminars are United Methodist Cecil Pottieger, who was once an apartment house minister in Washington, D.C., and Lutheran Church in America's Harvey Peters . New Assignments. Kathryn Mitchem, associate director of Robeson (N.C.) County Church and Community Center in North Carolina, has been named assist­ ant professor in church and community at Scarritt College for Christian Workers in Nashville ... Carol McGrath, another church and community worker, is new associate director of Hinton Rural Life Center, Hayesville, N.C .... Louise Weeks, formerly executive secretary, Office of Community Centers, UM National Division, is new dean of the Center for Women's Studies at Scarritt.

Unique Appointment. For the first time, three denominations--United Presby­ terians, the United Church of Christ and the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)--joined in appointing a missionary couple. Dr. and Mrs. Ronald Seaton, former missionaries and mission executives, will engage in public health service at Vengurla Hospital, Vengurla, India.

New Council. The Middle East Council of Churches, embracing 20 Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Protestant and Anglican churches, will begin operations in Beirut Sept. 1. It succeeds the predominantly Protestant Near East Council of Churches. Egyptian The Rev. Albert Isteero of the Coptic Evangelical Church will serve as general secretary, a post he held in the former council.

Strip-Mining. An ecumenical panel meeting in Knoxville, Tenn., asked Con­ gress to end all strip mining for coal in the United States. The House is expected to vote on strip mining regulations during the summer.

IFCO. Dr. Paul Stauffer, assistant general secretary for parish community ministry in the National Division of the UM Board of Global Ministries, is the new president of the board of directors of the Interreligious Foundation for Community Organization (IFCO). In June IFCO approved grants of $320,553 for U.S. and foreign projects involved in self-development of minorities. Largest of the grants was $140,000 to Relief for Africans in Need in the Sahel (RAINS), an appeal for drought-stricken sub-Sahara countries.

Pakistan. Bishop J. V. Samuel has been elected moderator of the Church of Pakistan, a denomination formed in 1970 through merger of Anglican, Methodist, Presbyterian and some Lutheran groups. The church has about 200,000 members.

Sexism. The 170 women from 49 countries who took part in a World Council of Churches-sponsored consultation on "Sexism in the 1970s 11 in West Berlin in late June demanded that the World Council's Fifth Assembly next year give more than lip service to the concerns of women. Recommendations passed by the consultation called for study of the causes and social impact of prosti­ tution, 11 sexist 11 practices in various cultures and ways to related the Christian gospel to struggles for women's liberation. The group called for appointment of women to groups responsible for biblical translations, the elimination of "stereotyped images of women" in advertising, greater oppor­ tunities for employment and training of women in churches, and equal rights for women in business and public life. Many differences emerged but the conference was marked by a mood of sisterhood. 11 I was hoping the Holy Spirit would be with us in Berlin and She was, 11 one participant said. WCC Grants. The Evangelical Church of Laos has been given $100,000 by a World Council of Churches unit to rebuild 50 churches destroyed in the Indo ­ china war. The WCC 1 s Fund for Reconstruction and Reconc i l iation in Indo­ china also approved $192,000 for resettlement of Laotian refugees and $60,000 for a new Laotian agricultural community. The Fund previously com­ mitted $3 . 5 million to projects in North Vietnam, Laos, Sa i gon- ruled and Vietcong areas of South Vietnam.

Freed. Mrs. Deborah Dortzbach, American missionary nurse kidnapped by guerrillas in northern Ethiopia, has been released unharmed. She said her captors told her they were 11 freedom fighters. 11 She told them about Jesus and that 11 the real way to freedom and peace is through Him. 11

Indians. 11 American Indian religious thought as it relates to Christian theology 11 was the theme of the National Fellowship of Indian Workers meeting July 8-12 in Estes Park, Colorado. The Rev. Homer Noley, staff member of the UM National Division, is president of the ecumenical group of persons working with Native Americans for their denominations and local churches.

Deceased. Mrs. Pauline Roth, a United Methodist missionary in Korea from 1955 to 1972, died June 8 in Roanoke, Virginia after a long illness. She is survived by her husband, Dr. Robert Roth, a son and a daughter.

Staff Changes. Newly elected assistant general secretaries within the UM Board of Global Ministries are the Rev. Lynn Arthur Bergman, Health and Wel­ fare Ministries Division, section on services to the aging; Betty Henderson, National Division, administration, and Beverly J. Chain, Education and Cul­ tivation Division, section of communication.

Pikeville. A small number of persons supporting the striking workers at Methodist Hospital in Pikeville, Ky., established witness-picket 1 ines June 18 at the Methodist Building in Evanston, Ill., which houses the Division of Health and Welfare Ministries, and at the Louisville offices of Bishop Frank L. Robertson. John A. Murdock, associate general secretary of t he Diviiion, 1. told the Evanston pickets the Health and Welfare division was continuing its mediating efforts but that the general church would not attempt to impose any solution on the Pikeville strike. In another development, the Kentuc ky Annual Conference at its June session said that in its opinion the hospital is meeting the guidelines of the UM Social Principles. On June 10 the trial of the Rev. Robert Forrester, a United Methodist pastor and one of seven per£ons arrested in an April 8 incident at the hospital, ended in a hung jury and was set for retrial in September.

Volunteers. United Methodist Voluntary Service could accept only two of the last 28 applications for service contracts because of decreased giving to the UM Church's Human Relations Day offering which funds volunteers among other projects. Only $365,894 of the $1 million goal had been raised through May. Despite the turndown of some applicants, Voluntary Service currently has 455 full-time and 84 part-time volunteers working in 82 projects across the country. Pa nama. The Rev. Jacinto Ordonez, Bishop of the Evangelical Methodist Chu rch of Panama , has sa id that because of a 11 doubtful treaty which is main­ 11 t ained i n force Panama is ~~ n i ed sovereignty ove r her principal natural re­ so urce, t he Can al Zone , which i s 11 an inseparable part of her national patrimony. 11 Th e hi stori cal circumstances surrounding the signing of the Pa nama Cana l Zone Treaty in 1903, he said, 11 have made possible a growing depende nce of our people , both cultural and economic, on the United States. 11 He pointed out that there are 14 military bases in the Canal Zone.

Latin Amer ica . Four staff and five Board members of the UM Board of Global Mi nistries attended the Latin American Congress on Evangelism in Huampani, outside of Lima, Peru, June 28 to July 3rd, and will be attending consulta­ tions with the Methodist churches of Chile, Argentina and Uruguay during the rest of the month. Such items as missionary personnel, persons in mission, internationalization of the missionary force, and mission issues in the 1 70 1 s will be discussed. The General Conference of the churches in Mexic~ and Brazil will be held during the month of July. About ninety missionaries, meeting in Naperville, Illinois in mid-June, asked the staff and Board mem­ bers going to Latin America to carry their 11 concern 11 to the Chilean Church over the 11 gravity 11 of the situation in Chile and 11 the continued violation of human rights by the military junta. 11

11 Terminations. 11 The five executives who have been dismissed from the staff of the National Council of Churches will receive 11 adequate, just and fair 11 termination arrangements , according to Ms. Claire Randall, NCC general sec­ retary. The five men, each 61 years of age or older, are Dr. Leroy Brininger, associate general secretary for administration; the Rev. Donald Landwer, assistant general secretary; the Rev. J . Allan Ranck, associate general sec­ retary for research and planning; Dr . David Hunter, deputy general secretary; and Fletcher Coates, director of information. A sixth executive, the Rev. to L. Maynard Catchings, will fill a lower level position as special assistant on for minority communications. Dr. Hunter, an Episcopalian, said the changes were called for in a restructure document approved by the Council 1 s last General Assembly. But Dr. Brininger, a United Methodis t , said it is not 11 early retirement 11 when a 61-year-old man with 11 a family to support and 11 11 11 plenty of energy is told his services are being terminated •

Church World Service. In a development apparently unrelated to the NCC action, Dr. Eugene Stockwell, Associate General Secretary for Overseas Min­ istries of the Council, announced the termination of Mr . James MacCracken, executive director of the Department of CWS . MacCracken had headed the ecumenical service agency since 1965. Although the action was officially 11 11 termed a mutual agreement of termination , Mr. MacCracken agreed with a 11 11 Religious News Service reporter that he had been fired • Dr. Stockwell praised Mr. MacCracken for his 11 integrity and competence at all times, 11 but cited differing views of Christian service and mission.

Presbyterians. The National Executive Committee of United Presbyterian Women protested the imprisonment of a young woman minister in South Korea, the Rev. Cho Wa Soon, who is a Methodist. Miss Cho, general secretary of the Center for Mission to Labor and Industry in the port city of Inchon, was arrested in mid-May after she held a meeting of Christian women. te th r to EDITORIALSbJ

humor that never hurt the listener and more and more complex and difficult to often turned upon the speaker himself. control, became a terrible mental strain." Arthur J. 1oore, as bishop, as board -J b Stuart Magruder. and commis ion president, was an under­ "I lo t my perspective to a point where standing and considerate presiding I instinctively related to any criticism officer and good administrator, in whom or interference with what I was doing all had confidence. or what the President was doing as un­ rthur J. Moore understood and was fair and as something to be retaliated concerned for the welfare of the com­ against ...."-Char les Colson. mon man, the handicapped, the under­ "To the sensitive spirit, society must privileged-and th y quickly sensed that always remain something of the jungle . . ."-Reinhold Niebuhr, Moral Man concern. and Immoral Society. rthur J. 1oore was sensitive to in­ justice, to suffering, to inhumanity. His Confession is always good for the world travels reveal d the e unChristian soul but rarely has it been greeted with stumbling-blocks in individuals, in so­ such skepticism. It is a sign of how ci ties, in nations-and that revelation much Watergate has eroded whatever broadened his views of the Gospel's confidence we had in Government that m aning and of the s rvice demanded of even n ws of religious repentance and the Church. Experience and observation conversion has been greeted in many taught him much and broadened his quarters with derision. If our natural Arthur J. Moore, 1888-1974 faith, so that his preaching included reaction is to suspect hypocrisy and (Gu st Editorial by W. W. Reid) both personal and ocial religion. self-serving, it can be· traced in large His autobiography, "Bishop To All Arthur J. Moore ceased his itinerating part to the fact that few Administrations P oples," written only a few years ago, have made such a show of piety and re­ to th near and far corners of the earth has been hailed for its simplicity, its on Jun 30, in tlanta, Georgia. For ligion as has the ixon period. comments upon people and situations he On the other hand, there is enough more than half a century he preached met in his journeying (especially after the love of God and the grace of J e us World War I ), and criticized only in testimony from other sources to indi­ hrist in aving individual men and that he tells more about others than cate that something may have happened worn n from in and for a "better land." about himself. In it he says: in the !iv s of these men. Senator Harold And now his spirit has made its greatest "I have humbly taken my stand with Hughe has called Colson "a baby in journ y-to the joys of that land. those who gratefully and joyfully accept Christ." Other members of the prayer Bishop Moore's life-from its humble and proclaim the doctrines historically group Colson has been attending affirm beginning in a region of the American as ociated with evangelical Christianity. his sincerity. South that was then but slowly recov­ Doubt begets no enthusiasm and unbe­ As for Magruder, a fellow tenant of ring from the effects of years of civil li f sends no mi sionari . I am con­ Allenwood Prison (who is an anti-war trife, to th year when h was the vinced that our di traught world does Presbyterian· minister ) has found him 1 ad r in United M thodism's missionary not seek a new definition of religion but and Watergater Egil Krogh to be men force throughout the world, honored a new realization of Chri t' power. Men "of great openness and sensitivity to by go rnm nt of educational and re­ are asking, not for speculation, but the other p ople" and says that they have ligious bodies for hi services to human­ spectacle of men who manifest in their "repudiated" much of their past. it -reads like a miracle: indeed, it was pr aching and living a quenchless love The Gospels ·tells us there is great a miracl of the grace of God, in the for souls. If, by my inadequate telling rejoicing in heaven when any prodigal b t biblical ense. And yet, for all hi of the tory of Jesu and His love, I have honor and achi v ment , he was very returns home. They also tell us that by 1 d some to the knowledge of Chri t and their fruits they shall be known. If the humble, very democratic. What wa brightened the hop of the saints, I have achie d through hi life he er dited to not lived in vain." "fruits" of repentance turn out to be God and not to himself. 1r . Reid, veteran religious journalist, little more than a lighter sentence for rthur J. toore ' as a gifted orator: headed the neu:s service department of cooperation with the prosecution (in not ju t mer 8uenc and £lo, of words, th e Board of Al issions for the twenty Col on's case, the sentence was surpris­ but words that clothed and lucidated years Bishop Moore was its president. ingly tough) then we will be justified in idea that rang true, and in the final our cynicism. But if they involve a genu­ te t, id , that in cold typ and without ine personal humility as well as an the pr . enc of th peaker, remained On Sensitive Spirits ambition to end the political excesses re onabl . People instantly re ponded "I was learnino how hard it is to li ve and attitudes that made Watergate al­ to hi intere t and warmth and looic. a li e .... To have to live day after day, most inevitable, then there will be in­ And h had a n e of humor-the true to Ii e with a cover-up story that grew deed "fruits meets for repentance." vangelists, as we experience them today, come in various Eshapes and moods. They run the gamut from severe and judg­ mental prophets of doom, to the sweet and smiling salesmen of cheap grace and bargain basement bless­ ings. One thing they hardly ever seem to be anymore, however, is angry. An evangelist may be stern or se rene, even seductive, but some­ how he must not be angry. What, then, are we to make of Jonah? For Jonah, that fabled figure of childhood imagination, that un­ digestible burp in the belly of the whale, was, in the last reckoning just that ... an angry evangelist. Jonah was a man who, when ordered by God to go and preach the Word to the unconverted, ran off in the other direction, took ship to Tar­ shish, and had finally to be per­ suaded in a rather unsubtle, even unpleasant way to carry out the wi ll of God. Fresh from the fish, Jonah marches into Nineveh, the capital city of Israel 's hated enemy and tormentor, He is minister at Westminster Presby­ terian Church at The College Of Wooster in Ohio and a frequent con­ tributor to New World Outlook. lHE ANGRY El61NGELISF J. Barrie Shepherd

Assyria, and proclaims doom upon viva!, a time when evangelism, after all human motives are mixed, the city within forty days. Hardly an a period in the wi lderness, is once evangelism is a11 age-old concept, act calculated to win friends and again very much "in." an ancient component of our faith, influence people, let alone convert Perhaps to those who have lived, an impulse rooted in the commands them. But what do those evil, pagan, and listened to car radios, all their and example of our Lord. Personally ungodly Assyrians do? They repent, lives in The Bible Belt-that cultural I can never totally condemn what they repent all over the place; sack­ waistband of the nation-it may is ca ll ed today the " evangeli cal " cloth and ashes , royal proclamations, come as something of a surprise to approach to the Christian gospel, fasting; from the king on his throne learn that evangelism was ever since that same approach played an to the beggar at the gate, repent­ " out." But it does seem accurate to important part in my own Christian ance, wailing and prayer. And it say that, for at least the past decade, development. So let us take another works! God, the God of Israel , slow in the main-stream Protestant de­ look at evangelism as it relates to to anger and plenteous in mercy, nominations, evangelism has been the life and work of the church hears the prayer of the people of regarded as an outdated concept­ today. Nineveh and forgives them. a dusty old relic best swept under What is evangelism? What is it And Jonah? Jonah is furious! Not the rug and forgotten. that makes Billy Graham spring to only does God disturb his nice quiet But now, Lo! And behold! That mind whenever we hear that word, ex iste nce, cruise him around the shop-worn old idea has been taken and yet allows Bill (y?) Coffin to Mediterranean in the bilious belly out, dusted off, and set back in the claim that he too is a " roving of a sea monster for three days, send center of the ecclesiastical mantel­ evangelist" ? The word " evangelist," him on a Mission Impossible ri ght piece. Yes, evangelism is definitely of course, means " a bearer of good into the heart of enemy territory making a comeback. One has only news." An evangeli st brings the good with a crazy message from a God to read the reports from the General news. And such should be a popular they did not even know ... not only Asse mblies and Conferences of the profession in an age where every­ does Yahweh do all this to him, but major denominations, or to leaf one, from the President down, is he lets him down in the clutch. He through a se lection of the many complaining that all we hear is bad changes his mind, and leaves Jonah's religious journals, to realize this fact. news. prophecy of doom all wet, and One could be highly cynical about But what is good news? There is, Jonah himself a lau ghing stock. God all of this. One could trace a de­ in fact, very little news that is good robs Jonah of the one sat isfaction he ve lopment from a concern with for everyone. In a world of severe ly had hoped to derive from this whole Peace of Mind in the fifties, through limited resources one person's hap­ fiasco, the joy of seeing Israel 's Peace in the World in the sixties, to piness all too often creates another ancient enemies fry in their own oil. Private P~a ce with God in the person's horror; an increase in the No wonder poor Jonah is angry . .. seventies. Or, one could ask about standard of living on this side of the good and angry! No wonder Jonah the relationship between the new­ globe must somehow bring a con­ is in a furious sulk! Jonah then, the found evangelical fervor of the major pensatory decrease in places where angry evangelist. denominations, and their rapidly A funny story. An ironic story from declining membership statistics and there is no longer any room to Israel 's past. And yet, not on ly this. budgets. Is this really evangelism decrease. Where then, what then is For this apoplectic little prophet, that is being planned-a movement good news? Jonah, has something quite profound to confront people with the living According to Saint Luke, Jesus to say to us, in these days in the presence of Jesus Christ, or is it not himself, in his first sermon, put it life of the church in the United just another gigantic " rush " -a this way : States. For we are living in the after­ continent-wide recruiting drive to fill The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, math of Key 73 ; that massively con­ empty pews and even emptier because he has anointed me to ceived attempt to call this entire pledge cards? preach good news to the poo r. He continent to Christ: we are living Yet, let us not be too cynical. has sent me to proclaim release in a time of the revival of the re- Whatever the motives, and at best to the captives and recovering of [321) 9 sight to the blind, to set at liberty Lord of Hos ts. " Jud ge not," sa id spat at him, and cursed him in his those w ho are oppressed , to pro­ Jes us, " les t ye be judged." And he agony, will he really condemn any­ claim the acceptable year of the hammered this message home in a one to eternal hellfire? What if Lord. w hole host of parables, sayings and salvation were not conditional, but Saint Paul found himself per- actions. total, and all we have to do is recog­ suaded that : But eva ngelism, at least much of nize the fact, and live it and enjoy neither death, nor life, nor angels, recent evangelism, is based firmly, it forever? nor princi palities, nor things and solely, upon this kind of judg­ I say, " What if?" as a confession to come, nor powers, no r height, ment. Th e whole enterprise depends of the way my understanding has nor depth, nor an ything else in upon this conception of a very clear been moving of late. But now, sup­ all creati on w ill be able to sepa­ in-group, and an even more pain­ posing, just for a moment, these rate us from the love o f God in fully clear out-group. We who are " What ifs?" to be true . . . then Christ Jes us our Lord. saved address you who are damned what of evangelism? Is there no A nd Sa int John proclaimed that: ... unless .. . unless you join us place for it anymore? On the con­ God is love, and he who abides before it is too late. Recently, while trary, evangelism is, then, just as in love abides in God, and God visiting in one of the homes of my important, and twice as beautiful. in him. congregation, I was present while In this state of total and uncondi­ Th is, then, is the news . .. that the hosts received a call from two tional forgiveness an evangelist is there is deliverance from all forms young M ormon evangelists, or mis­ one who assists the prisoner to re­ of captivity; there is healing from sionaries as they prefer to be called. move his self-imposed chains of guilt all diseases; there is life triumphing In very friendly, courteous, but clear and fear. An evangelist is like some­ over all the deaths of our days. And terms they informed us that they one who points out a beautiful sun­ th is is to be found, to be experi­ were right, and we were wrong, and set to one who has not noticed it enced, to be celebrated, through they offered us help to get on the before. It was there all the time. But participation in the love that is God's right side before the boom is finally without the love and concern that very nature. lowered. simply says " Look . . . look up!" that And the evangelist? The evangelist, I suppose I am questioning that sunset would be a lesser thing for like Philip in that early tale in the classic division into the saved and not being shared. book of the Acts responding simply the unsaved, that split down through An evangelist is like a poet or but effectively to the request for mankind which has dominated so painter; who is not better or worse he lp of the African statesman, the much of the life and thought of the than his fellows, who is not closer evangelist is to bear that " God Christian community. For I believe to God or further away; but who is Spi el," that incredibly good news, that this same dichotomy has all too given the gift of disclosing . . . of to the heart of a hungry world. often produced an incredible harsh­ disclosing what is there all the time But how is it to be borne? What ness and brutality toward those . . . what is theirs all the time. are the ways, the forms, that this deemed on the wrong side of that evangelism might take in our time? dividing line; and an equally dis­ And here is where we return to tasteful smugness and self-satisfac­ Jonah-the angry evangelist. For the tion-the very opposite of Christian wry humor, the bitter truth of that faith-in those who see themselves ancient satire, contains a judgment clearly among the chosen few. upon much of what today is called I am not sure whether or not I " evangelism." Jonah was furious, am a Universalist. I really don't think Jonah pouted, Jonah sulked and I have the right, or the ability, to cursed and argued with Yahweh, make such final decisions about even because Yahweh had the gall to for­ my own salvation or damnation, let give those ignorant Assyrians with­ alone that of my fellow human be­ out first making good Jews out of ings. But I do often ask myself ... them. In his ultimate mystery, in the What if? infinity of his love for humankind, What if we are all saved-regard­ God just " up and forgave" the whole less of race, or sex, or color, or city-load, in which we are reminded even of creed? What if Jesus really there were " more than 120,000 per­ is the Savic,r of the entire creation? sons who do not know their right What if he did bear the penalty for hand from thei r left and also much all mankind's sins past, present and cattle." future? What if we are all forgiven What the writer of this little story .. . already forgiven . .. every last we call " Jonah" is portraying here is one of us? What if that is what it the ages-old attempt of mankind to means to say "God is love," and the set limits on God's love, to define message of the crucifixion was the boundaries of God's mercy. But supremely to show us the depth and such a decision is up to God alone, the totality of that love? If God says the w riter, and man must not could die forgiving those men who even attempt to second guess the hammered nails through him, and 10 [ 322] I think of an elderly lady at a Jonah judged, and condemned, and Synod meeting last year. In the early sulked. Philip saw a need, responded morning service-on the roof of to a request, shared what he had the chapel-I had asked the wor­ been given ... no threats . .. no shippers in advance to " bring some­ judgments. thing beautiful for the offering." She What, then, of today? How are came to me after the service and we to respond, as those who still said, "You know, the most lovely call ourselves Christians, to this time thing about that offering was not of renewed interest in evangelism? the giving, but the searching for it I would suggest two things . . . . the walk over to the chapel in the dew, looking for something to First, we must learn to know our bring . . . and noticing for the first faith better. Not by memorizing the time in years moss, and bark, and Bible, or Church history or law. But dewdrops and insects and dande­ by examining ourselves, the truths lions-all the offerings of the we really live by and love by, even morning." I guess that in some way die by. We need to be quiet, to I had been an evangelist to her, but discover where we are, and where in the telling, she also brought the we arei headed,. and why we are good news to me. going that way together as a church An evangelist is like a mother who . . . not as a social club or a service teaches her child to read . Or a child organization, but as a fellowship of who teaches her mother to dance those who seek to follow Jesus. again. An evangelist is like a And secondly, we must share all gardener who thinks he is growing this. Just as we might share a sun­ :I flowers, and all the time he is part set, or a sea breeze. There must be I of a vast process by which flowers no embarrassment. Why be em­ celebrate themselves to the glory of barrassed to share what you are? God. An evangelist is never an There must be no spoken or implied owner, a controller, a share-holder, judgment, even pressure. We are all a judge. An evangelist is always and God's children. We are all bought only a sharer, a discloser, a fellow­ with his blood. We are all, and will participant, a co-creator. be all, with him. This is The Good This is, for me, where Jonah was News . .. all we have to do is live all wrong, and Philip was all right. it. •

I

- Occupying a prominent location on the Evanston lakefront is Northwestern University founded by Methodists but now trying to have its name dropped from the list of denominationally affiliated schools. 1n evansron. THe cHurcH rnaKes a 01FFerence RoserT Lear

Seventh in a Series on Religion in U.S. (:ities It somehow wasn' t the kind of rent housing for senior citizens in a lumps from some members of his n ws story you expected to see in suburban area that is predominately congregation, and others, for his Evan ton. white and wealthy. The mean family efforts. In May, in a non-binding A local Hare Krishna temple offi­ income in 1970 was $17,000. action, a 282-212 vote of church cial had fl d with several thousand These are but some of the members called for Dr. Kirkpatrick's dollars in temple funds. economic, social, ed ucational, re­ ouster. (See related story in Moving Har Kri hna temple? In Evans­ ligious and political changes in Finger Writes in this issue.) ton? Evanston during the past dozen " I read a lot of stuff these days The city found d a century ago years. And, while perhaps no more by people who seem to be re gret­ by Methodi ts ; site of the only than half of the city's 60-odd ting the '60s," he muses. World ouncil of Churches Assem­ churches and synagogues have been " I just think it was a great decade bly in the United States; home of active at one time or another in try­ for the church and the consciousness pr tig chur hes with renowned ing to respond to issues in the change of the whole culture has moved on pulpit ; a bastion of political con- process, the community is such that issues more than people realize. rvati m where an elderly resid nt, for any congregation to escape the People are accepting things they leaning heavily on her cane as she effects is a difficult maneuver. fought against accepting five years approached the voting machine, r - ago. Bloodied and Battered spond d to an offer of help from a " It is a quiet acceptance, but it's poll-wal hing minister: "Just put my A lan Streyffeler, activist young there so I think the work of the hand on the R publican lev r! " pastor of Wheadon United Method­ church in relating what was real in The ornately painted branch of ist Church since 1970 and current the nation to the theology of the the Int rnational Society for Kri hna president of the Evanston Ecumeni­ Christian faith was well done and Con ciou ne in what once was a cal Action Council (EAC), believes we should thank God for it." YMCA building serving the city's that, aside from the black churches, A supporting view from outside black population is only one of many " you can count on one hand those the church is provided by Ron change that has come to this proud involved congregations that have Grossman, a Lake Forest (Ill.) College city f 80,000 extending frorn come out of the '60s without being history professor and the author of Chicago's northern boundary some overly bloodied and battered." a recent in-depth look at the com­ thr e-and-on -half miles up the Admitting to " biases that grow out munity in The Chicagoan magazine. park-and-mansion-lined sho re of of my understanding as to what An Effective Church Lake Michigan. faithfulness is and what a local church ought to look like," the "My feeling is that in Evan ston, A Party Switch sandy-bea rded minister, his feet the church over, say, the last ten For one thing, there are now fewer propped on a nail-keg wastebasket to 15 years, has probably exercised hand placed on the GOP voting in his button-bedecked study, thinks more influence . . . than in a lot of machine lever. In 1972, Evanston that only a few of the " dozen or 15" other communities," Prof. Grossman wa one of the few suburban areas congregations that tried to re spond says. in the nation to vote for Sen. George to issues "are what I would call re­ " If you take the Evanston of years McGov rn and to return a favorable newed and have a good sense of ago-shady streets, old-line families, majority for a liberal U.S. Congres­ hea I th ." very conservative ways, and you take sional candidate who lost in the re­ Some others, in his opinion, " tried the E, ·anston of today-a good part mainder of the district. to engage issues, backed off because of the way in which it got from one "Growing up in Chicago 20 years they couldn't quite take the risk, to the other was through the activity ago I wouldn' t have suppo ed that and are suffering hardening of the of the church. McGov rn could even get on the arteries and are going to die any­ " I'm not sure how it happened," ballot in Evan ton," was the way one way." he continued, " but in some ways the ob erv r summed up the chang . Beyond these, he believes, "is a church seems to have percolated the whole range of churches that didn't Diagonally aero s from the Hare thing there . .. either by the fact do anything during the '60s and are Kri hna temple is nine stories of that ministers ca me from outside and still suffering." additional evidence of change­ brought the ideas, or they were there Eb nezer-Primm Towers. Dow Kirkpatrick's Lumps and somehow picked up on the pcned this spring by Ebenezer static and were able to focus it." One of the pastors in Evan ston frican Methodist Episcopal Church, A simi li ar opinion is that voiced it i believed to be the fir t facility who was at the forefront of the religious co mmunity's activities from by Kenneth M. Wylie, Jr., a public of it kind in the nation sponsored relations executive for an Evanston b a black church to provide low- the mid-60s on is Dow Kirkpatrick, senior pastor of First United Meth­ industrial firm, and an active layman odist Church (a church name fre­ in First Presbyterian Church who ha s Robert Lear i ew Director, Evanston quently modified by "prestigious" in lived in the city 20 years. Office, United Methodist Communica­ Chicago newspapers), and one who " In this community I'm convinced tion has taken more than his share of that the church is a real presence ... (325] 13 The traditional image of Evanston as an upper-middle class suburb is being altered. The Evanston Express elevated train carries not only Evanstonians to Chicago to work but Chicagoans to Evanston. (Opposite page) Alice Ausmer and Bernice Daniels sort a church member's contribu­ tions to Neighbors at Work clothing and food center.

/ (and) I don't feel this in some other senior pastor of the mayor and some communities," he says, although 2,400 other members in the church adding that " it is sometimes hard that for decades has anchored one to see it at work." corner of " Holy Ghost Square" -a commons-like park on the edge of Individual Influence the downtown business district Wylie, and others, agree that the ringed by four " First" churches. influence of the religious community But, Dr. Lewis, as others, thinks is exercised primarily through in­ this tradition is just one of many dividuals related to it, rather than affected by what has been described through the institutions themselves. as the decade " in which the dis­ One factor in this circumstance establishment of religion took place undoubtedly is the tradition of the in this town." city whereby many leaders have " As one minister said the other been identified actively with the day," Dr. Lewis chuckles, " the last organized church-the present street has been named in Evanston mayor, for instance, is an elder in that has any religious connotation." First Presbyterian-and even those Civic Image Changing with no religious affiliation seem to be conscious of the church's think­ (And this is a decided change. ing. For instance-Church St. , so-named " A lot of the people who are because of First Methodist; Wesley involved in decision-making are ac­ Ave., Asbury Ave., Dempster St.) tive and vital members of churches " That old image that to be a civic and bring to bear on those deci­ leader you had to be visibly identi­ sions a lot of things the churches are fied with a church ... that's gone," saying," believes Ernest J. Lewis, declares Dr. Kirkpatrick. "When you elect a mayor now nobody puts in the job description that he's got to be an elder in the church . My impression is that up until the '60s that was a part of the job description." This means, in his view, that " the primary agenda for the church right now is trying to understand how the church operates as a minority in an alien culture-which always has been the classic position all through history except in these recent periods when it has been both the culture and the power." One way of working on this agenda, the United Methodist pastor believes, " is to seek to identify the good will of the church with those kinds of movements that are trying to bring about change from injustice to justice ... joining whoever the people are that feel they are victims of the injustices in saying to the power people that you have to change it." Ecumenical Action Council The principal strategy through which some Evanston churches are working together to address present issues is the Ecumenical Action Council chaired by Mr. Streyffeler. Farm Workers; a literacy program; pleted high school, and where as Successor to the old Evanston peace; open housing; support of an many persons have completed four Council of Churches, the EAC func­ emergency food and clothing pro­ yea rs of college as have completed tions primarily through task groups. gram sponsored by a local anti­ high school in the nation as a The chairman describes it as " a poverty program ; educational issues; whole? loose confederation of churches­ police-community relations ; and a Fr. Somerville and Mary Anne main Ii ne Protestant, Catholic, and, weekly radio program attempting to Childs, an Episcopal ian who has in name only, Jewish observers. speak to local issues and involve ­ helped lead th e literacy program, " It never has addressed itself to ment of congregations. Women in place the number of either function­ whether it is acting on behalf of, the church has been raised as an is­ ally illiterate American-born persons, or speaking for, local congrega­ sue, but no specific action has yet or individuals from oth~r countries tions," he continues. " It just assumes been focused. w ho need help to read and write Engl is h, at 5,000 or more. a network of individuals out of local Educational Paradox congregations who share a concern The one-on-one Laubach method that the church have an ecumenical This fall EAC is planning a transi­ is utilized with between 30 and 40 witness, and these individuals speak tion to what is described as a " bare being tutored at a time, most of and act on behalf of the council and bones" structure with a part-time ex­ them at the First Baptist Church. nobody else." ecutive and an emphasis on housing " I can recall only two w hites in A " forum where people can get and development of a black-white the program," Mrs. Ch il ds says. together to meet needs as they come coalition. " One young man and one older." up ... an activity-centered organiza­ One of the busier groups in EAC As could be expected in a city tion," is the way Walter F. Somer­ is the task force concerned with with the educational reputation of ville, an associate pastor at St. Mary's illiteracy. Evanston, one of its major concerns Roman Catholic Church, and an ac­ Illiteracy in Evanston? A city with is the public schools. As a result, the tive leader in EAC, describes it. a major university, two seminaries, schoo ls, particularly the elementary There is a core of about 20 a junior college, and a distinguished district, has been the focus of much churches whose members participate private teacher's college, to say of the polarity in recent years. on one or another of the projects. nothing of an elementary school Computerized Race Mix system and a high school usually Community Involvement ranked with the best in the nation? This concern also, to a degree, is Areas of involvement include men­ A city where 75 per cent of resi­ responsible for development of EAC. tal health; the struggle of the United dents above 25 years of age com- It all began when District 65 (kin- [327] 15 dergarten through eighth grade) read him than did some conservatives. out from its computers a plan pro­ Pro-and-anti-Coffin forces took viding a greater black-white mix than stands with unusually intense­ residence patterns made possible in and, someti mes, excess ive-passion. neighborhood schools. Fr. Somerville recalls that the EAC Roughly 90 per cent of the black education task force was quite active population lives in only about 90 of and " took a rather libera l sta nce," 700 city blocks . This re sulted in one helping earn the EAC a tag that is school being 100 per cent black, and retained to this day. several others being entirely white, Establishment Versus Youth or virtually so . Goal of the program was to pro­ Dr. Kirkpatrick sees it as a time vide in each of the 20 elementary when two " very strong laye rs" of and four junior high schools roughly people moving in Evanston in the· the same racial mix as in the city as past decade first came together-the a whole-about 18 per cent non­ old, establi shment types, and the white in the 1970 ce nsus , an increase youn g, cosmopolitan types. 1 of si x per cent in ten years while Ken Wylie rem embers that his the total popu lation virtually was church, and others, hosted meetings un changed. exploring the pros and co ns. To implement the program, black " I had the fee ling the churches, as chi ldren wou ld be bused to sc hools a natural gatheri ng place for people, in the number necessary to achieve would have been acting abnormally the desired percentages. Busing of if they hadn't taken the occasion to white children was to be on a vol­ inform their members, find out what untary basis. The all-black school they were thinking, and what they was made into a show-piece labora­ wanted," he recalls. tory school. The issue came to a head in an In educational circles the " Evan­ election contested by slates of pro­ ston Plan " was hailed as a master­ Coffin and anti-Coffin forces. In a piece. close vote, the latter won and he At the same time, Gregory Coffin, was fi red. a school executive on the East Coast " I knew how the election was with a shining re putation, was going when I saw all those little old brought in as superintendent. ladies from the upper-class retire­ ment homes lining up at the polls," Resisting Busing one liberal observer said. The busing began-and so did the Although Coffi n is gone, the the problems! effects Ii nger. Some whites resisted the arrival of For one thing, the way appears to the black students (no one stood in have been opened to an extensive the school house door-such a thing overhauling of the traditional would not be done in a place with " caucus" system for nominating the social graces of Eva nston-but school board candidates. disapproval was no less intense) and A New School Board some families even fled the city lest a black first-grade foot in the door This plan, once hailed in an edu­ of an all-white neighborhood be cational journal as " guardian of the without caucus support. (The first followed quickly by father, mother schools," in recent times has been black ever to serve on a public and the rest of the family as resi ­ under fire from many church mem­ school board in Evanston was dents. bers and others for being dominated another United Methodist minister, Some blacks, on principle, didn't by the prosperous, mostly-all white, Prof. Grant S. Shockley, now at like busing any more than some North Evanston and establishment­ Candler School of Theology, and whites. Tension arose when the type groups such as the North Shore that wasn't until 1963.) economically poorer black children Board of Realtors, the Chamber of In the most recent election, all came into contact with white class­ Commerce and civic clubs, to the three caucus candidates were de­ mates from well-to-do professional exclusion of black and low-income feated. fami lies. representation. Church leaders, and others, are There· were other factors, such as At the election subsequent to the not necessarily seeking to abolish what was described as the "abrasive" "Coffin vote," John F. Norwood, a the caucus system, but at the very personality of Dr. Coffin. And it was United Methtodist minister on the least they want to make it repre­ by no means a liberal-conservative staff of a general church agency in sentative of the pluralism in today's dispute since some moderates and Evanston, became the first black to Evanston. liberals had no higher a regard for be elected to the District 65 board Mr. Norwood would like to see 16 [328] The Rev. Jacob Blake was the moving spirit behind the Ebenezer-Primm Towers for the aging (opposite page). Dr. Ernest J. lewis (below), of the First Presbyterian Church, thinks church members are influential although he jokes that " religion has been disestab­ li shed." Willard School Principal David A. Hagstrom (bottom, left) would like to see more church involvement in school iss ues. Rev. Alan Streyffeler (bottom, right) chairs the Ecumenical Action Council.

the church play a large r role in school issues generally. Too Few Students " We are in the process now o·f making a decision to cl ose schools (because of excess space res ulting from a declining student population) and I would like to see the church become involved in terms of just helping the community see that if it does not want to pay more taxes the alternative is to cl ose so me of the schools and make them operate more efficiently," he sa id. " It is not all a school iss ue- recrea tion areas in Eva nsto n often Kin g, Jr., assass ination, w ell­ although blacks have taken only a are re lated to sc hools and cl osing attended marches in support of a small role' in EAC. them w ill affect that. This al so will strong open-housin g ordinance were affect the churches in th at com­ held throughout the city- one of Lacking Common Ground munity and it w o uld be helpful to them on Good Friday night, and " I've been asked to share (in the school board to have the church another on Ea ster afternoon. EAC)," says Hycel B. Taylor, the give us so me vision as to w hat might Th e ordinance subsequently was robust professor of The Church and happen if the sc hool is cl osed be­ adopted by the city council, but a the Black Experience at Garrett­ cause people move into communi­ recent mapping of the city's 14,322 Evangelical, pastor of Second Baptist ties becau se of churches and non-white residents seems .to indi­ Church, and poet, "and I've ad­ schools." cate that little changed for the mitted to those who have invited me Th e school board member, and majority of these who are black. that until we can find grounds on former principal, al so thinks the Some 70 per cent of the approxi­ which we can realistically share to­ church can have a role in interpret­ mately 700 blocks in the city have gether-not this kind of piety where ing a recent board decision that, if ten per cent or less black population, 'the more we get together the hap­ it becomes necessary to close some and roughly 360 have one per cent, pier we'll be'-1 won' t be prepared schools and bus more children, no or les s. to move. more black youngsters will be bused Was the church's effort a failure? " It is a taxing experience and re­ until white children are. " Maybe it is our fault for not quires a lot of energy from black Another school leader who would following through," muses Jacob S. people to get involved in a lot of like to see more church involvement Blake, the dynamic pastor of ecumenical fanfare that is no more is David A. Hagstrom, principal of Ebenezer AME Church and the than a cheap catharsis." Willard elementary school in the guiding spirit behind the Ebenezer­ Dr. Blake notes that "there are city's virtually-all-white area, and an Primm Towers housing project for areas that need to be shored up" in active member of Covenant United the elderly. relations between black and white Methodist Church. (His school is " After getting the ordinance churches, but the working relation­ named for Frances E. Willard whose passed, the churches withdrew." ships " are far better today than when crinoline-encased visage glares I first came here eight years ago." Real Estate Practices sternly out on the first-floor corri­ That the next decade will bring dor.) Don Heyrman, Ken Wylie and even more-and perhaps greater­ others do not look on the substantial change to the people who live Observers at Meetings continuance of old patterns as a beneath the arching elms of Asbury " I don' t think the churches really failure of the churches. Both point Ave., and others, is certain. Less have had much influence in tackling to some gains that have been made certain, perhaps,. is the way in which school issues," Dr. Hagstrom says . and cite economic factors and real these changes will be handled. " It seems to me the persons who estate sales practices that tend to " What I call doing a good job have been most involved in helping discriminate. is keeping the Gospel up against us are non-church people. Our Heyrman, who lives in one of the what is real at the moment," Dr. church has had observers at school most completely integrated sections Kirkpatrick asserts. board meetings, but I cannot think of the city, says that " my wife and ''The church always wants to deal of any really significant kind of im­ I know whites who say they can 't with the problem 15 years after it pact we've had as a church just afford to look in Evanston, and is real and that is an unsuccessful listening to some of those reports." whites generally are more affluent church, I don't care if they've got a Dr. Hagstrom would like to see than blacks." stadium loaded with people. the church take leadership in reliev­ (A look at advertisements in the " But, if we are on schedule with ing tensions between the neighbor­ community weekly newspaper shows whatever is hurting people at this hood attendance area from which little for sale under $40,000, and moment, if we deal with that, and most of his pupils come, and the prices go up into the hundreds of if we find ways to get people ready black area on the city's west side thousands of dollars.) for whatever is going to happen to from which children are bused . Wylie tells of a friend who re­ them next, then we are a successful " The ministers have never met cently put his high-priced house in church." with us as principals," he continued, a mostly-white area on the market, Dr. Lewis says he knows "of no " but I think it would be most inter­ received his best offer from a black, community in America that offers esting .if some who are concerned and sold to him. more potential . . . (and) what I about the kinds of things we are try­ " While we have to recognize see the church doing and being in ing to do in the schools would have that we have failed to achieve over­ the years ahead is acting as a catalyst breakfast with us sometime and just all integrated housing," Heyrman that brings these resources into such find out what it is that we are says, " the church has had some in­ play that there is dialogue and out all about." fluence in easing tensions and we of that dialogue there is effective Racial issues generally in the com­ have made some impact on lending implementation." munity have he ld the attention of institutions." "Everything is here to make this a concerned church leaders for a Both black and white church model city," agrees Dr. Blake, "once number of years. leaders say working relationships we bring the humanness into line Jn the wake of the Martin Luther between the two groups are good, with the physical attributes." • 18 [330] FANlllE Ill ETHIOPIA

h•••• lty ...... ~. 20 [ 332) ETH I0 PIA has suffered one of the worst famines in recent years. Drought in an area which produces forty per cent of the total food crop for the nation affected nearly two million people. Thousands died as the earth dried up, crops withered and cattle and work animals died.

The situation was complicated by the fact that in the early stages of the famine the Ethiopian government tried to downplay its extent and serious­ ness. Supplies began to reach the country in adequate amounts but the lack of transportation and roads hindered distribution.

The conditions shown in these pictures have been alleviated by now but the future prospects are not good. Torrential rains in March made fifty thousand people homeless and washed out sections of a major highway, further impeding shipments of grain to a major drought area.

While immediate relief efforts are always necessary, there is recognition that drought and hunger problems in Ethiopia and in Africa generally are long-range problems. Church World Service (which includes the United Meth­ odist Committee on Relief) is giving money to water-measuring and water retention programs as well as providing food and blankets for disaster re­ lief. The World Council of Churches' Commission on the Churches' Partici­ pation in Development has been working with the Ethiopian Orthodox Church in a program of training priests to become change-agents in their parishes. More than 200,000 priests serve in some 15,000 parishes in Ethi­ opia; most of them work the land. These are necessary but slow projects. In the meantime, relief must be given to the victims of the famine, such as these people seen making an exodus from their home territory (opposite) in- to refugee camps (below). 22 [334] These Danakil tribesmen (opposite page) are building roads in a food-for-work program in Tigre Province, designed to aid these nomads. Dried earth in Wollo Province shows the extent of the drought. Priests of the Ethiopian Orthodox Church are being trained as change-agents for their areas. A program for adopting orphans left without families as a result of the famine has been started by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church (left, above). Institutions such as St. Paul's Hospital can treat victims (right, above) but the farmers of Ethiopia wait for long-term help, help which many feel can only come after the breaking down of the feudalistic agricultural system which hampers development.

24 (336)

THE ··sTONE PRAYERS'' OFLALIBELA

In the province of Wallo in North Central Ethiopia are located some of the most am az­ ing examples of the ancient Christian culture of that nation. Here are el even churches carved out of solid rock. They were built in the Twelfth Century by the orders of King Lalibela. According to pious legend, the idea was shown to him in a dream by angels who aided in the construction. More realistically, it is thought that the king hoped to build a center to rival . the ancient city of Axsum. Whatever the motivation, the re ality is startling enough. Trenches were excavated and solid blocks w ere cut out and then the interiors hollowed out and worked to form churches. Today, Lalibela (renamed after the king) is a pilgrimage and tourist center, tended by some one thousand priests. The Church of Abba Livanos (named after a priest) gives some idea of the sca le of the churches (below). This priest (opposite page) is the cu stodian of the Church of Gabriel and Raphael. He is married and has three children.

The interior of the Church of Gabriel and Raphael (opposite, top). A priest with some of the icons and holy books (opposite, bottom). Columns in the Church of the Redeemer (below).

(341] 29 e esus (circa 3 B.C.E.-30 C.E .*) ties, and their Jewish collaborators, was a Jew who lived in ancient were opposed to anyone who at­ Palestine toward the end of the tracted either a religious and or l second Jewish Commonwealth. political following amol"'g the peo­ Whatever knowledge we have about ple. King Herod Antipas ruled the Jesus comes solely from the New area at the behest of the Romans, Testament. His life and teachings are and he saw Jesus as a dangerous not mentioned in any other existing person, and he sought his death. literature of his own day. Jesus, like other observant Jews The first thirty years of Jesus' life of his day, made a Passover pilgrim­ are quite vague in the Gospels, but age to Jerusalem, accompanied by much is known from other sources his twelve apostles, and there he about the Jewish life of the period. publicly predicted the destruction It was a time of cruel Roman military of the Jewish Temple, and he also occupation filled with religious denounced the entrenched Temple ferment, political turbulence, and priesthood. Naturally, the priests barbaric punishments. were angered, and with the conni­ In ancient Palestine during the vance of Judas, one of the twelve first half of the first century, there apostles, Jesus .was arrested follow­ were at least four major uprisings ing a festive Passover Seder meal directed against the Roman authori­ complete with wine and matzah (un­ ties. Crucifixion was a common form leavened bread) . of Roman execution ; indeed many One of the world's foremost New Jews of the period suffered this Testament scholars, David Flusser of extreme penalty. the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, Because of the severity of the has written in the Encyclopedia foreign occupation and persecution, Judaica that: some Jews chose to live a secluded The Gospels in their present hermit-like existence far away from form contain descriptions of the city life, residing in caves or in so-called " trial" of Jesus re­ remote communes. Such Jews lived written in a way making them an intensely religious and ascetic life. improbable from the historical One of these sects was the Es­ point of view . .. all Gospels senes who initiated their members writers to some degree exagger­ by water baptism. Thus, Joshua ated Jewish "guilt" and mini­ (Jesus is the Greek for the original mize Pilate's involvement. Hebrew), the son of Joseph, was The brief life and early death of baptized by an important Jewish Jesus attracted great attention among religious personality of the day, Yo­ his devout followers, but it was little hanan (John the Baptist), whose noted by the rest of the Palestinian theological beliefs were very similar Jewish community and by the to the Essenes. Jesus was about 30 Roman authorities. years old when he was baptized. Christianity, the religion that grew For the next year or two· Jesus up around Jesus, began almost un­ preached in synagogues and along noticed in those tumultuous last the shores of Lake Kinneret (or the days of the Second Temple. Later Sea of Galilee), and he attracted a interpretations and cosmic claims following, as did other Jewish about Jesus caused an early theo­ preachers of the time. logical separation between Judaism The Roman occupation authori- and Christianity that has existed to our own day. • Common Era It is clear, however, that Jesus

30 (342) ------A.James Rudin ''' •tf ieMllM

as a Jew was faithful to his people's passion and love; for Jesus is the tradition, and, indeed, his moral and bridge through which the eternal ethical teachings are quite similar to moral message of Judaism entered the Pharisaic precepts of Hillel (who the new daughter faith. had lived a generation earlier) with But Jews have rema ined con­ their particular emphasis upon the vinced, however, that the covenant love of God and one's neighbor. between God and the Jew ish people Jesus, like some Essene teache rs is a binding agreement in which of the time, stressed special concern they have promised to serve and for the humble, the poor, the op­ worship Him, and God has promised pressed, and the downtrodden. Thus, to sustain and protect them forever. Jesus, like all human beings, was According to this covenant, God very much a product (and a victim) hears their prayers, forgives their sins of his particular time and place in and pardons their transgressions, history. while they, in turn, perform His He probably saw himself as a commandments or mitzvot. prophet, but he never mentioned This covenant is without the need the word " Messiah ." He referred to of any intermediary or vicarious himself instead as " Son of Man," savior. Judaism, for its adherents, is a phrase whose precise meaning is not unfulfilled, nor is it incomplete, unclear. indeed, there is no religious void It is important to distinguish be­ which Jesus or any other like figure tween the human Jewish Jesus could fill. described above, and the cosmic Let it be clearly stated: Jews do Christian Christ, as articulated by not believe that Jesus was the Mes­ Paul and other early Christian re­ siah, Jews can not call him Savior ligious leaders. or Lord, Jews do not believe he was Paul , who is sometimes called the divine, that is, God come to earth real " Founder of Christianity," never in flesh and blood. saw Jesus in the flesh. It was Paul, But the theological gap between however, who added some new and Jew and Christian is more than a controversial elements to the re­ series of affirmations or deeply held ligion of Christianity including the beliefs. For even after Jews have insistence that flesh is evil and heard and understood the Christian should be suppressed, the notion of claims and expla nations, Jews do not original sin and damnation from see Jesus in the same way. before birth, and the conception of The Jewish view of sin, repentance Jesus not as only man, but as God and atonement are profoundly dif­ made flesh . Jesus, in Christian teach­ ferent. Jews are quite prepared to ing, is the second part of the Holy let God resolve these differences " at Trinity, the personal savior for all the end of days" in the Eschaton . mankind, and the Messiah for all But in this life the differences will history. remain . It is not whether the Jewish Jews have rejected Paul 's con­ way is better than the Christian way, cepts, but Jews have never " re­ rather it is that the two ways are jected" Jesus, who was, as Martin so different. · Buber reminds us, a " Jewish Judaism's view of ·sin is quite I I brother." Nor have Jews " rejected" different from Christianity's. For the Christianity's basic message of com- Jew sin is basically any departure Rabbi Rudin is Assistant Director of from the divinely revealed rule of the Jnterreligious Affairs Department of life, whether in the area of morals, the American Je w ish Committee. ethics, or religious observance,

[343] 31 God, but sins against one's fellow man can only be absolved when re­ tribution has been made, and when pardon from the offended party has been obtained. Because there is no original sin in Judaism, each generation, each per­ son is responsible for his own ac­ tions, his own sins. Each generation, each person, then, must seek his own repentance and atonement. No inter­ mediaries or vicarious saviors are needed. Nor can Jews accept the highly suspect quality of prophetic predic­ tion by which the ancient Hebrew prophets announced the coming of Jesus as Messiah. Despite the fact that the Biblical prophets lived hun­ dreds of years before Jesus, the early Christian leaders retroactively read Jesus into the Hebrew Bible as a " proof" for their own claims. The 53rd Chapter of the Biblical book of Isaiah contains an idealized description of a servant to God. Some Christians believe this chapter, probably written in Babylonia about 600 years before Jesus, is a predic­ tion of Jesus as the Messiah. Jews see this and· all other such writing as Prophetic poetry, an attempt to exalt and inspire an exiled and downtrodden people. Finally, Jews cannot accept the Messianic claims about Jesus. He was not the first nor the last to be proclaimed as the Jewish Messiah. Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the ten-day period of penitence in the Indeed, the very nature of the Mes­ Jewish year. "Repentance and atonement are integral parts of Judaism. It is siah has been a shifting, emerging, withi~ the power of every man to redeem himself from sin by resolutely and changing concept in all of post­ breaking away from it and by repenting or returning to God." Jewish-Christian Biblical Jewish life. It has reflected dialogue is a concern of the United Presbyterian Church and the Ecumenical the hopes of the Jewish people for and lnterreligious Concerns Division of BOGM. deliverance in the various lands and situations in which they found them­ whether deliberate or unwitting. Nor selves. does Judaism accept the doctrine of For Jews, Jesus was not the Mes­ original sin . siah, for the expectations simply Repentance and atonement are were not fulfilled. Rome's power integral parts of Judaism. It is within was not broken, rather it became the power of every man to redeem more savage and led to two other himself from sin by resolutely break­ armed Jewish uprisings in 70 C.E. ing away from it and by repenting and 135 C.E . The royal line of David or returning (Teshuvah) to God. was not restored, the dispersion of Teshuvah (Repentance) is a pre­ the Jews continued, and hatred, war, requisite for Kapparah (Atonement) . famine, injustice-all went on just Yorn Kippur (The Day of Atonement) as before. is the culmination of the 10-day Jews see Jesus as part of a long period of repentance that begins the line of Jewish religious figures who Jewish year. For a person who persists sought by word and deed to teach in sinning, depending only upon the Jewish people ways to enhance receiving atonement on Yorn Kippur, and deepen that sacred eternal his sins are not forgiven. Yorn Kippur covenant with the living God of can absolve man from sins against Israel. • TheEa st Asian Chris ti an Confer- The UIM in South Ko rea, for ex­ Christian Industrial Mission has ence, an ecumenica l arm of the ample, has been working with been operating in Korea for nearly World Council of Churches to w hich laborers, peasants and slum-dwellers fiftee n yea rs, and most of that time the World Division of the Boa rd of to study and develop housi ng and up to two or three years ago it has Global Ministries of the United hea lth reso urces . It has trained or­ had a close working relationship Methodist Church gives support, has ga nizers and organized unions. In wi th the labo r unions of the nation. developed a number of Urban In­ one city, it o rga nized a union for In the last few years, however, this dustrial Missions (UIM) in sixteen over 2,700 tea- room cooks, res tau­ relati onship has become very Asian countries-among them, rant wai ters and barbers. It has al so strained. Rec ently, the Federation of South Korea. chall enged the practices of existing Ko rea n Trade Unions (FKTU ), Korea's UIM philosophy centers on the labor unions. It has raised the co n­ coun te rp art of th e AFL-CIO, issued fact that " Asian history is about to sc io usness of women workers w hose a strong statement that appeared in embark on a new second liberation labor conditions are worse than men all the major newspapers of Seoul of people. The first was national (the Inchon tea m has held educa­ attacking industrial mission and its liberation from colonial dominati on. tional programs for over 20,000 missioners. The seventies could be marked as women), maintained a labor news Th e cau ses behind this strained the dawn of the people's liberation," broa dcas t, and held semi nars to help relationship between industrial mis­ says the introduction to the UIM enl ighten the church on labo r and sion and the top leaders of Korean Project Reports 1972. " The people, social problems and to challenge the labo r are se veral. . though come of age for the struggle statu s-quo psychology. 1. Industrial mission has now for for liberation, are powerless until This has brought some UIM eight yea rs or more carried on pro­ they form themselves into an organ i­ projects into conflict with the Park grams of labor education for Korea's I zation and exercise the power they Chung Hee regi me, as well as the industrial workers, and it has hap­ I will find they have . . . Power­ Ko rea n Federa ti on of• Trade Unions. pened not infrequently that partici­ I building for the people's liberati on The following article enlarges on th e pants in these classes have attempted is the redemptive process to which problem. to apply the union democracy they all Christians witness ..." lea rn ed to their own unions. In many ..--JdSEPH HILL------...-.-----. INDUSTRIAL MISSION & KOREAN TRADE UNIONS

[345] 33 cas es this brought conflict and chal­ picion of being a Communist. lenge to the union leaders. 4. There has been a whole series 2. Each of the industrial mission of incidents over the last four years groups have small cells of Christians or more where workers and union­ in many of the factories of the Seoul, ists have been beaten, or jailed, and Inchon area. These cell groups meet in a couple of cases have actually for prayer and exchange of ideas been killed. When these incidents about problems in the factories and have occurred the KFTU and the unions. These cell groups have usu­ leaders of the national industrial all y cooperated with the local union unions have backed off from any leaders, but they have at times criti­ support of the workers or the local cized union leaders for their unwill­ unionists. This attitude, it is believed, ingness to stand up for workers' has been mainly the result of the ri ghts. KCIA presence. 3. Th ere also has been a dramatic At the same time, however, the increase in the infiltration of labor industrial missions and the Catholic union leadership by police and the JOC (Young Christian Workers) have Ko rea n Central Intelligence Agency taken up the gauntlet and have stood (KCIA). Their purpose, of course, is by the workers and have attempted to keep the w orkers and the unions to prod the top union leaders to quiet and docil e. Their presence al so action. Wherever possible the indus­ places the union leaders in a real trial missioners use ma ss media and predica ment. Any sign of inde­ church gatherings to prea ch their pendent action or willingness to message about the workers' suffer­ act contrary to government direc­ ings. When money was available, tives mea ns quick reprisals : dismissal they would al so cooperate with local from office, a beating, arrest, black­ unions or individuals in order to ba lling from employment or sus- seek legal redress for the wrongs suffe red. Needless to say these ac­ Joseph Hill is the pseudonym of a tions did not endear industrial mis­ veteran obse rver of Korea and i!s labor sions to either the FKTU , the national unions. industri al unions or the government. 34 [ 346] A dramatic climax was recently Christians who have not supported arrived at when the president of the industrial mission in the past were Hankook Mobang Textile Mill at­ so incensed by the abusive language tacked the local union chairman and of the advertisement that they have beat him so severely that he was expressed support for the men in hospitalized for two weeks. The industrial mission. union chairman was getting out of (3) It has also resulted in putting a car and before he could get fully industrial mission and urban mission to his feet the company president under an even closer scrutiny by the hit him with his fist on the side of government and the KCIA. Four men the jaw. The ring on his finger tore have already been sentenced to open the union chairman's face. Af­ fifteen years in prison, and most of ter that, the company president and the others have been detained at the a cohort systematically beat the KCIA headquarters or intimidated or union man until third parties came threatened in one way or another. by and stopped them. The government now seems deter­ The KFTU and the leaders from mined to eliminate industrial mission the National Textile Union refused altogether. Only a few people in the to become involved. The union government know what is good for chairman and his people came to the nation and the nation's workers. the industrial mission and the Cath­ Groups like industrial mission that olic JOC. After a prayer meeting and preach social justice, equality in discussion, a letter was penned and Christ and the rights of man are not sent to both the FKTU and the to be tolerated. national textile union accusing them The struggle between industrial of betraying the rights of the workers missions and the FKTU is actually and calling for their resignations if a struggle between industrial mission they would not act. and the present ruling regime. It is The response of the FKTU was to a struggle that reflects a far wider issue a large, expensive advertise­ storm that is brewing in this beauti­ ment in all the big daily newspapers. ful land. • The advertisement accused the in­ dustrial missioners of having lost their own calling to holy orders. It said that these industrial missioners were interfering in purely union af­ fairs in order to build up their own political power. And finally it threat­ ened to crush industrial mission and those involved in it if they did not stay out of union affairs. The impact of this advertisement has been strong: (1) It has helped tear apart the KFTU and the labor movement. Many in the union op­ posed the advertisement idea, but pressures from the few KCIA repre­ sentatives won the day. This attack on industrial mission is only one facet of a new government attack on the church. In one unpublished docu­ ment of the FKTU, industrial mission is accused of being a Communist front organization attempting to cap­ ture the unions for the Communists. The absurdity of such a statement is obvious to everyone, but the government and the KCIA are ob­ sessed with the idea that anything outside their own control must be of Communist origins. Urban Industrial workers (above) work (2) Industrial mission has gained in areas like these in Seoul (opposite considerable support from both page, top) and Inchon (opposite, church and non-church groups. Even bottom). Kenneth D. Loss

he selected mobile-home-court min­ villages, it seems to be a national even million people in the istry as his subject. Immediately he pattern that mostly younger families S United States call a mobile discovered he could not go it alone. inhabit mobile-home courts. home their place of residence. That So, in a careful evaluation of his Sixty-six percent of mobile-home is five times more than twenty years congregation, he asked four women residents covered in the interviews ago. Five years ago First National City and two men to serve on a study were laborers, service personnel, Corporation, a financial research or­ group with him, meeting biweekly. machine operators, or truck drivers. ganization in New York City, pro­ Three were-and still are-mobile­ Only sixteen percent were white­ jected a mobile-home population of home residents. One was a former collar workers and only two percent 26,000,000-approximately ten per­ mobile-home resident. Two had independent businessmen. Keller cent of the population-by 1980. never lived in a mobile home. Later, and the group were surprised to Such staggering statistics and pro­ a member of a nearby Presbyterian learn that thirty-four percent of the jections impress perceptive Chris­ Church joined the group. mobile-home residents having a tians with the need for special out­ At one of the group's first sessions denominational affiliation said they reach into mobile-home courts. One Keller reported that he had found attended a United Methodist or . young pastor who is showing un­ little response from mobile-home­ Lutheran Church . .Twenty-nine per­ usual concern is the Reverend court residents to numerous calls. cent said they were Roman Catholic. David A. Keller, for more than nine Further, he had been unable to find Only eleven percent indicated at­ years minister at Heshbon Park any published information he con­ tendance at a so-called fundamental­ United Methodist Church in sub­ sidered particularly helpful with his ist or independent church. In con­ urban Williamsport, Pennsylvania, problem. ventional housing, one in five and now pastor of the Otterbein Together Keller and his special attended an independent church and United Methodist Church, Sunbury, support group aimed to find possi­ 53 percent attended United Meth­ Pennsylvania. Greater Williamsport, bilities for ministry at the most ele­ odist or Lutheran churches. with a population of about 65 ,000, mentary level. Ministry meant being National figures suggest that both stands on the banks of the West spiritually helpful, not necessarily mobile-home owners and owners of Branch of the Susquehanna River. bringing-or attempting to bring­ conventional homes move every five It is the birthplace and headquarters everyone ministered to into Hesh­ years. Keller's survey, however, of Little League baseball. bon Park Church. showed residents of nearby mobile During his first seven years in this Mobile-home courts are virtually homes moved every two years and middle-class parish, Pastor Keller invisible to much of the population. residents of nearby conventional had been a regular visitor in the The study group was surprised to homes moved every eleven years. nearest mobile-home courts. He learn there were not just a few but Ministry to mobile-home courts believed-but didn't know-that the n,lne courts within two miles of the should be an uninterrupted, on­ people there were being largely church. The courts are all year-round going activity or many will come and ignored by mainline churches. He places of residence without special go before they can be ministered wanted to bring them into a saving services. to at all . relationship with Jesus Christ Keller went door to door conduct­ A University of Arkansas study through the church. ing long interviews and setting up says families with less than $10,000 Then, a little ·aver two years ago, appointments for others. He also annual income have no choice in he decided to approach the problem conducted many interviews in a new housing except mobile homes. lr in a more organized manner. In conventional-housing neighborhood It was no surprise, therefore, to undertaking a special field of study for purposes of comparison. Keller learn that sixty percent of the family toward a doctor-of-ministry degree, believed the church could provide a units in nearby courts had annual in­ more effective ministry if it first comes under $8,000. Mr. Loss, a journalist, is a member of learned something about the persons Initially, Pastor Keller and his sup­ the Heshbon Park United Methodist port group, utilizing facilities of Church. Mobile-home-court ministry is it hoped to minister to. Keller a concern of the Urban Ministries de­ found that 67 percent of mobile­ Heshbon Park Church, prepared partment, National Division, Board of home-court residents were under 39 special flyers which included a map Global Ministries . years of age. Except in retirement positioning the church in relation to 36 (348] the courts, a ·list of church activities, courts. In time, it may well be more, times of services, brief notes of for three non-members from mobile­ special events and personal items home courts who worship there about members and groups within regu larly appear moving toward the church, including teen-agers and membership. Also, an initial nega­ children. Meanwhile, Pa stor Kelle r tive reaction is not necessarily the kept up his program of personal last word. One member who lives visitation. in a mobile-home co urt recalled that Hundreds of gift New Testaments he and his wife had not let Keller were placed in a member-owned into their home the first time he coin-operated laundry near two of ca ll ed. The support group hopes the the courts. The books moved rapidly gro wi ng number of mobile-home for a while-until that particular residents in the congregagtion pre­ " market" apparently was saturated. sages further responses from this seg­ Each New Testament included a ment of the surrounding community. Hes hbon Park Church nameplate This ministry has not been going urging the recipient to rea d the book on as the secret adventure of a Information on the bulletin board in and exp ress ing the hope that in so handful of people. Continuing efforts doing he would find a closer rela­ Heshbon Park United Methodist Church have been made to keep the congre­ is updated weekly; Rev. David A. tionship w ith Jesus Christ. gation informed. In mobile-home­ Keller interviews Mr. and Mrs. Terry The nex t special ministry was a co urt ministry as in any other, an Knittle outside their mobile home; Bible Club for kindergarten through informed congregation is a more A Tuesday afternoon Bible club session fourth-grade children in a si ngle concern ed congregation. • in a mobile home court. court. Th e idea developed in the study group. Implementation came w hen Keller obtained the sponsor­ ship of the Hepburn-Lycoming Ministe rium, w hich includes United Methodists, Lutherans, a Presby­ terian, a Baptist, and a Christian and Missionary Alliance pastor. Eight youngsters, including two Roman Catholics, re sponded each Tu es day after school fo r an hour of music, handicrafts, and sto ry-teach­ ing of the Li fe of Jesus. Th ey met in a 15x15-foot former laundry building provided by the cou rt owner. Such facilities are not always available, but a vaca nt mobile home, la rge camper, or even made-over sc hool­ bus might se rve the purpose. Club leaders were women from two United Methodist churches and a Pres byterian church. Th e m1n1 s­ terium purchased two electric space heaters for the club, and the home­ m1 ss 1on arm of Heshborn Park Church appropriated $125 to be used for material s as needed. How­ ever, left-over vacation-Bible-school material s provided most of w hat was needed. Beca use of lack of a meet­ ing place and personnel, a request to set up a Bible club in another court was turned down. Although Pasto r Kell er is conserva ­ tive in evaluating the result of these attempts at ministe ring to nearby courts, there ha s been some re­ sponse. In fact, seve n or eight per­ cent of the Heshbon Park member­ ship consists of mobile-home resi ­ dents, some of whom re side in I I i I I

A look at the chutch~ schools In halti

Winston H. Taylot ook at · the swarms of children and the school and feeding plan are atypi ca l, for the capital's half million L in the stree ts and shacks of Haiti at the focus. M others come here too people are only 20 per cent of the and you wonder how the church can for tra ining in nutrition and family rural nation-somewhat of an ana­ hope to accomplish anything in planning. chronism in today's urbanized education. world. Learning by Doing Look again at what the church is In this city, the church decided doing, and hope emerges from the And around the community th e so me 15 years ago to concentrate stress on quality rather than quantity older members are learning by doing on quali ty education and created, -new methods, practical rather in building their first roads (l ess than alongsid e its principal congregation, than purely academic content in­ ten miles out of the capital city) , Nouvea u Coll ege Bird, the revival tended to help the entire land, grow ing seed s into seedlings to plant of a sc hool founded by a British involvement of all age s. for reforestation of the barren, mi ss ionary of the 19th century. For of Haiti's two and a half storm-swept hills, building walls df Its teachers denounced the ar­ million children of school age, only th e abundant rock to hold the soil chaic teac hi ng then typical in Haiti a half million go to school, and only from washing dow n steep slopes and and in tro duced new methods. While 4,000 of those to Methodist schools. on to the ocean. other schools in the city have copied Si x per cent finish the primary This is one of the approaches it in many ways, it continues to in­ grades. Education's share in the utilized by Service Chretien d' Ha iti novate . government budget is only 4 per (SCH ), the local arm of Church A Model in the Capital cent-in a desperately poor land World Service, much of w hose sup­ where average income is $71 per port comes through .UMCOR in the In largel y contemporary buildings, year. One Great Hour of Sharing. Co llege Bi rd has some 1,000 students But, for Haiti's Methodists, " hope A few rocky miles away in th e from kindergarten through junior and accomplishment exist in healthy same mountains, a score of young co ll ege. Its headmaster is Rosny Des­ tension," according to missionary women walk two to fou r miles daily Roches, a Haitian who led many of Leslie Griffith. He points, for in­ to Bellevue de la M ontagne. It li ves his classes while doing advanced stance, to the rural , 158-year-old up to its name, but they have little work in Geneva. Duplan Church near Port-au-Prince : time to appreciate the striking Here agai n the commitment and " Think of the church at Duplan as panorama of mountains, valleys and the hope show through. Many of a seedbed where we plant the lives sea, w hile they learn to sew. Supple­ the class rooms open onto a busy of young Christians and where we menting the islanders' native skills dow ntown street and, since glassed hope one day we will be able to in embroidery and crocheting, they w indows are a rarity in warm Haiti, harvest in abundance." learn to make garments they can use moto r and pedestrian noises intrude and, more importantly, can sell. SCH to th e point of distraction for an Commitment to Edu cation has found outlets for the smocks, America n. A look at the church's schools, dresses and shirts they fash ion. Older students at secondary levels ii as members of United Methodist The community has voted to back get a chance to learn the languages Committee on Relie f had this winter, loans for seven of the girls to buy and ski lls which should serve them 11 is convincing of the commitment treadle sewing machines which will w ell in jobs . Still innovating, the Haitian Methodists have to educa­ enable them to have a mean s of school has on its planning schedules tion. The members al so saw those support, often missing for this age speci al sections for commercial and chi ldren at Duplan, row upon row group. Needlecraft is not the only te ch nical education of the kinds of them in the la mp-lit sanctuary, thing they learn, but al so nutrition, needed to help the whole country crowded with families w ho would health and child care. develop economically. later walk miles to their homes by Pastor Griffith stresses the effort Schoo ls in Rural Areas the light of the moon and torches. is to raise living standards and to The work begi ns earl y. High on This is the kind of education th at " enlarge the vision of an imprisoned the Kenscoff, the hills overlooking crops up across the struggling island, man and help him make decisions." Port-au-Prince, Marie Mathe oper­ in the smal l villages and communi­ While most secondary schools are ates a center w here three- and four­ ties that appear frequently alon g Catholic-sponsored, it is pointed year-olds, many wearing only ragged the trails. These students do a lot out that they tend to be elitist and shirts and no pants, get their first of walking, but are not th e ones se lective. At least one in the city has ta ste of education . They play and condemned to a daily walk along ultra-modern buildings which would are read to-along w ith getting the ro cky trails to crowded market give pri de to any U.S. school system . taste of more nutritious food than places hoping for a handful of Uniforms Mark Students their homes can provide for their pennies (or the Haitian currency hungry stomach s. For four months known as gourds) before ni ght fa ll s, W hether at Col lege Bird or the at a time, six days a w eek, these through hawking candy, fruit, post­ " suburban ," tightly crowded Carre­ . I children are wal ked into the rude cards or trinkets to tourists. four, the lower grade children in all house at Grande Sava n for a variety In a way, the Port-au-Pr ince area town sc hools wear uniform dress­ of nourishment. can be viewed as a mi crocosm of simply a colored shirt, plus trousers Thi s is one of the communities the church's work in Haiti, for in or sk irt. (O ne big difference ou ts ide w hich made its ow n decision as to it occurs every type of edu ca tiona l the city is that the smallest tyke s how church aid would be spent- venture. In another se nse it is may be wearing nothing more than [ 351] 39 alienation from the slow-to-change Americas-exists w ith the barest community. Eve n in the lower minimum of trai ned personnel, and grades, Methodist schools attempt its educational problems would to relate the studies closely to pan ic most A mericans, it continues job needs and motivation. the effort to make quality the key­ The same motivation is at work in note. Without a quality bas e, any the decision to use Creole in the rea listic effort at reaching the church sc hools. Although French is Haitians in quantity w ould appear the official national language, church doomed. educators saw it as another barrier In steady growth since given to practical learn ing for most chil­ autonomy from the British M ethod­ dren because of the widespread use ist Confe rence 39 yea rs ago, the of Creole for speech . ch urch also has ex panded its mem­ Pioneering Training College bership from the mo re elite town­ dwell ers to include many from the O ne of the most creative pi onee r­ illiterate peasa ntry. The re sultant ing efforts visible in the Port-au­ te nsion p rovides opportunity for Prince area is an extension of Col­ service as well as the inevitable cul­ lege Bi rd- the Trai ning College for tura l p roblems. Rural Teachers at suburban Freres. Th e district, w ith 3,000 members a tattered undershirt.) Th is makes it To this unique institu tion come stu ­ and so me 20,000 constituents, is rather easy to identify sc hool chil­ dents from all of the nation., se nt hard-pressed to se rve its churches dren amongi the stea dy st rea m of by their chu rc hes or co mmuni ties . Its with four ordained nationals, one Haitians walking along the city's principal is Jea n Baptiste, another deaconess and four miss ionary min­ st reets throughout the day. European-educated Haitian come isters. The bulk of the ministry must Ca rrefour is in the center of an home to share w ith his people. be carried on by some 200 local exploding low- and middle-class sec­ Here, in the is land's typ ica l con­ preachers, es pecially since some of tion on the edge of Port-au-Prince. crete-block, ti n-roofed buildings, 50 the congrega ti ons on the five circuits To meet expanding needs, a modern young Haitian men and women lea rn are linked (o r divi ded) only by trai ls A-frame church structure was about community ~ d eve l op m e n t , o r miles of water. At the same time, erected here in 1971, but school education methods and psycho logy, it is trying to lessen its dependence attendance has leaped from 150 to as well as ag ri culture, crafts, li te racy on reso urces of UMCOR and British 350 si nce then-w ith endless re­ and cooperative manage ment. They Meth odism, by developing its own sources of chi ldren at hand. (Family get highly practica l experi ence on so urces of income. planning is not a high priority.) the school's fa rm and shops and in Year-Round Efforts The sanctuary is the setting for an associated primary sc hool. After th ree classes each of six mo rnin gs three years, each is expected bu t not So lay training is a constant need a week, w hile in adjacent bu il d in gs obligated to work in a rural area for and a continual program-year­ each room jams in two classes under his or her sponso r. rou nd efforts on all circuits in such one teacher-children o n ru de This sc hool's goal is to provi de areas as literacy and evangelism and benches and sometimes at p lank vital mid-stage personnel-techni­ development. tables. O ne-just one-of the most cia ns w ho ca n work in tea ms w ith M alnutrition is called Haiti's No. 1 p romising upper cl ass members each p rofessionals and then p rovide con­ problem, but it is only one among yea r is se nt on for three yea rs at a tinuity between the infreq uent visits many. Th e schooling aims to reveal teacher training sc hool. to a communi ty by the p rofessionals, the problems' inter-relatedness and w ho are sp rea d thin by their small how they might be overcome. Adult Literacy Classes numbers. UMCO R members who paid their Here too are ad ult literacy classes Again, the emphasis is on up-to­ own way here to see how United each afternoon and the beginnings date methods but w ith full recogni­ Meth odist money is being utilized to of a ce nter for lay training. tion of the "practi ca l rea li ties" -the meet the many problems got their A point of pride also at Carrefour students won' t have modern faci lities own educa tion in the process. is the developing cooperation with or environment in w hich to work. O ne resource in Haiti seems end­ Catholics, who p redominate, at least less- children. One in short supply Bringing Back Alumni nominally, in the city. Gri ffith, a is money, but church leaders stress former pasto r here, remarks about Th is emphasis is furthered by that putting money into the situation cooperation in teacher traini ng and bringing so me of th e " alumni" back too fas t would hurt. They are willing the availabil ity of some Catholic to advise on the effectiveness and to grow slowly to prove the serious­ buildings for sometime use . p racticality of thei r trai ning experi­ ness of the church's intentions and At these and other Methodist ence, and to get up-dating. The fi rst to kee p the stress on quality. schools, one of the goals is to try three trainees went out in 1966. The The church, according to th~ Rev. to overcome a devastating res ul t of number now is about 15 each yea r. Alain Rocourt, president of the Haiti past " ed ucation" - reluctance to go Though the Haitian District-part D istrict, sees all this as " evangelism to work o r " back to the fa rm" once of the autonomous M ethodist -for the whole body, mind and schooling is acquired. There is an Chu rch' of the Caribbea n and the sp irit." • 40 [ 352] ventur ·in world m1ss1on by tioned on the islands and exerted they started by devising an alphabet United Methodism is taking too much authority the Cunas re­ in the 1940's, with help of Wycliffe a root among Cuna Indians of volted (1925) . In an attempt to keep translators. Acuatupu Island-of the San Blas tribal blood and culture pure, they When Mrs. Purdy sent the Cuna Archipelago extending from near the killed outsiders and any half-breeds boy called Oloilipippilele to the Atlantic entrance of the Panama fathered by those Panamanian offi­ United States, she changed his name Canal, to Colombia. cials. Two white missionaries (Anna to Peter Miller, for a well-known Near those world shipping lanes Coope and Martha Purdy) were evangelist of that day-and for obvi­ exists the Cuna culture unchanged helped to escape by small boat. ous reason . Peter attended Greens­ (except for a few islands) since But those "Bible women" had boro Bible Institute (N .C.), a Meth­ Christopher Columbus dropped sown seed that is now resulting in odist school in Kentucky, Vennard anchor in that region . some of the most exciting "happen­ in Chicago, and a college in All en­ Cuna Indians have long been ings" in missions today. town, Pa . suspicious of outsiders, and with They had selected a few promising Later, at San Blas, he and a few reason. The estimated 750,000 were Cuna boys, and sent them to the other Christian Cunas, and those reduced to 20,000 when Spanish United States to study. They told the two American wives, started translat­ conquistadores determined to ex­ boys, "You can come back and do ing the New Testament book by terminate them for their gold. Those for your people what we were un­ book. Recently the complete New who survived took to the mountain­ able to do." Testament was published by th e tops of the Panama mainland, and That is exactly what has happened, American Bible Society. It is now only during the past century dared though it has not been easy for the available for all Cunas, including to come down and occupy the off­ Cuna Christians, either. Nor for the those at Acuatupu Island, site of the shore i lands. wives that two of them brought from United Methodist mission. Peter They are subjects of Panama, but the United States. Miller has made available a Cuna when Panamanian officials were sta- There was no written language, so language hymnal with more than rjorie Vandervelde ission on a san bias island 200 of the well-known hymns. He There is no school on Acuatupu, is currently translating, into Cuna except for the small primary classes language, Old Testament stories for started in the Arias home. There is ch ildren. no modern medicine except for the Leonidas Arias is the Cuna mis­ kinds Leonidas ca n dispense-if he sionary in charge of the Acuatupu has them. The tribal medicine man Methodist Mission, which is as mixes strange potions, and claims modest as the thatch-roof, stick­ power to exorcise evil spirits that wal led huts that surround it. Arias steal good health. (Though w hen I was first exposed to Methodist work helped a Cuna medicine . man fl) when he left home to work in the gather jungle herbs he told me, 11 1 Canal Zone, and attended Seawall guess I' ll ask Dr. Gruver for an Church pastored by the Rev. Walter aspirin.") Reitz, U. S. missionary.* Later Arias A few of the islands have govern­ c attended Methodist Theological ment schools to the sixth grade, as Seminary in Costa Rica. His San Blas do severa l Baptist missions. Ai ligandi I.I.I mission is under that Conference. Island has the Marvel Iglesias Hospi­ The San Blas Islands are governed tal (named for the Michigan woman by tribal chiefs, medicine men, and who married a Cuna). It was to this fl) kantules (chanters of traditions)­ Baptist hospital Leonidas Arias came with the people having a direct voice by cayuco to bring his sick child, in congress meetings (similar to the when I was there recently. D r. old New England town meetings, but Daniel Gruver who is in cha rge, and held in long, thatched huts) . whose professiona l "beat" is the e = 11 No one comes to an island with­ entire archipelago plus adjacent I.I.I ir out act of congress. Arias might not st rip of mainland, is called the Dr. have been allowed on Acuatupu, Schweitzer of San Blas. ~ except that he is Cuna. Chief lguaseli Without Dr. Gruver, the Method­ of Acuatupu (sometimes called Sam ist work on Acuatupu would be > Davis) has long resisted outside in­ more difficult. As it would be, also, fluence. without Peter Miller's continuing and past translations. 0 rE * Meet Rev. Walter Reitz in the As Leonidas Arias tries to point = FROM t~ May issue of New World Outlook in the way to Christianity, he walks a the feature titled " In Panama , Good­ sensitive line. But it gets less difficult will Recycles_ People." as confidence is built. • Ii fl) cc

n ur m = a I.I.I ol b1 lie .... 0 SR pl .... tic h I.I.I sli (Above) A Sunday school class. Girl p shading her eyes is a "moon child" ...I sa (albino); the incidence of albinism is fe1 among the world's highest. (Right) co Ceferino Colman, the first chief of all na San Blas, and his granddaughter, a Taira. fo1 ab Cli

ro CHILE eluding the basic necessities, while Qamar Zaman and associates effi­ incomes have been set very low for ciently perform the 700 operations The dilemmas of totalitarianism, the vast majority. Prices on many on gynecology patients. While many nationalism and poverty, which we items are now comparable to prices doctors in Pakistan continue to emi­ see in Chile today, cause us to stop in th e United States. The farm grate to more attractive opportuni­ and really contemplate the meaning worker here at El Verge! earns the ties in the United States and Europe, of living in Christian community. equivalent of only $25 per month, these doctors have chosen to remain Can we still afford to say that relat­ and this is more than many workers in Pakistan and do their best to meet ing the art of governing ourselves to elsewhere earn. The poor are having the health needs of patients who Christ's message is a concept purely a rough time, especially si nce they continue to come in increasing num­ for idea lists? As Christians, what do are now more conscious than ever bers. Less than 10 percent of the we have to say? of what th ey do not have. The mili­ population have an opportunity for One of the most prominent char­ tary says they must be made to care by a qualified doctor. Th e re ­ ac teristics of Latin America today is understand. mainder are treated by " Hakims" the overwhelming dominance of the Some people have dared to speak and other less-qualified self-ap­ military. Their control has increased out against the current government pointed healers. While the socialist such that there remains but a small and a few have even attempted to people's government promises free handful of democracies in this part initiate strikes. These people are now and better health care to the people, of the globe. And now Chile is no in jail, including another pastor of the increasing population nullifies exception. The United States has the Chilean Methodist Church, al­ the scanty resources mobilized to helped to ensure thi s. While eco­ though we aren' t exactly sure yet meet this need. The deprived, angry nomic aid to Chile from the United what his "crime" was. One of Peter's public often blames the few remain­ States was all but eliminated shortly former forestry students, who had ing medical practitioners w ho after President Salvador Allende was apparently done nothing wrong, was assume the crushing burden of th eir elected in 1970, United States mili­ jailed shortly after the coup in care, for the lack of medicines and tary assistance was doubled includ­ September and not released until facilities. These overworked doctors ing $10 million to the Chilean Air January. His parents were not al­ deserve our continued support. They Force in 1972. lowed to see him once during the need more medical supplies and Many of the Chilean military offi­ time ... equipment. They also look forward cers receive their training in military During the fi rst week of February to the return of their Pakistani col­ schools run by United States person­ we attended the annual General As­ leagues in Britain and the United nel. In fact, in October, 1973 over se mbly of the Chilean Methodist States. one-fourth of the Latin Americans Church in Santiago. The theme of In the meantime, short-term medi­ .1 receiving special military training in the church for this year is the Chris­ ca l personnel are needed to bridge the Panama Canal Zone were tian fami ly, so most of the meeting this gap created by emigration to Chileans. General Augusto Pinochet, was spent discussing ways to imple­ affluent countries. The need is espe­ head of the current Chilea n military ment this program. We were aware cially urgent for personnel in the junta, has attended these training that informers for the military were departments of medicine, pathology courses in Panama seve ral times. present to report on all that took and radiology. Chileans, who are accustomed to place. Several Chilean Methodist The school of nursing continues to living under an open democracy, are pastors have been forced to leave be one of the most successful and now learning what it is like to live the cou ntry because of the events of rewarding training programs of the under a military dictatorsh ip. Six the last few months, leavi ng a great hospital. Although many of the months have passed since the coup, shortage of pastors here. One en­ graduates have accepted .well-paying and the country is still under a sta te couragi ng aspect, however, is the jobs in Saudi Arabia, Algeria and of seige, with curfews at night. The manner in which lay people, includ­ Libya, the mandatory two-year breadwinners of thousa nds of fam i­ ing three young people who were period of service following gradua­ lies are in jail or have disappeared. consecrated as deacons, have taken tion assures continued care for Obviously, freedom of press and on pastoral duties in light of this patients under the guidance of the speech are gone. The military is also situation. There is hope! dedicated Nursing Superintendent, planning on writing its own constitu­ Pete and Sharon Moller Miss Elvina Barkat Masih. tion, which even the political ri ght We are grateful to the chu rch es has denounced, for such a measu re They are United Methodist mission­ an d individuals who made it possi­ should come from the will of the aries engaged in education and develop­ ble for us to participate in the ment at El Verge/ Mission in Angol, people. Furthermore, th e military expression of Christ's concern to the Chile. says that if the politicians don't inter­ people of Pakistan. We hope th at fere, Chile will be a " developed" you wi ll continue to support the country in five years because the PAKISTAN hospital in its ministry to the sick. national income will be $9 billion Three competent surgeons-Dr. Donald and Grace Bowes a year, as if this was the sole criteria Immanu el Benjamin, Dr. Asif for development. Not much is said Chondry and Dr. Shahnaz Saeed-as­ They have been United Methodist about how this income will help sisted by interns and residents-carry missionaries in Pakistan. Dr. Donald Chile's dispossessed. the resp onsibility for operations on Bowes is now setting up a section in In the meantime inflation has sky­ 2800 patients annually at the United thoracic and cardiovascular surgery at rocketed on almost everything, in- Christian Hospital in Lahore. Dr. the Denver Clinic in Colorado.

[355] 43 - - I ~ ~ United 1ethodist Church in Albuquer­ from books that accent success and ~ que, New Mexico. play down fa il ure. W.W. R. ll•HtlC:S T~ e pic tures are the best thing in Kent s book. Where he is accurate he - ~ ~ I BELIEVE I N HOPE, by Jose Maria - - - Diez-Alegria. Garden City, N.Y., 1974: gives lis ts of names without much char­ Doubleday and Co.; 187 pages, $5.95. acterization. Where he is inaccurate he ..._ ..._ misses by mil es, and he is inaccurate This volume is a translation by Gary ?ften. Worse, this is not an analysis; it MacEoin, of the "testament of faith" of 1s a poorl y linked narrative. There is little .. ... - the controversial Spanish Jesuit theo­ about theologies of mission, struggles logian, Father Diez-Alegri a. In this frank toward co-operation, stories of parent GOD IN UNEXPECTED PLACES, by tatement of the author's view of Chris­ Ira E. Williams, Jr. Nashville, Tenn., missionary societies, clear geography, or tianity in general,. and of the Roman the cultures and customs of the world's 1974: Abingdon Press; 127 pages, Catholic Church in particular, the writer $3.95. largest miss ion-field. Instead we have a reveals the factors and considerations raconteur's stand-by phrases: "sent him that led to his "testament" and the con­ Where, how, and when does God packing," or "out of the frying pan mto clusion that the institutional church has come into the lives of men and women? the fire." failed to live up to its own fo rmulation These are questions that come to every The author thinks Ellice Islanders are believer many times in the course of of the message which Christ gave to his followers. Turning abruptly away Micronesians. They are Polynesians. He years. That sometimes He comes in most seems surprised that a Samoan mission dramatic ways, and more often in very from many of the teachings of his semi­ agent claimed the Ellice group as being simple and easily unrecognized ways, is nary days, and looking at the problems Samoan, but does not seem to know that the contention of the author of God in of all nations and peoples of the world, the Ellice and Samoan languages are Un expected Places: some of these places he has leaned toward some of the more and times are so common that we may radical fo rms of socialism, declaring closely related and the Samoan Bible is easily fail to recognize that God shows that "Marx has guided me to rediscover used with ease in the Ellice. Points like himself in men's reactions to circum­ Jes us Christ and the meaning of his mes­ this could be wearil y multiplied. The stances in which we have not hitherto sage." But, he likewise asserts, "Chris­ author is weak where Pacific Christian recognized Him. tianity cannot be converted into a po­ history must be strong- geography, Much of life may be a matter of litical instrument of anti-communism nor ethnology, and awareness of the impor­ broken dreams, says the author. And he can it be converted into a politicai in­ tant manuscript sources. pictures a research scientist whose life strument of Marxist socialism. Accep­ The true resources for Pacific Chris­ work has been destroyed by the violence tance of the Marxist analysis of history, tian history are not in official histories of radical activists on the university and of such elements as the historical and printed biographies. They are in the campus; a lonely man standing in the meaning of class struggle, and the need monotonous, sometimes stirring, some­ to get away from private ownership of shambles of a broken dream through the times scandalous diaries, letters and the means of production, is in no way betrayal of his clooest friend; the li fe minutes of the sinners who acquainted contrary to the fa ith or to the Gospel." of a happily married woman and mother the islands with Christ. The Bishop embittered through learning of the in­ So grave has been the debate sur­ rounding Father Diez-Alegria's confes­ Museum in Honolulu, the Mitchell Li­ fidelity of her husband. "It is for times brary in Sydney, and the Alexander like these that the Christian faith was sion of belief in this new interpretation of much of the Gospel message, that he Turnbull Library in Wellington, New born," says the author. "The resurrection Zealand, are deep mines for patient dig­ was not just giv<..:n to prove im mortality. had been dismissed from his post of gers. Graduate dissertations of Australian It was an experience of men and women professor of social sciences on the faculty and New Zealand universities contain in who stood in the dark shadow of a cross of the Gregorian University in Rome, on a lonely hill as the symbol of their suspended from the Jesuit Order, and academic form what Kent has tried to broken dreams. The resurrection was exiled to a small Spanish village. turn into a breezy adventure tale. He God's assurance that he would stop Chapter titles of this volume are: "The would have been saved from many mis­ and help them build a new life with unfolding of my faith," "The discovery takes by checking carefully in such their worn-out tools . . .. Without that of true religion," "Faith in Jesus Christ places. and church membership," "Celibacy for assurance, life would be unbearable." What is the verdict? To avoid major the Kingdom of God and sex," "Life and This volume contains sixty-five brief error stick to Latourette for the time death." writings that illustrate the "unexpected" being. A solid short book that grips the W . W. R. ways and places that God may be found issues has still to come. The amazing in Advent, Christmastide, Epiphany, churches of the Pacific are waiting for COMPANY OF HEAVEN- Early Mis­ someone to write clearly about their life Lent, Eastertide, Pentecost, Kingdom­ sionaries in the South Sea, by Graeme without gumming up the reader's eyes tide. They are all abstracts from a Kent. New York, 1972: Thomas Nel­ with too many footnotes. l ~ge r body of essays written and pub­ son Inc., $6.95. hshed by Mr. Williams in his sermons It is easy, when exploring the world's and church paper column. Each makes A good introduction to Christian mis­ largest and most complex ocean-and a valued contribution to the thought and sion in the Pacific has been needed for its Christians-to sink. a long time. This is not the book. conviction that God may be discovered JOHN GARRETT We pick it up with hope. Graeme in every aspect and experience of the Kent lives in the Solomon Islands. Will Christian's life. he be the needed guide? Up to now we The volume has ri c:;hes of illustration have had to rely on Latourette's History John Garrett teaches the history of Chris­ for the layman's reading and devotions of the Expansion of Christianity. Mission tianity at the Pacific Theological College, and for the preacher's sermon in ever; research libraries in the United States Suva, Fiii Islands . ... W. W. Reid, a season. are short of good first-hand materials. pioneer religious ;ournalist, is a regular The author is the minister of the First Latourette worked almost exclusively book reviewer for this magazine. 44 [356] on welfare and li ve in crumbling shacks. bility of the Eskimo language to the The white people in the town work for Americans is the source of many mis­ the Canadian government trying unsuc­ understandings, emphasizing the conflict cessfull y to bring the Eskimos into the between two cultures. mainstream." "The White Dawn" shows There is one Eskimo custom the film life on the same island before the white producers delighted in portraying-the man came along. sharing of their women with guests. The WHERE THE LILIES BLOOM. Di­ When James Houston was civil ad­ sex scenes seemed designed to titillate rected by William A. Graham, pro­ ministrator of part of Baffin Island, he more than advance the plot. duced by Robert Radnitz, screenplay heard a story from the Eskimos. It E. C. by Earl Hammer, Jr. based on the seems that in 1896 a New England whal­ book by Vera and Bill Cleaver. United ing boat smashed against an ice fl oe THE APPRENTICESIIlP OF DUDDY Artists release. G. off the coast. Three whalers who sur­ KRAVITZ. Directed by Ted Kot­ vived were rescued by a tribe of Eski­ cheff, screenplay by Mordecai Richler "Where the Lilies Bloom" is the kind mos, who shared their food and igloos of movie that restores your faith in hu­ based on his novel. An International and skins with them. Discontented and Cinemedia Center Ltd. production re­ manity. It is a beautiful story of the ungrateful, the whalers introduced greed, leased by Paramount Pictures. R. efforts of a spunky 14-year-old Appala­ gambling, alcohol and other evils to the chian girl to keep a promise to her gentle Eskimos-with disastrous con­ After a successful run in cities north father and hold her orphaned family to­ sequences. of the border, this Canadian film about gether. It is one of the warmest, most Several years ago Houston wrote a life in the Jewish community in Montreal moving and decent films to come along novel based on the story. The novel has in the 1940's makes its American debut. in years. been made into an adventure movie It is an intelligent, very funny movie. "Where the Lilies Bloom" is one of starring Warren Oates, Timothy Bottoms Richard Dreyfuss (one of the stars of those rare film s that appeals to all ages, and Lou Gossett as the three whalers. "Ameri can Graffiti") gives a wonderfully has no sex or violence and in which no The res t of the cast are Eskimos. comic performance as Duddy, the ag­ one utters an obscenity. If this sounds The story of how the movie was made gressive, witty, hyperactive youth whose too good to be enjoyable, guess again. is as interesting as the plot itself. The overriding ambition is to own a lakefront A lot of family film s are either sill y or producers were at first reluctant to hire property in the Laurentians. Denholm saccharine; this one isn't. It's thoroughly untrained Eskimos for the native parts, Elliott is very good as the drunken Eng­ honest and believable. and very few Eskimos turned out for lish director, Friar, whom Duddy en­ Julie Gholson is outstanding as Mary auditions. Houston however sought out lists in a hilarious get-rich-quick scheme I I Call Luther, the sensible and stubborn some old friends and uncovered some to make movies of weddings and Bar girl whose wits and wisdom keep her amazing natural talents, persons who had Mitzvahs for the Jewish nouveaux riches. and her sisters and brother out of the never acted, including Simonie Kopapik, Also memorable are Randy Quaid as the county home. She is tough when she a hunter, Joanasie Salomonie, an adult gentle epil eptic, Virgil, whom Duddy feels her brood is threatened by out­ education teacher, and Pilitak, a young cruelly exploits as his greed corrupts him, siders and a nag when she fears her mother, hamlet council member and and Joe Silver as Mr. Farber, an unprin­ siblings are becoming fainthearted; but founder of a newspaper. cipled businessman who attempts to ease she is touchingly vulnerable when she The movie was film ed entirely on Duddy's temporarily troubled conscience pours her heart out to her journal at Baffin Island under tough climatic con­ by telling him it's a dog-eat-dog world. ni ght. Helen Harmon is a real charmer ditions and with rigorous fidelity to his­ The film takes a curiously evasive and humorous as the baby sister, Ima torical details. Since the snowmobile is attitude toward the moral behavior of Dean. Harry Dean Stanton is fine as now the chief mode of transportation, its principals. There are only three char­ Kiser Pease, the persistent suitor of Mary dog teams had to be flown in from Igloo­ acters who merit admiration-Virgil, Cali's older sister, Devola. Other notable lilk, 600 miles to the north. Bridgin g an Yvette the French Canadian chamber­ performances are given by Sudie Bond enormous generation gap, older Eskimos maid ,~ho becomes Duddy's mistress and as a schoolteacher and Matthew Burrill hired for the film showed younger ones buys land for him from bi'goted gentiles, as the brother, Romney. how to build igloos, do traditional dances and Duddy's beloved grandfather. Ilut The strengths of the movie extend be­ and kill and eat game. those three are not the film's heroes and yond the plot and performances. The Some 75 seals, a number of walrus, a the film doesn't linger on the sufferings film is set entirely in North Carolina and polar bear, countless caribou and a they experience because of Duddy. the photography is breathaking and Baleen whale were reportedly killed for Virgil, Yvette and the grandfather lack poetic. The music varies from bluegrass the production of the film . These are the humor, cleverness and complexity to haunting folk songs and is very effec­ truly appall ing statistics. The slaying of which make interesting and even sym­ ti ve. game in the film is often gruesome to pathetic people out of the more unsavory In these days of escapist ente1tain­ watch. characters- a gangster, the cut-throat ment, "Where the Lilies Bloom" is a businessman, Duddy's taxi-driving father The movie is long and the action often film to appreciate, remember and see a who pimps on the side. Duddy himself second time. drags but the film remains riveting be­ is a foul-mouthed conniver, a real E. C. cause everything about it is so novel­ "Heartbreak Kid," who stoops to cheat­ the stark beauty of the Arctic north, the ing a cripple and who silences the criti­ THE WHITE DAWN. Directed by ingenuity and mores of the Eskimos, the cisms of his mistress by bedding her Philip Kaufman, produced by Martin depiction of the skills of survival in a down. But he also has chann and gen­ I I Ransohoff. Based on the novel by barren, subzero clime. erosity and persistence which keep you James Houston. A Paramount Pictures Happily, the Eskimos come across as rooting for him-despite your scruples­ release. R. real people of di gnity, not as cultural almost to the end when he achieves his The main settlement on Daffin Island curi os. They speak their own language hollow triumph. in the Canadian Arcti c is a dreary town througho1:1t the movie, but dialogue is It's only when you stop laughing that of 2,000-1,500 of them Eskimos. Many minimal (music by Henry Mancini is a you realize how sad a story it is . of the Eskimos are unemployed, subsist good substitute). The incomprehensa- E. C. [357] 45 BEST OF ALL EDITIONS guards in matters of arrest, detention and trial. I have just finished reading the May edition "There are many evidences of torture of of New World Outlook, and I want to con­ male and female prisoners. gratulate you on this fine magazine. I said to "There is widely reported fear of expressing myself, at last we have a World Outlook that opinions or taking action in anything related is the best of all editions anyone could put out. to government programs and policies. "News and Analysis of Developments in "There is ilttle free participation of the Christian Mission" (Mission Memo) brings us people, especially at the grass roots, in decision up-to-date on many things happening all over Ecumenism! It seemed to me to be more making. the world. common in the missions than in the U.S.A. "The State is becoming totailtarian and is Your price is right, and I am going to insist There may have been some stepping on toes suppressing the free development of other so­ that more of our women in our Society sub­ among the sects , but it never came. to my cietal institutions, such as organized labor and scribe to New World Outlook. knowledge. farmer organizations. There is increased de­ L01s ( Mrs. J. J.) PERKINS Another 10-minute walk from our hospital, pendence on government and on persons per­ Wichita Falls, Texas in a different direction, was the Leper Home, ceived as close to ruling powers. also founded, I understood, by the American "Respondents in all eleven regions said FROM COVER TO COVER Presbyterians . . . The same Presbyterian prices have doubled, tripled or quadrupled For many years I have been a subscriber to Mission also had the excellent Christian Hos­ si nce martial law. . . . People generally are New World Outlook and read it from cover to pital at Taxila, 20 miles north of Rawalpindi resentful and angry about the rising prices cover. I am the only person in the Simpson in the Frontier Province. I have seen no and about the food shortages. United Methodist Church in Bangor, Michigan better medical mission work done anywhere, "There is not much land reform in most who takes this magazine. I cannot see how any and their eye clinic was famous all over the provinces . . . 80% of tenant farmers are not Methodist could get on without it. north, even in Afghanistan. We Sisters also covered by land reform legislation. "Divinity and Disunity in Big D" (May) was went there when it was some condition that "Seventy-five percent of all respondents feel worth a year's subscription. There are so many needed expert care, as glaucoma or cataracts. the political situation throughout the country articles I file for their historical value, such as is worse now than it was before martial law. "St. Thomas, Legend or Apostle" ( October, When I went back to Rawalpindi in 1968 I ... Instead of controlling abuses, the military 1972) and "The Mission of Riverside" (March, was dismayed by the change since Bhutto . . . are seen as party to the abuses. There is a 1973 ). started his campaign to get Ayub Kh an out marriage of convenience from which both mili­ (Mrs .) LAURA A. DoRSEY and take his. place. Gordon College was already tary and politicians profit. The ordinary people Bangor, Michigan in the hands of the Pakistanis and rioting was suffer. There is no one to defend their rights." going on a la U.S.A. The Holy Family Hos­ The report does not spare the Church. With THANKS FOR ARTICLE pital was soon to take the same path and the few exceptions "respondents rate the perform­ In the May issue is a very good article by Sisters withdraw. Americans were getting un­ ance of the Church under martial law as Marjorie Vandervelde titled "In Panama, Good­ popular in West Pakistan. Parades were passing poor.... The Church is seen as going along will Recycles People." Thank you for it. by in Rawalpindi with such slogans as "Na­ with the present situation in spite of oppres­ P. J. TREVETHAN tionailze the Mission Schools." Since returning sion and injustice. She has no plan for action. Chicago, Illinois to the U.S.A. I heard of the mission schools Acting on the report, the Religious Superiors He is retired executive vice president of Good­ being nationalized. . . . sent a letter to the Catholic Bishops' Confer­ will Industries of America, Inc. and present I noted in the article "Bangladesh Biharis," ence of the Philippines. The letter speaks of consultant to that organization. October 1973 issue, by Victor Lamont, the a "pervasive fear . . . among large segments of statement that "over one million were killed our people" and criticizes "the determined will MEMORIES OF PAKISTAN following the departure of the British from of the government to achieve economic devel­ I was interested in Leon Howell's piece in India. One million refugees moved from India opment at whatever cost, including the suppres­ the September 1973 issue, "Rawalpindi Study to Pakistan and a similar number-mainly sion of lawful dissent and contrary opinion." Center," as it gave me some information as to Hindus and Sikhs-moved from Pakistan to Protes tants in the Philippines exercise an conditions today. I went to Ralwalpindi ( then India." influence greater than their numbers ( 3 percent India ) in 1938 as a Medical Mission Sister. I think those numbers are only for East of the population) would suggest. Top leaders We had a 50-bed hospital and were planning Pakistan. However, numbers over there are of the major Protestant churches gave early on building a modem 300-bed hospital "when inclined to be very vague. I was working among endorsement to the Marcos "New Society." Re­ the war is over." Which we did, on spacious the refugee camps during those years, 1947-48, cently, however, some are having second grounds and with the latest equipment. (Note: and tJ1e figures I read for West Pakistan alone thoughts. Younger leaders among the clergy is­ the Medical Sisters gave it up to the Pakis­ were that 6,000,000 Hindus and Sikhs left West sued a manifesto on December 30, 1973, urging tanis and withdrew-as did Gordon College.) Pakistan for India and an equal number of the pres ident to lift martial law and restore When I went to Rawalpindi in 1938 the Muslims left India for West Pakistan, and one basic individual liberties. Led by Dr. Cirilo Christians were few, mostly from the sweeper million were killed or died of epidemics on the A. Rigos, pastor of the influential Cosmopolitan class; but things were hopeful and we had our way. ( See my article, "We Build a Hospital United Church of Christ in Manila, the "young freedom .... During the Terror," in the Saturday Evening turks" acknowledged "tJ1 e initial gains Gordon College under the Presbyterians Post, November 4, 1950.) achieved" through martial law, but expressed (U.S.A.) had the best reputation and was God bless you and your work. the fear that what was "intended to be an probably the best-run college in North India. Sister ALMA LE Due emergency measure may degenerate into a I remember one of the students telli ng us that Washington, D.C. permanent institution. The emergency having Mr. Stewart spoke Urdu as well as any native. She is presently a member of the Roman ceased to ex ist, the martial law which it That was the third generation of Stewarts Catholic cloistered religious order, the Poor brought into being should cease to operate." running the college, so someone told me. No Glares of Perpetual Adoration. Noting that the present system has created wonder it was so efficient and the missionaries "widespread fear and suspicion," the pastors there so well-loved and respected. Gordon reminded the president that "Government exists SPECIAL REPORT : College was only a ten-minute walk from our for the people, not the people for the Govern­ DEMOCRACY IN THE PHILIPPINES old hospital and some of us got well acquainted ment." Instead of the "power of the gun," they Catholic and Protestant leaders in the Phiilp­ said "we are for freedom with a ense of re­ with the Stewart family. Perhaps one of them pines have issued statements in recent months spo1~sib ilit y and restraint, made possible by a came to our hospital as an in-patient or just which-taken together-constitute a damaging Government that balances its authority with to see our Sister-Doctor. On one occasion ( I indictment of the martial law regime of Presi­ the human yearning for liberty." was the pharmacist ) I was preparing two dent Ferdinand Marcos, ending its second year Quite clearly, democracy is dead in the Indian girls for the Compounder's examination, on September 22. Philippines, but the churches may play a crit­ but I did not have the equipment for a few of From the Catholic Church came first a re­ ical role in resurrecting it. the laboratory experiments they had to carry port based on a national survey commissioned out before taking the State examinations. We by the heads of CatJ1oli c reli gious orders in GERALD II. ANDERSO arranged with Gordon College for tJrn girls the Philippines. That report found: "There is Dr. Anderson, formerly president of Scarritt to go to their laboratory where the professor abuse of human rights to peaceful assembly, College in Nashville, Tennessee, lived in the took care of the matter. association, information, privacy, and to safe- Philippines from 1960 to 1970. 'rllC ,\\tn'iH!J l~il191er \\'rites 00000000000 ~ 000 SYMPOSIUM MEMBERS EXPLORE ti anity, they said or implied. Christology, Dr. Kirkpatrick stirred some controversy IMPLICATIONS OF AUSCHWITZ missions, even the ability of Christians by inviting Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., It is a new horror to try to explain to look away from Auschwitz must be to preach in the pulpit. During the pas t the unspeakable horrors and implica­ examined critically, assuming that none decade, the pastor was active in many tions of Auschwitz, member of a sym­ of these is free from suspicion of caus­ social causes, while the church's budget posium on the "Holocaust" agreed in ing in some way the Holocaust, they dropped from $235,000 to $175,000 and New York. said. (RNS) its resident membership went from 3,500 They came together for a four-day to 1,200. program, "Auschwitz: Beginning of a Although Dr. Kirkpatrick's critics New Era," to probe the causes of the have blamed him for the losses and "Holocaust," as Hitler's extermination of charged that he has been "arrogant" European Jews is called. toward those who disagreed with him, Rosemary Ruether, a Roman Catholic his supporters said that he was "com­ theologian, laid the blame on Christian passionately" upholding the tradition of understanding of Jesus as the Messiah. a "free and prophetic pulpit." Yo ef Yerushalmi, a Jewish linguist and Earlier this year, the congregation's historian, blamed the loss of Christian Pas tor-Parish Relations Committee voted influence in Europe for the unlimited 6·3 to have Dr. Kirkpatrick continue as blood lust that took 6 million Jewish pastor. But his critics called for a church lives. conference, at which every member of Others found reasons in and outside the congregation would have the right theology, psychology and anthropology to vote. At that gathering of 500 per­ as the 12-hour sessions wore on, leaving sons, after two hours of debate, the scores of listeners with raw nerves and congregation voted 282-212 to urge that edgy responses. he be ousted. The symposium at the Episcopal Ca­ Although Dr. Kirkpatrick stated at the thedral of St. John the Divine had many meeting that he would not leave until sponsors. Its results are to be published "you discover I'm not your problem," in a book within the year. Participants T HE LAST TO DIE the fin al decision lies neither with him were mainly North American Jews, Cath­ HAIFA, Israel-Relatives and members nor the congregation but with Bishop olics and Protestants, with only a token of his unit stand beside the coffin of Cpl. Washburn, who has the authority to response invited from Orthodox Yizhar Hofshi during his funeral in Haifa. make ministerial transfers. Churches. The 21-year-old soldier was the la st Israeli In announcing his decision to become If there was a theme, it was stressed to die in the long war of attrition with active as chief pastor of the congrega­ as this: to OT talk about Auschwitz is Syria in the Golan Heights, which ended as tion during June, July and early August, to invite another Holocaust. Even if the Syria and Israel signed a disengagement Bishop Washburn said, "The only horrors must be skirted because sur­ pact. changed phrase in that sentence is the vivors cannot convey their reality, an phrase 'to become active.' A bishop is explanation must be attempted. always the chief pastor of all the BIS HOP W ILL PASTOR DIVIDED It was clear that if Christians differ churches in an episcopal area but not EVANSTON METHODIST CHURCH on the role of God and faith in the Holo­ always active as such." United Methodist Bishop Paul Wash­ caust, Jews have no clearer view. Still, He explained that he will be at the burn of Chicago has announced that he there was, by mid-point of the sym­ church on four Sunday mornings and will actively serve as chief pastor of posium, a tacit unders tanding that Chris­ several weekdays, and added, "During First United Methodist Church in Evans­ these days I will be available to mem­ tian-Jewish relations must abandon any ton, Illinois, a congregation which has view of Church triumphant over fa llen been divided on the issue of whether bers of all persuasions. I am going to Synagogue. to retain its pastor, Dr. Dow Kirkpatrick. invest mysel£ here to gain more infor­ Christians spoke of the need to rec­ For some time there has been a con­ mation ... Your Pastor-Parish Relations ognize that the Jews still have their troversy in the church, one of the most Committee and your pastors have been covenant with God, which, somehow, prominent congregations of the denomi­ apprised of this plan and have agreed was extended to Gentiles through Jesus. nation, over the preaching and pastoral to it." Seeing Jews as objects for elimination attitudes of Dr. Kirkpatrick, who has Bishop Washburn acknowledged that by death or conversion must be aban­ been pastor since 1962. he was re-appointing Dr. Kirkpatrick doned and actively exorcised from Chris- Early in his pastorate at the church, and the two associate pastors to the [359) 47 church, and explained, '1 am not suffi­ ciently informed to do otherwise. But more importantly I cannot give the signal to the whole United Methodist Church that our episcopal system is about to yield to a congregational sys­ tem. I beseech all of you to give me a chance to better understand the dis-ease in this church before you take hasty actions." ( RNS)

INDUSTRIAL CHAPLAINCY SPREADINC NEWPORT NEWS, Va.-The Rev. Herbert Fish er, a Brethren clergyman from New­ port News, visits with Donnie Parks, a worker at the Virginia Electric and Power Com­ pany's plant in Hampton, Va. Mr . Fisher is a member of a unique industrial chaplaincy introduced in the Newport News area and now spreading to other parts of the country. The chaplaincy has a clear message: Many Americans who are unrelated to any church still need a pastor. There are an estimated 90 million blue and white collar workers in the U.S., and som e surveys show that well over half dislike or abhor their work to the point of becoming ill. A sizeable part of these persons are outside the in­ flu ence of the church. Volunteers trained by the Institute of Industrial and Commercial Ministries, Inc. are trying to bridge the gap by taking the church to the workers . Th e response is sur­ prisingly enthusiastic. Contrary to expectations, ministers and a few laymen assigned RNS Photo to 14 plants and businesses during the past year have found that no period of confi­ dence building is needed to establish meaningful ties with workers. COCU NAMES CENERAL SECRETARY NEW YORK-Dr. Gerald F. Moede, 44, a United Methodist clergyman who has ADHERENTS OF FIVE FAITHS "Dialogue was the word most often u served with the World Council of Churches p in Geneva, has been named general secre­ ENCACE IN UNIQUE DIALOCUE used dming the 10-day meeting," de tary of the nine-denomination Consultation "Towards World Community" was the Vries noted. "It occurred in practically ti on Ch urch Union (COCU). He was elected theme of a 10-day consultation in May every sentence uttered." to succeed Dr. Paul A. Crow, Jr ., COCU's in Colombo, Sri Lanka which brought A great variety of opinions was shared fir st full-time general secretary, who re­ together 50 adherents of five major but there was agreement that dialogue signed to become president of the Council world religions. is a relationship between persons and on Christian Unity of the Christian Church The consultation of Hindus, Bud­ not belief systems. A 12-page memo­ (Disciples of Christ). dhists, Jews, Christians and Muslims was randum approved by the conference said Since 1967, Dr. Moede has been research secretary of the Faith and Order Secretariat organized by the World Council of dialogue should be "sober, charitable of the World Council. In that capacity he Churches' Department for Dialogue with and rational, allowing both critical and has been responsible for aiding church People of Living Faiths and Ideologies. appreciative approaches." imion negotiations throughout the world. It was the first time the five religions The Rev. Lonnie Turnipseed, execu­ p Before joining the WCC secretariat, he was were "represented" in such a consulta­ tive secretary in the Ecumenical and I{ minister of adult education in Wauwatosa tion. However, the participants from 22 Interreligious Concerns Division of the & Methodist Church in the Milwaukee area. countries of Asia, Africa, Europe and United Methodist Board of Global Min­ North America were all taking part in istries, attended the consultation in the a private--not official-capacity. South Asian nation. Purpose of the dialogue was to ob­ "One of the concrete recommenda­ Hand-colol'ed photogl'aph of your church or any tain clarity about the meaning of com­ tions from the consultation," he said, scene on prett.y 10~{-inch gold-rim plates. Orders munity and the resources and responsi­ "was that we take a look at our textbooks filled for one dozen or bilities for living together, according to in schools and churches to see whether more plates. Also church note paper in quantity. C. Michael de V1ies, WCC Secretary the images of persons of other faiths Write for free informa­ t ion. DBI,,... WO for Radio/ TV who reported on the con­ are distorted. Then we have to find ways FERRELL 'S ART WARE sultation for a World Council publica­ to let people from other faiths react to Appomattox, Vir;inla 24522 tion, "This Month." those images of themselves. 48 [360] "Another recommendation was that we in the present period of scarcity some­ accordingly. continue to liave meetings in which we thing must be done to revamp the rela­ The U.S. and Canada are estimated come together as persons." tionship between food-producing and to control the largest quantities of ex­ consuming nations and that the work portable food. U.S. AIDE TELLS CHURCH UNIT of the churches must be redefined The National Council is encomaging THAT FOOD RESERVES ARE LOW Twelve nations are on the verge of bankruptcy and the world's food re­ serves are adequate for only 27 days of consumption, a U.S. representative to the United Nations told a National Council of Churches unit in New York. Ambassador Clarence C. Ferguson, Jr., said he expected to see television pictures of people starving before No­ vember, the date of a proposed world food conference. The U.S. delegate to the U.N.'s Eco­ nomic and Social Council (UNESCO), Mr. Ferguson addressed 60 overseas mission executives taking part in the Dialogues of Doubt and Faith, by NCC's Division of Overseas Ministries by Webb Garrison Virginia Dalton Brown. Unit Committee. Written in a delightful conversa­ Encouraged to publish this book by tional style, the reader finds her pastor, Virginia Brown records In reciting the Lord's Prayer at the her search for meaning in this through stories from real life and opening of the meeting, the participants book of prayers ond meditations. W· a pastor's insight thot our Christian three times repeated the line, "give us The author voices the uncertain­ ~- foith can be helpful during these this day our daily bread." It was said ties os well os affirmations that middle year5 of life. $1 .00 each; are part of her spiritual growth. on behalf of all peoples. 10 or more, 85¢ each. 75¢ each; 10 or more, 65¢ each. Mr. Ferguson said there are several Dept. 21 1908 Grand Ave. reasons for an imminent food disaster: The Upper Room Nashville, TN 37203 -Weather patterns are changing, with the northern hemisphere becoming warmer and the southern hemisphere IC. slightly cooler. The result is that mon­ 1r- soon rains are shifting and a 1,700-mile 1d belt is being struck by drought, most fi· notably in sub-Sahara Africa and regions of Latin America and India. -Global food demand is outstripping The miracle :n U.S. supply. It was noted that over the le past 25 years, the U.S. had large quan­ that ls yours ly tities of surplus food, given away under Public Law 480. The surplus no longer exists. for Iha 1d 1e -Fertilizer is in short supply, partly 1d because certain petroleum refineries were asking I not built 10 years ago. ~­ ,d Ambassador Ferguson said the U.N. le is racing against time to bring the food THE MIRACLE OF ,d crisis to the forefront of governmental HOPE, says Charles attention. A world conference on food, L. All~n . can fill the 1· proposed by U.S . Secretary of State life of anyone who d Henry Kissinger, has been moved up will accept this spe­ 1e from January 1975 to November of this cial gift from Jesus l· year. Christ. The famed best-selling le As a result of the ambassador's re­ inspirational author cites twelve expressions marks, the staff of the NCC's Division of of hope from the Bible, and illuminates their practical application t· Overseas Ministries was instructed to through real-life examples. Dr. Allen's new book brings timely re­ give new mgency to the job of coordin­ l, assurance and guidance to a troubled world. $2.95 iS ating denominational efforts to relieve ir the food crisis. IS Over the past quarter century, church AT YOUR BOOKSTORE agencies have distributed much of the Fleming H. Revell Company 0 food made available through Public Old Tappan, N.J. 07675 Law 480. There was a clear sense that (If ordering by mail, add 15¢ for postage and handling .) • [361] 49 the U.S. government to restore food membership in the Church, according to months in her special ministry at the stockpiling by legislative action, setting the Rev. Hugh F. Davidson, 65, of Coral Gables church, Mary Susan is aside 10 per cent of exportable crops Toronto, newly-elected moderator of the con£dent that the Lord has given her for humanitarian use. It has reiterated Presbyterian Church in Canada's Gen­ the University of Miami campus and its its belief that the American people do eral Assembly. surrounding business community as her care about the world's hungry millions. In the interview, he said better in­ mission £eld. Last year, CROP, the Church World comes generate greater opportunities "The thing that works best is a one­ Service appeal for funds and grain, for travel and recreation. "Other volun­ to-one contact at home, at school, or in experienced a 40 per cent increase in teer organizations and service clubs are the office,'' she says. "It makes them feel contributions. ( RNS) £nding it difficult to hold their mem­ important to catch them on their bers," he said. "This problem isn't new. grounds." "Back in Old Testament times, the Although getting fellows to come to prophet Amos complained about the church-sponsored activities is no prob­ people who were so preoccupied with lem for a former beauty queen, Mary their winter houses and their summer Susan admits, "I can't really relate to houses that they had no time to worship them. It takes a guy to relate to a guy God." spiritually. But I can really relate to Between 1950 and 1967, membership the girls." of the Presbyterian Church in Canada It is not unusual for her to spend an has gradually decreased. Last year, it evening with one of her young contacts, lost 3,000 members. However, the re­ talking over personal problems. maining 176,000 contributed 7 per cent "We talk for hours," she says. "Many more in 1973 than in 1972, Dr. David- of them, like one who was on pills and son noted. ( RNS) two who were on grass, have no direc­ tion in their lives. After hours of being MISS TENNESSEE OF '69 IS their friend, they are ready to share their METHODIST YOUTH MINISTER problem with me because they know Like many churches, First United I'm not going to tell their parents." Methodist of Coral Gables, Florida, has Although her own college generation a special ministry to college students was only a few years ago, Mary Susan and working young adults. But its "youth finds some differences in today's stu­ minister" is somewhat unique-she's a dents. RNS PHOTO former beauty queen. "They question their faith more," she Mary Susan Cox competed in the 1969 comments. "My faith was stable in col­ BISHOP MOSLEY RESIGNS Miss America contest as Miss Tennessee. lege. They have a lot of questions about AS SEMINARY PRESIDENT Although she didn't win the national things like prayer. They can buy the Dr. J. Brooke Mosley has submitted honor in the competition, she describes concept, but they want to know how his resignation (June 4) as president of her present work as a "half-way answer" to apply it, how to live their faith." Union Theological Seminary in New to two childhood dreams. Young people today, Mary Susan feels, York City. "Since I was in the sixth grade I've "don't care about being 'cool' so much. "The seminary review committee has always put down as my vocational choice They're not so materialistic." indicated to me its belief that new either 'singer' or 'missionary,'" says the As a result, she is able to get them leadership will be required for Union daughter of a lay minister of the York involved in service projects at the Seminary in the near future," the Epis­ Memorial United Methodist Church, church, such as making equipment for copal bishop told the executive com­ Ojus, Fla. the junior high play group, baby sitting mittee of the nondenominational school The £rst dream was ful£lled when she in the nursery, ushering on Sunday board of directors. won a Miss America scholarship for mornings, and sponsoring parties. His resignation comes at a time when semi-classical singing, toured Vietnam "I haven't seen wholesale, dramatic Union, long considered the nation's pre­ :vith a U.S.O. group, and spent a year conversions,'' she says, "but I see that eminent seminary of liberal inclination, and a half singing on a Caribbean cruise when kids have a problem, they turn to is having £nancial difficulties. ship. faith in Jesus Christ. I see a religious It is also caught up in sharp internal "It was lots of fun, but there was no revival that is not 'way out' or an tensions over directions for the school. ful£llment,'' recalls the drama-speech escape, and that's good." ( RNS) Some observers see Union's troubles as graduate of East Tennessee State Uni­ symptomatic of the current malaise of BANNED IN SINGAPORE versity. "It was romantic, but it was hard liberal Protestantism. The film , "Jesus Christ Superstar," has work." Dr. Mosley said his resignation would been banned in Singapore, although an be effective not later than November One thing that Mary Susan learned appeal was lodged by sponsors of the 1975, at which time he will have headed from her brief singing career is that "it movie. Union for £ve years. He succeeded Dr. is easy to be a Christian when you are A spokesman for the Board of Film John C. Bennett. ( RNS) with Christians, but it is hard when you Censors declined to say why the film are with non-ClU"istians." had been banned, but local newspapers CLERIC BLAMES AFFLUENCE In an effort to fulfill her other ambi­ said it was considered to have "dis­ FOR MEMBERSHIP DECLINE tion, she went to see Dr. Harold Buell, torted" the history of Ch1;stianity and A kind of malaise that accompanies superintendent of the United Methodist was "offensive to Christians in Singa­ affluence is responsible for declining Church's North Miami District. After 14 pore." 50 [362] IB, IDB, and IOVCB-they're all part of the The Interpreter's One-Volume Commentary family of interpreters offered by Abingdon. To­ on the Bible gether, they have sold more than a million Interdenominational scholars provide com­ and a half copies. So it's safe to say that they mentary on each book of the Old and New Testa­ are being used by satisfied Bible buffs every­ ments and Apocrypha. Included are special where! But don't take our word for it-find out helps on biblical chronology, measures and for yourself. money ; full-color Oxford maps, 140 photographs, and 32 sketch maps ; plus general articles and The Interpreter's Bible drawings too numerous to mention. Based on the Contains text, exegesis, exposition, introduction, RSV Bible. Editor, Charles M. Laymon. Regular general articles, indexes, and maps in easy­ edition, $17.50 ; thumb-indexed, $19.50 to-understand form. 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