Master Plan for Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM for Uttrakhand Water Supply Programme for Periurban Areas Corridor 1: Dehradun - Rishikesh

Master Plan for Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM for Uttrakhand Water Supply Programme for PeriUrban Areas Corridor 1: Dehradun - Rishikesh

Submitted to: State Water & Sanitation Mission Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation Government of Uttarakhand

Submitted by: SGI Studio Galli Ingegneria India Pvt. Ltd. along with Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

TABLE OF CONTENTS DISCLAIMER ...... xiv EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... xv CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND ...... 35 1.1 BRIEF ABOUT THE STATE – UTTARAKHAND ...... 35 1.2 RURAL URBAN LINKAGES IN PERI URBAN AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND ...... 36 1.3 MAJOR CHALLENGES OF PERI – URBAN AREAS ...... 37 1.4 UTTARAKHAND WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM FOR PERI‐URBAN AREAS: At A GLANCE ... 37 1.5 The objective of the assignment ...... 38 1.6 CONCLUSION ...... 39 CHAPTER 2 : STATE PROFILE ...... 40 2.1 Demographic Profile ...... 40 2.2 Regional Connectivity ...... 40 2.3 Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Uttarakhand ...... 41 2.4 WATER SUPPLY SCENARIO IN UTTARAKHAND ...... 41 2.5 SANITATION SCENARIO IN UTTARAKHAND ...... 42 2.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT...... 43 2.7 CONCLUSION ...... 43 CHAPTER 3 : APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR DEVELOPING THE MASTER PLAN ...... 45 3.1 Methodology: ...... 46 3.2 CONCLUSION ...... 48 CHAPTER 4 : PROFILE OF CORRIDOR AND SPATIAL GROWTH INFLUENCES ...... 49 4.1 CORRIDOR 1: DEHRADUN – RISHIKESH ...... 49 5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE ...... 49 5.1.1 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 49 5.2 Growth Classification of Towns ...... 50 5.2.1 Population Growth Rate ...... 50 5.2.2 Compound Index Method ...... 52 5.2.3 Identification of Indicators ...... 53 5.3 Site Suitability Analysis ...... 53 5.3.1 Methodology ...... 54 5.3.2 Analysis ...... 54 5.3.2.1 Corridor‐1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 54 5.4 CONCLUSION ...... 55 CHAPTER 6 : GROWTH PROSPECT AND POPULATION FORECAST ...... 56 6.1 Growth Prospects ...... 56 6.2 Social Prospects ...... 56 6.3 Migration ...... 57 6.3.1 Main Reasons for Migration ...... 58 6.4 Population Density ...... 58 6.5 Literacy Rate ...... 58 6.6 Economic Prospects ...... 58 6.6.1 Workforce...... 58 6.6.2 Industries ...... 58

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 6.6.3 Tourism ...... 59 6.7 Ecological & Environmental Prospects ...... 59 6.7.1 Eco‐sensitive Areas ...... 59 6.7.2 Rivers ...... 60 6.7.3 Ground Water ...... 60 6.8 Population Projection ...... 61 6.9 Cohort Survival Method ...... 61 6.9.1 Cohort Component Model ...... 63 6.10 CONCLUSION: POPULATION PROJECTION ...... 64 CHAPTER 7 : SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE CORRIDOR ...... 66 7.1 Growth Corridor Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh ...... 66 7.1.1 Natthanpur ...... 66 7.1.2 Raipur ...... 67 7.1.3 Nathhuwa Wala ...... 68 7.1.4 Dhalwala ...... 69 7.1.5 Rishikesh Dehat ...... 70 7.1.6 Gumaniwala ...... 71 7.1.7 Kharakmafi ...... 72 7.1.8 Pratitnagar...... 73 7.1.9 Haripur Kalan ...... 74 7.1.10 Jeevangarh...... 75 7.1.11 Mehuwala Mafi ...... 76 7.1.12 Central Hope Town ...... 77 7.2 Conclusion ...... 77 CHAPTER 8 : ANALYSIS OF EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM SERVICES AND THE CHALLENGES ...... 78 8.1 EXISTING SCENARIO – WATER SUPPLY ...... 78 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 78 Water Quality: ...... 78 8.1.1 Dhalwala ...... 81 8.1.1.1 Existing water supply ...... 81 8.1.1.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 81 8.1.1.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 81 8.1.1.4 Distribution system ...... 81 8.1.1.5 Condition Assessment ...... 82 8.1.1.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 82 8.1.2 Raipur ...... 82 8.1.2.1 Existing water supply ...... 82 8.1.2.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 83 8.1.2.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 83 8.1.2.4 Distribution system ...... 83 8.1.2.5 Condition Assessment ...... 83 8.1.2.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 84 8.1.3 Natthanpur ...... 84 8.1.3.1 Existing water supply ...... 84 8.1.3.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 84 8.1.3.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 85 8.1.3.4 Distribution system ...... 85

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 8.1.3.5 Condition Assessment ...... 85 8.1.3.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 85 8.1.4 Natthuwa Wala ...... 86 8.1.4.1 Existing water supply ...... 86 8.1.4.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 86 8.1.4.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 86 8.1.4.4 Distribution system ...... 87 8.1.4.5 Condition Assessment ...... 87 8.1.4.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 87 8.1.5 Rishikesh Dehat ...... 88 8.1.5.1 Existing water supply ...... 88 8.1.5.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 88 8.1.5.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 88 8.1.5.4 Distribution System ...... 89 8.1.5.5 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 89 8.1.6 Gumaniwala ...... 89 8.1.6.1 Existing water supply ...... 89 8.1.6.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 90 8.1.6.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 90 8.1.6.4 Distribution system ...... 90 8.1.6.5 Condition Assessment ...... 90 8.1.6.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 90 8.1.7 Pratitnagar...... 91 8.1.7.1 Existing water supply ...... 91 8.1.7.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 91 8.1.7.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 92 8.1.7.4 Distribution system ...... 92 8.1.7.5 Distribution Network ...... 92 8.1.7.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 92 8.1.8 Haripur Kalan ...... 93 8.1.8.1 Existing water supply ...... 93 8.1.8.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 93 8.1.8.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 93 8.1.8.4 Distribution system ...... 93 8.1.8.5 Condition Assessment ...... 94 8.1.8.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 94 8.1.9 Kharak Mafi ...... 94 8.1.9.1 Existing water supply ...... 94 8.1.9.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 95 8.1.9.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 95 8.1.9.4 Distribution system ...... 95 8.1.9.5 Condition Assessment ...... 95 8.1.9.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 96 8.1.10 Central Hope Town ...... 96 8.1.10.1 Existing water supply ...... 96 8.1.10.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 96 8.1.10.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 96 8.1.10.4 Distribution system ...... 97

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 8.1.10.5 Condition Assessment ...... 97 8.1.10.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 97 8.1.11 Jeevangarh...... 98 8.1.11.1 Existing water supply ...... 98 8.1.11.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 98 8.1.11.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 98 8.1.11.4 Distribution system ...... 99 8.1.11.5 Condition Assessment ...... 99 8.1.11.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 99 8.1.12 Mehuwala Mafi ...... 99 8.1.12.1 Existing water supply ...... 100 8.1.12.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) ...... 100 8.1.12.3 Existing Tube‐Wells ...... 100 8.1.12.4 Distribution system ...... 101 8.1.12.5 Condition Assessment ...... 101 8.1.12.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance ...... 101 8.1.12.7 SWOC ...... 101 Overall SWOC Analysis ...... 102 Water Supply Conclusions ...... 102 8.1.13 Conclusion ...... 102 8.2 EXISTING SCENARIO – SANITATION &SLWM ...... 103 8.2.1 Brief Profile of Sanitation...... 103 8.2.1.1 Summary : Liquid Waste Management ...... 103 Sanitation and Liquid Waste Management ...... 103 8.2.2 Brief Profile of Solid Waste Management (SWM) ...... 103 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 104 8.2.2.1 Summary : Solid Waste Management ...... 105 CHAPTER 9 : DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM ...... 107 9.1 PLANNING HORIZON:...... 107 9.2 POPULATION PROJECTION METHOD: ...... 107 9.3 WATER AND WASTEWATER DESIGN CRITERIA: ...... 107 9.3.1 Design Period for Different Elementary Water Supply System: ...... 108 9.4 TERMINAL PRESSURE REQUIREMENT: ...... 108 9.5 Storage requirement: ...... 108 9.6 SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT: ...... 109 9.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT: ...... 109 9.8 Cost estimate: ...... 109 9.9 SUMMARY: ...... 109 CHAPTER 10 : SERVICE LEVEL DEFICIENCY AND AGGREGATE SHORTFALL/ SURPLUS ...... 111 10.1 Gap Analysis – Water Supply ...... 111 10.1.1 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 111 10.1.1.1 Dhalwala ...... 111 10.1.1.2 Raipur ...... 112 10.1.1.3 Natthanpur ...... 113 10.1.1.4 Natthuwa Wala ...... 115 10.1.1.5 Rishikesh Dehat ...... 118

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 10.1.1.6 Gumaniwala ...... 119 10.1.1.7 Pratitnagar ...... 120 10.1.1.8 Haripur Kalan ...... 122 10.1.1.9 Kharak Mafi ...... 123 10.1.1.10 Jeevangarh ...... 125 10.1.1.11 Mehuwala Mafi ...... 126 10.1.1.12 Central Hope Town ...... 128 10.1.1.13 Gap Analysis ...... 129 10.1.2 GAP ANALYSIS – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 129 10.1.2.1 Existing Scenerio of Solid Waste Management ...... 129 10.1.2.2 Projection of Solid Waste Generation ...... 130 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 130 10.1.2.3 Gap Analysis ...... 132 10.1.3 Liquid Waste Management ...... 132 10.1.3.1 Existing Scenerio of Liquid Waste Management ...... 132 10.1.3.2 Projection of Liquid Waste Generation ...... 133 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 133 10.1.3.3 Gap Analysis ...... 135 10.1.4 SUMMARY ...... 135 CHAPTER 11 : PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION ...... 136 11.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 136 11.2 REQUIREMENT AND SCOPE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...... 136 11.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED ...... 136 11.3.1 Level of Consultation ...... 137 11.4 Stakeholder Consulatation Details ...... 137 11.5 KEY FINDINGS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS ...... 138 11.6 MAJOR OUTCOMES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION: ...... 138 11.7 CONCLUSION ...... 138 CHAPTER 12 : WILLINGNESS TO PAY ...... 140 CHAPTER 13 : PROPOSALS FOR UPGRADATION OF SERVICE LEVELS OF WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM ...... 145 13.1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM ...... 145 13.1.1 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh ...... 145 Proposal for 2023‐2038 (Short Term) ...... 145 Water Supply Proposal for 2038‐2053 (Long Term) ...... 146 13.2 ARTIFICAL GROUND WATER RECHARGE ...... 147 13.2.1 Ground Water Recharge Techniques ...... 147 13.2.2 Other Proposals ...... 150 13.2.2.1 Action Plan to Reduce NRW ...... 150 13.2.3 SCADA System ...... 153 13.3 Service Level Benchmark ...... 153 13.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 154 13.4.1 Strategic Options for Zero Waste ...... 154 Proposal for MSWM Collection ...... 154 Summary ...... 157 13.5 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ...... 158

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 13.5.1 Proposal SLWM ‐ Septage Management ...... 160 Treatment Process ...... 162 CHAPTER 14 : INVESTMENT NEEDED AND FINANCING PLANS (WITH 10/15 YEAR STAGES) ...... 165 14.1 BLOCK COST ESTIMATE REFERENCES ...... 165 Water Supply: ...... 165 SLWM ...... 165 14.2 WATER SUPPLY ...... 165 14.2.1 Short Term Block Cost Estimate ...... 165 14.2.2 Long Term Block Cost Estimate ...... 167 14.3 CREDIBLE FINANCING SOURCES FOR WSS INVESTMENTS ...... 168 14.4 SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 169 14.4.1 Septage System (Short Term) ...... 169 (a) COSTS ...... 170 14.4.2 Sewerage system (Long Term): ...... 170 14.5 SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT ...... 171 14.5.1 SLWM ...... 171 14.6 SUMMARY FOR FUND REQUIREMENT ...... 175 14.6.1 Total Cost ...... 175 14.7 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE ARRANGEMENTS ...... 176 14.7.1 Concessions, Build‐Operate‐Transfer (BOT) and Design‐Build‐Operate (DBO) Projects ...... 177 14.7.2 Performance Contracts ...... 177 General Features of Performance Contracts for PPPs ...... 178 STANDARDISED SERVICE LEVEL BENCHMARKS ...... 179 14.8 FINANCIAL/FUNDING DEVELOPMENT ...... 179 14.8.1 Phasing out of Operating Subsidies ...... 180 14.8.2 Operation and Maintenance and Cost Recovery ...... 180 CHAPTER 15 : ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS ...... 182 15.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS ...... 182 15.2 SOCIAL SYSTEMS ...... 183 15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS ...... 183 15.4 SOCIAL REGULATIONS ...... 186 15.4.1 Description of the potential environmental and social impacts ...... 187 15.4.1.1 Environment impacts ...... 187 15.4.1.2 Air, Water, and noise pollution: ...... 188 15.4.2 Social impacts ...... 190 15.4.2.1 Description of the potential environmental and social measures ...... 191 15.5 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES...... 194 15.5.1 General overview ...... 194 15.5.2 Safeguards policies triggered ...... 195 CHAPTER 16 INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ...... 197 16.1 WATER SUPPLY ...... 197 16.1.1 Existing Institutional Mechanism ...... 197 16.1.2 Proposed Institutional Mechanism ...... 198 16.1.3 SANITATION ...... 202 CHAPTER 17 : PLAN REVIEW AND MONITORING ...... 209

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 17.1.1 MONITORING UNIT ...... 209 17.1.2 MANAGEMENT ACTION GROUPS ...... 210

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: List of Corridor with Periurban areas ...... 38 Table 2: Type of Consultations ...... 45 Table 3: Categorization of Towns based on Growth Rate ...... 51 Table 4: Identified Indicators for Classifying the Growth of Towns ...... 53 Table 5: Classification of Growth of Towns Based on CIM ...... 53 Table 6: Weightage of the selected Parameters ...... 54 Table 7: The Prospects of the Towns in Corridor 1 for Future Planning Development ...... 54 Table 8: Industrial Profile of Dehradun District ...... 58 Table 9: Industrial Areas in Corridor‐1 ...... 59 Table 10: Decadal Population of Corridor‐1...... 61 Table 11: Method Adopted for population growth of Corridor‐1 ...... 64 Table 12: Population Projection for Peri‐urban Towns along Corridor‐1 ...... 64 Table 13: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Natthanpur ...... 6 7 Table 14 Raipur Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 67 Table 15: Nathhuwa Wala Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 69 Table 16: Dhalwala Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 70 Table 17: Rishikesh Dehat Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 71 Table 18: Gumaniwala Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 72 Table 19: Kharakmafi Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 7 3 Table 20: Pratitnagar Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 73 Table 21 Haripur Kalan Built‐up and non‐built‐up area ...... 7 5 Table 22: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Jeevangarh ...... 7 5 Table 23: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Mehuwala Mafi ...... 76 Table 24: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Central Hope Town ...... 77 Table 25: Water Quality of Dhalwala, Raipur, Natthanpur, Natthanpur Rishikesh Dehat and Jeevanwala ...... 79 Table 26: Water Quality of Gumaniwala, Pratitnagar, Haripur Kalan and Kharak Mafi, Central Hope Town, Mehuwala Mafi ...... 80 Table 27: Existing OHT Details of Dhalwala town ...... 81 Table 28: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Dhalwala town ...... 8 1 Table 29: Revenue Details of Water Supply of Dhalwala Town (in INR) ...... 82 Table 30: Existing OHT Details of Raipur Town ...... 83 Table 31: Existing Tube‐Well Details for Raipur Town ...... 83 Table 32: Revenue Details of Water Supply ofRaipur Town (in INR) ...... 84 Table 33: Existing OHT details of Natthanpur town ...... 84 Table 34: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Natthanpur town ...... 85 Table 35: Revenue details of water supply of Natthanpur town ...... 86 Table 36: Existing OHT Details of Natthuwa Wala ...... 86 Table 37: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Natthuwa Wala...... 87 Table 38: Revenue details of water supply of Natthuwa Wala town ...... 87 Table 39 Existing OHT details of Rishikesh Dehat town ...... 8 8

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Table 40: Existing Tube well details of Rishikesh Dehat town ...... 89 Table 41: Revenue details ofthe water supply of Rishikesh Dehat town...... 89 Table 42: Existing OHT details of Gumaniwala town ...... 9 0 Table 43: Existing tube well details of Gumaniwala town ...... 90 Table 44: Revenue details of water supply of Gumaniwala town ...... 91 Table 45: Existing OHT details of Pratitnagar ...... 92 Table 46: Existing tube well details of Pratitnagar town ...... 92 Table 47: Revenue details of water supply of Pratitnagar town ...... 92 Table 48: Existing OHT Details of Haripur Kalan Town ...... 9 3 Table 49: Existing tube well details of Haripur Kalan town ...... 93 Table 50: Revenue details of water supply of Haripur Kalan town ...... 94 Table 51: Existing OHT details of Kharak Mafi town ...... 95 Table 52: Existing tube well details of Kharak Mafi town ...... 9 5 Table 53: Revenue details of water supply of Kharak Mafi town ...... 96 Table 54: Existing OHT Details of Central Hope Town ...... 9 6 Table 55: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Central Hope Town ...... 97 Table 56: Water Connection details of Central Hope Town ...... 97 Table 57: Revenue details of water supply of Central Hope Town ...... 97 Table 58: Existing OHT Details of Jeevangarh Town ...... 98 Table 59: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Jeevangarh Town ...... 98 Table 60: Water Connection details of Jeevangarh ...... 99 Table 61: Revenue details of water supply of Jeevangarh ...... 99 Table 62: Existing OHT Details of Mehuwala mafi Town ...... 100 Table 63: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Mehuwala mafi Town ...... 100 Table 64: Revenue details of water supply of Mehuwala mafi ...... 101 Table 65: Existing Water Supply Infrastructure ...... 102 Table 66: Factors Influencing Growth ...... 107 Table 67: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Dhalwala Town ...... 111 Table 68: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Raipur Town ...... 112 Table 69: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Natthanpur Town ...... 113 Table 70: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Natthuwa Wala Town ...... 115 Table 71: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Rishikesh Dehat Town ...... 118 Table 72: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Gumaniwala Town ...... 119 Table 73: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Pratitnagar Town ...... 120 Table 74: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Haripur Kalan Town...... 122 Table 75: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Kharak Mafi Town ...... 123 Table 76: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Jeevangarh Town ...... 125 Table 77: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Mehuwala Town ...... 126 Table 78: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Central Hope Town ...... 128 Table 79: Projected Urban Waste Generation untill 2053 ‐ Corridor 1 ...... 130 Table 80: Projected Sewage Generation till 2053 ‐ Corridor 1 ...... 133 Table 81: Type of Consultations ...... 137 Table 82: Provisions for Rainwater Harvesting by Building Types ...... 149 Table 83: Existing STP Details in Uttarakhand ...... 159 Table 84: Short Term Cost – Water Supply ...... 166 Table 85: Long Term Cost – Water Supply ...... 167 Table 86: Short and Long Term Cost – Solid and Liquid Waste ...... 170 Table 87: Short and Long Term Cost – Solid Waste Management ...... 172 Table 88: An Outline of Typical Project Activities and Examples of Potential Impacts, both ...... 192

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Table 89: World Bank Safeguard Policies ...... 194 Table 90: Social and Environmental Safeguards Commonly Triggered in Water Supply and SLWM Projects ...... 195 Table 91: Institutional Responsibilities ...... 202 Table 92: institutional Setup ...... 206

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Location of Uttarakhand State ...... 35 Figure 2: Location of Corridor ‐ 1 ...... 49 Figure 3: Growth Rate in Peri‐urban Towns along Corridor‐1 ...... 51 Figure 4: Methodology for the Compound Index Method ...... 52 Figure 5: Prospective Area Analysis for Corridor 1 ...... 55 Figure 6: Land Use & Land Cover Map for Corridor‐1 ...... 5 7 Figure 7: Ground Water Fluctuation in Corridor‐1...... 60 Figure 8: Ground Water ...... 61 Figure 9: An Illustration of one‐time step of the Cohort Method used for Population Projection ...... 63 Figure 10: ‐NatthanPur Growth Map ...... 67 Figure 11: Raipur growth Map ...... 68 Figure 12: Nathhuwa Wala Growth Map ...... 69 Figure 13: Dhalwala Growth Map ...... 70 Figure 14: Rishikesh Dehat Growth Map ...... 71 Figure 15: Gumaniwala Growth Map ...... 72 Figure 16: Kharakmafi growth Map ...... 73 Figure 17: Pratitnagar Growth Map ...... 74 Figure 18: Haripur Kalan Growth Map ...... 75 Figure 19: ‐Jeevangarh Growth Map ...... 76 Figure 20: ‐Mehuwala Mafi Growth Map ...... 76 Figure 21: ‐Central Hope Town Growth Map ...... 77 Figure 23 :Location of Proposed Dam on Song River ...... 147 Figure 23: Techniques of Roof top Rain Water/Storm Runoff Harvesting ...... 149 Figure 24: Benefits of septage management over a conventional sewerage system ...... 161

LIST OF MAPS

Map 1: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Dhalwala Town ...... 112 Map 2: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Raipur Town ...... 113 Map 3: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Natthanpur Town ...... 115 Map 4: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Natthuwa Wala Town ...... 117 Map 5: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Rishikesh Dehat Town ...... 119 Map 6: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Gumaniwala Town ...... 120 Map 7: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Pratitnagar Town ...... 122 Map 8: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Haripur Kalan Town ...... 123 Map 9: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Kharak Mafi Town ...... 125 Map 10: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Jeevangarh Town ...... 126

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Map 11: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Mehuwala Mafi Town ...... 127 Map 12: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Central Hope Town ...... 129 Map 13: Existing Locations of STP in Uttrakhand ...... 159

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM ABBREVIATION ACEPL ARSHIYA COSULTING ENGINEERS PVT LTD ADB ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK AMC ANNUAL MAINTAINANCE COST AMRUT ATAL MISSION FOR REJUVENATION AND URBAN TRANSFER ARWSP ACCELERATED RURAL WATER SUPPLY PROGRAMME BIS BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS BWG BULK WASTE GENERATORS CAGR COMPOUND ANNUAL GROWTH RATE CBO COMMUNITY BASED ORGANIZATIONS CDP CITY DEVELOPMENT PLAN CIM COMPOSITE INDEX METHOD CPHEEO CENTRAL PUBLIC HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING ORGANISATION CPWD CENTRAL PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT CT CENSUS TOWN CTS CENSUS TOWNS CWC CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION CWR CENTRAL WATER RESERVOIR DDWS DEPARTMENT OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION DIC DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE DMA DISTRICT METER AREA DPR DETAILED PROJECT REPORT ESA ENVIRONMENTAL SOCIAL ASSESSMENT ESIA ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT ESR ELEVATED SERVICE RESERVOIR ESAR ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL AUDIT REPORT FSSM FAECAL SLUDGE AND SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT GDP GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT GOI GOVERNMENT OF INDIA GOUK GOVERNMENT OF UTTARAKHAND GP GRAM PANCHAYAT GSDP GROSS STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT GSR/GLR GROUND LEVEL SERVICE RESERVOIR IHHL INDIVIDUAL HOUSEHOLD LATRINE APPLICATION IEC INFORMATION, EDUCATION & COMMUNICATION JJM JAL JEEVAN MISSION JNNURM JAWAHARLAL NEHRU NATIONAL URBAN RENEWAL MISSION KL KILOLITERS KM KILOMETERS LDP LOW DENCITY POLYETHELYNE LFPR LABOUR FORCE PARTICIPATION RATE LPCD LITERS PER CAPITA PER DAY LPM LITER PER MINUTE LWCMS LEAN WASTE COLLECTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEM MC MUNICIPAL CORPORATION MDDA MUSSOORIE DEHRADUN DEVELOPMENT AREA MDWS MINISTRY OF DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION MLD MILLION LITERPER DAY MOUD MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT MPI MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX MRF MULTI RE‐USE FACILITY MS MILD STEEL

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM MSME MINISTRY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES MSW MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE NDWM NATIONAL DRINKING WATER MISSION NEMC NATIONAL ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COUNCIL NGO NON‐GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATION NGT NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL NH NATIONAL HIGHWAYS NITI NATIONAL INSTITUTION FOR TRANSFORMING INDIA NND NAGAR NIGAM DEHRADUN NRDWP NATIONAL RURAL DRINKING WATER PROGRAMME NRGBM NATIONAL RIVER GANGA BASIN MANAGEMENT NRW NON REVENUE WATER NSDP NET STATE DOMESTIC PRODUCT NSSO NATIONAL SAMPLE SURVEY OFFICE O&M OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE ODF OPEN DEFECATION FREE OHT OVERHEAD TANK PA PROJECT ALLOWANCE PAP PROJECT AFFECTED PERSONS PCTS PORTABLE COMPACTOR TRANSFER STATION PESIA PRELIMINARY ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PRI PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTION PSU PUBLIC SECTOR UNIT PVC POLYVINYLCHLORIDE RAP RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN RBI RESERVE BANK OF INDIA RCC REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE RD RURAL DEVELOPMENT RDF REFUSED DERIVED FUEL RWA RESIDENT WELFARE ASSOCIATION RWSS RURAL WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION SBM SWACHH BHARAT MISSION SBM‐G SWACHH BHARAT MISSION‐GRAMIN SCADA SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION SGI STUDIO GALLI INGEGNERIA SIDCUL STATE INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION OF UTTARAKHAND SLB SERVICE LEVEL BENCHMARK SLRM SOLID AND LIQUID RESOURCE MANAGMENT SLWM SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGMENT SMC SOUND MATERIAL CYCLE SOCIETY SPS SEWAGE PUMPING STATION SPSU STATE PROGRAM SUPPORT UNIT STPI SOFTWARE TECHNOLOGY PARKS OF INDIA STPS SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT SWOC STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES TDS TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS TW TUBE WELL UAS URBAN AGGLOMERATIONS UJN UTTARAKHAND PEYJAL NIGAM UJS UTTARAKHAND JAL SANSTHAN ULB URBAN LOCAL BODY UP UTTAR PRADESH UMC USER MANAGEMENT COMPONENT

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM UUSDIP UTTARAKHAND URBAN SECTOR DEVELOPMENT INVESTMENT PROGRAM UWMRA UTTARAKHAND WATER MANAGEMENT ANDREGULATION ACT WSS WATER SUPPLY AND SANITATION WRD WATER RESOURCES DEPARTMENT WTP WATER TREATMENT PLANT

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM DISCLAIMER

This Draft Master Plan of Three Growth Corridors (Dehradun – Rishikesh, Haridwar‐Roorkee and Haldwani‐ Kathgodam) has been prepared by SGI Studio Galli Ingegneria India Pvt Ltd., with Arshiya Consulting Engineering Services Pvt. Ltd. for State Water and Sanitation Mission (SWSM). SGI & ACEPL are responsible for the scope of services allocated as per the agreement.

The proposals submitted in this Report are based on information collated through primary as well as secondary research. We have taken due care to validate the authenticity and correctness of sources used to obtain the information. The information and images provided or analyzed in the Report have been collated from various sources, including web resources, public‐domain information sources and our internal databases. We have ensured reasonable care to validate the data presented in the Report;

References to us in the Report relate to our advice, recommendations and analysis and do not indicate that we take any responsibility for the information concerned or are assembling or associating ourselves with any financial information, including prospective financial information.

This Report has been prepared solely for the pupose of further elaborating on our understanding of the RFP to meet out the “objective” of consultancy, the methodology to be followed, the Work Plan and schedule for submission of sub‐activities in detail.

This Report supersedes any previous oral presentations or summaries we may have made in connection herewith. The information contained in the Report is based on judgmental estimates and assumptions, about circumstances and events. Accordingly, we cannot provide any assurance that the projected results will be attained in this ever changing dynamic market environment.

This disclaimer forms an integral part of the Report.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

ES‐1: BACKGROUND

The State of Uttarakhand is a state in the northern part of India. On 9th November 2000, Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India, being created from the Himalayan and adjoining northwestern districts of Uttar Pradesh. It borders Tibet to the north; Nepal to the east; and the Uttar Pradesh to the south and Himachal Pradesh to the west and north‐west as well as Haryana on its south‐western corner.

The state of Uttarakhand faces a rapid trend of urbanization and expanding peri‐urban growth. From

2001 to 2011, the state's urban population grew by nearly 42 percent, which is substantially higher than the national average of 32 percent. During the same period, the state's rural population growth was 11 percent, relatively closer to the national average of 12 percent. The Census of India (2011), identifies Census Towns (CTs) growing in the rural and urban periphery that lack urban infrastructure and services.

The GoUK’s vision is to provide universal access to drinking water supply in urban areas by 2030 and in rural areas by 2022 and universal sanitation coverage in urban and rural areas by 2019. These are in line with Government of India vision and targets. Further, it aims at integrated development of rural, peri‐urban and urban areas, and to strengthen its sector institutions to cater to the enhanced service delivery standards in these areas. As part of this vision, the GoUK envisages the provision of Drinking Water supply in the rapidly expanding peri‐urban areas at par with the urban areas of the state.

The challenge before the government is to guide the process of urbanization in the peri urban areas and ensure that basic services are available to the residents. Presently, Peri urban areas are visibly deficient in the quality of services provided, even to the existing population. So the demand of growing population needs to be fulfilled.

The State Government opted for seeking external assistance from the World Bank for improving water supply services in the peri urban areas. The scope of the Uttarakhand Water Supply Program (UWSP) covers the entire GoUK’s water supply program for peri‐urban areas. The Program cost is Rs. 975 Crore over six years. Out of this, the World Bank financing is Rs. 780 crores.

ES‐2: OBJECTIVE OF THE ASSIGNMENT

The peri‐urban areas are rapidly growing areas and need to be included in the planning process. Therefore, the state is preparing drinking water supply Master Plans for three growth clusters (Dehradun‐Rishikesh, Haridwar‐Roorkee, and Haldwani‐Kathgodam) for assessing the future Drinking Water supply, Sanitation and Solid Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) demand.

The Master Plan is a document designed to guide the future actions of a community. It presents a vision for the future. Drinking‐Water, Sanitation, and SLWM systems are vital to the functioning of urban, peri‐urban, and rural areas. The public relies on them to supply clean water and disposal of waste.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM A Master plan‐ a comprehensive assessment of the system’s current performance and its future requirements‐ helps the service provider to provide these critical services. A forward‐looking water master plan has to identify and prepare for future needs well before they arise.

Scope of work

According to the ToR of the assignment : “Preparation of Master Plan for three growth corridors, the following activities are envisaged: i) Conduct the regional planning aspects of water supply, sanitation and SLWM service, ii) Conduct analysis of existing water supply, sanitation and SLWM service and iii) Prepare strategic Master Plan for sustainable water supply, sanitation and SLWM services.

ES‐3: APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY

The study starts with the identification of the growth prospects based on social, economic as well as ecological factors. After the identification of the study area, a detailed existing assessment has been carried out to understand its strengths and weaknesses. Thereafter, critical analysis has been done for the Water, Sanitation and SLWM to identify the gap under these sectors. Based on the identified gap, proposals have been formulated in such a way that it provides the solutions in three different levels i.e. immediate, short‐term and long‐term. Based on the proposals different strategies for finance & funding have been exercised. And finally, the institutional arrangement has been proposed with the roles and responsibilities of different departments involved under the water, sanitation and SLWM sector.

The following tasks have been performed during the preparation of a Master Plan for water supply, sanitation and SLWM related to each corridor. Tasks include, but not limited to following:

 Data collection and field visit  Population projection and water demand for water supply and waste generation for sanitation and SLWM  Study of existing assets (Asset Mapping) for water supply, sanitation and SLWM, Willingness to Pay, institutional arrangement  Analysis of service level deficiency and agrregrate short fall/surplus in the delievery of services  Recommendations for design of proposed water supply, sanitation and SLWM system  Block Cost estimate  Financial Resources  Operation and Maintainance Plan

ES‐4: BRIEF ABOUT STUDY AREA

All the Peri‐urban areas, to be covered in the project are divided into three following corridors, according to the location and their growth around a particular urban area.

• Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh (Total 12 Areas)

• Corridor 2: Haridwar – Roorkee (Total 8 Areas)

• Corridor 3: Haldwani – Kathgodam (Total 7 Areas)

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM IN THIS VOLUME CORRIDOR 1 IS COVERED.

ES‐5: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE CORRIDORS

In the study of Regional Planning of corridors, the growth pattern of all the peri‐urban areas were mapped and observed based on social, economic and ecological characteristics.

Corridor 1: Total area is 98.11 Sqkm wherein non built up area is 20.79 Sqkm (21 %) mainly for residential purpose. The total population of corridor 1 is 265998 and the population density per Sqkm ranges between 1562 to 12641 and the average population density is 2705 per sqkm.

ES – 6: EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM SYSTEM CAPACITY ASSESSMENT

The existing water supply system consists of tube wells, distribution pipes, rising mains from the tube wells, overhead tanks etc. The study mainly involved:

 Evaluation of supply pattern and identifying the gap in demand and supply, system performance of storage reservoirs, distribution system and tube wells etc.  Suggestions for remedial measures to rectify the deficiencies of the present water supply system.  Assessment regarding ground water quality of existing water supply system.

This section gives a summary of the existing water supply, sanitation and SLWM system. Based on the records and discussions with UJN, UJS and analysis of water supply has been done and is presented here. Each peri urban area has been analyzed on i) location, ii) status of water quality, iii) present water supply availability, iv) storage capacity, v) discharge capacity of tube wells , vi) distribution system, vii) condition assessment of each subsystem and viii) O&M arrangements and is presented here.

There are two water supply and sewerage providers, namely UJN and UJS (autonomous entities of the Drinking Water and Sanitation, GoUK) in the state. The flagship programs of GoI namely Swach Bharat Mission (Gramin) and Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban) are implemented by Gram Panchayats and Urban Local Bodies in rural and urban areas respectively. Peri urban wise breakup of water connections are presented in the relevant chapter.

Analysis of the existing water supply system and its infrastructure has been presented in this document along with the sanitation and solid waste management of the peri‐urban areas along the three corridors. All the towns are completely dependent on the ground water sources for water supply. Due to which extreme pressure on the groundwater levels has been observed in these peri‐urban areas, especially during the summer season.

Groundwater is pumped out through tube wells and is collected into Over Head Tanks (OHT or ESR); later the water is supplied to the households after adding chlorine to the water through pipes. The same practice can be observed in almost all the peri‐urban areas in corridor 1 and 3. In the case of Corridor 2 out of eight peri‐urban areas four peri‐urban areas do not have public water supply systems. Due to the lack of piped network, OHT’s and damaged tube wells residents of these four peri‐urban areas are completely dependent on the private tube wells or hand pumps to meet their water demand.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

It has been observed that there is no proper distribution system in peri‐urban areas. There are no defined DMAs of distribution. In some peri‐urban areas water is supplied from each tube well directly into the distribution system and then to consumers. In the proposed system, there will be zonal distribution, each zone being fed by an independent OHSR. It would therefore require designing of zonal distribution for each zone. This detailed distribution network analysis is proposed to be undertaken during preparation of DPR. However, attempt shall be made to utilize all the existing distribution lines.

ES‐6‐1: WATER SUPPLY

Water Quality

The goals of water quality standards are to protect public health and environment and to maintain a standard of water quality consistence with its designated uses. The BIS 10500 specifies that acceptable limits and the permissible limits in the absence of alternate sources. Drinking water is water intended for human consumption for drinking and cooking purposes from any source. It includes (water (treated or untreated) supplied by any means of human consumption. Drinking water shall complies with the requirements mentioned in the BIS 10500 code including bacteriological requirements, virological requirements and biological requirements. Bacteriological requirements specify that all samples taken from the distribution system, including consumers’ premises should be free from coliform organisms. Virological requirements specify that all samples taken from the distribution system, including consumers’ premises should be free from virus. Biological requirements specify that all samples taken from the distribution system, including consumers’ premises should be free from biological organisms.

Water Availability Status

All the corridors are dependent on groundwater for their water demand. About 70% of the population is covered by Government piped water supply in Corridor 1 . The groundwater table has decreased from 2‐4 m over the last decade due to an increase in water demand with increasing population. Present water supply is only for 2 to 4 hrs per day. Per Capita supply of water varies between 50 to 90 LPCD with NRW as high as 40‐50 %.

Growth Corridor 1

There are 67 Tube Wells with the production capacity of 31.37 MLD with 37 Over Head Tanks are currently in operation. There are total 47256 unmetered water connections and average annual revenue generation is INR 912 lakhs.

ES‐6‐2: SANITATION AND SLWM

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Most of the peri‐urban areas do not have urban governance structure and are presently classified as rural areas. Rural Uttarakhand had achieved 100% toilet coverage in more than 15000 villages. Uttarakhand was declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) on 22nd June 2017. The GOI has approved Swacch Bharat Mission – Part II wherein the emphasis is on SLWM activities Since the launch of Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin in 2014, 584000 individual toilets in 13 districts have been constructed resulting in increrement of sanitation coverage from 68% to 100% in 03 years (2014‐2017).

Liquid Waste Management

The peri‐urban areas in all three corridors do not have sewerage system. The types of wastewater generated in peri‐urban areas are, (a) septic tank effluent and (b) grey water from residential and commercial properties. The mixture of these wastewaters is managed through a network of open and closed drains in the peri‐urban areas. The sewerage generation has been assessed at 80 % of water production of each peri‐urban area.

Corridor 1: The total water production is 31.37 MLD and Sewage generation is 25.10 MLD.

Solid Waste Management

Corridor 1: There is no proper waste collection system in 9 peri‐urban areas of growth corridor 1. Three peri‐urban areas, namely Nathuwawala, Natthanpur and Raipur are having collection and disposal system. It has been estimated that about 138.16 Ton waste is generated in corridor 1.

ES‐7: DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM

The planning horizon for the master plan is 30 years split in to two phases, i.e short term 2023 to 2038 and long term from 2038 to 2053. All the proposals, i.e. water production capacity, storage reservoirs etc. has been worked out with five years interval.

In consonance with the guidelines of CPHEEO manual, per capita water supply has been taken as 135 LPCD with 15 % NRW and fire demand based on projected population. Terminal pressure has been kept at 12 meters.

The capacity of service reservoirs has been calculated based on mass curve method between inflow pattern of water and out flow pattern of water. The capacity of the reservoir has been worked out as 34.9 % of total water requirement in the Corridor 1, 31.8% of total water.

All Peri‐urban areas are not having a proper sewerage collection system and adopted sanitation technologies. It is assumed to have sanitation technology (15 year from base year) and converting it into a sewerage system as per fund availability with Govt. The Septage quantification 0.27 kg/capita/day has been considered for Fecal Sludge Treatment.

As per NCRPB guidelines the estimated solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns is about 0.1 kg, 0.3‐0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively1. The City Development Plan of

1 http://ncrpb.nic.in/NCRBP%20ADB‐TA%207055/solid‐Waste‐Management‐System/Demand‐Estimation.html#Define Master Plan Toolkit from NCRPB 325.29 grams + 10 extra = 357.819 says 360 g /Capita/Day (Considered for Gaziabad Master Plan) xix

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Dehradun has estimated solid waste generation @0.36 kg per capita/day. The waste quantification 0.36 kg/capita/day has been adopted.

ES‐8: POPULATION PROJECTIONS

A critical factor in the design of a water supply system is the present population and its expected rate of growth. Population projections are required to determine future water supply requirements. The population projections presented herein combines non‐residential and residential populations to develop a total ‘equivalent’ population. The equivalent population represents the projected residential population plus the additional population representative of industrial, commercial and institutional (ICI) land use. This equivalent population forms the basis for developing existing and future water demands.

Below are some of the essential growth parameters necessary to study the growth pattern of towns. Factors Influencing Growth are given in table ES‐1:

Table: ES‐1: Factors Influencing Growth

S. No. Spatial Factors Non Spatial Factors 1 Accessibility to the Area (Road, Rail, Air) Demographic Factors (Growth rate & Density) 2 Land Cover / Land use of Town and surrounding Area Economic Factors 3 Physical and Social Infrastructure Social Factors 4 Land Elevation Political factors 5 Government Schemes and Proposals Local Weather/Pollution 6 Proximity to Major cities and towns Land Value and Ownership

Population projection methods

The population projection and water demand assessment task involved study of the present service area and future expansions:

 Estimation of present population in the service area and water demand.  Population projection, estimation of future demand in the peri urban areas based on population projections.  Study of presently un‐served area and future water demand analysis.

Population projections are required to determine future water supply, sanitation and SLWM requirements. The population projections presented herein combines residential, non‐residential, institutional and floating populations to develop a total equivalent population. This population forms the basis for developing existing and future water demand, sanitation and SLWM requirements. The design horizon year for each master plan is 2053. Population projection has been done for the year 2038 and 2053 using alternative methods.Three methods: i) Cohort survival method – district migration rate, ii) Cohort component method – economy and iii) Cohort survival method ‐ normal migration rate have been used.

Population Projections: At a Glance

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM The total population of base year (2023), mid term plan (2038) and long term plan (2053) for corridor no 1 is 476375, 751696 and 956534 respectively.

The population projections from 2018 to 2053 in five‐year increments are presented in Table ES‐2.

Table: ES‐2‐ Population projection of Growth Corridors.

Name of Peri Population S. No. Urban Areas 2011 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 Growth Corridor I: Dehradun‐Rishikesh 1 Dhalwala 18016 21309 29569 36035 41070 45590 49639 53243 56811 2 Raipur 32900 33092 49462 59725 67431 73812 79262 84239 89227 3 Natthanpur 13905 17445 24683 30886 35272 38769 41698 44346 46988 4 Natthuwa Wala 9206 17482 23883 33295 40059 45282 49489 53102 56514 5 Rishikesh Dehat 34775 41213 47869 67904 79649 87603 93296 98102 102591 6 Gumaniwala 6953 9690 13717 17775 20642 22886 24732 26366 27966 7 Pratitnagar 9564 15388 18852 22479 24958 27071 28934 30718 32577 8 Haripur Kalan 10367 13277 20664 28158 34024 38792 42740 46146 49312 Kharak Mafi‐ 9 Rishikesh 8404 10734 13520 15780 17450 18911 20206 21448 22744 10 Jeevan garh 31224 35840 39090 42340 45590 48840 52090 55340 58590 11 Mehuwala Mafi 73804 114470 135493 156516 177539 198562 219585 240608 261631 12 Central Hope Town 16880 20421 59573 74908 90243 105578 120913 136248 151583 Total Population 265998 350361 476375 585801 673927 751696 822584 889906 956534

ES‐9: GAP ANALYSIS BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY

Gap analysis of water supply, sanitation and SLWM has been worked out based on the existing services and future demand of additional population during the planning horizon. The projected average demand and gap analysis in five year increments has been worked out based on adopted design criteria. The short term period has been considered from the base year (year 2023) to short term period (year 2038) and long term period (year 2053).

Water Supply

Corridor 1: It is revealed from the analysis that, the installation of additional tube wells with discharge capacity of 81750 LPM, additional storage capacity 32400 KL will be needed to meet the short term plan water demand.

Solid Waste Management

Corridor 1: It is revealed from the analysis that total Solid Waste generation in the corridor no 1 in year 2038 is 270.12 Tons/Day and in year 2053 is 344.31 Tons/Day. Since there is no existing solid waste management arrangement therefore there is a 100 % gap in solid waste management.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Liquid Waste Management

Corridor 1: It is revealed from the analysis that total Sewerage generation in corridor no 1 in year 2038 is 82 MLD and for year 2053 is 103 MLD. Since there is no existing sewerage system, therefore there is a 100 % gap in liquid waste management.

ES – 10: WILLINGNESS TO PAY

The Willingness to pay was assessed on the basis of household survey. The survey revealed that the majority of respondents (75%) in the project area are willing to pay between Rs. 125 to Rs 150 water charges per month for improved water supply (135 lpcd, 24X7 a t 12 m pressure). About 18% respondents were willing to pay in the range Rs. 150‐200 per month for improved water quality and reliability of water supply. Surprisingly, 5% households expressed their willingness to pay greater than Rs. 200 per month provided what is promised is delivered. The remaining 2 percent did express reservations because they regarded water services as an entitlement to them should be provided by the government.

ES – 11: PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION

A community consultation strategy is an essential part of the assessment process for the establishment of any facility. The consultation carried out in the preparation of the Master Plan was quite specific, and started with the identification of stakeholders and interest groups that may influence or be affected by any outcomes. Stakeholders included nearby residents, residents within the peri urban areas where the facility is proposed to be established, environmental groups, the local media, and government agencies such as the Central Ground Water Board, Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan and Uttarakhand Jal Nigam, Development Authorities etc.

To gain popular acceptance of services proposed under Master plan and service fee by the users, it is important that the process of determining the fee is transparent and communicated to all stakeholders. The service providers (UJN/UJS) may organize public consultation to have citizens’ views on the proposed service fee structure and levy of lower rates on the poor. This will facilitate better acceptance and payment of user fees.

Type of consultations done with various participants using various tools including interviews with government officials, individual consultations key informant interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder consultation etc. are presented in the table provided below:‐

ES: 7‐Table: Type of Consultations

Level Type Key Participants

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Individual Local‐level Consultation People along the project corridor Sample Door to Door Personal People along the project corridor including Individual Contact those that are not impacted directly PAP, Women, weaker sections, agriculturist, Settlement Focus Group Discussion School teachers etc.

Institutional Stakeholder Discussion Line departments

Following are the observation for success of the Master Plan:

 Community should be involved through consultations in deciding the final contours of the proposed services for Peri urban areas.  Community should be made aware of the socio‐economic and environmental safeguards of the proposed Master plan through regular mass communication and information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns.  Community should be made aware of their responsibilities for ensuring success of proposed incentives. The impacts of their actions on the success of schemes proposed schemes under Master Plan should be made evident through IEC campaigns.  The Water conservation scheme should be encouraged.  Analyses revealed that the majority of stakeholders are very supportive and showed a positive interest in the project and promised to ensure good support during the execution of the project.

ES‐12: RECOMMENDATIONS

The Master plan has been prepared keeping in view the short term and long term requirement of the sample growth corridors. The existing infrastructure has been studied, assessed and issues in service delivery have been identified. Short term and long term plan have been developed with the projected service demands and target to be achieved and various interventions required to achieve the targets have been identified. The proposals have been prepared for short term (2023‐2038) and long term (2038‐2053) planning period and include water supply, sanitation and SLWM requirements.

ES‐12.1: WATER SUPPLY

CORRIDOR 1: DEHRADUN‐RISHIKESH

Proposal for 2023‐2038 (Short Term)

To accommodate the immediate increase in water demand, the installation of new tube wells is necessary for the coming years, which would serve the region for another 15 years.

To accommodate the immediate increase in water demand of corridor 1, the installation of additional tube wells with discharge capacity of 81750 LPM, additional storage capacity 32400 KL and about 800 km additional distribution network is recommended for the short term plan.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Water Supply Short Term Proposal for Corridor ‐ 1

Growth Corridor 1: Dehradun‐Rishikesh S. OHT Capacity Proposed (KL) Year Tube well Capacity Proposed Town Name No. 2038 (LPM)Year 2038 1 Dhalwala 2000 KL 2900 LPM 2 Raipur 2700 KL 5300 LPM 3 Natthanpur 1500 KL 24900 LPM 4 Natthuwa Wala 1750 KL 3550 LPM 5 Rishikesh Dehat 4800 KL 6130 LPM 6 Gumaniwala 650 KL 1810 LPM 7 Pratitnagar 1200 KL 2170 LPM 8 Haripur Kalan 2150 KL 3020 LPM 9 Kharak Mafi 700 KL 1250 LPM 10 Jeevangarh 1500 KL 3080 LPM 11 Mehuwala Mafi 8400 KL 17200 LPM Central Hope 12 5100 KL 10440 LPM Town

Proposal for 2038‐2053 (Long Term)

The State Government is concerned about the long term sustainability of ground water over the next 30 years. The concern arises from the failure of some tube wells. The dam will supplement the groundwater table which, in turn, will enhance the output of the installed tube wells in the vicinity. In order to reduce the dependence on ground water and efficient use of surface water, the Government has embarked upon the construction of dam on Song River with a gross storage capacity of 26 Million Cubic Meter and availability of 150 MLD of drinking water to growth corridor‐1. The construction of the dam costing Rs. 1100 Crore located at 25 km from Dehradun on Song River has been approved.

ES‐12.2: STRATEGIES TO REDUCE NON REVENUE WATER (NRW)

The GoUK aspires to greatly reduce current levels of NRW from 40‐50% to less than 30% by the year 2023. The main strategies to reduce NRW shall be applicable to both bulk and distribution water service systems. The proposed strategy has been designed to target the reduction of NRW in a more cost efficient manner. The key strategies for NRW control shall include, but not limited to:

 100% metering at production as well as consumers’ level, timely replacement of defective meters.  Volumetric tariff,  Regular checking of bulk meter accuracy.  Active leakage control by regular survey and leakage monitoring in the zones or district metered areas, including physical investigations (e.g. sounding sticks)  Replacement of old and leaking pipes  Checking for illegal customers  Revision of tariff structure policy if required to address the high use of water where supplies are limited

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM  Regular meetings of the NRW forum to discuss and transfer best practice  Continued training and improvement in leak detection techniques  Continued public education on the value of water

What Gets Measured gets managed: Water audit is proposed to be conducted for the purpose of accurate calculations of losses NRW. The key to developing a strategy for management of non‐revenue water (NRW) is to gain a better understanding of the reasons for NRW, and the factors which influence its components. Then techniques and procedures can be developed and tailored to the specific characteristics of the network and local influencing factors, to tackle each of the components in order of priority. Causes of failure need to be investigated in depth at the stage of action planning and implementation and a more systematic approach need to be developed. Some of the remedies are suggested below:‐

(A) Regular monitoring for Illegal Connections and Citizen Involvement

Illegal connections involve the physical installation of a connection to water distribution pipelines without the knowledge and approval of the service provider. Illegal connections can occur during the installation of a new supply connection, or sometimes the customer’s supply is cut off after non‐payment and the customer cannot afford or does not want to pay, to be reconnected. During customer awareness programmes, customers should be encouraged to report illegal connections, and regulations should be in place to penalise the water thieves.

(B) Metering of Consumer

At present, the Industrial, Non‐Residential and Residential Connections are charged at a fixed rate based upon the size of the connection. These results are in overdrawing of water and thus increased NRW. The Peri Urban Water Policy is applicable across the state wherein it is provided that all the water connections shall be metered. The enforcement of the policy is imperative for reduction of NRW.

Water for city services such as fountains, parks, gardening, cleaning and public state posts are unaccounted and unbilled. This results in misuse of water, resulting in an increase of NRW. It is proposed that water used for City Services shall be metered. Though the usage is not billed, however an account of used water will create a conscience for misuse.

(D) Water Audit and Planning:

For the purpose of accurate calculation of losses and NRW, Water Audit is proposed to be conducted. The scope of work will involve assessment of existing water supply system, conducting water audit proposal for coverage of gap and detail project report (DPR). The assessment of the existing situation will help in mapping the existing distribution network; identify the physical coverage and gap in the system.

ES‐12.3: RECOMMENDATION FOR INSTALLATION OF SCADA

SCADA‐a widely distributed computer system is primarily used to remotely control and monitor the conditions of field based assets from a control location of water supply scheme. SCADA enhances the efficiency of the O&M personnel who are better informed about the system and hence are in full control xxv

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM of the operations. In a SCADA system the information is linked to a supervisory system for local display, alarm annunciation etc., which may be linked to remote control of pumping operations or operation of valves, etc. SCADA systems in Water distribution are programmed for collection and processing of following information.

 To monitor levels in Service Reservoirs (SR), pressures and flows in a distribution system  To monitor and store data on levels in SRs, or flows/quantity of delivered into a SR or pressures of the distribution system and generate alarms for threshold values of the levels, flows and pressures to initiate operation of valves and pumps  To monitor and store data on the operation of pumps such as Voltage, Amperes, Energy Consumed, Operating Times and Down Times of pumps  To measure and record chlorine residuals and generate alarms at thresh hold values of residual chlorine in the distribution systems.

ES‐12.4: RECOMMEDATION FOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

It has been observed that Waste from all categories including households, hotels, restaurants, commercial establishments, markets, institutions and street sweeping is mixed. The bulk waste storage collection is in some areas only. It is recommended that –

(E) Hotel/Restaurants, markets, temples, to collect their waste separately. (F) Installing roadside community bins at different locations for biodegradable and non‐ biodegradable waste separately. (G) Provisions should be made to collect street sweeping and drain sweeping waste separately.

Component Segregation at source

Existing Scenario

 Absence of segregation of waste at the source of generation  Recyclables including newspapers, plastics and metals are collected by rag pickers

Recommendation

 Usage of separate bins for the collection of biodegradable and non‐biodegradable waste from households and other waste generating sources like street sweeping/drain silt.  Food / biodegradable to be stored in a non‐corrosive container with a cover/lid  Dry recyclable wastes To be stored in bags/ sacks made of plastic/paper/cloth  Segregation can be practised at the secondary collection points/ proposed Transfer Station or in MRF  Domestic hazardous waste to be stored in bags/sacks made of plastic/paper/ cloth to be disposed of in a notified area for safe disposal  Large containers are provided for Garden waste, Marriage Halls, Community Halls etc. to separate collection

Component Primary Collection

Existing Scenario xxvi

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

 Door to door collection of waste only limited towards.  Absence of dustbins at some places  Littering of waste along streets

Recommendation

 The sanitary workers are required to undertake door‐to‐door and/or doorstep collection to prevent littering of waste.  Use handcarts/tricycles with detachable containers of 20 to 40 litre capacity with necessary accessories and handles for easy handling  Placement of waste bins in major commercial areas (as per generation of waste)  Increase the number of vehicles and subsequent manpower for collection of waste  Encouraging and creating awareness among the local people not to throw garbage in the drains and public places  Adoption of the concept of ‘user’, ‘abuser’ and ‘polluter’ charges based on the quantity and characteristics of the waste generated by different sources.  Provide PPE viz. nose mask, gloves, gumboot etc. to sanitary workers on a regular basis

Component Secondary Collection

Existing Scenario

 Insufficient number of secondary collection points  Most of the collection points are open and unhygienic  Existing containers are in damaged conditions  Absence of provision to dump the waste in separate biodegradable and recyclable containers  Poor maintenance of collection points  Manual lifting of waste from collection points leading to the spilling of the waste

Recommendation

Community bins to be provided for the storage of waste in the secondary collection points.

 Bins should be placed on cement concrete having a gradual slope towards drains and flushing the road to facilitate easy transfer of wastes from tricycles.  Identification of collection points/pick up points for the collection of waste to processing/dumpsite

Component Street Sweeping

Existing Scenario

 Absence of need‐based sweeping  Inefficient street sweeping operations

Recommendation

 The streets for sweeping operation shall be classified based on requirements xxvii

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

 The time of sweeping operations should synchronize with that of generation  Divide the town into sanitary worker beats  Sweeping norms based on cleansing requirements, density and quantity of wastes generated; and  Pinpoint operations to attend unnerved areas  Sanitary workers to use handcarts/tricycle with detachable containers of 20 to 40 litres capacity with necessary accessories and handle for easy handling  Long‐handled broom with metal plates monthly one to each sanitary worker  Shovels to pick the heaped wastes and transfer to the containers and replaced in lieu of old one as required

Component Community Participation & Public awareness

Existing Scenario

• Community participation is absent. The waste collection process is termed as the responsibility of safaikarmi only • Absence of significant educational programs, campaigns, NGO activities for public awareness of solid waste management, the significance of recycling, reuse and segregation of MSW

Recommendation

• Local Bodies may actively associate resident associations, trade & Industry associations, Community Based Organizations (CBOs) and NGOs in creating awareness among the people to segregate recyclable material at source and hand it over to a designated waste collector identified by NGOs. The local body may give priority to the source segregation of recyclable wastes by shops and establishments and later concentrate on segregation at the household level. • Develop appropriate information, education and communication material (IEC) according to the local needs and take up awareness campaign and help the urban local bodies to build public awareness in their cities and towns and promote the principle of "Reduce, Reuse and Recycle" municipal waste.

Component Treatment & Disposal

Existing Scenario

• Unscientific waste disposal at various dumping sites

Recommendation

• Proposal floraproper disposal method for various kinds of waste and bases on its characteristics. • Proper leachate management system to be implemented in processing/dumpsite • The inerts to be disposed in a sanitary landfill on an individual or cluster basis. • Provision to provide proper fencing to the processing/dumpsite and appointment of security personnel.

For the preparation of a SWM Master Plan, various micro‐planning scenarios have been explored to achieve targets set in the previous section towards zero waste. Under the current circumstances, Bin Free xxviii

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM peri‐urban areas have been recommended for corridor 1 and 2. For corridor 3 areas with Improved Door Step and Optimized Secondary Collection System has been recommended along with the following recommedations:

 Global Positioning System installation and use for route planning and monitoring should be initiated on a priority basis for efficient service and 100 percent coverage.  Strict enforcement of compliance by municipal/ contracted staff should be ensured as per the proposed standard operating procedures, including use of safety kit and protective gear for workers.  A comprehensive MIS including maps of areas swept by each sweeper, placing of litter bins, cleaning schedule, human resource management, etc. should be prepared. This MIS should be used for planning and managing daily activities and for monitoring the quality of work.  Standard operating procedures (SOP) should be prepared for carrying out street sweeping activities. The SOP should provide minute details regarding the correct ways/ methods to carry out all tasks involved in street sweeping and collection of waste from litter bins.  Proper training and capacity building should be done for street sweeping staff to ensure compliance with the proposed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).  Any staffing or infrastructural deficiencies should be fulfilled as per requirements.  Regular health check‐ups for all municipal/ contracted staff should be done in addition to the provision of medical and insurance against occupational hazards.  Timings of street sweeping should be planned to improve the efficiency of sweeping and cause minimum inconvenience to citizens.  Utmost care should be taken to ensure the safety of workers and minimising occupational hazards by strict enforcement (including fines in case of violations) for use of proper gear (including reflective jackets) and appropriate equipment’s. Design improvements should be done to protective gear and equipment.  Manual handling of waste should be completely stopped by improving the design of secondary bins and/or by creating ramps for emptying handcarts from a convenient height w.r.t. container opening.  Interdepartmental coordination should be done to ensure proper paving of unpaved areas/areas prone to water collection, etc. to improve the results achieved by street sweeping.  Strict human resource management should be enforced to prevent any unauthorised sub‐ contracting of street sweeping activities by workers.

ES‐12.5: LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT

For the short term proposal consultant has proposed Septage Management for the corridor till towns are not having a proper sewerage system. The long term proposal includes sewerage system with sewage treatment plant in the Peri Urban Towns.

ES‐12.6: INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISM

Existing Mechanism

The Department of Drinking water and Sanitation (DDWS), Government of Uttarakhand is responsible to provide Water Supply Services in urban and rural areas of Uttarakhand. State Water xxix

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM and Sanitation Mission is the apex body under the DDWS for providing policy guidance under DDWS. The key implementing agencies of the DDWS are Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan. Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam is the implementing agency while the Uttarakhand Jal sansthan is the maintenance agency. In peri urban areas GPs and ULBs, are also involved in the implementation and/ or management of drinking water supply and sanitation schemes, while some others departments like Public Works Department, Irrigation Department, Forest Department, etc. provide clearances for such schemes and projects. There are other departments, like the Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority, Haridwar Development Authority and Nainital Lake Region Special Development Authority (NLRSDA), which may, as part of their mandate, undertake specific projects related to water supply, sewage, and sanitation, though this may only be a small part of their overall mandate.

Proposed Mechanism

At the State Level, the DDWS would continue to be the nodal agency responsible for implementing the Urban, Peri‐urban and rural sector WSS program across the state. Due to enactment of the constitutional amendment 73rd and 74th, in future all the roles and responsibilities being done by the sector institutions, will be performed by urban local bodies in urban areas and by the Gram Panchayats in rural areas. The actual transition of powers from sector institutions to ULBs/ PRIs may take some time, therefore; the State Government has taken a policy decision that the agency constructing the scheme would be responsible for the operation and maintenance of water supply and sewerage schemes. In other words, UJN and UJS can be seen as two utilities in the ongoing Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for Peri Urban areas. This decision has helped in addressing the life cycle cost and related issue of poorly designed schemes.

ES‐12.7: EMBARK ON PUBLIC‐PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS (PPP) MODEL

In the era of globalization, it is imperative for the governments to improve the public infrastructure in order not only to build competitive advantage, but also to ensure inclusive and sustainable development of nation/state as a whole, by increasing outreach of investments to all parts of the nation. Public Private Partnership (PPP) is one of the best tools to engage the private sector in investment in public infrastructure development to:

 Complement the government’s efforts,  Supplement resources available to the government,  Bring in operational efficiency and expediency in execution of projects and delivery of service  Bring in customer oriented approach in service delivery and benchmark service levels  And finally to create a competitive environment within this sector

Where appropriate, the Peri urban area should be encouraged to embark upon one or more models of PPP which are given below:

1. Service Contracts: Service contracts are the simplest form of private sector participation, whereby the public authority retains overall responsibility for the operation and maintenance of the system, except specific service that is contracted or outsourced.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 2. Management Contracts: Management contracts are a comprehensive arrangement between the public authority and private company to transfer the responsibility for the entire operation and maintenance of the system. 3. Affermage: Affermage involves the leasing of the facility to a private operator for a certain period, which is then responsible for the operation, maintenance and management of the system. 4. Concessions: In this arrangement, the private contractor has overall responsibility for the services including operation and maintenance as well as capital investment. 5. BOOT: Under BOOT contract, a firm or a consortium of firms, finance, build, owns and operates a specific new facility or system. After a predetermined period of time, ownership of the facility is transferred to the public authority. 6. DBO: The public owns and finances the construction of new assets. The private sector designs built and operate the assets to meet certain agreed outputs.

ES‐12.8: TARRIF POLICY

The GoUK needs to develop a roadmap to make the water supply agencies financially viable, balancing the interests of customers. At present, UJS recovers only 53% of the costs through user charges of their expenses due to the practice of fixed monthly tariff inadequate coverage and low collection efficiency. With improved service levels, costs of operations are expected to increase, substantially in peri urban schemes. However, with increased coverage, lower NRW levels and increased collection efficiency, cost recovery is projected to increase. By adopting increasing block volumetric tariff, cost recovery can also reach 100% of operations and maintenance costs which is the GoUK target. GoUK should develop a roadmap for financial sustainability with a tariff framework which will a) protect poor customers through a lifeline concessional tariff, b) discourage water wastage through metered volumetric tariffs, c) reduce the burden of paying customers by setting targets for coverage and collection efficiency and d) commit gradually decreasing subsidies so that user charges do not increase out of step with income of customers. The water supply agencies should also set up modern financial management systems for detailed accounting of costs and revenues.

The consumer falling under higher slabs would be charged more than the existing tariff to promote water conservation, which is a conscious decision of the Government of Uttarakhand. As a policy it is important that tariffs are adequate to promote water conservation. If tariffs are too low, consumption will go up and the available treated water will not be sufficient to cater to the needs leading to failure of the scheme.

ES‐12.9: M&E SYSTEM AND GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL PRORGRAM

The prime requisite for resource planning is a well‐developed information system. There should be a free exchange of data among the various agencies and duplication in data collection should be avoided. Timely availability of reliable information, conveniently accessible to all users, is necessary as a tool for integrated planning of new projects, and for following up the performance of existing systems and the status of water resources. Apart from the data regarding water availability and actual water use, the system should also include comprehensive and reliable projections of future demands of water for diverse purposes.

xxxi

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM ES‐13: SUMMARY FOR FUND REQUIREMENT

Basis of cost estimates: ‐ Price level base year for the cost estimation is 2019 and all costs are shown in INR. Unit cost data in this cost estimation for water supply have been collected from government agencies – Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan. The CPWD schedules of rates have been adapted for the estimation of water supply scheme in the state of Uttarakhand. The rates for non schedule items have been finalized by the UJN; the rate of building work has been taken as per Uttarakhand Public Works Department‐SOR: 2019.

The Block Cost Estimation: ‐ The block cost estimates for water supply have been prepared using two methods‐ 1) Short term block estimate has been prepared based on basic water modelling for one town in each corridor for distribution network and cost has been calculated based on population and network length. Cost estimate considered for short term (year 2038) and long term plan (year 2053)

Project Cost Estimates: ‐ Required cost for the full implementation of projects‐ water supply, sanitation and SLWM proposed in this Master Plan are corridor wise summarized in Table ES‐3. In general, proposed projects are those largely dependent on the government sector, including those to be implemented by sector intuitions.

Table ES‐3: Estimated cost for full implementation of projects (Rs. in crores)

Water Supply SLWM SW Short Term Long Term Short Term Long Term Short Term Long Term Corridor No Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 61977 11317 6065 33750 901 901

Total Cost for Corridors INR Lakhs 114911

Total Cost in INR ‐ Crore 1149.11

It is evident from the above table that:‐ • For water supply, the total investment cost is 84% in short term and 16% in long term. • For sewerage / septage management cost is 16% in short term and 84% in long term. • For SLWM to total investment cost is 50% in short term and 50% in long term.

ES‐14: OUTLINE OF THE REPORT

This document contains 16 Chapters covering various aspects of a Master Plan. This document presents the existing situation analysis of water supply, sanitation and municipal solid waste management followed by overall strategy and broad recommendations for improving services in water supply, sanitation and in solid waste management till 2053.The Master Plan report details out Water Supply, Sanitation and Solid‐Liquid Waste Management for all three corridors.

The chapter 1 presents background information related to the project, the objectives of the assignment, the scope of work and also the approach & methodology adopted to prepare the master plan. xxxii

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM The chapter 2 dwells upon planning area and services of the corridor related to the demographic profile, the existing scenario in peri urban towns.

The chapter 3 describes the approach adopted to complete master plan, schemes/policies/programs related to the water/sanitation/SLWM sector in Uttarakhand.

The chapter 4 describes about the population growth method adopted for the corridors.

The chapter 5 describes about spatial growth prospects of the growth corridor based on the social, economic and ecological characteristics. This section of the report delineates the growth prospects, social prospects, migration in the state (main reasons, destination of migrants) sex ratio, population and density, literacy rate, economic prospects, ecological & environmental prospects, population projection and the cohort survival method for peri‐urban areas.

The Chapter 6 characterizes the distribution of population among the corridor, including the regional plans with the growth pattern of all the peri‐urban areas.

The chapter 7 highlights the town wise existing situation/quality of water, a brief profile of sanitation and SLWM in the corridor.

The Chapter 8 highlights the gap in respect to water supply, sanitation & SLWM services for the projected population until 2053 for each peri‐urban area, along with the probable solutions to full‐fill the gap identified as per the analysis.

The chapter 9 details the short‐term & long‐term water supply proposals for the corridor. It also describes other interlinked strategies to strengthen the proposed plans and zero solid waste management, sanitation facilities, and the sewerage system of Peri Urban areas.

The chapter 10 deals with the public information and consultation process.

The Chapter 11 contains willingness to pay survey.

The Chapter 12 contains designing of the project considering various scenarios such as population projection, water and wastewater quantum, septage management and solid waste management aspects.

The chapter 13 presents a basic outline to provide brief information about the different funding sources, along with the highlights the O&M cost, the cost required for phase‐wise development including the financial recovery plan

The chapter 14 presents the overall impact of the master plan considering the Social and environmental challenges and impacts that may affect the program.

The chapter 15 of the report provides information related to the institutional framework, capacity building and roles & responsibilities of different departments.

The Chapter 16 contains plan review and monitoring proposal for the master plan. xxxiii

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM ES‐15: IMPIMENTATION RECOMMENDATION/AMENDMENTS TO THE MASTER PLAN:

Master Plan for water supply, sanitation and SLWM are not created in a vacuum. Each finding and recommendation will be set against the backdrop of conditions that are currently within a specific time frame. However, conditions change overtime.

Based on uncertainties inherent in peri‐urban areas coupled with the possibility for changes in population, water use patterns, ground water quality and other unknowns, the Government of Uttarakhand will apply an adaptive management approach to decision making and financial commitments associated with the Master Plan.

Adaptive Management provides for flexibility in decision making over time as external condition changes. Decisions are revisited and analysed every five years or more frequently, if significant changes have emerged. Ongoing tracking and new information will allow the Government of Uttarakhand to adjust the timing and scope of planned projects to maintain the balance between system dependability and affordability for customers.

The purpose of updating Master Plan is to incorporate edits, that need to be made to the Master plan document as a result of changing conditions and communicates those changes to stakeholders.

The Master plans for growth corridor being dynamic documents would be periodically reviewed by the DDWS, as and when needed, to address the future water supply, sanitation and SLWM development and management challenges.

ES‐16: CONCLUSION

There is great value in the process of developing a Master Plan and keeping it updated. It is the process that promotes the communication among stakeholders and the Master Plan team is needed to keep a Master Plan up‐to‐date, dynamic and useful as a decision making tool. Engaging the right stakeholders can lead to more efficient and informed decision making and consequently, a more sustainable, comprehensive and usable Master Plan.

Success in implementation of the Master Plans will largely depend on accountability, concentrated efforts and collaboration with stakeholders. The Govt shall ensure that there is close supervision, monitoring and evaluation, in order to effectively realise the objectives of the Master Plan.

xxxiv

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND

1.1 BRIEF ABOUT THE STATE – UTTARAKHAND

Uttarakhand is located between 28o 43' – 31o 27' N latitudes and 77 o 34' – 81o 02' E longitudes. The river Tons separates the state from Himachal Pradesh in the northwest, whereas the river Kali separates it from Nepal in the east. The greater Himalaya is the northern boundary of the state and is also the international border with China (Tibet). Foothills in the south are bound by Uttar Pradesh. Starting from the foothills in the south, the state extends upto the snow‐clad peaks of the Himadri making the Indo‐Tibetan boundary. The region‐is situated centrally in the long sweep of the Himalaya forms a transitional zone between the per‐humid eastern and the dry to sub‐humid western Himalaya. Uttarakhand became the 27th state of the Republic of India on 9 November 2000.

Figure 1: Location of Uttarakhand State

The four major basins viz. Yamuna, Ganga, Ram Ganga, and Sarda in Uttarakhand covers the entire area of the state. There is an enormous quantity of surplus water flows down to the southward plain area. The surplus water is usually generated by run‐off, base flow, and snowmelt. The rivers, rivulets, streams, and nalas of Himalayan Mountain are very much perennial.

The state of Uttarakhand, like many other parts of India, faces a trend of urbanization and growing peri‐urban areas. From 2001 to 2011, the state’s urban population grew by nearly 42 percent, which is substantially higher than the national average of 32 percent. During the same period, the state’s rural population growth was 11 percent, relatively closer to the national average of 12 percent. Similarly, the number of (Census Towns) CTs in Uttarakhand increased from 12 to 41 between 2001 and 2011. A large number of the CTs have emerged in select growth corridors and adjacent to a statutory town, mainly concentrated in the following four corridors ‐ Dehradun‐ Rishikesh, Hardwar‐Roorkee, Haldwani‐Rudrapur, and Khatima. Most of the CTs in Uttarakhand can be characterized as areas in urban fringes and stand‐alone areas. In the past five years, 10 of the 41 CTs have been designated as Urban Local Bodies (ULBs).

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Several rural areas now have urban characteristics and there is an increasing trend of absorbing predominantly rural areas into the limits of urban local bodies. These areas form the Peri‐urban interface‐ ‘the critical region between the urban and rural areas in India’. These transitional areas present unique governance, regulatory, infrastructure, service delivery, and environmental challenges for policymakers. The challenges get compounded due to fragmentation of institutional responsibilities, especially in Peri‐urban areas close to large and growing cities.

PERI‐URBAN AREAS

As per the Government of Uttarakhand (GoUK) these Peri‐urban areas with a minimum population density of 200 persons per square km within a vicinity of 10 km from existing limits of a statutory town/municipality or urban local body, not upgraded or merged into statutory town as on date of negotiations, are increasing rapidly in population due to migration from near rural area and city center, owing to lack in the formal water supply system due to various reasons. Near to 45 percent of households are connected with piped water supply receiving only one to two hours of supply per day following rural standards of 40 Lpcd, with no sewerage system built for these areas.

1.2 RURAL URBAN LINKAGES IN PERI URBAN AREAS OF UTTARAKHAND

India’s urban population has grown 32 percent in the past decade. Although the proportion of urban population concentrated in larger cities continues to remain high, there is strong evidence of an increase in the number of urban growth nodes. Several rural areas now have urban characteristics and there is an increasing trend of absorbing predominantly rural areas into the limits of urban local bodies. These areas form the peri‐urban interface, the critical region between the urban and rural areas in India. These transitional areas present unique governance, regulatory, infrastructure, service delivery, and environmental challenges for policymakers. The challenges get compounded due to the fragmentation of institutional responsibilities, especially in peri‐urban areas close to large and growing cities. Administrative uncertainty resulting from weak links and unclear municipal jurisdiction for infrastructure service delivery along with low priority assigned to these areas by rural departments further exacerbates service delivery issues. This has significant policy implications for the Water Supply Sector. The Guidelines of the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), GoI, provide guidance for the planning of peri‐urban areas and encourage the provision of WSS services at par with urban standards.

Closer rural urban linkages characterize the relationships of today. Urbanization is irreversible and so is the urbanization of rural hinterlands. Today, rural hinterlands and urban areas are becoming more linked than ever. The nature of linkages has changed from separation and dichotomy towards close linkages between the two spheres towards more integrated systems a rural system and an urban system which are closely linked through the flow of people, production, commodities, capital and income, information, natural resources, waste, and pollution. It is crucial to design policies that include, but not limited to the following:‐

 Conceive rural (and peri‐urban) areas as functionally important components of integrated development, supporting urban growth and sustainability.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

 Plan for environmental, social, and economic integration of rural hinterlands with functionally important urban areas.  Plan for more services and facilities in peri‐urban and rural areas, with the perspective of balancing quality of life for rural residents.  Strengthen infrastructure connectivity (roads, water, and sanitation, energy, and telecommunication) with the rural hinterland to bring developmental benefits to areas that have been neglected, but are economically relevant.  Involve rural population in preparations for risk management and investment planning of adaptation measures.

1.3 MAJOR CHALLENGES OF PERI – URBAN AREAS

The state faces a trend of urbanization and the growth of peri‐urban areas at a rapid pace. From 2001 to 2011, the state’s urban population grew by nearly 42 percent. Most of the CTs in Uttarakhand can be characterized as areas in urban fringes and stand‐alone areas. The peri‐ urban areas in the state have largely been neglected in the planning process and most residents are adopting “self‐provisioning" coping mechanisms. The main challenges are as below:

(i) Demand for parity with urban Drinking Water supply services: These areas are typically characterized by expanding housing colonies, institutions, and commercial activities in the vicinity of large towns, with the growing demand for WSS services similar to the surrounding urban areas. The major reasons are (i) lack of efficient equitable services with a duration of Drinking Water supply varying between 3 to 4 hours per day, and (ii) per capita availability of Drinking Water less than 50 lpcd. (ii) Non‐committed funding: While the state receives funding for urban areas (GoI programs including recent JNNURM, and now AMRUT) and Rural areas (NRDWP, SBM), there is no dedicated funding for the rapidly growing peri‐urban areas. (iii) Lack of Regional Planning: There is currently no WSS master‐plan or any other WSS planning tool which covers the peri‐urban areas. (iv) High Non‐Revenue Water (NRW): The reasons for high NRW include: (i) Poor functioning of the scheme due to aging infrastructure (ii) operational inefficiencies, and (iii) un‐metered water supply to consumers. These reasons have resulted in high NRW to the tune of 40–50 percent in most of the areas. (v) Consumer Dis‐satisfaction: Inadequate water pressure at a household level resulting in "Self Provisional coping costs" to consumers. Lack of consumer redressal mechanisms to respond to the citizen's demands and problems due to institutional infirmities are major concerns. (vi) Other Challenges: Heavy influx of tourists and pilgrims into the peri‐urban areas where the dependence is mostly on private bore wells and Low‐cost recoveries are also challenges ahead of the water supply sector.

1.4 UTTARAKHAND WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM FOR PERI‐URBAN AREAS: At A GLANCE

To address the water supply and sanitation issues, the Government of Uttarakhand (GoUK) has envisioned to provide quality service to the existing population and future growth through its “water supply program for peri‐urban areas", specifically targeting improvements from the existing service level and intermittent supply with the provision of universal water supply at par with urban standards.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

The State Government opted for seeking external assistance from the World Bank for improving water supply services in the peri‐urban areas. The scope of the Uttarakhand Water Supply Program (UWSP) covers the entire GoUK’s water supply program for peri‐urban areas. The Program cost is Rs. 975 Crore and the implementation period is six years. Out of this, the World Bank financing is Rs. 780 crores. The development objective of the program is to increase access to improved water supply services in peri‐urban areas in Uttarakhand.

The Program for Results (PforR) instrument would support water service improvements in peri‐urban areas. The use of the PforR instrument would add significant value to the implementation of the GoUK water supply program by (i) ensuring a sharper focus on the most important results GoUK wants to achieve – i.e. increasing access to improved water supply services in peri‐urban areas; (ii) providing financial incentives to improve the policy environment and planning processes for peri‐urban areas; (iii) providing an entry point for GoUK to incentivize the state's Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) systems and encouraging the practice of managing for results with a stronger focus on service improvement in peri‐urban areas.

The proposed project is to be implemented in 22 peri‐urban areas by the state bodies of this sector i.e. Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation (DDWS) and its line agencies UJN, UJS, and State Program Support Unit (SPSU) following the state government procedures. The agencies will be responsible for designing, implementing, and managing the program in distinct geographical areas to avoid overlaps.

1.5 The objective of the assignment

The objective of the assignment is to prepare a strategic master plan for Water Supply, Sanitation, and SLWM in the Dehradun – Rishikesh corridor comprising 12 peri‐urban areas. The details are as below:

Table 1: List of Corridor with Periurban areas S. No. Corridor 1 1 Dhalwala 2 Raipur 3 Natthanpur 4 Natthuwa Wala 5 Rishikesh Dehat 6 Gumaniwala 7 Pratitnagar 8 Haripur Kalan 9 Kharakmafi 10 Jeevangarh 11 Mehuwala Mafi 12 Central Hope Town

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

1.6 CONCLUSION

As per the ToR, Master Plan for the corridor has to be formulated, therefore, it is intended to carry out Task 1‐ Regional Planning for water supply and sanitation services, Task 2‐ Analysis of existing water supply, sanitation, and SLWM services, and Task 3‐ Master Plan for sustainable water supply, sanitation, and SLWM. Thereafter, it is proposed to conduct critical analysis to identify the gap for the Water, Sanitation, and SLWM services. Based on the identified gaps, the master plan for the corridor will be formulated in consultation with the stakeholders.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 2 : STATE PROFILE

2.1 Demographic Profile

Uttarakhand is a hilly state which came into existence on 9th November 2000. The total area of the State is 53483 SqKm and forest coverage is about 38000 SqKm (71.05 %). There are 13 districts in the state namely Almora, Bageshwar, Chamoli, Champawat, Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, Pauri, Pithoragarh, Rudraprayag, Tehri, Udham Singh Nagar, and Uttarkashi. There are 95 blocks, 7485 gram panchayats, and 16916 villages in the state.

As per the census 2011, Uttarakhand has a total population of 1, 00,86,292 of which males are 51,37,773 & females are 49,48,519. The rural population is 70.36 Lakhs (69.76%) and urban population is 30.50 Lakhs (30.24%). 2

Migration from rural to urban areas in Uttarakhand is a major challenge with a comparison between 2001 and 2011 census data showing a slow decadal growth of population in most of the mountain districts of the state. (Table 2: State Decadal Change of Population).

The district‐wise decadal change in population (Table 3: District Wise Decadal Change in Population) reveals that there has been migration from hilly districts to plain districts (Champawat, Nainital, Udham Singh Nagar, and Haridwar). There are two districts (Almora and Pauri) where there has been decrease in population in 2011 as against 2001. The migration of residents from border villages also poses serious national security concerns; the pace of out‐migration is so huge that many of the villages are left with a population in single digits.

2.2 Regional Connectivity

Transportation is considered as the backbone of any development or growth of economic activity in any region. As far as Uttarakhand state is concerned it is connected with the other states and major cities of the country via Rail, Road, and Air. As Uttarakhand is a land lock state, it doesn't have any waterways connecting from other regions.

Rail: Due to the hilly terrain and high elevation of Uttarakhand, connecting the districts is difficult through railway lines. Hence railway line is present in only a few districts of the state namely Haridwar, Dehradun, Pauri Garhwal, Udham Singh Nagar, and Nainital. This railway line connects cities like Haridwar, Dehradun, Roorkee, Rishikesh, Ram Nagar, Kashipur, Pant Nagar, and Kathgodam. There are 30 railway stations in the Uttarakhand state.

Road: The state is well connected with the other states and National Capital Delhi with National Highways. The project area is connected with NH‐334, NH‐507, NH‐7, and NH‐107. Besides the above, a network of major district roads, village roads, and other roads facilitate smooth transportation.

Air: Currently three airports are providing the services in the state of Uttarakhand. They are situated in Pant Nagar, Jolly Grant, and Pithoragarh. Jolly Grant is the nearest airport from the Corridor‐1 .

2 Census India 2011 40

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

2.3 Industrial Development & Economic Growth in Uttarakhand

After Uttarakhand State formation in the year 2000, the Government of India has given Special Category Status to the state in the year 2001. This status lets the state enjoy several benefits such as (i) GoI will bear 90% of the state's expenditure on all the central sponsored schemes and the remaining 10% is given on loan at 0% interest. (ii) Concession on excise duty (iii) Exempted from customs duty, corporate tax, income tax, and other taxes to attract investment.

The state is focusing on the development of Jolly Grant Airport as an international airport and launched Uttarakhand Policy for skill development & Entrepreneurship was launched in the year 2019 to provide employment in the state and create competitiveness among the enterprises and inclusive growth.

Other than these initiatives GoUK also announced a single‐window clearance system in the MSME policy for MSME investments into the state. For encouraging software investments, it has established STPI's (Software Technology Parks of India) Earth stations at Dehradun. These initiatives have increased industrialization in the state. Since awarding the special category status after the state formation high economic growth has been recorded. However, this growth has been limited to three districts Dehradun, Nainital, and Udham Singh Nagar.

Agriculture and allied activities such as poultry, Livestock, etc. are the major contributors to the state's economy. This alone in the state employs the state's population. Crops like rice, wheat, maize, potato are majorly irrigated in the state. The state is also known for horticulture cultivation in the hilly terrains across the country. The major horticulture crop produced here is Apple, Litchi, Plum, and Pear.

The shift in employment patterns away from farming and from self‐employment to wage activities reflects the shift of the rural population to urban areas.

2.4 WATER SUPPLY SCENARIO IN UTTARAKHAND

The GoI has made significant investments in the Water Supply Sector across urban and rural areas and has shown continuous commitment through bringing in sector reforms, enhanced financial allocations, policy directions, and actions to improve monitoring and reporting mechanisms in the sector. The GoI's Jal Jeevan Mission and Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM ‐ Gramin) are the flagship programs focusing on water and sanitation in rural areas. For urban areas, SBM (Urban), SMART Cities, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), and erstwhile Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission (JnNURM) are the major schemes providing support to the Water Supply sector. These programs/schemes also lay stress on institutional reforms and capacity building of key stakeholders besides providing support for infrastructure coverage.

Water Supply Sector (WSS) Challenges in Uttarakhand Uttarakhand has a long way to go before its ambitious targets for universal WSS coverage are met. The state, with an existing population of 11 million (2016), aims to achieve universal water supply coverage in urban areas by 2030, in rural areas by 2022, and (basic) sanitation coverage across the state by 2019. At the state level, 68 percent of households have piped water supply. About 78 percent of urban households and 64 percent of rural households have piped water supply. Of the total rural population of 7.2 million, 45 percent, i.e., 3.2 million people receive less than 40 liters of water per capita per day (lpcd). The duration of water supply varies between three to four hours in pumping schemes and six to eight hours in gravity schemes. The non‐revenue water (NRW) supply is estimated

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM to be about 40‐50 percent. The state was declared open defecation‐free (ODF) in June 2017. Several state and local level institutions have been tasked with improving services across the state.

Status of Urban Water Supply in the State There are 92 urban local bodies in the State. The per capita availability of drinking water in the urban sector is as given below:‐ S.No. Per Capita Availability Nos. of Towns %age of 1. 135 LPCD and above 17 18% 2. Between 100 LPCD and less than 15 16% 135 3. Between 70 and less than 100 21 23% 4. Between 40 and less than 70 26 28% 5. Less than 40 LPCD 13 14% 6. Total 92

There are 17 (18%) ULBs where per capita availability of water is as per GoI’s urban parameters i:e 135 LPCD. There are 36 (39%) ULBs wherein per capita availability ranges between 100 to 135. There are39 (42%) of water ULBs wherein residents get less than 100 LPCD.

Rural Water Supply Sector Status According to IMIS of Jal Sakti Ministry of Government of India, only 19% (7271) habitations are fully covered, that is 40 LPCD and 81% (3187) habitations are partially covered with less than 40 LPCD availability of drinking water as 01‐04‐2020. Out of the 1461910 households, only 217120(15%) households are having functional household tap connections.

Jal Jeevan Mission, Government of India, flagship program aims at providing functional household tap connections to every rural household by 2024 with water quality on regular basis inadequate quantity (55 LPCD) and of prescribed quality. Meeting Government of India water quality standards IS: 10500.

2.5 SANITATION SCENARIO IN UTTARAKHAND

Rural Sanitation: Rural Uttarakhand had achieved 100% toilet coverage in more than 14000 villages and rural. Uttarakhand was declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) on 22nd June 2017. Since the launch of Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin in 2014, 584000 individual toilets in 13 districts have constructed the sanitation coverage increased from 68% to 100% in 03 years (2014‐2017). Under the Namami Gange initiative to clean the river Ganga, all 131villages located near the banks of the river have also been declared ODF. The Government of India's Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin program is focussing on Solid and Liquid Waste Management. The main activities undertaken in SBM (G) include Liquid Waste Management through interventions such as PVC/CC drains, Individual/community Soak pits, three pit/four pit treatment chamber for greywater treatment, etc. The Solid Waste Management interventions include Segregation Centre, individual dustbins, Biogas plant, Vermicompost/ NEDEP compost pit. Plastic shredding machine, MHM incinerator, etc.

Urban Sanitation Urban sanitation in Uttarakhand faces many challenges nearby 3.09 million people in urban areas lack access to improved sanitation arrangements and majority of waste water inlet out untreated into the environment, polluting land and water bodies. Out of a total of 92 local bodies, only 25 urban local bodies are partially covered with sewerage systems. In these partially covered sewerage schemes,

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM there are 124655 sewerage connections against total households 430353. All the Urban Local Bodies have been declared Open Defecation Free (ODF).

Peri‐Urban Sanitation The peri‐urban areas typically rural agglomerations that grow as the population density increases and the employment base shifts from agriculture. They do not have an effective urban governance structure or requisite infrastructure in place that addresses the emerging challenges and aspirations. The peri‐urban settlements have attained urban characteristics while administratively being under the control of rural institutions. Thus Government of India's Swachh Bharat Mission Gramin program is also taking up sanitation‐related activities in peri‐urban areas as well. Peri‐Urban areas are served by an open drain, where the wastewater is collected from the properties and flows by gravity to the lowest point, which in most of the cases are surface water bodies and forest lands. The types of wastewater generated are, (a) septic tank effluent and (b) greywater from residential and commercial properties. The mixture of these wastewaters is managed through a network of open and closed drains in the towns of Uttarakhand.

2.6 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT.

Solid wastes are any discarded or abandoned materials. Solid wastes can be solid, liquid, and semi‐ solid, or containerized gaseous material. In the year 2016, the Government of India enacted "Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016" stipulating compliance criteria for, segregation, collection, storage, transportation, processing, and disposal of municipal wastes. The Ministry of Environmental and Forest, Government of India vide their Notification dated 8th April 2016 made it effective from the date of its publication in the Gazette of India. These rules are therefore applicable throughout the country. The Solid Waste Management Rules, year2016, were updated based on the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, the year 2000.

Though the Government of Uttarakhand is committed to improving the health, sanitation, and hygiene conditions of the ULBs, certain challenges, especially concerning land availability put the state in a difficult situation. Now since National Green Tribunal has been constituted by the Hon'ble Supreme Court of India, which is monitoring the progress of every States in India, thus SWM Rules, the year 2016 compliance is on top priority for the State.

Uttarakhand state consists of 92 Urban Local Bodies (ULBs). The common problem across all the ULBs is Solid Waste Management. Urban Solid Waste Management is one of the most neglected areas of urban development. It is to be recognized that the establishment of solid waste management processing plants is essential for proper solid waste management. There are only four Solid Waste Management plants in the State. Solid waste management processing plants have been established and are functional in Nagar Nigam, Haridwar, Haldwani, Rishikesh, and Nagar Nigam, Dehradun.

2.7 CONCLUSION

It has been observed that there is migration from hilly districts to plain districts because of better employment opportunities and facilities in Haridwar, Udham Singh Nagar, and plain areas of Dehradun and Nainital.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

In rural areas only 19% (7271) habitations are fully covered, that is 40 LPCD and 81% (3187) habitations are partially covered with less than 40 LPCD availability of drinking water as 01‐04‐2020. Out of the 1461910 households, only 217120(15%) households are having functional household tap connections.

Rural Uttarakhand had achieved 100% toilet coverage in more than 14000 villages and rural. Uttarakhand was declared Open Defecation Free (ODF) on 22nd June 2017.

Out of a total of 92 local bodies, only 25 urban local bodies are partially covered with sewerage systems. In these partially covered sewerage schemes, there are 124655 sewerage connections against total households 430353. All the Urban Local Bodies have been declared Open Defecation Free (ODF).

There are only four Solid Waste Management plants in the State. Solid waste management processing plants have been established and are functional in Nagar Nigam, Haridwar, Haldwani, Rishikesh, and Nagar Nigam, Dehradun.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 3 : APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR DEVELOPING THE MASTER PLAN

The project approach starts with the identification of the growth prospects based on social, economic as well as an ecological factor. After the identification of the study area, a detailed existing assessment has been carried out to understand its strength and weakness. Thereafter, critical analysis has been done for the Water, Sanitation, and SLWM to identify the gap under these sectors. Based on the identified gap, proposals have been formulated in such a way that it provides the solutions in three different levels i.e. immediate, short‐term and long‐term. Based on the proposals different strategies for finance & funding have been exercised. And finally, the institutional arrangement has been proposed with the roles and responsibilities of different departments involved in the water, sanitation, and SLWM sectors.

The public consultations will be carried out at the different stages of Master Plan preparation. Types of consultations include using various tools including, interviews with government officials, individual consultations, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder consultations, etc., presented in the table provided below:

Table 2: Type of Consultations

Level Type Key Participants

Individual Local‐level Consultation People along the project corridor

Door to Door Personal People along the project corridor including Individual Contact those that are not impacted directly

Women, weaker sections, agriculturists, School Settlement Focus Group Discussion teachers, etc.

Institutional Stakeholder Discussion Line departments, UJN, UJS, Development authorities, PRI members, etc.

The suggestions given during the consultation process will be incorporated in the Master Plan.

The detailed methodology for Task‐1 & 2 is described as below:

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

3.1 Methodology:

TO PREPARE A MASTER PLAN FOR WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION, AND SLWM

TASK 1 TASK 2

To prepare a demographic model and Study of the existing level of water

Study the Regional Planning of the supply, sanitation, and SLWM service growth corridor based on ecological, in corridors and their recent Social, Economic, and Institutional interventions. characteristics and identifying the areas of high priority Water Supply Sanitation & SLWM

DATA COLLECTION

TASK 1 TASK 2

Primary Source WATER SUPPLY: SANITATION& SLWM: Primary Source  Visual Survey  Flow monitoring Primary Source  Sector‐specific  Asset mapping survey  Energy audit  Asset mapping  Industries,  Water quality  Household surveys

 Stakeholders analysis Consultation and  Condition Secondary Source communication assessment  Data Collection  Census Data, from various Secondary Source  CPHEEO Department for  Census Data,  SBM Water and  CPHEEO,  UJS/UJN, Sanitation  Manual Central Dehradun‐ Ground Water Board Secondary Source Rishikesh Region, (CGWB), Dehradun  UJS/UJN, Haridwar‐ District,  Census Data Roorkee Region,  CGWB, Haridwar  UJS/UJN,  Specific studies District, Haldwani‐ conducted by  CGWB, Nainital Kathgodam Region various agencies District,  Future  MC/NN Haldwani,  UJS/UJN, Dehradun‐  MC Dehradun, Rishikesh Region,  MC Haridwar  UJS/UJN, Haridwar‐  MC / NN Rishikesh Roorkee Region,  MC / NN  UJS/UJN, Haldwani‐ Kathgodam Kathgodam Region SS d d

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ASSESSMENT

TASK 1 TASK 2

WATER SUPPLY: SOLID WASTE:  Preparation of Spatial growth maps  Sources, Current  SWM infrastructure  Identification of production, available, Collection Growth Prospect of demand, treatment, Network and its each corridor. and distribution mapping its assets  Demographic network of water,  Solid Waste Projections  Quantification of generation and its  Identification of the water sources & disposal. High, Medium, and their quality, Flow Low growth Town measurement, LIQUID WASTE:

 Base‐map  Existing scenario preparation incorporating field regarding access, data, type, location, and  Energy Audit, hygiene of toilets. Household Survey,  Septage management, Revenue generated sullage collection & and collected, disposal, wastewater  Coverage, no of and stormwater connections, tariff collection system, and supply duration disposal point of treated/untreated waste water; along with their

INFERENCES FROM TASK 1 AND 2

CONTEXT AND ANALYSIS

WATER SUPPLY: SANITATION AND SLWM:

 Brief about existing scenario town wise.  Brief about existing scenario town  Calculation of water demand as per task 1 wise. growth population  Calculation of Sewage generation as  Gap analysis from water demand per task 1 growth population calculation  Calculation of waste generation as  SWOC Analysis for each corridor per task 1 growth population

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

PROPOSALS

SOLID WASTE:

WATER SUPPLY:  Strategies towards “Zero Waste”  Decentralized waste management  Proposed OHT and Tube Wells as per gap  Waste to Energy analysis for all corridors.  Construction of Dam on River Song, Corridor 1. LIQUID WASTE:  Check Dam  Water Harvesting, Conservation, and  Introduction to National Urban Sanitation Augmentation of Water Resources Policy  Runoff Water Harvesting  Strategies to prepare Sanitation Plan  Non‐Revenue Water Management

COST ESTIMATE FINANCE/FUNDING/O&M

INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

3.2 CONCLUSION

From the above it is inferred that the following tasks have been performed during the preparation of the Water Master Plan for the growth corridor 1:

 Data collection and field visits  Population, projection  Water demand, sewerage generation, Solid and Liquid Waste Generation  Demand and Gap analysis f water supply, sanitation and SLWM  Recommendation for Short Term and Long Term Planning Horizon  Block Cost Estimate for Water supply, Sanitation, and SLWM  Operation and Maintainance Plan  Institutional Arrangement

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 4 : PROFILE OF CORRIDOR AND SPATIAL GROWTH INFLUENCES

4.1 CORRIDOR 1: DEHRADUN – RISHIKESH

CHAPTER 5 Railway connectivity is also excellent for these regions. Major Railway stations connecting Corridor‐1 are Dehradun, Rishikesh, and Haridwar Railway Station. Natthuwa Wala, Raipur, and Natthanpur are adjacent to Dehradun and also come's under the Dehradun planning area. These towns are very well connected by NH‐7 and also by rail. These towns are restricted in their growth in the South direction.

Figure 2: Location of Corridor ‐ 1

5.1 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE

5.1.1 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Dehradun is the interim capital of Uttarakhand. Located in the Garhwal region, it lies 236 km. North of India's capital New Delhi and 168 km. from Chandigarh. It is one of the "Counter Magnets" of the National Capital Region (NCR) being developed as an alternative center of growth to help ease the migration and population explosion in the Delhi metropolitan area and to establish a Smart City at Dehradun.3 Rishikesh, also known as Hrishikesh, is a city governed by Rishikesh Municipal Corporation (since October 2017). Located in the foothills of the Himalayas in northern India, it is known as the "Gateway to the Garhwal Himalayas" and "Yoga Capital of the World". It lies approximately 25 km North of the city Haridwar and 43 km South‐East of the State Capital Dehradun. As per Census 2011, the total number of households in corridor 1 is 55635 and the population is 265998. The total area of all periurban areas is 98.11 sqkm and the average population density is 618 per sqkm. Census population in Rishikesh Dehat is highest among other peri‐urban towns and the lowest is for Gumaniwala. (Table no 5: Demographic Profile of Towns under Corridor‐1 (2011) 5.2 Growth Classification of Towns

There are three methods to classify the towns based on growth which are listed below.  Population Growth Rate  Compound Index/ Indicators Method  Site Suitability Analysis Among these three methods, population growth rate methods are a simplistic way to identify the region's growth. This method uses only population growth for only a decade is used as an indicator. Among the other two methods, Site Suitability is a spatial method that uses GIS as a tool to identify the region’s growth whereas, Compound Index/ Indicators Method is a non‐spatial method. This considers many components or indicators to identify the growth rate of a region. The above three methods are explained with outcomes in the below sub‐sections.

5.2.1 Population Growth Rate

All the populations change in size with time is population growth. Generally, the population growth rate is calculated annually or for decadal. The increase or decrease in population growth rate can be observed due to the births or deaths in a region. Only when births equal deaths the population growth rate stay the same. Other factors which influence growth factors are in or out‐migration. The only things affecting population growth are births or deaths. The birth rates have been constant for many years, whereas the death rates have declined drastically due to more food, less disease, more social structure and better medical infrastructure. The population growth rate is used to determine the demand of the services among the population and 50anchayat how demand is changing over time. It is also used to study the present and future composition of the population and its spatial distribution.

The standard formula for calculating growth rate is: Gr= N / t

3http://cdodoon.gov.in (Chief Development Office Dehradun, Govt. of Uttarakhand.) 50

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Here, Gr is the growth rate expressed as a number of individuals. N is the total change in population size for the entire period, also expressed as a number of individuals. T is time, usually expressed in the number of years. Of course, for really quickly growing populations, it might also be expressed in months or some other unit of time. The formula is calculated the same way regardless of the unit of time used. In comparison with the state, the Dehradun district population is increasing rapidly. We have also included nearby town as a comparision with peri urban towns. The growth rates of the peri‐ urban towns of Corridor against the main cities are presented in the figure below.

Central Hope Town 75 Mehuwala Mafi 73 Jeevan garh 72 Kharak Mafi 56 Haripur Kalan 54 Pratitnagar 26 Gumaniwala 22 Rishikesh Dehat 169 Natthuwa Wala 47 Natthanpur 57 Raipur 24 Dhalwala 62

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180

Figure 3: Growth Rate in Peri‐urban Towns along Corridor‐1

Based on the population growth rates, towns are classified into three categories. The towns whose growth rate is in between 0% to 50% is categorized as Low Growth Towns, Medium Growth Towns are the towns whose growth rate is in between 50% to 100% and towns whose growth rate is more than 100% are categorized as High growth towns4. The towns falling in these categories are listed below. Table 3: Categorization of Towns based on Growth Rate Name of Corridor High Growth Towns Medium Growth Towns Low Growth Towns Rishikesh Dehat Dhalwala Pratitnagar Kharak Mafi Gumaniwala Corridor 1 Natthanpur Raipur Haripur Kalan Natthuwa Wala Central Hope Town Mehuwala Mafi Jeevangarh

Based on the above table, we can observe that 1 town among all the corridor is having high growth rate and four towns are growing at a rate of more than 50 %.

4Hyderabad CDP, Delhi Master Plan 51

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

5.2.2 Compound Index Method

Composite index/indicators methodologies are used to meet a wide range of purposes and to informparticular decisions or decision‐making processes. Examples include assessments of human development, wellbeing, quality of life, sustainability, governance quality, poverty, multiple deprivations, disaster risk, and disaster risk management. The strengths and weaknesses of composite indicators largely derive from the quality of the underlying variables. Ideally, variables should be selected basedon of their relevance, analytical soundness, timeliness, accessibility, etc. Here in Compound Index method, Indicators/ variables play a crucial role. An indicator / Variable is a direct measure, an indirect measure (proxy indicator), or a calculation used to represent an attribute of a system of interest (e.g., a population, geographic region, socioeconomic sector, or coupled human‐environment system). Indicator values are derived from processed data. An indicator can be a quantitative or qualitative measure. For example, maternal mortality ratio, infant mortality rate, and life expectancy at birth can serve as proxy indicators to indirectly measure and monitor a population’s access to essential health care services.

Depending on the requirement, the process or approach using this methodology to achieve the aim will be different. For this study, the methodology to classify the growth rate of the peri‐urban along the corridor is presented in the figure below.

Figure 4: Methodology for the Compound Index Method

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

5.2.3 Identification of Indicators

As we are working on Social, Economic, Ecology and Environment; indicators required to assess the growth in these sectors are to be identified. Later, data of these indicators in all the Peri‐urban towns are to be listed down in a table. For this study, indicators identified for the above‐mentioned sectors based on the data available and according to the requirement to assess the growth are listed in the table below.

Table 4: Identified Indicators for Classifying the Growth of Towns

Economic Social Ecology and Environment Proximity to the Industrial Population growth rate (2001‐ Proximity to the forests Areas 2011) Working Population in % Census Town Classification Proximity to the Rivers Main Working Population Non‐Built‐up area available Ground Water Levels Change of Cultivators (2001‐ Availability of Solid Waste collection Density 2011) system Proximity to the major city Availability of Water Supply system Proximity to the Airport Proximity to the Railway Station Based on the ranks, the towns are classified into High, Medium and Low growth based on the median methodology. The results after assessment for this study are listed in the table below.

Table 5: Classification of Growth of Towns Based on CIM

High Growth Medium Growth Low Growth Dhalwala Natthuwa Wala Rishikesh Dehat Raipur Natthanpur Kharak Mafi Gumaniwala Haripur Kalan Pratitnagar Mehuwala Mafi Jeevan garh Central Hope Town

From all the indicators, prospects, it can be observed that the population growth is due to Industries, further leading to migration. Proximity to the transport nodes, and to the major city and infrastructure facilities available are the prime indicators for the towns like Dhalwala, Raipur and Mohanpur Mohammadpur to be in High growth towns list. Indicators like proximity to the industrial areas and proximity to the major cities have made Bahadrabad, Gumaniwala, Jagjeetpur and Dhandera towns to be in High towns list.

Indicators affecting the growth rate of medium towns are infrastructural facilities available in the town, proximity to transport nodes and industries. The reasons for low growth in the towns like Bamori Talli, Bandobasti, Kharak Mafi, Pratitnagar and Nagala Imarti is due to long distances to the industries, and lack of transport nodes and infrastructural facilities available in the town. Still, the population growths in these towns have been observed in the last decade which is due to outgrowth of the major city and non‐built‐up area available in the town.

5.3 Site Suitability Analysis

Analysis of the census, towns as an individual site in the growth corridor for their priority in planning development has been carried out using Site suitability analysis method using a GIS tool. The prospect

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM of the towns is categorized in high, moderate and low perspectives. This is carried out considering primarily two factors, degree of urbanization and environmental condition (inversely proportionate to the proximity of river). The degree of urbanization has been attempted to tap using different parameters influencing urbanization, including urban factors of a census town.5

5.3.1 Methodology

The process of this analysis has been shown in the below table. The selected parameters considered are Proximity to the nearest main city, Infrastructure, Proximity to the river, Proportion of main male non‐agricultural worker to total main male worker, Population growth rate, Population density, the share of built‐up area to the total area and Household density. These are considered under factors like environmental, infrastructure, Economic, demographic, spatial and settlement pattern.

To get the prospect of each town, the above‐selected parameters are integrated to get three categories of prospects for future planning development. The weightage of each of this parameter over the other has been derived using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) shown in Table 1 below.

Table 6: Weightage of the selected Parameters

Parameters to be Integrated Weight/ Integrating % Proximity to the main city in km 33 Infrastructure (Water supply and Solid waste collection system) 23 Proximity to the open water source 16 Main male non‐agricultural workers to the total main workers 11 Population growth rate (2001‐11) 7 Population Density (per Sq. km) 5 Share of Built‐up area to the total area 3 Household density 2 Total 100 5.3.2 Analysis

The Site suitability analysis has been performed for growth corridor to get the prospect of each town in them shown in the figures below for the corridor.

5.3.2.1 Corridor‐1: Dehradun – Rishikesh

The prospective analysis shows four categories of low prospective, moderately prospective, moderate high prospective and very high prospective. These four categories are simplified and grouped into 3 prospective categories shown in Table below of the towns in the corridor.

Table 7: The Prospects of the Towns in Corridor 1 for Future Planning Development High Growth Towns Medium Growth Towns Low Growth towns Dhalwala Natthanpur Kharak Mafi Raipur Jeevan garh Natthuwa Wala

5Reshmi Shaw and Arijit Das, identifying peri‐urban growth in small and medium towns using GIS and remote sensing technique: A case study of English Bazar Urban Agglomeration, West Bengal, India, (Malda: University of GourBanga, 2018), 165. 54

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Gumaniwala Mehuwala Mafi Pratitnagar Haripur Central Hope Town Rishikesh Dehat

Figure 5: Prospective Area Analysis for Corridor 1

5.4 CONCLUSION

The results of both Composite Index Method (CIM) and Site Suitability Analysis are compared and the results of both methods are almost the same when compared with each other.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 6 : GROWTH PROSPECT AND POPULATION FORECAST

6.1 Growth Prospects

Spatial growth prospects of each of the growth corridor based on the social, economic and ecological characteristics are explained in the subsections below.

6.2 Social Prospects

Urban Sprawl

In any country’s development process, population growth plays a vital role. While the Indian average growth rate is 17.64%, Uttarakhand state is growing at 18.81%6. The increase of migrants from other districts of the state to Dehradun, Haldwani, Haridwar, Udham Singh Nagar cities and the increase of industries, Uttarakhand has observed an urban growth rate of 32.33% in the year 2011 from 20017. Due to very less yield from the agricultural sector, the agricultural workers are shifting to other sectors. Since 2005 there has been registration of a huge number of industries owing to the implementation of the new Industrial policy of Uttarakhand state. This policy has given many incentives for the establishment of industries in the state. The decrease in the population of the other districts and a huge increase in these four districts can be observed in this decade from the census. Dehradun the capital of the state has observed more population migration.

Dehradun city sprawl is based on its geographical condition. Viewing the presence of the hilly terrain and forest on the North West side, the city is spreading towards the South and South‐East direction. The three towns, namely Raipur, Natthanpur, and Natthuwa Wala of Corridor 1 are located in the South and South‐East Direction of Dehradun city. This change can be observed in the land use land cover maps during 2005‐06 and 2011‐12, which are presented in the figures below. Due to the presence of IT Park and Industrial Areas like Selaqui, the Northern part of the city is getting dense. Many large‐scale industries and industrial estates are present in the North East and South East direction of the city, attracting a huge population.

In the case of Rishikesh, the city is bounded by forests and rivers which are acting as natural barriers for the sprawl. Still, huge migration numbers have been observed in the city during the last decade. The growth in this city has happened in the vacant lands or non‐built up areas around the city. The sprawl of Dehradun and Rishikesh city between 2005‐06 and 2011‐12 has been presented in the figures below. As the city is present in between ecological sensitive areas like Ganga River and Raja Ji National Park, there are no major industries present in the city.

6 Census of India, 2011 7Uttarakhand Human Development Report 2018 56

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 6: Land Use & Land Cover Map for Corridor‐1

6.3 Migration

Most of the economic opportunities tended to concentrate in plain areas of the State, leading to huge income inequalities across the hill and plain districts of the State. Per capita income (measured in terms of per capita net district domestic product) in Bageshwar, Champawat, Tehri Garhwal, and Almora districts is almost half of that is in Dehradun and Haridwar. During the period from 2001‐2011, Uttarakhand witnessed a period of high economic growth, with moderate population growth at 1.74% per annum which was higher than the national average though in the hill districts this figure was 0.70% and in the plains districts this was 2.82 %. Further, the population growth rate in the rural areas of the hill districts was even lower at 0.38%, though this figure for the urban areas of the hill districts is much higher.8 As per the NIRD study, many of the migrants have better education and get regular salaried jobs which are not available in the hill region. Families have a tendency to improve the educational level of their members, mainly males so that they get employment outside the hill region. Status of rural migration in the state and related socio‐economic situation Analysis of the data shows that the main occupation of people living in different villages of the state is Agriculture, followed by labour and government service.9

8National Institute of Rural Development, Hyderabad (Mamgain and Reddy2015) on migration in Uttarakhand 9 Source: Rural Development and Migration Commission (April 2018)

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

6.3.1 Main Reasons for Migration

The main reason for migration is the problem of livelihood/ employment followed by a dearth of education; health and infrastructure. The detailed data in table 21 (Main Reason for Migration from Gram Panchayat (District Level) ) depicts that on an average 50 % of people have migrated in search of better employment opportunities followed by better education (14 %) and medical facilities (8%).

6.4 Population Density

The ratio between population and the area of a region istermed as Population density. Higher population density will have a higher scale of economy. As discussed earlier, due to the new developments happening around the corridor rural population from the other districts are migrating to Dehradun, Nainital, Rishikesh and Haldwani. The Peri‐urban towns near the Rishikesh city are bounded by protected areas, hills and rivers; hence the developments are happening in the vacant pockets of the towns. Therefore, the density of these towns along Corridor 1 is increasing rapidly day by day.

6.5 Literacy Rate The average male and female literacy rates of the corridor no 1 is 81.50% and 71.22 %. Thus female literacy rate is less against Male literacy rate.

6.6 Economic Prospects 6.6.1 Workforce The working population of corridor no 1 is 31.54 % as compared to the state average of 28.45%10. The national average for working population is 39.13%.

6.6.2 Industries Uttarakhand State growth is mostly driven by non‐farm sectors of its economy. The secondary sector, which includes manufacturers and industries have been contributing over one‐third of the state’s SGDP11. This trend has been observed for a decade. A major number of industries are located in and near Dehradun city. These industries are also attracting population from other regions and states through employment. Due to abundance availability of natural resources, Uttarakhand being in a special category state, quite many establishments are getting registered. Government of Uttarakhand has initiated a single‐window clearance system for the smooth registration and approval to attract industries. These industries are further leading to an effect in increasing the population in the region.

The industrial profile of Dehradun has been presented in the Table below12. The annual industries establishment’s details and employment generated through these industries have been listed in Table.

Table 8: Industrial Profile of Dehradun District

10Census of India, 2011 11MSME Report on Dehradun District 2018 12DIC – Dehradun MSME Report 2018 58

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Registered Industrial Units 5883

Total Industrial Units 5943

Registered Medium and Large unit 60

Workers employed in Small Scale Industries 34733

Workers employed in Medium Scale Industries 4471

Two industrial areas are located near Corridor 1, one in Ranipokhari and the other in Kuanwala. Details of these Industrial Areas are presented in the table below.

Table 9: Industrial Areas in Corridor‐1 Location Area (in Hectares) No of Units Employment Ranipokhari Govt, Mini Industrial Estate 2.55 2 15 Kuanwala Industrial Area ‐ 10 984 SIDCUL IT Park 50 9 246 Raipur Industrial Area 10 13 160 Mohobbewala Industrial Area 50.7 35 1435

Patel Nagar industrial area is located on the west direction of Dehradun city. However, it doesn’t have much influence on the Corridor. The annual industrial establishment’s details and employment generated through these industries have been listed in Table.

6.6.3 Tourism Tourism industry holds the major share of the economy generated in the state of Uttarakhand. Visitor’s major expenditure is on accommodation services, food and beverages services and transport. The number of hotels in corridor no 1 is about 195 with about 3700 room facilities.13

6.7 Ecological & Environmental Prospects 6.7.1 Eco‐sensitive Areas Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, GoI has notified Eco‐Sensitive Areas around Protected Areas, National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries to regulate and monitor the activities around these sensitive areas. Among the corridor, Corridor 1 (Dehradun‐Rishikesh) has the presence of an Eco‐Sensitive Area named Rajaji National Park. ESA Notification is enabling the Protected Area to act as barriers for the outgrowth from Dehradun, Rishikesh and other settlements to protect and conserve forests and wildlife, ecological, faunal, floral, geomorphological protecting & propagating or developing wildlife therein or its environment14. The area of Rajaji National Park is 820 Sq.Km. An Eco‐ Sensitive Area is a buffer zone or transitional area around any national park or wildlife sanctuaries which acts as a shock observer. According to the ESA notification, no development, construction or

13Collection of Tourism Statistics for the State of Uttaranchal 14ENVIS Centre on Wildlife & Protected Areas 59

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM any human activity is allowed in this area. However, on‐going agriculture/cultivation, organic farming, green energy establishments are permitted in the region.

6.7.2 Rivers Rivers are the major source of drinking, irrigation and play a significant role in the water cycle. Rivers also act as drainage channels for surface water and provide habitat for many kinds of species. Rivers are also considered as the backbone of civilization. In terms of water flow, the biggest river of Indian sub‐continent passes closely near Rishikesh city.

Perennial River Song originates from mountains of Dehradun passes along the Corridor 1, while collecting the drain from Doon valley and discharges into River Ganga. These rivers are also limiting the outgrowth of the Corridor 1 Peri‐urban towns.

6.7.3 Ground Water The demand for fresh/usable water has increased manifold globally due to rapid populationgrowth, which in turn caused a change in agricultural pattern and increase in industrial activities. To meet the

Figure 7: Ground Water Fluctuation in Corridor‐1 60

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM demand for the fresh water of various sectors, there is enormous stress on groundwater resources as the surface water pollution is increasing day by day. This has resulted in the water level decline in many parts of the country as the output has outstripped input of this resource. The same has been observed in the Dehradun District which comprises of Corridor 1,. We can observe the rise and fall of groundwater levels decadally in Corridor between 2006 and 2016 during various seasons due to the demand in the below figures 7.

6.8 Population Projection Demographic projections try to find out the types and numbers of the persons residing in an area at a future date. These numbers and composition help in determining the type and level of facilities to be provided for an area to flourish, keeping in view the future growth prospects.

Past trends show Uttarakhand state’s growth comes in the form of relatively low‐density sprawl where high‐density pockets have been formed like Dehradun, Haridwar, Nainital, Udham Singh Nagar etc. These trends are being observed due to the economic activities around the major cities in plains and low‐lying cities of the state.

The decadal population census of the peri‐urban towns along the corridor has been presented below: Table 10: Decadal Population of Corridor‐1

Name of Peri Urban Areas Population S. No. (Census Towns) (as per Census 2011) 1991 2001 2011 Growth Corridor I: Dehradun‐Rishikesh 1 Dhalwala 5855 11144 18016 2 Raipur 3557 24921 32900 3 Natthanpur 3033 5958 13905 4 Natthuwa Wala 3564 4866 9206 5 Rishikesh Dehat 11235 12915 34775 6 Gumaniwala 3256 5450 6953 7 Pratitnagar 6341 7007 9564 8 Haripur Kalan 4561 6478 10367 9 Kharak Mafi‐ Rishikesh 3425 5397 8404 10 Jeevangarh 14997 22342 31224 11 Mehuwala Mafi 37558 45999 73804 12 Central Hope Town 4727 7763 16880

Source: Census of India, 2011

6.9 Cohort Survival Method

This method has been used for towns with low or nominal growth, as shown in the growth prospects discussed previously. It was assumed that these towns have a migration pattern of their own, which is different from the parent district and is not augmented by any external factor. The adopted methodology has been described below.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Initial populations for every town for the base year (2011) have been grouped into ‘cohorts’ defined by age and sex, and the projection proceeds by updating the population of each age and sex‐specific group, according to assumptions about three components of population change: fertility, mortality, and migration. Due to data unavailability/cumulative nature of data, the following assumptions have been made:

 Fertility, migration and mortality Rates of Uttarakhand state/districts of Uttarakhand are evenly distributed over the whole area confined within the state/district.  The past trend of fertility and mortality will continue in the future, without fluctuation.  The age‐wise distribution of the population (including the migrants) in each district of Uttarakhand is even in the whole district.  The composition of males and females (sex ratio) will remain constant throughout the projection period.

For projection, five‐year age groups have been taken as cohorts and each survival cohort is forward to the next age group according to the survival rates. The survival rates for each age group have been calculated using the formula:

𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑫𝒆𝒂𝒕𝒉𝒔 𝑺𝒖𝒓𝒗𝒊𝒗𝒂𝒍 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 𝟏 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏

The calculation is made for each age group and is repeated every time as the projection proceeds. The size of the youngest group for the projected population is calculated by applying the assumed age‐ specific fertility rates to the female cohorts in the reproductive age span (15‐49yrs of age). The formula used for calculating the number of births (B) is:

𝑭𝒆𝒓𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒆 ∗ 𝑹𝒆𝒑𝒓𝒐𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒗𝒆 𝑭𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒍𝒆𝑷𝒐𝒑𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝑩 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎

Migration is also accounted for, by applying the age‐specific net migration rates to each cohort. The migration rates have been calculated using Survival Ratio Method. The change in population between 2001 and 2011 was compared with the change due to natural growth calculated in the above step. The difference between the two was attributed to net migration. Since the migration is not being affected by any external factor and the towns in which this method has been applied have very low interaction with the major cities or outside area, this method of migration estimation was found to be suitable.

To project the total population size and composition, the numbers of births and net migration have been added to the survived population.

The final equation of the whole projection process that has been followed comes out to be:

𝑷𝒊 𝑷𝒐 ∗𝑺𝑩𝑴

Where Pi = Target year (i) population

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Po = Base year population S = Survival Rate M = No. of migrants

Figure 9: An Illustration of one‐time step of the Cohort Method used for Population Projection

Above figure shows a step in the methodology used for the population projections.

Cohort Survival with District Migration Rates This model has been used for towns where growth is due to proximity to major cities, infrastructure, and transportation nodes etc. These towns have been assumed to follow the growth pattern of the parent region (district) to some extent.

6.9.1 Cohort Component Model

This model has been considered for towns having major industrial areas in their vicinity and economy having a major role in their growth. It has been assumed that the industrial workers will migrate to these towns and these towns would serve as satellite towns for major cities.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

The survived population has been calculated as described in the previous sections, and the migration in these towns has been forecasted keeping in view the growth in working population or cultivators etc.

Table 11: Method Adopted for population growth of Corridor‐1

Name of Peri Urban Areas Method Used for S. No (Census Towns) Factors for using the method Projection (as per Census 2011) CORRIDOR‐1 Proximity to transport nodes, water sources, Cohort Survival Method – 1 Dhalwala infra facility so migration is high due to District Migration rate proximity to the city Proximity to transport nodes, water sources, Cohort Survival Method – 2 Raipur infra facility so migration is high due to District Migration rate proximity to the city Cohort Survival Method – Proximity to city, transport nodes and 3 Natthanpur District Migration rate infrastructure is good. Cohort Component 4 Natthuwa Wala Proximity to industry and transport nodes Method – Economy Cohort Survival Method – No economy and no infrastructure but near 5 Rishikesh Dehat District Migration rate to thecity Cohort Component 6 Gumaniwala Proximity to the industries Method – Economy Cohort Survival Method – 7 Pratitnagar No economy and no infrastructure Normal Migration Rate Cohort Component 8 Haripur Kalan Proximity to industries and infrastructure Method – Economy Cohort Survival Method – 9 Kharak Mafi‐ Rishikesh No economy and no infrastructure Normal Migration Rate Cohort Survival Method – 10 Jeevangarh No economy and no infrastructure Normal Migration Rate Cohort Survival Method – Proximity to city, transport nodes and 11 Mehuwala Mafi Normal Migration Rate infrastructure is good. Cohort Survival Method – 12 Central Hope Town No economy and no infrastructure Normal Migration Rate

6.10 CONCLUSION: POPULATION PROJECTION

Based on Cohort Survival Method, different sub Cohart method has been applied to arrive at population projection for periurban towns and summarized below:

Table 12: Population Projection for Peri‐urban Towns along Corridor‐1

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Name of Peri Urban Population S. No. Areas (Census Towns) (as per Census 2011) 2011 2018 2023 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 Growth Corridor I: Dehradun‐Rishikesh 1 Dhalwala 18016 21309 29569 36035 41070 45590 49639 53243 56811 2 Raipur 32900 33092 49462 59725 67431 73812 79262 84239 89227 3 Natthanpur 13905 17445 24683 30886 35272 38769 41698 44346 46988 4 Natthuwa Wala 9206 17482 23883 33295 40059 45282 49489 53102 56514 5 Rishikesh Dehat 34775 41213 47869 67904 79649 87603 93296 98102 102591 6 Gumaniwala 6953 9690 13717 17775 20642 22886 24732 26366 27966 7 Pratitnagar 9564 15388 18852 22479 24958 27071 28934 30718 32577 8 Haripur Kalan 10367 13277 20664 28158 34024 38792 42740 46146 49312 9 Kharak Mafi‐ Rishikesh 8404 10734 13520 15780 17450 18911 20206 21448 22744 10 Jeevangarh 31224 35840 39090 42340 45590 48840 52090 55340 58590 11 Mehuwala Mafi 73804 114470 135493 156516 177539 198562 219585 240608 261631 12 Central Hope Town 16880 20421 59573 74908 90243 105578 120913 136248 151583

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 7 : SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION IN THE CORRIDOR

Spatial distribution is nothing but it is an arrangement of a phenomenon across the Earth's surface. The spatial aspects of population distribution and concentration involve two sets of facts i.e. people and space they occupy (Ranade, 1990). The term density of population was used by Henry in 1837, while preparing a railway map (Narke and Kore, 2010). Distribution and density of population are the two fundamental elements of population geography. The distribution and density are related to other features of thepopulation. The density of population is concerned with the ratio between the size of thepopulation and the area (Chandna, 2009). Population distribution on the earth surface is determined by physical factors alone, for within the broad framework of physical attraction and constraints, cultural factors strongly influence the way mankind is distributed over the earth (Hornby and Jones, 1980). In the stage of economic development, social and political factors also play their role as effectively as others in the distributions of thepopulation (Nazir, 1977). Physical, social, demographic, economic, political and historical factors affect population distribution. These factors operate not in isolation but combination with each other. One cannot, therefore, isolate the influence of any one factor on population distribution. Further, the interplay between these determinants is generally very complex (Clarke, 1972).Various factors which attribute to distributional patterns include physiography, amount of precipitation, theproductivity of soils, availability of ground water and availability of land, in fact, it would not be an exaggeration to say that two factors Viz. Relief and precipitation together have to attribute for the establishment of the pattern ofthe population (Rajankar, 1947).

The distribution patterns of thepopulation are in fact powerful expression of the synthesis of all geographic phenomena operating in an area (Chandna, 1969). The study of spatial aspects of population distribution and concentration is an important component of population geography because spatial distribution and concentration of populations across any region and their interconnectivity and accessibility from urban areas are important for distributing resources and economic development (Ranade, 1990).

The terms distribution and density may not be identical while referring to population concentration but are intimately related. The first point of differentiation between the two is that distribution is location concept density is a proportional one. In other words, population concentration is the ratio between the size of thepopulation and the area. While dealing with distribution the concern is more for the pattern of spread of thepopulation. Density on the other hand is also some kind of man‐land ratio and hence cannot be separated entirely from distribution (Roy, 2015).

7.1 Growth Corridor Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh

7.1.1 Natthanpur

According to the 2011 census, Natthanpur is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.23 Sq. Km. Natthanpur is home to 3221 households with a totalpopulation of 13,905. Since 2001, 133.3% growth in population has been observed in this town. Natthanpuris having very moderately populated in comparison of its density of 6235 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM people per Sq. kilometre in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Natthanpur is having about 0.40 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Table 13: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Natthanpur Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 1.26 0.97 2.23 Natthan Pur 2011 1.56 0.67 2.23 2019 1.83 0.40 2.23

Figure 10: ‐NatthanPur Growth Map 7.1.2 Raipur

According to the 2011 census, Raipur is a Census Town with the total area of about 14.59 Sq.Km. It is also the home to 7471 households with a total population of 32,900. Since 2001, 32% growth in population has been observed in this town. Raipur is very less populated in comparison of its density of 2255 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometre in the year 2011.

As per below table and attached growth map, Raipur is having about 1.96 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Table 14 Raipur Built‐up and non‐built‐up area

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 11.38 3.21 14.59 Raipur 2011 12.45 2.14 14.59 2019 12.63 1.96 14.59

Figure 11: Raipur growth Map 7.1.3 Nathhuwa Wala

According to the 2011 census, Natthuwa Wala is a Census Town with the total area of about 5.81 Sq.Km. It is also the home to 1903 households with a total population of 9,206. Since 2001, 82.19% growth in population has been observed in this town. Earlier Natthuwa Wala was a village, after 2001 due to the increase of population village has been upgraded to Census Town. Natthuwa Wala is very less populated in comparison of its density of 1585 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. km in the year 2011.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 12: Nathhuwa Wala Growth Map

Table 15: Nathhuwa Wala Built‐up and non‐built‐up area Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area S. No. Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 1.27 4.54 5.81 6 Nathhuwa Wala 2011 2.06 3.75 5.81 2019 3.02 2.79 5.81

As per table and attached growth map,Nathuwawala is having about 2.79 Sq.km area yet to develop.

7.1.4 Dhalwala

According to the 2011 census, Dhalwala is a Census Town with the total area of about 1.64 Sq.Km. It is also the home to 4173 households with a total population of 18,016. Since 2001, 57.43% growth in population has been observed in this town. Dhalwala is very densely populated in comparison of its density of 10985 per Sq.km.against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. km in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Dhalwala is having about 0.36 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 13: Dhalwala Growth Map

Table 16: Dhalwala Built‐up and non‐built‐up area Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 0.81 0.83 1.64 Dhalwala 2011 0.98 0.66 1.64 2019 1.28 0.36 1.64

7.1.5 Rishikesh Dehat Rishikesh Dehat is situated near Rishikesh city besides River Ganga. According to the 2011 census, Rishikesh Dehat is Census Town with the total area of about 7.75 Sq.Km. Since 2001, 20.82% growth in population has been observed in this town. Rishikesh Dehat is very less populated in comparison of its density of 4487 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. km in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Rishikesh Dehat is having about 2.73 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 14: Rishikesh Dehat Growth Map

Table 17: Rishikesh Dehat Built‐up and non‐built‐up area Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 4.39 3.36 7.75 Rishikesh Dehat 2011 4.73 3.02 7.75 2019 5.02 2.73 7.75 As per GO IV(3)/2017‐(01)2012 TC‐01 dated 06 November, 2017 the area of Rishikesh Dehat has been increased to 14 sqkms

7.1.6 Gumaniwala According to the 2011 census, Gumaniwala is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.7 Sq. Km. It is also the home to 1434 households with a total population of 6953. Since 2001, 27.25% growth in population has been observed in this town. Gumaniwala is very less populated in comparison to its density of 5038 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometre in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Gumaniwala is having about 1.90 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 15: Gumaniwala Growth Map

Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 0.38 2.32 2.7 Gumaniwala 2011 0.5 2.2 2.7 2019 0.8 1.9 2.7 Table 18: Gumaniwala Built‐up and non‐built‐up area

7.1.7 Kharakmafi According to the 2011 census, Kharak Mafi is a census Town with the total area of about 4.14 Sq. Km. It is also the home to 1699 households with a total population of 8404. Since 2001, 55.72% growth in population has been observed in this town. Kharak Mafi is very less populated in comparison to its density of 2030 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Kharakmafi is having about 1.31 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 16: Kharakmafi growth Map

Table 19: Kharakmafi Built‐up and non‐built‐up area Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 2.19 1.95 4.14 Kharakmafi 2011 2.25 1.89 4.14 2019 2.83 1.31 4.14

7.1.8 Pratitnagar Since 2001, 35.14 % growth in population has been observed in this town. Pratitnagar is very less populated in comparison to its density of 2592 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Pratitnagar is having about 2.30 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Table 20: Pratitnagar Built‐up and non‐built‐up area Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 0.52 3.98 4.50 Pratitnagar 2011 1.34 3.16 4.50 2019 2.20 2.30 4.50

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 17: Pratitnagar Growth Map

7.1.9 Haripur Kalan According to the 2011 census, Haripur Kalan is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.91 Sq. Km. It is also the home to 2328 households with the total population of 10,367. Since 2001, 119.6% growth in population has been observed in this town. Haripur Kalan is very less populated in comparison to its density of 3291 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011. As per below table and attached growth map, Haripur Kalan is having about 1.91 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 18: Haripur Kalan Growth Map

Table 21 Haripur Kalan Built‐up and non‐built‐up area Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 0.35 2.56 2.91 Haripur Kalan 2011 0.77 2.14 2.91 2019 1.00 1.91 2.91 7.1.10 Jeevangarh

According to the 2011 census, Jeevangarh is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.47 Sq. Km. Jeevangarh is home to 6255 households with a total population of 31224. Since 2001, 139.75% growth in population has been observed in this town. As per below table and attached growth map, Jeevangarh is having about 0.64 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Table 22: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Jeevangarh Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 1.26 1.21 2.47 Natthan Pur 2011 1.56 0.91 2.47 2019 1.83 0.64 2.47

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Figure 19: ‐Jeevangarh Growth Map 7.1.11 Mehuwala Mafi

According to the 2011 census, Mehuwala Mafi is a Census Town with the total area of about 47.24 Sq. Km. Mehuwala Mafi is home to 13428 households with a total population of 73804. Since 2001, 160.45% growth in population has been observed in this town. As per below table and attached growth map, Mehuwala Mafi is having about 4.33 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Table 23: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Mehuwala Mafi Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 22.35 24.89 47.24 Natthan Pur 2011 35.76 11.48 47.24 2018 42.90 4.33 47.24

Figure 20: ‐Mehuwala Mafi Growth Map

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

7.1.12 Central Hope Town

According to the 2011 census, Central Hope Town is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.13 Sq. Km. Central Hope Town is home to 3763 households with a total population of 16880. Since 2001, 217.44% growth in population has been observed in this town. As per below table and attached growth map, Central Hope Town is having about 0.16 Sq.km area yet to develop.

Table 24: Built‐up and non‐built‐up area: Central Hope Town Built Up Non Built‐Up Total Area Town Year (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) (Sq.Km.) 1991 N.A. N.A. N.A. 2001 1.35 0.78 2.13 Central Hope Town 2011 1.62 0.51 2.13 2018 1.97 0.16 2.13

Figure 21: ‐Central Hope Town Growth Map

7.2 Conclusion In the Regional Plan of corridors, the growth pattern of all the towns was mapped and observed.

In growth corridor 1 total area is 98.11 Sqkm wherein non builtup area is 20.79 Sqkm (21 %) mainly for residential purpose. The total population of corridor 1 is 265998 and the population density per Sqkm ranges between 1562 to 12641 and the average population density is 2705 per sqkm.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

CHAPTER 8 : ANALYSIS OF EXISTING WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM SERVICES AND THE CHALLENGES

8.1 EXISTING SCENARIO – WATER SUPPLY

In all the Peri‐urban towns, groundwater is the primary source of drinking water. Currently, residents have two strategic options to access ground water. One is applying for the supply from the UJS/UJN and the other option is attaining supply from the private tube well. Supply from private tube wells is expensive than getting supply from UJS/UJN. Therefore, most households prefer public supply over private tube‐wells.

Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh

In Corridor‐1 towns will follow the course of NH‐7 from Dehradun to Rishikesh and NH‐34 from Rishikesh to Haridwar.

There are two Rivers, River Ganga and River Yamuna currently draining Dehradun district. These two river basins are separated by a ridge which is ranging from Mussoorie to Dehradun. Easterly flowing rivers join River Ganga and Westerly Flowing Rivers join River Yamuna. River Ganga enters the Corridor close to Rishikesh, where River Chandrabhaga joins it. The song is the tributary of River Ganga and has its origin from Tehri District. These rivers are also limiting the outgrowth of the Corridor 1 Peri‐urban towns.

Water Quality:

The goals of water quality standards are to protect public health and environment and to maintain a standard of water quality consistence with its designated uses. The BIS 10500 specify that acceptable limits and the permissible limits in the absence of alternate sources. Drinking water is water intended for human consumption for drining and cooking purposes from any source. It includes (water (treated or untreated) supplied by any means of human consumption. Drinking water shall complies with the requirements mentioned in the BIS 10500 code including bacteriological requirements, virological requirements and biological requirements. Bacteriological requirements specify that all samples taken from the distribution system, including consumers’ premises should be free from coliform organism. Virological requirements specify that all samples taken from the distribution system, including consumers’ premises should be free from virus. Biological requirements specify that all samples taken from the distribution system, including consumers’ premises should be free from biological organism.

Primary survey of water quality of the all peri‐urban areas of corridor 1 revealed that the water quality is drinkable and all the parameters are meeting the standards of Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS‐ 10500). All the water quality parameters are compared with BIS Norms and presented in the table below.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

BIS Standards, 2012 Water Quality S.No. Parameter

Acceptable Permissible Raipur Dhalwala Jeevangarh

Limits limits Natthan Pur Rishikesh Dehat Nathhuwa Wala

1 pH 6.5 ‐ 8.5 No Relaxation 7.83 7.98 7.43 7.56 7.84 7.83 Total dissolved solids 2 500 2000 362 148 281 6.35 167 365 (TDS) mg/L 3 Turbidity, NTU 1 5 0.61 0.55 0.54 0.65 0.68 0.61 Total Alkalinity (as 4 200 600 160 160 165 165 162 160 Caco3),mg/L Total hardness (as 5 200 600 156 155.2 158.2 85.4 108.5 156 Caco3),mg/L 6 Fluoride, mg/L 1 1.5 ND 0.24 0.11 0.29 0.06 ND 7 Nitrate, mg/L 45 No Relaxation 3.3 0.9 2.2 5.9 0.6 3.3 8 Sulphate, mg/L 200 400 45 26 8 35 20 45 9 Calcium(asCa), mg/L 75 200 48.96 37.55 45.67 26.77 33.29 48.96 10 Iron (as fe), mg/L 0.3 No Relaxation ND ND ND 0.07 ND ND Magnesium(as Mg), 11 30 100 0.45 0.17 0.3 0.37 9.14 0.45 mg/L 12 Arsenic (as As), mg/L 0.01 0.05 ND ND ND ND ND ND 13 Colour, hazen units 5 15 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 14 Copper (as Cu),mg/L 0.05 1.5 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Total coli form’s per Absent 15 Should not be detected Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent 100 ml 16 Residual Chlorine mg/L 0.2 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Total Chromium (as 17 0.05 No Relaxation Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Cr)mg/L 18 Lead in mg/l 0.01 No Relaxation Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 19 Zinc in mg/l 5 15 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 20 Mercury in mg/l 0.001 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 21 Nickel (as NI), mg/L 0.02 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 22 Cyanide (as CN) 0.05 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Selenium (as SC) )( as 23 0.01 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil CN)

24 Cadmium (as Cd) 0.003 No Relaxation Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Ammonia (as Total 25 0.5 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Ammonia ), mg/L Table 25: Water Quality of Dhalwala, Raipur, Natthanpur, Natthanpur Rishikesh Dehat and Jeevanwala

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

BIS, 2012 Water Quality S.No. Acceptable Permissible Mafi wala hope

Parameter Pratit Kalan Town Nagar Kharak Central Haripur Mehuw Gumani Limits limits ala Mafi No 1 pH 6.5 ‐ 8.5 8.09 7.56 8.02 7.48 7.83 7.83 Relaxation Total dissolved 2 solids (TDS) 500 2000 245 381 121 137 365 363 mg/L 3 Turbidity,NTU 1 5 1.24 1.19 1.15 0.72 0.61 0.61 Total Alkalinity 4 200 600 178 168 165 148 161 163 (as Caco3),mg/L Total hardness 5 200 600 178.5 168 165 86.7 160 162 (as Caco3),mg/L 6 Flouride, mg/L 1 1.5 0.58 0.33 0.22 0.25 ND ND No 7 Nitrate, mg/L 45 1.1 1.1 0.6 0.7 1.1 1.2 Relaxation 8 Sulphate, mg/L 200 400 21 27 21 22 35 33 Calcium(asCa), 9 75 200 38.52 64.84 152.47 28.07 47.96 46.96 mg/L Iron (as fe), No ND ND 10 0.3 0.34 0.24 ND ND mg/L Relaxation (0.01) (0.3) Magnesium(as 11 30 100 11.1 17.06 17.39 46.5 0.43 0.43 Mg), mg/L Arsenic (as As), ND ND ND ND 12 0.01 0.05 ND ND mg/L (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) (0.01) 13 Colour hazen 5 15 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 <5 Copper (as 14 0.05 1.5 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Cu),mg/L Total coli form’s Absent 15 Should not be detected Absent Absent Absent Absent Absent per 100 ml Residual 16 0.2 1 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Chlorine mg/L Total Chromium No 17 0.05 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil (as Cr)mg/L Relaxation No 18 Lead in mg/l 0.01 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Relaxation 19 Zinc in mg/l 5 15 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 No 20 Mercury in mg/l 0.001 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Relaxation Nickel (as NI), No 21 0.02 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil mg/L Relaxation No 22 Cyanide (as CN) 0.05 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Relaxation Selenium (as SC) No 23 0.01 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil ( as CN) Relaxation No 24 Cadmium (as Cd) 0.003 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Relaxation Ammonia (as No 25 Total Ammonia), 0.5 Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil Relaxation mg/L Table 26: Water Quality of Gumaniwala, Pratitnagar, Haripur Kalan and Kharak Mafi, Central Hope Town, Mehuwala Mafi

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.1 Dhalwala

Dhalwala is situated 45 km away from Dehradun city central area and 6 km away from Rishikesh city. Dhalwala is a census town located in Narendra Nagar Block of Tehri Garhwal District along the border of Tehri Garhwal District and Dehradun District.

8.1.1.1 Existing water supply

Dhalwala Town meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water source with coverage of 80% of household. Currently, only 92 litres per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities. At present, there are 3 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing one OHT (Capacity 500KL) and direct pumping to the households. The source of drinking water supplied to the town, are three tube wells extracting 2.92 MLD. The supply of water is intermittent a day in the morning or evening. Town has total 2412 connections out of which, 2394 are domestic connections while it has 18 non‐domestic connections. The entire town has non‐metered connections.

8.1.1.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT)

Though there are two existing CWR and one OHTs serving the town, currently one OHT is being used for water supply. The two CWRs are not used for water storage. Details of the currently operating OHT are given below: Table 27: Existing OHT Details of Dhalwala town S.No. Capacity (KL) Condition 1 500 KL staging height 12 m Can not be Utilized

8.1.1.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 3 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below: Table 28: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Dhalwala town S. No. Tube‐well Location Designed Flow Rate Current Status 1. Rajeev Gram 1800 LPM Can be Utilized 2. Shiv Durga Mandir 1800 LPM Can be Utilized 3. Bagasari Mandir Kandisi Newas 1800 LPM Can be Utilized

8.1.1.4 Distribution system The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 15 mm to 200 mm diameters. The total length the existing distribution network is about 22.80 km. There is an inequitable distribution of water, supplied through different water sources. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in the existing distribution network are about 50%.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.1.5 Condition Assessment The existing OHT can not be utilized. The existing 7 year old pipelines can be used in this scheme. Some 15 year old PVC pipe and AC pipe in the existing network cannot be reused because the pipe line is in very bad condition. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost effective after including the cost of dismantling and relaying and the most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia. The pipes are laid in a different periods; these are very old and rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW.

8.1.1.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Demand Raised has been on a constant rise since 2016 and has nearly doubled in 2018, while revenue collection has increased though but not in the same ration with not as much as of revenue demand. The revenue collection is around 74%. The water supply lines cover 60% of the total town’s population. 15 The Demand Raised and collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Table 29: Revenue Details of Water Supply of Dhalwala Town (in INR) Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR) Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Per Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 6341005 12017547 12489305 10282619 6293627 7454005 9051521 7599718 73.91 Town has total 2412 connections out of which, 2394 are domestic connections while it has 18 non‐ domestic connections. The entire town has non‐metered connections.

8.1.2 Raipur

Raipur is situated 8 km away from the Dehradun city central area and 42 away from the Rishikesh city. Located at a distance of about 1.28 kilometers from the Song River, adjacent to its southern edge lies the town of Nathuwa Wala. According to the 2011 census, Raipur is a Census Town with the total area of about 14.59 Sq.Km. It is also the home to 7471 households with a total population of 32,900. Since 2001, 32% growth in population has been observed in this town. Raipur is very less populated in comparison of its density of 2255 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.2.1 Existing water supply Raipur Town meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water sources with coverage of 90% of household.There are only one OHT and 4 CWR available in Raipur, which are supplying water to the town. Two CWRs are in good condition and can be re‐utilised. Department needs to conduct a stability test during the preparation of DPR as they are about 15 years old. At present, 58 liters per capita per day is being supplied by the authorities. There are 5 Nos. of Tube‐ wells present in the town, supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Total 2586 connections out of which, 2508 are domestic connections, while it has 78 non‐domestic

15Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 82

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM connections. The revenue collection is around 21%behind; as the current percentage of recovery is approximately 79%.The entire town has non‐metered connections.

8.1.2.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There is only one OHT and 4 CWR available in Raipur, which are supplying water to the town. Details of OHT are given below:

Table 30: Existing OHT Details of Raipur Town S.No. T.W LOCATION CAPACITY (KL) CONDITION 1. Anandmay Ashram 1 100 KL CWR , Cannot be Utilized 2. Anandmay Ashram 2 1150 KL CWR , Can be Utilized 3. Bajhet Booster 50 KL CWR , Can be Utilized 4. Kesarwala Filter house 350 KL CWR , cannot be utilized 5. Oli 50 KL OHT 12 m Can not be Utilized *Two CWRs are in good condition and can be re‐utilise, department need to conduct stability test during preparation of DPR as they are about 15 years old.

8.1.2.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 5 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town and supplying water to the project town via Existing OHT or direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below: Table 31: Existing Tube‐Well Details for Raipur Town Tube‐well Location Designed Flow Rate Condition Maldevta 1500 LPM Can be utilized Raipur Pashu Chikitsalya 1000 LPM Can be utilized Sunderwala 1 1500 LPM Can be utilized Sunderwala 2 2000 LPM Can be utilized Kesharwala 500 LPM Can be utilized

8.1.2.4 Distribution system

The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm. to 300 mm. diameters. The total length of theexisting distribution network is about 10.38 km. The existing distribution is in use since the year 1980. There is an inequitable distribution of water supplied through different water sources. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in the existing distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the mornings and evenings.

8.1.2.5 Condition Assessment The existing OHT cannot be utilized as staging height is less than the required to achieve the pressure in the distribution system. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost‐effective after including the dismantling and replacement cost; most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia, these pipes lay in a different span of time which is very old, rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.2.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Demand Raised has been on a constant rise since 2016 and has reached nearly one and half times in 2018, while revenue collection has increased though with not as much vigour as of revenue demand. The revenue collection still is around 21% behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 79%. 16 The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Table 32: Revenue Details of Water Supply ofRaipur Town (in INR) Demand Raised(INR) Revenue Collection(INR) Average Revenue % 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collecte recovery Per Year d (Avg.) 9= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8/9*100 2043754 3878783 3009408 2977315 2030119 2354938 2,708,793 2364617 79.42 Total 2586 connections out of which, 2508 are domestic connections, while it has 78 non‐domestic connections.

8.1.3 Natthanpur Natthanpur is situated 7 km away from the Dehradun city central area and 40 km away from the Rishikesh city. It lies at the West of the Song River and also can access through NH‐72. According to the 2011 census, Natthanpur is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.23 Sq. Km. Natthanpur is home to 2204 households with a total population of 13,905. Since 2001, 133.3% growth in population has been observed in this town. Natthanpur is moderately populated in comparison of its density of 6235 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.3.1 Existing water supply Natthanpur Town area meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water sources with coverage of 80% of household. Only 98 liters per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities and after NWR enduser is getting about 34‐40 LPCD water supply. There are two OHTs and one CWR present in Natthanpur. The source of drinking water supplied to the town are 12 tube wells. The total length of the existing distribution network is about 30 km of different diameter and material. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water networks. Town has 6783 connections out of which, 6758 are domestic connections and rest 25 are non‐domestic connections.

8.1.3.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There are two OHTs and one CWR present in Natthanpur, which is supplying water to the town. Details of OHT are given below:

Table 33: Existing OHT details of Natthanpur town S. No. Location Capacity (KL) 1. 750 OHT KL 18 m staging height/ Jal Sansthan Raipur Division campus ring road can be utilized

16Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

2. 130 OHT 130 KL, 12 m Staging 6 no pulia Divisional store campus height/ can not be utilized 3. 6 no pulia Divisional store campus 350 CWR KL can not be utilized

8.1.3.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 10 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to end‐user. Details of Tube‐well are given below: Table 34: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Natthanpur town S. No. Designed Flow Tube well Location Condition Rate 1. Sidhi Vihar 300 LPM Cannot be Utilized 2. Ayaud Vihar 1500 LPM Can be Utilized 3. Shanti Kunj 1800 LPM Can be Utilized 4. Shanti Kunj 800 LPM Can be Utilized 5. Lower Natthanpur 400 LPM Can be Utilized 6. Vivekanand 250 LPM Cannot be Utilized 7. Upper Natthanpur 500 LPM Can be Utilized 8. Natthanpur Primary school 1500 LPM Can be Utilized 9. SGRR Nehru Branch 2000 LPM Can be Utilized 10. Rajeshwari Puram 300 LPM Cannot be Utilized 11 Natthanpur 6 No. Puliya 200 LPM Cannot be Utilized 12. Vivekanand 250 LPM Cannot be utilized

8.1.3.4 Distribution system The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. The total length ofthe existing distribution network is about 30 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water works. The distribution system is not working as per the designed system because the existing system is very old and inadequate for thepresent population. Also, the material of the existing system is mostly GI pipe and the pipes were laid without any hydraulic design and provided as & when required. Therefore it is required to replace all the existing line to meet the hydraulic design criteria. There is 0.745 Km existing distribution pipeline of material GI / DI / MSERW in the town which matches the design and was laid recently, is in a robust condition which can be utilized further. The line losses in existing distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.3.5 Condition Assessment

The existing OHT cannot be utilized as staging height is less than the required to achieve the pressure in thedistribution system. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost effective after including the dismantling and replacement cost; most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia. The pipes lay in different span of time which is very old and rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW. 8.1.3.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance

The Demand Raised has been on a constant rise since 2016 and has nearly doubled in 2018, while Revenue Collected has increased though with not as much vigour as of revenue demand. The Revenue

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Collected still is around 12 % behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 88%. 17 The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below. Table 35: Revenue details of water supply of Natthanpur town Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR) Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Per Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 5967218 8478149 8822747 7756038 5851072 6787243 7805330 6814548 87.86 Town has 6783 connections out of which, 6758 are domestic connections and rest 25 are non‐ domestic connections.

8.1.4 Natthuwa Wala Natthuwa Wala is situated 13 km away from the Dehradun city central area and 40 km away from the Rishikesh city. Located at a distance of about 1.28 kilometers from the Song River, adjacent to its southern edge lies the town of Natthuwa Wala. According to the 2011 census, Natthuwa Wala is a Census Town with the total area of about 5.81 Sq.Km. It is also the home to 1903 households with a total population of 9,206. Since 2001, 82.19% growth in population has been observed in this town. Earlier Natthuwa Wala was a village, after 2001 due to the increase of population village has been upgraded to Census Town. Natthuwa Wala is very less populated in comparison of its density of 1585 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.4.1 Existing water supply Natthuwa Wala Town area meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water sources with coverage of 90% of household. There are two OHT in Nathuawala. There are 6Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to end‐user. The total number of connections is 3940 out of which, 3916 are domestic connections and 24 are non‐ domestic connections. The Revenue Collected still is around 11 % present behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 89%.

8.1.4.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There are two OHT available in Natthuwa Wala, which is supplying water to the town. Details of OHT are given below:

Table 36: Existing OHT Details of Natthuwa Wala

S. No. Location Capacity (KL)

1. Nathuawala Dhang 800 OHT KL can be utilized 2. Gujrowali JE Office Campus 350 OHT KL can not be utilized

8.1.4.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 6 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to end user. Details of Tube‐well are given below:

17Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 86

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Table 37: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Natthuwa Wala

Designed Flow S. No. Tube‐well Location Recommendation Rate (LPM)

1 Subhashchand (Natthuwa Wala ‐ 3) 1000 LPM Can be utilized

2 Khadar (Natthuwa Wala ‐ 1) 1500 LPM Can be utilized 3 Khadar (Natthuwa Wala‐ 2) 1500 LPM Can be utilized 4 Shamshergarh 700 LPM Cannot be utilized 5 Gujrawali mini tubewell 600 LPM Cannot be utilized 6 Bhartu Chowk 1500 LPM Can be Utilized

8.1.4.4 Distribution system The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters and laid since the year 2000. Existing system rehabilitation has been done many times depends on the requirement and rehabilitation requirement. The total length of theexisting distribution network is about 51.08km.There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water works. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in theexisting distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.4.5 Condition Assessment The existing OHT can be utilized and depends on the DMA plan as staging height is lesser than required to achieve pressure in thedistribution system. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost effective after including dismantling and replacement cost; most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia. The pipes lay in different span of time which are very old and rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW.

8.1.4.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Demand Raised has been on a constant rise since 2016, while Revenue Collected has increased though with not as much vigour as of revenue demand. The Revenue Collected still is around 11 % present behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 89%.18 The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Table 38: Revenue details of water supply of Natthuwa Wala town Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR) Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Per Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 7976568 9027675 12463550 9822598 7494276 8693360 9997364 8728333 88.86

18Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 87

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

The total number of connections is 3940 out of which, 3916 are domestic connections and 24 are non‐ domestic connections.

8.1.5 Rishikesh Dehat Rishikesh Dehat is situated near Rishikesh city besides River Ganga. According to the 2011 census, Rishikesh Dehat is a Census Town with the total area of about 7.75 Sq.Km. It is also the home to 1755 households with a total population of 8033. Since 2001, 20.82% growth in population has been observed in this town. Rishikesh Dehat is very less populated in comparison of its density of 1037 per Sq.km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometre in the year 2011.

8.1.5.1 Existing water supply Rishikesh Dehat meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water source with coverage of 60% of households. There are three existing OHT, which is supplying water to the town. There are 8 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. The source of drinking water supplied to the town are 5 tube wells. These 8 existing tube wells are run daily to extract 4.79 MLD and achieving water supply to 73 LPCD. The total length of the existing distribution network is about 50.235 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different waterworks. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution of network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The supply of water is intermittent a day in the morning or evening. The Town has total 9064 connections out of which, 9048 are domestic connections while it has 8 non‐domestic connections and 8 connections are for building construction. The Revenue Collected still is around 25% present behind; as the current percentage of recovery is around 75%.The entire town has non‐metered connections.

8.1.5.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There are three existing OHT, which is supplying water to the town. Details of OHT are given below:

S.No. LocationofOHT Capacity (KL) Condition 1 Dehradun Road 200 KL staging height 15 m Working/ can not be utilized

2 Jalkal Office 650 KL staging height 15 m Working/ can not be utilized

3 Sal Vihar 800 KL staging height 15 m Working/ can not be utilized Table 39 Existing OHT details of Rishikesh Dehat town

Existing OHTs are in working condition but cannot be utilised as they are old and structure is not viable to reuse for further planning.

8.1.5.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 5 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below: S. No. Tube‐well Location Recommendation 1. Amit Gram can not be utilized /mini‐tube‐well 2. Bapu Gram can be utilized 3. Malviya Nagar can not be utilized /mini‐tube‐well 4. Meera Nagar can not be utilized /mini‐tube‐well 5. Mansa Devi can not be utilized /mini‐tube‐well

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Table 40: Existing Tube well details of Rishikesh Dehat town

8.1.5.4 Distribution System Existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. The total length ofthe existing distribution network is about 50.235 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water works. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in theexisting distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 2‐3 hours each in the mornings and evenings.19

8.1.5.5 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Revenue Collected still is around 25% behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 75%. 20 The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR) Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Per Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 12100553 23025082 23971109 19698915 12141152 14379659 17461457 14660756 74.42 Table 41: Revenue details ofthe water supply of Rishikesh Dehat town The Town has total 9064 connections out of which, 9048 are domestic connections while it has 8 non‐ domestic connections and 8 connections are for building construction.

8.1.6 Gumaniwala Gumaniwala is situated 2 km away from Rishikesh and 53 km away from the Dehradun city. According to the 2011 census, Gumaniwala is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.70Sq. Km. It is also the home to 1434 households with a total population of 6953. Since 2001, 27.25% growth in population has been observed in this town. Gumaniwala is very less populated in comparison to its density of 5038 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.6.1 Existing water supply Gumaniwala meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water sources with coverage of 80% of household. There is one existing OHT for the entire town. At present, there is only one Tube‐well existing in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. At present, only 70 liters per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities. The one existing tube wells are run for three hours daily to extract 0.96 MLD. The Town has total 1252 connections out of which, 1233 are domestic connections while it has 7non‐domestic connections and 12 connections are for building construction.

19Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun Region

20Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 89

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.6.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There is one existing OHT, which is supplying water to the town. Details of OHT are given below:

S.No. Capacity (Kl) Condition

1. 650 KL OHT 12 m Table 42: Existing OHT details of Gumaniwala town

8.1.6.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are is only one Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below:

S. No. Tube well Location Designed Flow Rate Recommendation

1. Agape Mission School 1500 LPM can be utilized Table 43: Existing tube well details of Gumaniwala town 8.1.6.4 Distribution system The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. The total length of theexisting distribution network is about 12.15 km (Details are attached with the report). There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water works. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in theexisting distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.6.5 Condition Assessment The existing OHT cannot be utilized as staging height is lesser than the requirement to achieve pressure in thedistribution system. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost effective after including the dismantling and replacement cost; most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia. Pipe Dia meter more than 100 mm can be utilized as per hydraulic modelling requirements. The pipes lay in different periods are very old and rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW.

8.1.6.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Revenue Collected still is around 34 % behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 66%. The water supply lines cover 80 present of the total town population. 21 The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR) Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Per Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 2348304 4442358 4577504 3789389 2205929 2478571 2816559 2500353 65.98

21Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 90

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Table 44: Revenue details of water supply of Gumaniwala town The Town has total 1252 connections out of which, 1233 are domestic connections while it has 7non‐ domestic connections and 12 connections are for building construction.

8.1.7 Pratitnagar

Pratitnagar was earlier a village, which was been upgraded to census town after the increase of population. The town is located 25 km on the south direction of the Dehradun city. The town is situated on the border of Dehradun district and Tehri Garhwal District. The town is surrounded by forest from the North and River Ganga from the South. Pratitnagar is also connected to the other major towns and cities through NH‐72.

It is also the home to 2095 households with a total population of 9564. Since 2001, 35.14 % growth in population has been observed in this town. Pratitnagar is very less populated in comparison to its density of 2592 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.7.1 Existing water supply

In Pratitnagar town 65% drinking water supply coverage to the households has been identified. The ground sources serve as de‐centralized local sources catering to small pockets of the population within their respective service areas. The water will be pumped to only OHT available in the town; further water will be supplied to the households through pipelines using gravity. Currently, 67 litres per capita per day is being supplied by the authorities. There are three existing OHT available in Pratitnagar, which is supplying water to the town. At present, there are 4 Nos. of Tube‐wells existed in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Presently, one infiltration is serving the Existing Pratitnagar OHT‐II. The source of drinking water supplied to the town is one surface source. The four existing tube wells are run daily to extract 1.08 MLD. The Town has a total 2184 connections out of which, 2155 are domestic connections and 29 are non‐domestic connections. The Revenue Collected still is around 16 % behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 84%.

8.1.7.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT)

There are three existing OHT available in Pratitnagar, which is supplying water to the town. The existing Pratitnagar OHT‐II and Khandgaon‐1 have been constructed in between 1970‐1972. The conditions of these OHT’s are not good and are not in serving condition. Therefore need to replace this OHT with new proposed OHT. However Existing Pratitnagar OHT‐II is in good condition and can be further used. Details of OHT are given below:

S. No. Location of OHT Capacity(KL) Condition

1 Pratitnagar OHT(I) 70 Working, can not be utilized as construction year is 1970 and has completed its technical age. 2 Pratitnagar OHT (II) 350 Working, can be utilized

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

3 Khandgaon‐1 50 Not working, can not be utilized as construction year is 1971and has completed its technical age. Table 45: Existing OHT details of Pratitnagar 8.1.7.3 Existing Tube‐Wells

At present, there is 1 No. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Presently, one infiltration is serving the Existing Pratitnagar OHT‐II. The existing pumps of infiltration well are also very old and almost serving from 15 years. There is a need to replace the pumps also to meet the water demand of the cluster. Detail of souce is listed in the table below:

Designed Flow S.No. Tube well Location Condition Rate Near existing infiltration well and 1. Railway line along the bank of Suswa 3500 LPM Can be Utilized River, Pratitnagar Table 46: Existing tube well details of Pratitnagar town 8.1.7.4 Distribution system

The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200mm diameter. The total length of theexisting distribution network is about 11.55 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water works. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution water network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in theexisting distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.7.5 Distribution Network

As mentioned earlier, the existing water supply system of the cluster is not functioning robustly. The distribution system is not working as per the actually designed system as the existing system is very old and inadequate. Also the material of the existing system is mostly PVC pipe and the pipes were laid without any Hydraulic design and provided as per the requirement, therefore to meet the Hydraulic design criteria it is required to replace all the existing lines.

8.1.7.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance

The Revenue Collected still is around 16 % behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 84%. The water supply lines cover 65% of the total town population. 22 The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR)

Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Per Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 2999212 5621321 5833608 4818047 3486153 3968756 4621111 4025340 83.55 Table 47: Revenue details of water supply of Pratitnagar town

22Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 92

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

The Town has a total 2184 connections out of which, 2155 are domestic connections and 29 are non‐ domestic connections.

8.1.8 Haripur Kalan

Haripur Kalan is situated 46 km away from the Dehradun city central area and 13 away from the Rishikesh city, Located beside Ganga River. According to the 2011 census, Haripur Kalan is a Census Town with the total area of about 2.91 Sq. Km. It is also the home to 2328 households with a total population of 10,367. Since 2001, 119.6% growth in population has been observed in this town. Haripur Kalan is very less populated in comparison to its density of 3291 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.8.1 Existing water supply

Haripur Kalan Town area meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water source with coverage of 85% of households. Only 77 litres per capita per day is being supplied by the authorities. There is only one OHT available in Haripur Kalan, which are supplying water to the town. There are 4 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. The source of drinking water supplied to the town are four tube wells. The four existing tube wells are running daily to extract 1.68 MLD. Out of total 1562 connections, 1536 are domestic connections and rests are non‐domestic connections. The Revenue Collected still is around 24% present behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 76%.

8.1.8.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT)

There is only one OHT available in Haripur Kalan supplying water to the town. Details of OHT are given below:

Table 48: Existing OHT Details of Haripur Kalan Town S.No. Location Capacity (Kl) Condition 1. Haripur Kalan 650 very old OHT ‐ 1990 8.1.8.3 Existing Tube‐Wells

At present, there are 4 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below:

S. No. Tube well Location Recommendation 1. Prem Vihar can not be utilized/ Mini tube well 2. Ganga Surajpur Colony can not be utilized/ Mini tube well 3. Anand Ashram can not be utilized/ Mini tube well 4. Panchayat Ghar can not be utilized/ Mini tube well Table 49: Existing tube well details of Haripur Kalan town 8.1.8.4 Distribution system

The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. The total length of theexisting distribution network is about 20.20 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water supplied through different water works. This is mainly due

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, old pipelines and in‐appropriate zoning system. The line losses in theexisting distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 2‐3 hours.

8.1.8.5 Condition Assessment

The existing OHT can't be utilized as it was constructed in theyear 2000. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost effective after including the cost of dismantling and relaying and the most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia. The pipes lay in different period these are very old and rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW.

8.1.8.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Revenue Collected still is around 24 % present behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 76%. The water supply lines cover 85% of the total town population23. The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below. Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR) Average Revenue % 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected recovery Per Year (Avg.) 9= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8/9*100 1300920 2797114 2928990 2342341.33 1014717.6 2181748.9 2167452.6 1787973 76.33

Table 50: Revenue details of water supply of Haripur Kalan town Total 1562 connections, 1536 are domestic connections and rests are non‐domestic connections.

8.1.9 Kharak Mafi

Kharak Mafi is situated 43 km away from the Dehradun city central area and 7 km away from the Rishikesh city, Located beside Ganga River. According to the 2011 census, Kharak Mafi is a Census Town with the total area of about 4.14 Sq. Km. It is also the home to 1699 households with a total population of 8404. Since 2001, 55.72% growth in population has been observed in this town. Kharak Mafi is very less populated in comparison to its density of 3291 per Sq. km against the state average of other census towns 7441 people per Sq. kilometer in the year 2011.

8.1.9.1 Existing water supply In Kharak Mafi town, drinking water supply coverage of 62% to the households has been identified.Currently, only 85liters per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities. The existing water supply system is having no zone. There is only one OHT available in Kharak Mafi, which are supplying water to the town. At present, there are 3 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. The three existing tube wells are run to extract 1.14 MLD. Town has total 2340 connections out of which, 2122 are domestic connections while it has 10 non domestic connections. The entire town has non metered connections. The Connections details of the town are presented in the table below.

23Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 94

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Connection details Area Total Non‐Domestic Building Construction Domestic Kharak Mafi 10 6 2106 2122 8.1.9.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There is only one OHT available in Kharak Mafi, which are supplying water to the town. The Table below contains the details of OHT

S.No. Location of OHT Capacity (KL) Condition

1 Kharakmafi 350 KL staging height 17 m Working‐ can be utilized Table 51: Existing OHT details of Kharak Mafi town 8.1.9.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 3 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Below Table listed with the Tube‐well details:

S. No. Tube well Location Condition 1. Chopra Farm Can be Utilized 2. GIC Khadari Can be Utilized 3. Panchyat Bhawan Can be Utilized Table 52: Existing tube well details of Kharak Mafi town

8.1.9.4 Distribution system The existing water supply system is having no zone. When thedistribution system is converted in to 4 zones then exiting distribution system may not be utilize. The existing distribution network is comprised of 2.5 km pipe having GI material, 8.3 km having PVC material and 0.05 km having MS‐ERW material.The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the morning and evening. 1. The existing MS‐ERW rising main at GIC khadri having 50 m length and 150 mm Diameter can be used. 2. The total length of GI pipe is 2.5 km. In which only 300 m pipe length can be used and remaining pipe 2200 m cannot be used because :  The pipe is very old, it will cause more frictional head loss if used in thefuture water supply system.  GI pipe having Dia. 50 mm is undersized as per thedesign criteria for pipe selection finalised by TAC.  There are many holes in the entire length of pipe line due to water connections to consumers and shifting of water connections. Also there are many repair patches due to which the pipeline cannot be used for thedesign period. 3. Thetotal length of PVC pipe is 8.3 km. which is not usable because design criteria do not permit.

8.1.9.5 Condition Assessment The existing OHT may be utilized as staging height which is lesser than the requirement to achieve pressure in the distribution system. The G.I. & PVC pipes of different size in the existing distribution network cannot be reused because it will not be cost effective after including dismantling and replacement cost; most Pipelines are smaller than 65mm dia. The pipes lay in different span of time are very old and rusted and may be the major cause to increase the NRW.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.9.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance The Revenue Collected still is around 24 % behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 76%. The water supply lines cover 62 present of the total town population. 24The Demand Raisedand collections of the town are presented in the table below. Demand Raised (INR) Revenue Collection (INR)

Average Revenue % recovery 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Demand Per 2016‐17 2017‐18 2018‐19 Collected Year (Avg.) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9= 8/9*100 1731021 3265757 3384038 2793605.33 1950636 2000838 2399501 2116991.7 75.78 Table 53: Revenue details of water supply of Kharak Mafi town Town has total 2340 connections out of which, 2122 are domestic connections while it has 10 non domestic connections.

8.1.10 Central Hope Town

Central Hope Town is peri‐urban area in Sahaspur block in Dehradun district of uttrakhand state, India. It is located 18 KM towards west from district headquaters Dehradun. Atak farm, Dhoolkot mafi, Shankar pur, Laxmipur, Jhajra are the nearby villages to Central Hope Town. Central Hope town is surrounded by Vikasnagar block towards North, Dehradun block towards East, Mussoorie block towards east, Raipur block towards east.

8.1.10.1 Existing water supply Central Hope Town area meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water source with coverage of 60% of household. At present, there are 3 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to existing OHTs and directly pumping to the households. There are 3 existing OHTs serving the town. Currently, only 52 litres per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities. The source of drinking water supplied to the town are three tube wells which are running to extract 1.36 MLD.

8.1.10.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There are three existing OHTs serving the town. Details of the currently operating OHTs are given below:

S.No. Capacity (KL) Condition

1 200 KL staging height 18 m Can not be utilized

2 110 KL staging height 15 m Can not be utilized

3 300 KL staging height 18 m Can not be utilized Table 54: Existing OHT Details of Central Hope Town 8.1.10.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 3 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below:

24Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun 96

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

S. No. Tube well Location Flow Rate Condition 1. Selaqui 1700 LPM Can be utilized 2. Jamanpur 700 LPM Can be utilized Tehri Colony (Mini Can not be utilized 3. 500 LPM tubewell) Table 55: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Central Hope Town 8.1.10.4 Distribution system

The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. The total length of existing distribution network is about 11.55 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, and old pipelines. The line losses in existing distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 1.50 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.10.5 Condition Assessment Comprising of mostly PVC & GI pipe 200 mm to 32 mm dia, out of which only 100 mm & 80 mm dia GI pipe can be reused and rest pipe is of no use for the proposed water supply scheme. The existing OHT was constructed in between 2011‐2012. The capacities of these OHT's are not sufficient for catering future demand with required terminal pressure.

8.1.10.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance Town has total 1209 connections out of which, 1079 are domestic connections while it has 130 non domestic connections along with 5 nos. of stand post. The entire town has non metered connections. The Connections details of the town are presented in the table below.

Connection details Total Town Non‐Domestic Building Construction Domestic Central Hope Town 130 0 1079 1209 Table 56: Water Connection details of Central Hope Town The revenue demand has been on constant rise since 2016, while revenue collection has decreased. The revenue collection still is around 14% percent behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 86%.25 The revenue demand and collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Revenue Demand in Rs Revenue collection in Rs in Rs. (Avg.) Revenue Total Bill generation % recovery raised (avg.) 2017‐18 2018‐19 2019‐20 2017‐18 2018‐19 2019‐20

1975921 1981533 2353279 1706072 1959094 1789900 2103578 1818355 86.44

Table 57: Revenue details of water supply of Central Hope Town

25Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun and ACEPL /SGI 97

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.11 Jeevangarh

Jeevangarh is a peri‐urban area of Vikas Nagar Block in Dehradun District of Uttarakhand State, India. It is located 32 KM towards west from District headquarters Dehradun. Jeevangarh is surrounded by Kalsi & Dumet towards North, Fatehpur & Anfield grant towards west, Bulakiwala & Kedarawala towards East and Lakhanwala Khash towards South. 8.1.11.1 Existing water supply Jeevangarh area meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water source with coverage of 70% of household. At present, there are 13 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to existing OHTs and directly pumping to the households. There are 5 existing OHTs serving the town. Currently, only 90 litres per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities.

8.1.11.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There are five existing OHTs serving the town. Details of the currently operating OHTs are given below:

S.No. Capacity (KL) Condition

1 600 KL staging height 18 m Can be utilized

2 60 KL staging height 10.5 m Can not be utilized

3 35 KL staging height 18 m Can not be utilized

4 500 KL staging height 14 m Can be utilized

5 70 KL staging height 10 m Can not be utilized Table 58: Existing OHT Details of Jeevangarh Town 8.1.11.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 13 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below:

S. No. Tube well Location Flow Rate Condition 1. Jamankhata 800 LPM Working/ Can be utilized 2. Luxmipur 250 LPM Working/ cannot be utilized 3. Prithvipur 1000 LPM Working/ Can be utilized 4 Gokulwala 500 LPM Working/ cannot be utilized 5 Bahahdurgarh 500 LPM Working/ cannot be utilized 6 Bhojawala 1000 LPM Working/ Can be utilized 7 Goshala 500 LPM Working/ Can be utilized Boksha basti Danda Working/ cannot be utilized 8 500 LPM jungle 9 Jeevangarh 500 LPM Working/ cannot be utilized 10 Shivpuri 500 LPM Working/ cannot be utilized 11 Keshavmadhav puram 1200 LPM Working/ Can be utilized 12 Line Jivengrah 500 LPM Working/ cannot be utilized 13 Dandi basti 500LPM Working/ cannot be utilized Table 59: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Jeevangarh Town

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.11.4 Distribution system

The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, and old pipelines. The line losses in existing distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 2 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.11.5 Condition Assessment Comprising of mostly PVC & GI pipe 200 mm to 32 mm dia, out of which only 100 mm & 80 mm dia GI pipe can be reused and rest pipe is of no use for the proposed water supply scheme. Three out of five existing OHT has very low storage capacity (<100 KL), which cannot be utilized. Only, two OHT can be utilized which can be checked in hydraulic modeling.

8.1.11.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance Town has total 4446 connections out of which, 4396 are domestic connections while it has 50 non domestic connections. The entire town has non metered connections. The Connections details of the town are presented in the table below.

Connection details Total Town Non‐Domestic Building Construction Domestic Jeevangarh 50 0 4396 4446 Table 60: Water Connection details of Jeevangarh The revenue demand has been on constant rise since 2016, while revenue collection has increased. The revenue collection is same as demand.26 The revenue demand and collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Revenue Demand in Rs Revenue collection in Rs in Rs. (Avg.) Revenue Total Bill generation % recovery raised (avg.) 2017‐18 2018‐19 2019‐20 2017‐18 2018‐19 2019‐20

1011529 11236914 13408125 9706349 12083970 13313007 11586778 11701109 100.99

Table 61: Revenue details of water supply of Jeevangarh

8.1.12 Mehuwala Mafi

Mehuwala mafi is a peri‐urban area which is located in Tehsil Dehradun of district Dehradun. The project area is approachable by road and falls on Delhi‐Dehradun National highway. Mehuwala mafi cluster is located adjoining to Dehradun town, nearest rail head this is also the end‐route hilly region of Dehradun as well as the foot hill town.

26Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun and ACEPL /SGI 99

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

8.1.12.1 Existing water supply Mehuwala mafi area meets its domestic and commercial water requirements from ground water sources with coverage of 73% of household. At present, there are 11 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to existing OHTs and directly pumping to the households. There are 10 existing OHTs serving the town. Currently, only 53 litres per capita per day is been supplied by the authorities.

8.1.12.2 Existing Overhead Tank (OHT) There are ten existing OHTs serving the town. Details of the currently operating OHTs are given below:

S.No. Capacity (KL) Condition

1 650 KL Can be utilized

2 650 KL Can be utilized

3 200 KL Can not be utilized

4 450 KL Not Working/ Can not be utilized

5 150 KL Can not be utilized

6 150 KL Can not be utilized

7 750 KL Can be utilized

8 60 KL Can not be utilized

9 60 KL Can not be utilized

10 60 KL Can not be utilized Table 62: Existing OHT Details of Mehuwala mafi Town 8.1.12.3 Existing Tube‐Wells At present, there are 11 Nos. of Tube‐wells present in the town supplying water to Existing OHT and direct pumping to the households. Details of Tube‐well are listed in the table below:

S. No. Tube well Location Flow Rate Condition 1. Mehuwala 400 LPM Working/Can utilized 2. Sewlakalan 1800 LPM Working/Can utilized 3. Tailpura chowk 1000 LPM Working/Cannot be utilized 4 Harbanshwala 800 LPM Working/Can utilized 5 Arcadia‐I 800 LPM Working/Cannot be utilized 6 Arcadia‐II 1000 LPM Working/Cannot be utilized 7 Arcadia‐47 DD 1000 LPM Working/Can utilized 8 Smith nagar 1600 LPM Working/Can utilized 9 Ambiwala 400 LPM Working/Can utilized 10 Badowala 400 LPM Working/Can utilized 11 Sewli 350 LPM Working/Can utilized Table 63: Existing Tube‐Well Details of Mehuwala mafi Town

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8.1.12.4 Distribution system

The existing distribution network comprises of PVC, GI, MS and CI pipelines ranging from 50 mm to 200 mm diameters. Total length of existing pipe line network is about 22.88 km. There is an inequitable distribution of treated water. This is mainly due to leakage, inadequate distribution network capacity, and old pipelines. The line losses in existing distribution network are about 50%. The supply of water is intermittent ‐ twice a day for durations of 2 hours each in the morning and evening.

8.1.12.5 Condition Assessment Comprising of mostly PVC & GI pipe 200 mm to 32 mm dia, out of which only 100 mm & 80 mm dia GI pipe can be reused and rest pipe is of no use for the proposed water supply scheme.

8.1.12.6 Water Supply Operation & Maintenance Town has total 9496 connections out of which, 9450 are domestic connections while it has 46 non domestic connections. The entire town has non metered connections.

The revenue demand has been on constant rise since 2016, while revenue collection has decreased. The revenue collection still is around 27% percent behind, as the current percentage of recovery is around 73%.27 The revenue demand and collections of the town are presented in the table below.

Revenue Demand in Rs Revenue collection in Rs in Rs. (Avg.) Revenue Total Bill generation % recovery raised (avg.) 2017‐18 2018‐19 2019‐20 2017‐18 2018‐19 2019‐20

27211834 35500543 48263203 25717277 32657853 23115452 36991860 27163527 73.43

Table 64: Revenue details of water supply of Mehuwala mafi

8.1.12.7 SWOC

 Availability of potableground water Strength  Uniform water level during all seasons  People have payment culture for service delivery  Water Table depleting every year  NRW is high Weakness  Non metered water connections  Inappropriate and inadequate distribution network  Opportunity to propose OHT and TW due to availability of ground water (for short Opportunity duration solution)  Opportunity for rain water harvesting structure due to adequate rainfall.  Because of thehilly region, Construction Cost and O & M cost is High Challenge  Laying of Feeder main from proposed Song Dam  Rehabilitation of existing distribution system

27Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan, Dehradun and ACEPL /SGI 101

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Overall SWOC Analysis Based upon the context & analysis and also inferences from the Task‐1 & Task‐2, an overall SWOC analysis has been carried out and the observations are as follows:

Water Supply Conclusions Analysis of the existing water supply system and its infrastructure has been explained in this document along with the sanitation and solid waste management of the peri‐urban towns along the corridor. Although the majority of the towns are located nearby to the rivers, all the towns are completely dependent on the subsurface water sources like tube wells for water supply. Other than the river sources there are no other surface water sources available in the project area. Due to which extreme pressure on the groundwater levels has been observed in these towns, especially during the summer season. Groundwater is pumped out through tube wells and is collected into Over Head Tanks (OHT or ESR); later the water is supplied to the households after adding chlorine to the water through pipes. The existing water supply infrastructure available in the towns is briefed in the table below. Table 65: Existing Water Supply Infrastructure Water Supply (MLD) Location Name of Towns OHT Tube Wells Coverage (%) LPCD Dhalwala 1 3 60 92 2.92 Raipur 5 5 76 58 3.84 Natthanpur 2 12 80 98 2.45 Natthuwa Wala 2 6 75 66 1.92 Rishikesh Dehat 3 5 60 73 4.79 Gumaniwala 1 1 80 70 0.96 Corridor 1 Pratitnagar 3 1 65 67 1.08 Haripur Kalan 1 4 85 77 1.68 Kharak Mafi 1 3 62 85 1.14 Central Hope Town 3 3 60 52 1.36 Jeevangarh 5 13 70 90 3.16 Mehuwala Mafi 10 11 73 53 6.07 Total Number 37 67 70 73 31.37 8.1.13 Conclusion There are total 37 Over Head Tanks and 67 Tube Wells are existing in the corridor 1 with the production capacity of 31.37 MLD.

 The groundwater table has decreased from 2‐4 m over the last decade due to an increase in water demand with increasing population.  Present water supply is only for 2 to 4 hrs. Per day.  Inadequate coverage of distribution network.  Per Capita supply of water varies between 50 to 90 LPCD (From private as well as public water supply system)  NRW is 35‐40 %.

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8.2 EXISTING SCENARIO – SANITATION &SLWM

8.2.1 Brief Profile of Sanitation

Most of the households (about 95%) in this corridor have their individual toilets with septic tank. About 5% of households do not have individual toilet arrangements and therefore depend upon community toilets. As per secondary information, there are rare incidences of open defecation in the town.

As per survey there is total 31.37 MLD water supply in corridor 1 for all peri‐urban areas and Sewage generation has been calculated based on 80 % of total water supply which comes to 25.10 MLD.

8.2.1.1 Summary : Liquid Waste Management

Sanitation and Liquid Waste Management  No Sewage network present in corridor.  Greywater is diverted into natural drains and rivers or vacant lands.  Usage of septic tanks and soak pit in individual households with no safe disposal.

8.2.2 Brief Profile of Solid Waste Management (SWM)

To assess the existing system of municipal solid waste management and for modernizing the solid waste management system in the city in terms of MSW Rules2000, we undertook consultation with stakeholders which included supervisory staff dealing with solid waste management and officials of Nagar Nigam. Discussions with stakeholders were necessary to understand their perceptions and the difficulties encountered by them in managing municipal solid waste in the city.

All aspects of solid waste management were discussed in details and their observations noted. Theplanning of solid waste management aims to bring in an integrated approach to Municipal Solid Management, which can deliver both environmental and economic sustainability. It is clear that no single method of waste disposal can deal with all materials of waste in an environmentally sustainable way. Ideally, a range of management options is required. The use of each of these options will depend on collection and segregation at source, mechanical segregation with the utilization of waste on its quality which would also include land filling along with leachate management.

Thus to achieve the aim, while keeping with the environmental concerns and objectives, it is proposed not to focus on and compare each of the individual options but to synthesize waste management systems that can deal with the whole stream, and then compare their overall performance in environmental and economic terms. This integrated approach, thus, looks at the overall waste management system and develops ways of assessing overall environmental impacts and economic costs.

S. No. Description Identified Location 1 Corridor no 1 Sheesham Bara, Dehradun 2 Corridor no 1 Muni ki Reti 3 Corridor no 1 and 2 Sarai Village, Haridwar

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Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh

Dhalwala has some provision for solid waste management. Waste is collected and sent to Munni Ki Reti for treatment. There are also instances of illegal dumping to avoid dumping costs. Uttarakhand is a hilly state which consists of 90 urban local bodies, facing the problem of Solid Waste Management.

There are only two solid waste plants in the Corridor 1. Solid Waste Management process in decentralised method has recently been started at Nathuawala ward in Dehradun. The solid waste processing area has been named “Sanitation Park”. The researchers have found that the waste is disposed systematically in a scientific manner in this area, as per Solid Waste Rules 2016.

The responsibility of street sweeping and solid waste management in Natthanpur has been given to private contractors. 98% of waste is being collected from households. 3% of the total waste is burned and the rest is transported and dumped at Dehradun waste disposal site. Rs. 50‐100 is collected per month from each household for solid waste collection. In Raipur, about 70% of the total households are covered in solid waste management. Of the total waste collected 70% is transported to Dehradun dumping area, 25% is dumped at a landfill site and about 5% is burned. Rs.100‐120 per month is collected from each household for the services provided. About 90% of the households are covered in waste collection. Tata Ace or Chhota Hathi is used to collect the waste. The frequency of the waste collection is 3 times a week. Instances of illegal dumping are also found here. Rs.70 per month is the collection charges from each household and about 90% of the total cost is recovered.

As per survey there is total 138.16 Tons/Day waste generated in corridor 1 with 10 municipal bins and 24 vehicles.

The following sites have been earmarked for setting up‐treatment plants and landfill. Within the treatment plant, the PPPpartner may explore plastic recycle plant, RDF plant, plastic reusesystem etc. as per approval of Municipal Corporation Dehradun.

S. No. Description Location 1 Compost Plant Refused Derived Fuel (RDF) Plant 2 Inert Processing Plant Shishambara 3 Engineered Land Fill &Composting Plant 4 Sanitation park at Nathuwawala Nathuwawala

The site is 20Kms from Ghanta Ghar, Dehradun, having metal roadconnectivity. The site is being notified as No Development Zone Area up to 500 Mtrs periphery.

Location for landfill site is shown in below drawing.

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Sarai Haridwar landfill site is shared with Corridor no 2 also.

8.2.2.1 Summary : Solid Waste Management

It has been estimated that about 138.16 Ton waste is generated in corridor 1. There is no proper waste collection system in 9 peri‐urban areas of growth corridor 1. Three peri‐urban areas namely Nathuwawala, Natthanpur and Raipur are having collection and disposal system.

 No facility of Solid Waste Management in Corridor 1.  The practice of illegal dumping on the roadside and empty plots in corridor 1.  Solid waste management is being done privately in some parts of Corridor1.

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CHAPTER 9 : DESIGN CRITERIA FOR WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM

The objective of public Water Suppply System is to supply safe and clean water in prescribed quality and adequate quantity, conveniently and as economically as possible on sustainable basis. Engineering decisions are required to specify the area and population to be served, the design period, Service Level Benchmarks for Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM, the nature and location of facilities to be provided.

9.1 PLANNING HORIZON:

The design period for each peri‐urban area will be 30 years. Taking base year as 2023, the master plan is proposed to design for 2053. Population forcast will be made for 2053 with interpolation for mid year 2038 and five year interval. 9.2 POPULATION PROJECTION METHOD:

Below are some of the essential growth parameters necessary to study the growth pattern of towns. Some of these factors have not been taken into account due to non‐availability of data. Table 66: Factors Influencing Growth S. No. Spatial Factors Non Spatial Factors 1 Accessibility to the Area (Road, Rail, Air) Demographic Factors (Growth rate & Density) 2 Land Cover / Land use of Town and surrounding Area Economic Factors 3 Physical and Social Infrastructure Social Factors 4 Land Elevation Political factors 5 Government Schemes and Proposals Local Weather/Pollution 6 Proximity to Major cities and towns Land Value and Ownership

Population projections are required to determin water supply, sanitation and SLWM requirements. The population projections presented herein combine residential, non‐residential, institutional and floating popuation to develop total population. This population forms the basis for developing existing and future water demand, sanitation and SLWM requirements. Three methods: i) Cohort survival method – district migration rate, ii) Cohort component method – economy and iii) Cohort survival method ‐ normal migration rate have been used. 9.3 WATER AND WASTEWATER DESIGN CRITERIA: Water supply provision is kept at 135 liter per capita per day (lpcd) as per the Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization (CPHEEO) norm for demand estimations and 80 percent of this is taken as the wastewater flow, following CPHEEO planning norms. The basis for projecting water demand has been calculated taking into account demand of all type of consumers NRW (15 %) and fire demand based on population projection calculted. The CPHEEO manual specifies that in case water demand of major industries/institution is substantial the same shall be taken separately.

It is also anticipated that the Periurban towns may become statuary towns in near future.

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9.3.1 Design Period for Different Elementary Water Supply System:

The CPHEEO manual on water supply recommendeds that piped water supplied should be designed. The detailed project report for improvement of water supply system will be designed for 30 years considering 2023 as base year. The intermediate year and ultimate year considered for improvement of water supply system are 2038 and 2053 respectively. The design period considered for various components of water supply system are as follows:

S. No Components Design period 1. Tube wells 15 years 2. Pumping Machineries/electro‐mechanical works 15 years 3. Civil structures for Pump house 30 years 4. Service Reservoirs (Over Head / Ground Level) 15 years 5. Distribution Pipe Network 30 years 6. Pumping mains/ Rising Mains 30 years 7. Water Treatment Facility (Chlorine dosing system) 15 years

It has been observed that there is no proper distribution system in peri‐urban areas. There are no defined DMAs of distribution. Water is supplied from each tube well directly into the distribution system and then to consumers. In the proposed system, there will be zonal distribution, each zone being fed by an independent OHSR. It would therefore require designing of zonal distribution for each zone. This detailed distribution network analysis is proposed to be undertaken during preparation of DPR. However, attempt shall be made to utilize all the existing distribution lines.

9.4 TERMINAL PRESSURE REQUIREMENT:

The CPHEEO manual on water supply recommendeds that piped water supplied should be designed on continuous 24 hours basis to distribute water to consumers at adequate pressure at all points. In the all 3 corridor, the terminal pressure is specified as 12 meters. 9.5 Storage requirement:

It is proposed to provide Over Head Storage reservoir (OHSR) or Ground Level Reservoir in each peri‐urban area to provide adequate storage to meet with the fluctuation in water consumption during different periods of the day. The capacity of the reservoir will depend upon the pattern of drawl of water by the consumers and their habits. As water supply is proposed to be made continuous 24X7, these tanks will act as balancing reservoirs. In the first phase it is proposed to use these reservoirs as storage reservoirs i.e. fill and draw type. However, once the 24X7 system stabilizes and people get assured of continuous water supply, it would be possible to go for these reservoirs on balancing pattern in the second phase. The requirement of storage is worked out below. The OHSRs shall be designed to achieve a terminal head of 12 meters could be obtained. CPHEEO manual on water supply provides a typical pattern of such a water drawl. As an empirical formula capacity of OHSR of a peri‐urban areas has been worked out and calculated below. Corridor 1: 0.349 of total requirement

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9.6 SEPTAGE MANAGEMENT: In light of the NUSP and advisory on septage (MoUD, 2012), the HPEC trajectories and possible initiatives during the 12th plan, it is assumed that cities would create septage treatment facilities to manage the treatment of septage from toilets connected to septic tanks.

The all Peri‐urban towns are not having proper sewerage collection system and adopted sanitation technologies. It is assumed to have sanitation technology (15 year from base year) and converting it into a sewerage system as per fund availability with Govt.

The Septage quantification 0.27 kg/capita/day has been considered. 9.7 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT:

As per the suggestion, Census 2018 population has been taken into account for design purpose. The projected population for 2053 has been used in planning the collection and transportation equipment and the compost plant. The plan, however, proposes phased land‐fill and composting site design to accommodate the increase in MSW considering the changes in population with time. Waste is quantified by observing the waste flow into the dumpsite over a period of time. As per NCRPB guidelines the estimated solid waste generated in small, medium and large cities and towns is about 0.1 kg, 0.3‐0.4 kg and 0.5 kg per capita per day respectively28. The City Dvelopment Plan of Dehradun has estimated solid waste generation @0.36 kg per capita/day. The waste quantification 0.36 (kg/capita/day) has been considered.

9.8 Cost estimate:

The cost estimate period for each peri‐urban area will be 30 years, taking base year as 2023. Block cost estimate based on UJS/UJN documents, MoUD, Govt India Norms, CPHEEO manual and other DPRs prepared for the relevant sectors. For the block cost estimate consultant has adopted two methods: 1. Data taken from Govt of Uttrakhand has adopted new improved water policy for peri urban areas of the State in 2019. And total cost calculated based on the population

9.9 SUMMARY:

 For the population projection three methods: i) Cohort survival method – district migration rate, ii) Cohort component method – economy and iii) Cohort survival method ‐ normal migration rate have been used.  Water demand has been calculated based on 135 LPCD. The basis for projecting water demand has been calculated taking into account demand of all type of consumers, NRW (15 %) and fire demand as per CPHEEO manual.  Sewerage genetaion is based on 80 % of water supply quantity.  Terminal Pressure at consumer end has been considered as minimum 12 m.

28 http://ncrpb.nic.in/NCRBP%20ADB‐TA%207055/solid‐Waste‐Management‐System/Demand‐Estimation.html#Define Master Plan Toolkit from NCRPB 325.29 grams + 10 extra = 357.819 says 360 g /Capita/Day (Considered for Gaziabad Master Plan) 109

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 The Septage quantification 0.27 kg/capita/day has been considered.  The waste quantification 0.36 per capita (kg/capita/day) has been considered.  Cost estimate considered for short term (year 2038) and long term plan (year 2053)

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CHAPTER 10 : SERVICE LEVEL DEFICIENCY AND AGGREGATE SHORTFALL/ SURPLUS

10.1 Gap Analysis – Water Supply

Gap analysis for water supply, sanitation and SLWM has been worked out based on the existing services and future demand of additional population during the planning horizon. The projected average demand and gap analysis in five year increments has been worked based on adopted design criteria. The short term period has been considered as year 2038 and long term period as year 2053The service level deficiency has been worked out for each peri‐urban area proposed under corridor. The peri‐urban area wise detailed analysis is depicted below:

10.1.1 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh

Water demand is based on population projection, per capita water demand, non‐revenue water demand and fire demand. Current existing water supply availability has been considered for service level deficiency related to water supply.

10.1.1.1 Dhalwala

Table 67: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Dhalwala Town Water Fire Demand Supply in Demand YEAR Population demand demand NRW (L) Total (L) Supply MLD MLD (L) (L) Gap MLD 2018 21309 2.92 2876715 510 431507 3308732 3.31 0.39 2023 29569 2.92 3991815 549 598772 4591137 4.59 1.68 2028 36035 2.92 4864725 580 729709 5595013 5.60 2.68 2033 41070 2.92 5544450 605 831668 6376723 6.38 3.46 2038 45590 2.92 6154650 626 923198 7078473 7.08 4.16 2043 49639 2.92 6701265 644 1005190 7707098 7.71 4.79 2048 53243 2.92 7187805 660 1078171 8266635 8.27 5.35 2053 56811 2.92 7669485 676 1150423 8820584 8.82 5.90

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 0.39 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 4.16 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 5.90 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 3.31 500 2.92 1189 689 280 2023 4.59 500 2.92 1650 1150 1170 2028 5.60 500 2.92 2011 1511 1870 2033 6.38 500 2.92 2292 1792 2410 2038 7.08 500 2.92 2544 2044 2900 2043 7.71 500 2.92 2770 2270 3330 2048 8.27 500 2.92 2971 2471 3720 2053 8.82 500 2.92 3170 2670 4110 The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well. 111

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Map 1: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Dhalwala Town

10.1.1.2 Raipur Table 68: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Raipur Town Demand Supply Water Demand Supply YEAR Population in demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) MLD Gap MLD (L) MLD 2018 33092 3.84 4467420 699 670113 5138232 5.14 1.30 2023 49462 3.84 6677370 763 1001606 7679739 7.68 3.84 2028 59725 3.84 8062875 806 1209431 9273112 9.27 5.43 2033 67431 3.84 9103185 837 1365478 10469499 10.47 6.63 2038 73812 3.84 9964620 860 1494693 11460173 11.46 7.62 2043 79262 3.84 10700370 880 1605056 12306305 12.31 8.47 2048 84239 3.84 11372265 898 1705840 13079002 13.08 9.24 2053 89227 3.84 12045645 914 1806847 13853406 13.85 10.01 It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 1.30 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 7.62 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 10.01 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

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Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 5.14 1550 3.84 1847 347 910 2023 7.68 1550 3.84 2760 1260 2670 2028 9.27 1550 3.84 3333 1833 3780 2033 10.47 1550 3.84 3762 2262 4610 2038 11.46 1550 3.84 4118 2618 5300 2043 12.31 1550 3.84 4423 2923 5880 2048 13.08 1550 3.84 4700 3200 6420 2053 13.85 1550 3.84 4979 3479 6960

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

Map 2: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Raipur Town

10.1.1.3 Natthanpur

Table 69: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Natthanpur Town Water Supply Demand Demand YEAR Population demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) in MLD MLD Supply (L) 113

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Gap MLD 2018 17445 2.45 2355075 454 353261 2708791 2.71 0.26 2023 24683 2.45 3332205 496 499831 3832532 3.83 1.38 2028 30886 2.45 4169610 524 625442 4795575 4.80 2.35 2033 35272 2.45 4761720 544 714258 5476522 5.48 3.03 2038 38769 2.45 5233815 559 785072 6019446 6.02 3.57 2043 41698 2.45 5629230 572 844385 6474186 6.47 4.03 2048 44346 2.45 5986710 584 898007 6885300 6.89 4.44 2053 46988 2.45 6343380 594 951507 7295481 7.30 4.85

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 0.26 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 3.57 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 4.85 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 2.71 750 2.45 973 223 190 2023 3.83 750 2.45 1377 627 970 2028 4.80 750 2.45 1723 973 1640 2033 5.48 750 2.45 1968 1218 2110 2038 6.02 750 2.45 2163 1413 2490 2043 6.47 750 2.45 2327 1577 2800 2048 6.89 750 2.45 2474 1724 3090 2053 7.30 750 2.45 2622 1872 3370

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

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Map 3: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Natthanpur Town

10.1.1.4 Natthuwa Wala Table 70: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Natthuwa Wala Town

Demand Supply Water Fire Demand YEAR Population NRW (L) Total (L) Supply Gap in MLD demand (L) demand (L) MLD MLD

2018 17482 1.92 2360070 384 354011 2714464 2.71 0.79 2023 23883 1.92 3224205 429 483631 3708265 3.71 1.79 2028 33295 1.92 4494825 460 674224 5169509 5.17 3.25 2033 40059 1.92 5407965 482 811195 6219642 6.22 4.30 2038 45282 1.92 6113070 498 916961 7030529 7.03 5.11 2043 49489 1.92 6681015 512 1002152 7683679 7.68 5.76 2048 53102 1.92 7168770 524 1075316 8244609 8.24 6.32 2053 56514 1.92 7629390 534 1144409 8774332 8.77 6.85

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 0.79 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 5.11 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 6.85 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

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Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 2.71 800 1.92 976 176 560 2023 3.71 800 1.92 1333 533 1250 2028 5.17 800 1.92 1858 1058 2260 2033 6.22 800 1.92 2235 1435 2990 2038 7.03 800 1.92 2527 1727 3550 2043 7.68 800 1.92 2761 1961 4010 2048 8.24 800 1.92 2963 2163 4400 2053 8.77 800 1.92 3153 2353 4760

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

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Map 4: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Natthuwa Wala Town

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10.1.1.5 Rishikesh Dehat Table 71: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Rishikesh Dehat Town Deman Suppl Fire d Populati Water Demand YEAR y in demand NRW (L) Total (L) Supply on demand (L) MLD MLD (L) Gap MLD 2018 41213 4.79 5563755 718 834563 6399037 6.40 1.61 2023 47869 4.79 6462315 785 969347 7432447 7.43 2.64 2028 67904 4.79 9167040 828 1375056 10542924 10.54 5.75 2033 79649 4.79 10752615 860 1612892 12366367 12.37 7.58 2038 87603 4.79 11826405 884 1773961 13601250 13.60 8.81 2043 93296 4.79 12594960 904 1889244 14485108 14.49 9.70 2048 98102 4.79 13243770 923 1986566 15231258 15.23 10.44 2053 102591 4.79 13849785 940 2077468 15928192 15.93 11.14

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 1.61 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 8.81 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 11.14 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 6.40 0 4.79 2233 2233 1120 2023 7.43 0 4.79 2594 2594 1840 2028 10.54 0 4.79 3679 3679 4000 2033 12.37 0 4.79 4315 4315 5270 2038 13.60 0 4.79 4746 4746 6130 2043 14.49 0 4.79 5055 5055 6740 2048 15.23 0 4.79 5315 5315 7260 2053 15.93 0 4.79 5558 5558 7740

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

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Map 5: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Rishikesh Dehat Town

10.1.1.6 Gumaniwala Table 72: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Gumaniwala Town Demand Water Supply Demand Supply YEAR Population demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) in MLD MLD Gap (L) MLD 2018 9690 0.96 1308150 326 196223 1504699 1.50 0.54 2023 13717 0.96 1851795 360 277769 2129924 2.13 1.17 2028 17775 0.96 2399625 382 359944 2759950 2.76 1.80 2033 20642 0.96 2786670 398 418001 3205068 3.21 2.25 2038 22886 0.96 3089610 409 463442 3553461 3.55 2.59 2043 24732 0.96 3338820 419 500823 3840062 3.84 2.88 2048 26366 0.96 3559410 428 533912 4093750 4.09 3.13 2053 27966 0.96 3775410 436 566312 4342158 4.34 3.38

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 0.54 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 2.59 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 3.38 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 1.50 600 0.96 525 ‐75 380

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2023 2.13 600 0.96 743 143 820 2028 2.76 600 0.96 963 363 1250 2033 3.21 600 0.96 1118 518 1560 2038 3.55 600 0.96 1240 640 1810 2043 3.84 600 0.96 1340 740 2010 2048 4.09 600 0.96 1429 829 2180 2053 4.34 600 0.96 1515 915 2350

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

Map 6: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Gumaniwala Town

10.1.1.7 Pratitnagar

Table 73: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Pratitnagar Town Demand Water Supply Demand Supply YEAR Population demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) in MLD MLD Gap (L) MLD 2018 15388 1.08 2077380 352 311607 2389339 2.39 1.31 2023 18852 1.08 2545020 372 381753 2927145 2.93 1.85 2028 22479 1.08 3034665 387 455200 3490252 3.49 2.41

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Demand Water Supply Demand Supply YEAR Population demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) in MLD MLD Gap (L) MLD 2033 24958 1.08 3369330 399 505400 3875128 3.88 2.80 2038 27071 1.08 3654585 408 548188 4203181 4.20 3.12 2043 28934 1.08 3906090 417 585914 4492420 4.49 3.41 2048 30718 1.08 4146930 425 622040 4769394 4.77 3.69 2053 32577 1.08 4397895 432 659684 5058011 5.06 3.98

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 1.31 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 3.12 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 3.98 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Total Storage Production Demand availability Supply required Storage Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) (KL) proposal (KL) (LPM) YEAR 2018 2.39 350 1.08 0.34896 834 484 910 2023 2.93 350 1.08 0.34896 1021 671 1290 2028 3.49 350 1.08 0.34896 1218 868 1680 2033 3.88 350 1.08 0.34896 1352 1002 1950 2038 4.20 350 1.08 0.34896 1467 1117 2170 2043 4.49 350 1.08 0.34896 1568 1218 2370 2048 4.77 350 1.08 0.34896 1664 1314 2570 2053 5.06 350 1.08 0.34896 1765 1415 2770

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

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Map 7: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Pratitnagar Town

10.1.1.8 Haripur Kalan Table 74: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Haripur Kalan Town Demand Water Supply Demand Supply YEAR Population demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) in MLD MLD Gap (L) MLD 2018 13277 1.68 1792395 417 268859 2061671 2.06 0.38 2023 20664 1.68 2789640 474 418446 3208560 3.21 1.53 2028 28158 1.68 3801330 513 570200 4372043 4.37 2.69 2033 34024 1.68 4593240 543 688986 5282769 5.28 3.60 2038 38792 1.68 5236920 565 785538 6023023 6.02 4.34 2043 42740 1.68 5769900 582 865485 6635967 6.64 4.96 2048 46146 1.68 6229710 597 934457 7164764 7.16 5.48 2053 49312 1.68 6657120 610 998568 7656298 7.66 5.98

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 0.38 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 4.34 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 5.98 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

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Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 2.06 0 1.68 719 719 270 2023 3.21 0 1.68 1120 1120 1070 2028 4.37 0 1.68 1526 1526 1870 2033 5.28 0 1.68 1843 1843 2510 2038 6.02 0 1.68 2102 2102 3020 2043 6.64 0 1.68 2316 2316 3450 2048 7.16 0 1.68 2500 2500 3810 2053 7.66 0 1.68 2672 2672 4160

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

Map 8: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Haripur Kalan Town

10.1.1.9 Kharak Mafi Table 75: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Kharak Mafi Town

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Demand Supply Water Demand Supply YEAR Population in demand Fire demand (L) NRW (L) Total (L) MLD Gap MLD (L) MLD 10734 1.14 1449090 330 217364 1666783 1.67 0.53 2018 13520 1.14 1825200 349 273780 2099329 2.10 0.96 2023 15780 1.14 2130300 363 319545 2450208 2.45 1.31 2028 17450 1.14 2355750 374 353363 2709486 2.71 1.57 2033 18911 1.14 2552985 383 382948 2936315 2.94 1.80 2038 20206 1.14 2727810 390 409172 3137372 3.14 2.00 2043 21448 1.14 2895480 398 434322 3330200 3.33 2.19 2048 22744 1.14 3070440 405 460566 3531411 3.53 2.39 2053

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 0.53 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 1.80 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 2.39 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 1.67 350 1.14 582 232 0 2023 2.10 350 1.14 733 383 670 2028 2.45 350 1.14 855 505 910 2033 2.71 350 1.14 945 595 1090 2038 2.94 350 1.14 1025 675 1250 2043 3.14 350 1.14 1095 745 1390 2048 3.33 350 1.14 1162 812 1530 2053 3.53 350 1.14 1232 882 1670

The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

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Map 9: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Kharak Mafi Town

10.1.1.10 Jeevangarh

Table 76: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Jeevangarh Town Water Fire Demand Supply in Demand YEAR Population demand demand NRW (L) Total (L) Supply MLD MLD (L) (L) Gap MLD 2018 35840 3.16 4838400 599 725760 5564759 5.56 2.40 2023 39090 3.16 5277150 625 791573 6069348 6.07 2.91 2028 42340 3.16 5715900 651 857385 6573936 6.57 3.41 2033 45590 3.16 6154650 675 923198 7078523 7.08 3.92 2038 48840 3.16 6593400 699 989010 7583109 7.58 4.42 2043 52090 3.16 7032150 722 1054823 8087694 8.09 4.93 2048 55340 3.16 7470900 744 1120635 8592279 8.59 5.43 2053 58590 3.16 7909650 765 1186448 9096863 9.10 5.94

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 2.40 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 4.42 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 5.94 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 125

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2018 5.56 1265 3.16 1942 677 1670 2023 6.07 1265 3.16 2118 853 2030 2028 6.57 1265 3.16 2294 1029 2380 2033 7.08 1265 3.16 2470 1205 2730 2038 7.58 1265 3.16 2646 1381 3080 2043 8.09 1265 3.16 2822 1557 3430 2048 8.59 1265 3.16 2998 1733 3780 2053 9.10 1265 3.16 3174 1909 4130 The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

Map 10: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Jeevangarh Town

10.1.1.11 Mehuwala Mafi

Table 77: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Mehuwala Town Fire Demand Supply in Water Demand YEAR Population demand NRW (L) Total (L) Supply MLD demand (L) MLD (L) Gap MLD 2018 114470 6.07 15453423 1070 2318013 17772506 17.77 11.70 2023 135493 6.07 18291528 1164 2743729 21036421 21.04 14.97 2028 156516 6.07 21129633 1251 3169445 24300329 24.30 18.23 2033 177539 6.07 23967738 1332 3595161 27564231 27.56 21.49 2038 198562 6.07 26805843 1409 4020876 30828129 30.83 24.76

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2043 219585 6.07 29643948 1482 4446592 34092022 34.09 28.02 2048 240608 6.07 32482053 1551 4872308 37355912 37.36 31.29 2053 261631 6.07 35320158 1618 5298024 40619799 40.62 34.55

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 11.70 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 24.76 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 34.55 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 17.77 2430 6.07 6202 3772 8130 2023 21.04 2430 6.07 7341 4911 10400 2028 24.30 2430 6.07 8480 6050 12660 2033 27.56 2430 6.07 9619 7189 14930 2038 30.83 2430 6.07 10758 8328 17200 2043 34.09 2430 6.07 11897 9467 19460 2048 37.36 2430 6.07 13036 10606 21730 2053 40.62 2430 6.07 14175 11745 24000 The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

Map 11: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Mehuwala Mafi Town

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10.1.1.12 Central Hope Town

Table 78: Proposed Per Day Demand‐Supply Gap for Central Hope Town Fire Demand Supply in Water Demand YEAR Population demand NRW (L) Total (L) Supply MLD demand (L) MLD (L) Gap MLD 2018 20421 1.36 2756835 452 413525 3170812 3.17 1.81 2023 59573 1.36 8042310 772 1206347 9249428 9.25 7.89 2028 74908 1.36 10112535 865 1516880 11630281 11.63 10.27 2033 90243 1.36 12182760 950 1827414 14011124 14.01 12.65 2038 105578 1.36 14252985 1028 2137948 16391960 16.39 15.03 2043 120913 1.36 16323210 1100 2448482 18772791 18.77 17.41 2048 136248 1.36 18393435 1167 2759015 21153618 21.15 19.79 2053 151583 1.36 20463660 1231 3069549 23534440 23.53 22.17

It is evident from the above table that in year 2018, there was a gap of 1.81 MLD in water supply, projected shortfall of 15.03 MLD at the end of short term period and short fall of 22.17 MLD at the long term perod. The table below provides details of requirement of storage capacity and production capacity.

Storage Production Demand availability Total Supply Storage Storage proposal Requirement YEAR MLD (KL) (MLD) required (KL) (KL) (LPM) 2018 17.77 2430 6.07 1106 496 1260 2023 21.04 2430 6.07 3228 2618 5480 2028 24.30 2430 6.07 4058 3448 7140 2033 27.56 2430 6.07 4889 4279 8790 2038 30.83 2430 6.07 5720 5110 10440 2043 34.09 2430 6.07 6551 5941 12100 2048 37.36 2430 6.07 7382 6772 13750 2053 40.62 2430 6.07 8213 7603 15400 The existing and proposed locations and the network of water supply have been represented in the map below along with the CWR, OHT and Tube well.

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Map 12: Location of Existing & Proposed OHT and Tube Well in Central Hope Town

10.1.1.13 Gap Analysis

It is revealed from the above data that to accommodate the immediate increase in water demand of corridor 1, the installation of additional tube wells with discharge capacity of 81750 LPM, additional storage capacity 32388 KL.

10.1.2 GAP ANALYSIS – SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

10.1.2.1 Existing Scenerio of Solid Waste Management

At present, door to door collection and segregation of solid waste is practiced partly for primary collection with the help of tricycles. Road sweeping is being carried out for cleaning the roads. As per discussion with sanitary sweepers it emerged that the sweepings are partially collected in the bin and rest goes down through the Stormwater nallahs.

The brief of deficiencies prevailing in the present system are as given below:

• Inadequate door to door collection system. Door to door collection is taking place in a few places • No segregation of waste (waste is being collected in a mixed form). • Single Bin system is being prastised to a large extent in the corridor. • Inadequate number of community bins and these bins are placed on un‐surfaced platforms. • Shop owners in Market area do not have bins to collect their waste, and they are throwing waste 129

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on roads/open ground in front of their shops • Street sweepers are not provided with proper tools • Manual collection and transportation have been practiced. • Poor practice in markets storage of waste in front of open space on the ground. • Storage System and Collection system are unsynchronized • Issue of plastic bags • Lack of public awareness • The approach roads of dumping sites are in poor condition • Biodegradable waste is being dumped in the landfill • Machineries and equipments are in poor condition • Improper infrastructure is available at existing land‐fill site/dumping site. • Uncontrolled dumping at various locations

10.1.2.2 Projection of Solid Waste Generation

The projected solid waste generation has been worked out on the basis of norm of NCRPB i.e. 0.36 per capita (kg/capita/day). The projection has been calculated for 5 years interval from year 2018 to year 2053.

Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh Table 79: Projected Urban Waste Generation untill 2053 ‐ Corridor 1 Population Urban waste Generation Data Town Year Population Per capita Total (Kg/capita/day) (tons/day) 2018 21309 0.36 7.67 Survey 2023 29569 0.36 10.64 2028 36035 0.36 12.97 2033 41070 0.36 14.79 Dhalwala 2038 45590 0.36 16.41 Projected 2043 49639 0.36 17.87 2048 53243 0.36 19.17 2053 56811 0.36 20.45 2018 33092 0.36 11.91 Survey 2023 49462 0.36 17.81 2028 59725 0.36 21.50 2033 67431 0.36 24.28 Raipur 2038 73812 0.36 26.57 Projected 2043 79262 0.36 28.53 2048 84239 0.36 30.33 2053 89227 0.36 32.07 2018 17445 0.36 6.28 Survey 2023 24683 0.36 8.89 2028 30886 0.36 11.12 2033 35272 0.36 12.70 Natthanpur 2038 38769 0.36 13.96 Projected 2043 41698 0.36 15.01 2048 44346 0.36 15.96 2053 46988 0.36 16.92 Natthuwa Wala 2018 17482 0.36 6.29 Survey 130

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Population Urban waste Generation Data Town Year Population Per capita Total (Kg/capita/day) (tons/day) 2023 23883 0.36 8.60 2028 33295 0.36 11.99 2033 40059 0.36 14.42 2038 45282 0.36 16.30 Projected 2043 49489 0.36 17.82 2048 53102 0.36 19.12 2053 56514 0.36 20.35 2018 41213 0.36 14.84 Survey 2023 47869 0.36 17.23 2028 67904 0.36 24.45 2033 79649 0.36 28.67 Rishikesh Dehat 2038 87603 0.36 31.54 Projected 2043 93296 0.36 33.59 2048 98102 0.36 35.32 2053 102591 0.36 36.93 2018 9690 0.36 3.49 Survey 2023 13717 0.36 4.94 2028 17775 0.36 6.40 2033 20642 0.36 7.43 Gumaniwala 2038 22886 0.36 8.24 Projected 2043 24732 0.36 8.90 2048 26366 0.36 9.49 2053 27966 0.36 10.07 2018 15388 0.36 5.54 Survey 2023 18852 0.36 6.79 2028 22479 0.36 8.09 2033 24958 0.36 8.98 Pratitnagar 2038 27071 0.36 9.75 Projected 2043 28934 0.36 10.42 2048 30718 0.36 11.06 2053 32577 0.36 11.73 2018 13277 0.36 4.78 Survey 2023 20664 0.36 7.44 2028 28158 0.36 10.14 2033 34024 0.36 12.25 Haripur Kalan 2038 38792 0.36 13.97 Projected 2043 42740 0.36 15.39 2048 46146 0.36 16.61 2053 49312 0.36 17.75 2018 10734 0.36 3.86 Survey 2023 13520 0.36 4.87 2028 15780 0.36 5.68 Kharak Mafi 2033 17450 0.36 6.28 Projected 2038 18911 0.36 6.81 2043 20206 0.36 7.27

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Population Urban waste Generation Data Town Year Population Per capita Total (Kg/capita/day) (tons/day) 2048 21448 0.36 7.72 2053 22744 0.36 8.19 2018 35840 0.36 12.90 Survey 2023 39090 0.36 14.07 2028 42340 0.36 15.24 2033 45590 0.36 16.41 Jeevangarh 2038 48840 0.36 17.58 Projected 2043 52090 0.36 18.75 2048 55340 0.36 19.92 2053 58590 0.36 21.09 2018 114470 0.36 41.21 Survey 2023 135493 0.36 48.78 2028 156516 0.36 56.35 2033 177539 0.36 63.91 Mehuwala Mafi 2038 198562 0.36 71.48 Projected 2043 219585 0.36 79.05 2048 240608 0.36 86.62 2053 261631 0.36 94.19 2018 20421 0.36 7.35 Survey 2023 59573 0.36 21.45 2028 74908 0.36 26.97 Central Hope 2033 90243 0.36 32.49 Town 2038 105578 0.36 38.01 Projected 2043 120913 0.36 43.53 2048 136248 0.36 49.05 2053 151583 0.36 54.57 10.1.2.3 Gap Analysis

It is revealed from the above data that total Solid Waste generation in corridor no 1 in year 2038 is 270.12 Tons/Day and for year 2053 is 344.31 Tons/Day. Since there is no existing solid waste management arrangement therefore there is 100 % gap in solid waste management.

10.1.3 Liquid Waste Management

10.1.3.1 Existing Scenerio of Liquid Waste Management

The peri‐urban areas included in all the corridor do not have sewerage system and dispose of grey water in open drains and black water in septic tanks. The overflows of septic tanks are either draining in open drains or discharging on low lying areas.

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10.1.3.2 Projection of Liquid Waste Generation

The sewage quantification calculation has been done taking the norm of CPHEEO Manual which is 80 % of water supply. The detailed calculations are represented in below tables:

Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh Table 80: Projected Sewage Generation till 2053 ‐ Corridor 1 Sewage Generation Water supply Population Town Year Population Per capita Total (liters/capita/day) Data (liters/capita/day) (KLD) 2018 21309 92 73.6 1568.34 Survey 2023 29569 135 108 3193.45 2028 36035 135 108 3891.78 2033 41070 135 108 4435.56 Dhalwala 2038 45590 135 108 4923.72 Projected 2043 49639 135 108 5361.01 2048 53243 135 108 5750.24 2053 56811 135 108 6135.59 2018 33092 58 46.4 1253.23 Survey 2023 49462 135 108 5341.90 2028 59725 135 108 6450.30 2033 67431 135 108 7282.55 Raipur 2038 73812 135 108 7971.70 Projected 2043 79262 135 108 8560.30 2048 84239 135 108 9097.81 2053 89227 135 108 9121.46 2018 17445 98 78.4 1172.30 Survey 2023 24683 135 108 2665.76 2028 30886 135 108 3335.69 2033 35272 135 108 3809.38 Natthanpur 2038 38769 135 108 4187.05 Projected 2043 41698 135 108 4503.38 2048 44346 135 108 4789.37 2053 46988 135 108 5074.70 2018 17482 66 52.8 923.05 Survey 2023 23883 135 108 2579.36 2028 33295 135 108 3595.86 2033 40059 135 108 4326.37 Natthuwa Wala 2038 45282 135 108 4890.46 Projected 2043 49489 135 108 5344.81 2048 53102 135 108 5735.02 2053 56514 135 108 6103.51 2018 41213 73 58.4 2637.63 Survey 2023 47869 135 108 5169.85 2028 67904 135 108 7333.63 2033 79649 135 108 8602.09 Rishikesh Dehat 2038 87603 135 108 9461.12 Projected 2043 93296 135 108 10075.97 2048 98102 135 108 10595.02 2053 102591 135 108 11079.83 2018 9690 70 56 474.81 Survey Gumaniwala 2023 13717 135 108 1481.44 Projected 2028 17775 135 108 1919.70 133

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Sewage Generation Water supply Population Town Year Population Per capita Total (liters/capita/day) Data (liters/capita/day) (KLD) 2033 20642 135 108 2229.34 2038 22886 135 108 2471.69 2043 24732 135 108 2671.06 2048 26366 135 108 2847.53 2053 27966 135 108 3020.33 2018 15388 67 53.6 738.62 Survey 2023 18852 135 108 2036.02 2028 22479 135 108 2427.73 2033 24958 135 108 2695.46 Pratitnagar 2038 27071 135 108 2923.67 Projected 2043 28934 135 108 3124.87 2048 30718 135 108 3317.54 2053 32577 135 108 3518.32 2018 13277 77 61.6 807.24 Survey 2023 20664 135 108 2231.71 2028 28158 135 108 3041.06 2033 34024 135 108 3674.59 Haripur Kalan 2038 38792 135 108 4189.54 Projected 2043 42740 135 108 4615.92 2048 46146 135 108 4983.77 2053 49312 135 108 5325.70 2018 10734 85 68 755.67 Survey 2023 13520 135 108 1460.16 2028 15780 135 108 1704.24 2033 17450 135 108 1884.60 Kharak Mafi 2038 18911 135 108 2042.39 Projected 2043 20206 135 108 2182.25 2048 21448 135 108 2316.38 2053 22744 135 108 2456.35 2018 35840 90 72 2580.48 Survey 2023 39090 135 108 4221.72 2028 42340 135 108 4572.72 2033 45590 135 108 4923.72 Jeevangarh 2038 48840 135 108 5274.72 Projected 2043 52090 135 108 5625.72 2048 55340 135 108 5976.72 2053 58590 135 108 6327.72 2018 114470 53 42.4 4853.52 Survey 2023 135493 135 108 14633.22 2028 156516 135 108 16903.71 Mehuwala 2033 177539 135 108 19174.19 Mafi 2038 198562 135 108 21444.67 Projected 2043 219585 135 108 23715.16 2048 240608 135 108 25985.64 2053 261631 135 108 28256.13 2018 20421 52 41.6 849.51 Survey 2023 59573 135 108 6433.85 Central Hope 2028 74908 135 108 8090.03 Town 2033 90243 135 108 9746.21 Projected 2038 105578 135 108 11402.39 2043 120913 135 108 13058.57 134

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Sewage Generation Water supply Population Town Year Population Per capita Total (liters/capita/day) Data (liters/capita/day) (KLD) 2048 136248 135 108 14714.75 2053 151583 135 108 16370.93

10.1.3.3 Gap Analysis

It is revealed from the above data that total Sewerage generation in corridor no 1 in year 2038 is 82 MLD and for year 2053 is 103 MLD. Since there is no existing sewerage system therefore there is 100 % gap in liquid waste management.

10.1.4 SUMMARY

There are inadequate or minimal facilities for solid waste and liquid waste disposal system in corridor 1. Data reveals that there is a need of proper solid and liquid waste management system in this corridor.

Solid Waste generation in corridor no 1 in year 2038 is estimated to be 270.12 Tons/Day and for year 2053 is 344.31 Tons/Day.

Sewerage generation in corridor no 1 in year 2038 is estimated to be 82 MLD and for year 2053 is 103 MLD.

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CHAPTER 11 : PUBLIC INFORMATION AND CONSULTATION

11.1 INTRODUCTION

Public information and consultation are an important method of involving various stakeholders particularly, local community with reference to the proposed development initiatives. It provides a platform to participants to express their views, concerns and apprehensions that might affect them positively or negatively. Public consultation is also forms an integral part of the decision‐making process for the preparation of any scheme/plan for the public. The effectiveness and success of any proposal or scheme is directly related to the degree of involvement by the stakeholders and the local community and integration of outcome of consultations wherever feasible in the proposed development initiatives. Detailed planning is required to ensure that benefitted local community, interested groups, non‐governmental organizations, civil society organizations; local government, line departments, etc. are consulted regularly, frequently and purposefully during different stages of the project including project preparation. 11.2 REQUIREMENT AND SCOPE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Community consultations are essential right from the project conceptual stage so that public concerns, interests, perceptions and the degree of support are clearly identified. It is important for disclosing all information to the public pertaining to the proposed facility and their potential benefits that may have on the surrounding area. The information should be clearly displayed and communicated during the community consultation process. The consultation process has been conceived, planned, and initiated with the following key objectives:

 To gather information on the existing infrastructure facility available in the Peri urban areas;  Disclose all information pertaining to the proposed facility and their potential benefits that may have on the surrounding area and create awareness among various stakeholders about project intervention;  To keep public informed, listen to and acknowledge their concerns and provide feedback;  To work directly with the public to ensure that their concerns and aspirations are understood and considered; and  To look to the public for advice and innovation in formulating solutions and incorporating such advice into decisions to the maximum extent possible.

11.3 METHODOLOGY ADOPTED

A community consultation strategy is an essential part of the assessment process for the establishment of any facility. The consultation carried out for the preparation of Master Plan was quite specific, and started with identification of stakeholders and interest groups that may influence or be affected by any outcomes. Stakeholders include nearby residents, residents within the peri urban areas where the facility is proposed to be established, environmental groups, the local media, and government agencies such as Central Ground Water Board, Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan and Uttarakhand Jal Nigam, Development Authorities etc.

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11.3.1 Level of Consultation

The public consultations were carried out at the different stages of Master Plan preparation as mentioned in Chapter 3. Types of consultations done with various participants using various tools including, interviews with government officials, individual consultations, key informant interviews, focus group discussion, stakeholder consultations, etc., are presented in the table provided below.

Table 81: Type of Consultations Level Type Key Participants

Individual Local‐level Consultation People along the project corridor Door to Door Personal People along the project corridor including Individual Contact those that are not impacted directly Women, weaker sections, Settlement Focus Group Discussion agriculturist, School teachers etc.

Institutional Stakeholder Discussion Line departments, Pollution Control Board, UJN, UJS

Consultation with the community started with project briefing, their benefits and it was not only limited to a technical process but was less formal with active listening and communication to enable public perceptions to be identified. Moreover, the community consultation should continue during the project implementation and operational stage, so that any actual or perceived issues that may arise at some point in the future can be identified and addressed. 11.4 Stakeholder Consulatation Details

12 Stakeholder meetings were organized in the month of April 2019 and August 2019 before formuation of master plan of corridor 1. The stakeholders comprised village level functionaries of the concerned peri‐urban area, representatives of implementing agencies at field level. Additionally, the consultations were also held with World Bank team, Asian Development Bank project office, Irrigation department, TCE office, UJN/UJS , Nagar Nigam , Tourism Department, Panchayati Raj Department, Planning Department, Economics and Statistics Department of GoUK, Urban Development Department, State Water and Sanitation Mission, SWAJAL, Namami Gange Program etc. The draft master plan was delibrated in the month of July 2020 where in representatives of implementing agencies as well as concerned departments were present. On the basis of invaluable inputs of the stakeholder the master plan was further improved and finalized. The details of stakeholder’s workshop are placed at annexure

The draft master plan was delibrated in the month of July and Deceber 2020 where in representatives of implementing agencies as well as concerned departments were present. On the basis of invaluable inputs of the stakeholder the master plan was further improved and finalized.

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11.5 KEY FINDINGS OF THE PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS

Local community agrees that the Peri Urban areas are undergoing a transformation and are under tremendous stress due to pressures created by urbanization whereas the infrastructure and service availability with respect to water supply, sanitation and solid waste management in peri urban areas are inadequate, and hence they appreciated the efforts of the Government and services proposed for better water supply, sanitation and solid waste management in the Peri Urban areas. Overall the public was pleased to be informed and to participate in this study. The main points of discussion at the community level were impact of water system on water users, water quality and water source protection. The quality of questions and engagement of those present at the local meetings was a positive indicator of the interest in water supply issues within the relevant growth corridor. The additional consultations offered and provided to the ULBs at their request was also well received and provides a good starting point for future discussions around the potential for new tubewells to be located just outside the city’s boundaries in the peri urban areas. Peri Urban representatives raised concerns regarding source protection issues and potential constrains on land use resulting from water supplies. Local community also inquired about the service fee charged and their fixation criteria. The summary of points discussed in the consultation meetings are presented in Annexure 3 11.6 MAJOR OUTCOMES OF PUBLIC CONSULTATION:

Following are the major outcomes of Public consultations:

Willingness to pay: People are usually willing to pay for a good service. However, it is desirable to ascertain their willingness to pay for different levels of services. Subsidy for the poor/BPL: The element of cross‐subsidization may be introduced to give relief to the poor and disadvantaged to ensure that they are not deprived of basic services. Higher rates from non residential establishments: Higher rates may be prescribed for commercial, institutional, and industrial establishments and bulk waste generators as they produce substantially more waste than households and usually have a better capacity to pay. Introducing higher service fees: Through interaction with government departments and stakeholders, it does not seem practical to immediately introduce higher rates of service fees that may be required to make services self‐sustaining. User fees may be increased gradually, synchronous with the provision of solid waste and sanitation services. The service fee structure may be so devised that it is commensurate with the level of service provided and may be increased gradually with improved level of services, increasing the level of acceptability among citizens and ensuring their compliance. However, services to the poor may continue to be subsidized, even when full service levels are achieved in such areas. Water conservation: Efforts to conserve traditional sources like ponds, creating artificial ponds etc. should be made and the Government should also promote rainwater harvesting.

11.7 CONCLUSION

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The service providers (UJN/UJS) may organize public consultation to have citizens’ views on the proposed service fee structure and levy of lower rates on the poor. This will facilitate better acceptance and payment of user fees. Following are the observation for success of Master Plan:

 Community should be involved through consultations for deciding the final contours of the proposed services for Peri urban areas.  Community should be made aware of the socio‐economic and environmental safeguards of proposed Master plan through regular mass communication and information, education, and communication (IEC) campaigns.  Community should be made aware of their responsibilities for ensuring success of proposed incentives. The impacts of their actions on the success of schemes proposed schemes under Master Plan should be made evident through IEC campaigns.  Water conservation scheme should be encouraged.

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CHAPTER 12 : WILLINGNESS TO PAY

Safe water supply is one of the important Millennium Development Goal. For development of market water supply services, the willingness of consumers to pay is essential. The consumer willingness to pay (WTP) for piped water supply using the contingent valuation (CV) method with different starting point bids was investigated for growth corridor peri urban areas. The results showed that households with access to ground water perceived this as of good quality. More than 90% of the consumers were willing to pay for better quality and regular water supply.

1. “Willingness to Pay (WTP)” is the maximum amount a customer is willing to pay for service. This makes willingness to pay a crucial factor when finding the best price to sell a product at, for both the seller and buyer. WTP is typically expressed as an aggregate number with a corresponding range of upper and lower limits.

2. The economic value of something is measured by a summation of many individuals` willingness to pay (WTP) for it. The WTP reflects individuals` preferences for the good in question. Valuation is in money terms because of the way in which preference revelation is sought. i.e., by asking people how much they are willing to pay. Valuation is important for proper pricing.

3. 'Willingness to pay' assumes significance as there is a marked shift in the government's traditional role too ‐ from provider to that of a facilitator. As a result, financial contributions from communities are becoming a reality.

I. SURVEY DESIGN

4. The survey was performed between Nov., 2018 and Mar., 2019 in all above mentioned corridor covering 1200 households. Since the peri urban areas are of different sizes, each household was chosen randomly. A questionnaire with open‐ended questions was administered to households. The questionnaire consisted of the following five sections: i) introduction, household location, ii) demographic information, iii) socio‐ economic information, iv) water quality and willingness to pay, v)water availability/supply and willingness to pay. Sections four and five are basically Contingent valuation questions which emphasized two aspects of the proposed improved service: good quality water meeting standards of Drinking water quality, reliable and predictable water supply. The questions were designed to get the most precise data for econometric analysis of willingness of pay. Interviews were conducted with the head of the household.

5. The study adopted both stated preference and revealed preference methods to value the existing and hypothetical water supply service. For stated preference approach, the CV method was used where respondents were directly asked about their WTP for the piped water system. The question asked was: How much is your household willing to pay monthly for the maintenance of a private connection and 24x7 hours a day access to potable water? behavior method begins with the recognition that individuals seek to protect themselves when faced with environmental risk such as contaminated drinking water.

6. The Contingent Valuation (CV) method was used to identify WTP for individual water connection. One scenario was developed for all categories of water users depending on respondents’ answer to type of water source that they are using. If they do not use standpipe and do not have the individual connection respondents would answer how they would like 140

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to pay for one of them when connected and if the family use a standpipe or have an individual connection and how much they would like to pay for potable water available 24 hr a day.

7. Across the questionnaire, two types of questions were asked. The first, open‐ended, directly asked about the maximum amount(s) he would be willing to pay for the proposed water supply improvement. The second was a bidding game, when households are asked different prices until settling at a maximum offered price. The reason for having these two question formats is to see whether respondents react similar regardless of type of asked question. II. DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS

8. Various econometric models estimated to relate willingness to pay with the socio‐ economic characteristics of HH, household income, and other variables representing the level of services they are currently receiving. Consumers’ willingness to pay for improved water supplies can be influenced by several factors. Recent surveys on willingness to pay have added data from which several general conclusions can now be drawn.

• Perceived Benefits: Convenience, amenity and economic benefits are important for users in surveys throughout the developing world. Water quality is important, too, but it is judged by taste, odour, colour, and tradition ‐ not by bacteriological quality.

• Income: In corridor no 1 and 2, surveys confirmed that families with higher incomes were more willing than poorer families to pay for connection to an improved water supply. In corridor no 3, families confirmed to pay if they are getting 24x7 hours of water supply.

• Water Charges: Households confirm that if they are getting sufficient water in terms of quality and quantity they are willing to pay tariff decided by the authority. Further, they can save electricity charges consumed by individual households booster pumps due to sufficient water at HH level

• Women’s Time: In the Periurban area, connection rates are higher and women are educated and employed because the value of their time is higher. Women can save their time

9. To understand the existing situation of the people towards the imposition of the pricing to the services which they are availing, a detailed door‐to‐door survey has been conducted in corridor related to the majorly 3 different services i.e. Water Supply, Sanitation and Solid Waste management (SWM). There is a concern that water in corridor is of low pressure and its supply is unreliable. Further, there is evidence to suggest that the capacities of the current water sources in corridor are mainly from tubewell. Water availability is main issue in corridor; as a result individual household is having booster pumps and overhead tank. This implies that the residents bear the costs foregoing raises the following question to be answered by this investigation. Are residents, willing to pay in order to increase water quality, reliability and improved supply?

10. This sub‐section is composed of some descriptive statistics on Willingness to pay for improved water quality and also on Willingness to pay for improved reliability of water supply.

• Water Quality: Sample respondents perceived considerable differences in taste, colour and health hazards of water from boreholes, which are the main water sources in this area. About 95 percent of the respondents find water as of good quality. 141

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• Water Supply Duration: In WTP, respondents were asked about the reliability and quantity of getting water supply from the piped distribution system. The majority reported that they experience water shortages all year round and they had on and off supply problems during the dry season. In order deal with this unreliability of supply, households engage in storage of water, looking for UGR/OHT storage. Every household have adopted the habit of storing water in tanks. About 70 % of the households believed that improvement in the duration of supply is necessary and about 25 % were happy for the water supply duration. The remaining 5 percent did express reservations because they regarded water services as an entitlement to them that should be provided by the government. This can be attributed to the fact that people are getting water as a social service from government. However, due to the problem of sustainability of services, it is vital that people view water as an economic well.

• Willingness to pay for better services :

o The per capita income in Uttarakhand State was better at Rs. 1.89 lakh as against National figure of Rs. 1.26 lakh for the year 2018‐19.

• The Willingness to pay equation was estimated based on household survey. The study reveals that majority of respondents (75%) in the project area are willing to pay between Rs. 125 to Rs 150 water charges per month for improved water supply (135 lpcd, 24x7 at 12 m pressure). About 18% respondents were willing to pay in the range Rs. 150‐200 per month for improved water quality and reliability of water supply. Surprisingly, 5% households expressed their willingness to pay greater than Rs. 200 pm provided what is promised is delivered. The remaining 2 percent did express reservations because they regarded water services as an entitlement to them should be provided by the government.

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Draft Master Plan Preparation of Master Plan for Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM for Peri‐urban Areas

Willingness to Pay 75%

80 60 18% 40 2 % 5 20 0 INR <=125 INR 125‐150 INR 150‐200 INR >200 Percentage of HH

• The willingness to pay estimate shows that households are willing to pay in order to cover the O&M cost along with willingness to contribute to the capital cost with an objective to get improved water supply.

• Respondents who were aware of the health consequences (with environmental risk such as contaminated water) of poor water supply had a higher WTP than those who did not.

• The majority of respondents preferred metered water connection with volumetric tariff in order to ensure equal distribution of water by making everyone for the quantity of they use.

• The positive correlation has been observed between average HH income and willingness to pay for improved water supply.

• Further an attempt was made to correlate average expenditure incurred by households on non‐essential items (i.e. pan, bidi, tobacco products etc) with an estimated willingness to pay. The willingness to pay in proportion to the income comes around 1.2 percent on an average. Non‐essential items expenditure is 2.1 percent on average to the proportion of total consumption expenditure. It proves that willingness to pay estimate and affordability are well within the amount households spend on non‐essential items.

11. Some of the specific benefits that have emerged from the surveys are as follows:

• Time saved on water collection and reduced drudgery, especially for women and children due to improved access to water

• Time saved and enhanced sense of security and dignity due to improved access to household toilets

• Reduction in water‐borne diseases

• Increase in livelihood opportunities both directly under the project (e.g. employment during construction and maintenance) and due to greater availability of water and

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time (e.g. beneficiaries were able to keep more livestock or start small businesses)

• The economic analysis aims at valuing some of these benefits in order to enable a comparative assessment of the benefits and costs of the intervention. The analysis draws on the impact assessment surveys and makes use of data and information from several sources like Questionnaire‐based surveys at the household level; Field observations; Semi‐structured focus group discussions; Interviews with officials of the two facilitating agencies at multiple levels (state, division/district, and Peri‐urban town levels)

Summary : The Willingness to pay was assessed on basis of household survey. The survey revealed that majority of respondents (75%) in the project area are willing to pay between Rs. 125 to Rs 150 water charges per month for improved water supply (135 lpcd, 24x7 at 12 m pressure). About 18% respondents were willing to pay in the range Rs. 150‐200 per month for improved water quality and reliability of water supply. Surprisingly, 5% households expressed their willingness to pay greater than Rs. 200 per month provided what is promised is delivered. The remaining 2 percent did express reservations because they regarded water services as an entitlement to them should be provided by the government.

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13.1 WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM

13.1.1 Corridor 1: Dehradun – Rishikesh

Presently ground water is only source for the water supply in all peri‐urban areas in growth corridor 1. The ground water source is proposed for short term as there is no other cost effective source of water supply to these peri‐urban areas of growth corridor.

Proposal for 2023‐2038 (Short Term)

The distribution system will be rehabilitated as per detailed distribution network analysis. It is proposed to carry out this computer analysis during preparation of DPR. However, improvement works in distribution system will have to be undertaken simultaneously so that benefits of reservoirs and distribution are available. The network analysis will be possible for the area already developed only as no layout plans of the remaining area are available. It would be worthwhile to undertake leakage detection and control through DMA methodology and change all customer service pipelines with HDPE pipes in order to achieve the target of UFW to be below 15%. Block estimation for distribution improvement has been done on the basis of past experience in similar projects on per capita basis.

To accommodate the immediate increase in water demand of corridor 1, the installation of additional tube wells with discharge capacity of 81750 LPM, additional storage capacity 32388 KL and about 800 km additional distribution network is recommended for short term plan.

Water Supply Short Term Proposal for Corridor ‐ 1

Growth Corridor 1: Dehradun‐Rishikesh S. OHT Capacity Proposed (KL) Tube well Capacity Proposed Town Name No. Year 2038 (LPM)Year 2038 1 Dhalwala 2000 KL 2900 LPM 2 Raipur 2700 KL 5300 LPM 3 Natthanpur 1500 KL 24900 LPM 4 Natthuwa Wala 1750 KL 3550 LPM 5 Rishikesh Dehat 4800 KL 6130 LPM 6 Gumaniwala 650 KL 1810 LPM 7 Pratitnagar 1200 KL 2170 LPM 8 Haripur Kalan 2150 KL 3020 LPM 9 Kharak Mafi 700 KL 1250 LPM 10 Jeevangarh 1500 KL 3080 LPM 11 Mehuwala Mafi 8328 KL 17200 LPM Central Hope 12 5110 KL 10440 LPM Town

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Water Supply Proposal for 2038‐2053 (Long Term)

The State Government is concerned about the long term sustainability of ground water over the next 30 years. The concern arises from the failure of some tube wells. Therefore the state government has embraked upon construction of dam on Song River with gross storage capacity of 26 Million Cubic Meter and availability of 150 MLD of drinking water to growth corridor‐1. The construction of the dam costing Rs. 1200 crore located at 25 km from dehradun on Song River has been approved.

The reservoir is intended to supply 256 MLD or 2.96 cumec ofwater. The Dam primarily is to serve as a source for drinking water, for Dehradun as well as for peripheral areas.29Total demand for Dehradun town for year 2036 is about 213.50 MLD. Dehradun is already getting about 110 MLD from various sources. Total demand for all peri‐urban areas is about 128 MLD for the ultimate period. After the implementation of Song dam project, the total water availability for Dehradun town and adjoining peri‐urban areas will be around 366 MLD.

29City Development Plan: May 2007

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Figure 22 :Location of Proposed Dam on Song River

13.2 ARTIFICAL GROUND WATER RECHARGE

Artificial recharge aims at augmenting the natural replenishment of ground water storage by some method of construction, spreading of water, or by artificially changing natural conditions. It is useful for reducing overdraft, conserving surface run‐off, and increasing available ground water supplies. Recharge may be incidental or deliberate, depending on whether or not it is a by‐product of normal water utilization

13.2.1 Ground Water Recharge Techniques

The recharging of the water sources does not take place fully due to the uncertain duration of the rainfall and approximately more than 70% rainfall taking place in only 3 months. Moreover, the flow of water is constantly falling down in the local rivers, nala’s, water sources in spite of snowfall in the upper reaches. It is clear that the reason for the decline in water sources in the state is due to climate change as well as uncontrolled extraction, which is a cause of worry.

Only small quantities of water percolate in the ground and refill the water sources, the remaining water flows away as surface runoff. The flow in the various water sources is constantly falling down due to change in nature and intensity of rain and downfall in winter rains. The drinking water sources can be preserved only by proper planning, development and management.

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Objectives of Water Harvesting, Conservation and Augmentation

 The coordinated effort by all the stakeholders  Prevention of water sources from getting destroyed or extinct.  Tree plantation and adoption of organic techniques for water conservation  Efforts to conserve traditional sources like Chal and Khal (artificial ponds on hilltops)  Promotion of rainwater harvesting

Major Remedies for Water Harvesting, Conservation and Augmentation

 Rooftop rainwater harvesting tank  Construction of small dams in major and minor rivers and streams, natural drainage channels.  Construction of check dams  Construction, renovation and conservation of nalas, Chal and Khal (artificial ponds on hilltops), recharge pits and contour trenches.  Plantation of vegetation with wild leaves.  Regular sanitation survey in cooperation with the local communities for ensuring the cleanliness of drinking water sources and structures.  Training and capacity building for monitoring at a local level.

Potential Areas for Water Harvesting

 Where groundwater levels are declining on a regular basis.  Where a substantial amount of aquifer has been de‐saturated.  Where the availability of groundwater is inadequate in lean months.  Where due to rapid urbanization, infiltration of rainwater into subsoil has decreased drastically and recharging of groundwater has diminished.

Major Activities/ Techniques for Water Harvesting, Conservation and Augmentation30

 Plantation  Coolie walling  Dug‐well/ chal‐khal  Check dam  Contour trench  Recharge pit  Percolation tank  Rainwater harvesting tank

30Central Ground Water Board (CGWB), Ministry of Jal Shakti, GOI

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Recharge Trench Recharge Pit

Existing Tube Well Recharge Well

Figure 23: Techniques of Roof top Rain Water/Storm Runoff Harvesting31

Harvesting Provisions in various Building Categories

All buildings in a city contribute to the rainwater runoff during the monsoon and hence such runoff can be harvested for water reuse/recharge. The indicative provisions of rainwater harvesting in various buildings types are:

Table 82: Provisions for Rainwater Harvesting by Building Types

Category Area of Plot Provisions to be made Other Conditions / Use (sq.m.) Residential Plotted Houses New  Construction of Rain Water Shall have an emphasis on both 100 and above Proposals Harvesting Structure. storage and reuse. Group Housing

31https://vikaspedia.in/energy/environment/rainwater‐harvesting‐1/rain‐water‐harvesting‐techniques‐to‐augment‐ground‐water

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 Construction of Rain Water Harvesting Structure. Should indicate the system of New  Concrete paving to be avoided Strom Water Drainage, Rain All plot sizes Proposals and permeable materials are to Water Harvesting Structure and be used for all open parking Recharging Well spaces. Public and semi‐public buildings  Shall have Rain Water All Harvesting Structure and Shall have an emphasis on both All plot sizes Proposals storage. storage and reuse.  Shall have Recharge pits Commercial / Mixed‐use  Construction of Rain Water Harvesting Structure. Should indicate the system of  Soft landscape provisions and Strom Water Drainage, Rain open spaces with Percolation All Water Harvesting Structure and All plot sizes pits. Proposals Recharging Well Shall have an  Common treatment plant to be emphasis on both storage and made part of the integrated reuse. development, funded by the sale of commercial space. Industrial  Construction of Rain Water Should indicate the system of Harvesting Structure. Strom Water Drainage, Rain  Soft landscape provisions and Water Harvesting Structure and open spaces with Percolation Recharging Well. Provision should pits. be made not to inject All All plot sizes  Use of abandoned bore wells contaminated water into recharge Proposals for recharging of groundwater. structures in industrial areas and  Common treatment plant to be care is to be taken to keep such made part of the integrated structures away from sewer lines, development funded by the septic tanks, soak pits, landfill and sale of commercial space. other sources of contamination. Other All plot sizes Similar as above Similar as above proposals

Source: Model Building Bye‐Law, 2016, TCPO

13.2.2 Other Proposals

13.2.2.1 Action Plan to Reduce NRW

Identification of Issues and Prioritization

What Gets Measured gets managed: a water audit is proposed to be conducted for the purpose of accurate calculations of lossess NRW.

The key to developing a strategy for management of non‐revenue water (NRW) is to gain a better understanding of the reasons for NRW, and the factors which influence its components. Then techniques and procedures can be developed and tailored to the specific characteristics of the network and local influencing factors, to tackle each of the components in order of priority. Causes

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Following are the components of NRW  Background and unavoidable leakage  Reported Leakage  Detectable Leakage  Water tank Overflow  Illegal Connections  Billing Errors  Authorized consumption free of charge  Discounts  Water for Municipal Services  Water Meter out of operation  Poorly calibrated water meters

For the purpose of prioritization of Action Plan, a volume and cost analysis for NRW management has been done as per the following32:

COST High Medium Low

Leakage on Mains (P) Water for City Services

High Illegal Connections (C) and Urban Poor (U)

Leakage on Service Waste of Water in Non‐ Exempted Connections Connections (P) metered Connections (C) (U) Medium VOLUME

Non‐metering of Inaccurate Billing and Reservoirs Overflow (P) Low Connections (C) Data Handling Errors (C)

NRW Type: U= Unbilled Authorized Connections; C= Commercial Losses; P= Physical Losses

Based upon the above matrix the priority actions for the reduction of NRW has been distributed in 3 levels and considering the available resources and time, actions required are phased in 3 stages:

Priority 1

 Check of physical losses (leakages on Mains, leakages on Service connections, losses because of overflowing in ESR and GSR)  Reduction of illegal connections  Awareness program

32Action Plan for Reduction of NRW, Ujjain municipal Corporation – March, 2016

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Priority 2

 Metering of connections  Reduction in Water for City Services  Restructuring of the billing system Priority 3

 Restructuring of Exempted connections  Check on Reservoir flow and non‐detectable losses  Check on losses of service connections up to the customer’s meter

Priority wise Actions Required

(H) Water Audit and Planning:

For the purpose of accurate calculation of losses and NRW, a Water Audit is proposed to be conducted. The scope of work will involve Assessment of existing water supply system, conducting water audit proposal for coverage of gap and detail project report (DPR) for SCADA system (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition).

The assessment of the existing situation will help in mapping the existing distribution network; identify the physical coverage and gap in the system. The detail project report for SCADA system will help in implementing the SCADA system for the first phase.

(I) Regular monitoring for Illegal Connections and Citizen Involvement

Illegal connections involve the physical installation of a connection to water distribution pipelines without the knowledge and approval of the UMC. Illegal connections can occur during the installation of a new supply connection, or sometimes the customer’s supply is cut off after non‐ payment and the customer cannot afford or does not want to pay, to be reconnected. During customer awareness programmes, customers should be encouraged to report illegal connections, and regulations should be in place to penalise the water thieves.

(J) Metering of Consumer

Since metering of water supply is discouraged by citizens, at first only the Industrial and non‐ residential connections will be metered. Later the residential areas will be completely metered. This shall create acceptability for metering among the citizens and thus 100% metering of water connections shall be persuaded.

The rates of water charges should be fixed at such rates so that it is not greater than the respective present water tax, considering the standard supply of approx. 135 LPCD. This will ensure that the users consuming more water will pay more and hence reducing the NRW.

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The connections which are exempted from water tax i.e. religious buildings; govt. buildings etc. should also be metered. Based upon their usage a cap for unbilled water shall be fixed. Consuming more than the limited amount should be charged.

(K) Reduction of Authorized Unbilled Water

Water for city services such and urban poor are unaccounted and unbilled these results in misuse of water and thus increasing NRW. It is proposed that water used for City Services such as gardening and cleaning shall be metered. Though the usage is not billed however an account of used water will create a conscience for misuse. Reuse of water has also been proposed for city services. The decentralized treatment plant can be used to provide water for gardening purpose and other city services.

13.2.3 SCADA System

The SCADA system in the first phase will be installed for monitoring and water at water Source, intake wells, Treatment Plants, Water distribution Rising Mains, Elevated Service Reservoirs, Ground Service Reservoirs and Feeder Mains.

The system will monitor the water consumption, flow rate pressure etc. on a live basis. This will help identify the location of water loss and the area of high demand. Further, based upon location, consumption status and revenue collected from that location, NRW from illegal connections, water theft, waste of water and exempted connections can be focused on a location.

The system will also help estimates the location wise losses so that the supply can be planned accordingly. Because large customers tend to steal large volumes of water, the discrepancy will show up when the UMC conducts a flow balance analysis through the SCADA system. UMC should then undertake focused customer surveys and leakage step tests to determine where the missing flow occurs.

The ward wise usage or location wise usage shall be displayed in a public forum which will encourage the citizens to go for a legal connection. Local public representatives shall also be persuaded to reduce illegal connections.33

Increasing Coverage and Complete SCADA System

The present physical coverage is approx. 60‐70% which has been planned to increase to 100%. The new connections will be completely metered and will be covered under the SCADA system. A complete SCADA system for old connections is also proposed with monitoring until individual connections. This system will further reduce the NRW as the revenue from new connections will be 100% and from old connections will tend to increase more than 90%.

13.3 Service Level Benchmark

The service level benchmark for the urban water supply sector as per the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Govt. of India is provided below.

33Action Plan for Reduction of NRW, Ujjain municipal Corporation – March, 2016

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S. Indicators Benchmark No 1 Coverage of WS connections (Population) 100% 2 Per capita availability of WS at consumer end 135 Lpcd 3 Extent of metering of WS connections 100% 4 Extent of Non‐Revenue Water 20% 5 Continuity of Water Supply 24x7 6 Efficiency of redressal of Customer Complaints 80% 7 Quality of Water Supplied 100% 8 Cost recovery of in Water Supply Services 100% 9 Efficiency in collection of Water Supply Charges 90%

Source: Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), Govt. of India

13.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

13.4.1 Strategic Options for Zero Waste

The ‘Concept of Zero Waste Cities’, Sound Material Cycle Society (SMC) provides zero waste solution in true sense. However, as SMC involves initiative at international, national and local levels, it is a long‐term goal and other approaches can be aligned to increase the preparedness of cities to adopt SMC principles in the future. Other options include Reduce‐Reuse‐Recycle as an effective way to achieve zero waste cities and are implementable in our cities in the current circumstances. Increasingly the concept of sustainable cities has been gaining prominence in the management of cities. Zero Waste Management is a key component of the sustainable management of cities. The figures below show current generic waste flow diagrams followed by an improved system with the implementation of zero waste.

For municipal solid waste, varying interpretations of the definition of zero waste exist based on local needs, availability of technology, resources and regulatory framework for managing MSW using zero waste principles.

A robust system of collection and transportation is a primary requirement of implementing zero waste. Upon collection and transportation, any one of the four or a combination of the four methods of managing MSW may be used to progress towards achieving zero waste.

These 4 methods include a. Landfilling, b. Sound Material Cycle Society, c. Incineration d. Waste to Energy

Proposal for MSWM Collection

For the preparation of MSWM Master Plan 2053, various micro‐planning scenarios have been explored to achieve targets set in the previous section towards zero waste. Under the current circumstances, any scenario can be assessed with 2 pre‐conditions

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 Mixed waste entering the municipal stream  Segregated (at source) MSW entering the municipal stream

The three scenarios which have been assessed for MSWM collection are Scenario 01: Bin Free peri‐urban areas Scenario 02: Strengthened Secondary Collection System Scenario 03: Improved Door Step and Optimized Secondary Collection System (Minimized Bin peri‐urban areas)

Scenario 1: Bin Free Peri‐urban

The first scenario has been assessed with the objective of making a bin free peri‐urban areas. In order to achieve this, all secondary collection bins should be removed and replaced by a precisely coordinated system of collection from source(s) of MSW generation. Further, this system can be designed for segregated waste or mixed waste. Under this system, all residential, commercial and street waste is to be collected directly by vehicular fleet without involving any secondary storage of waste. The fleet should transport the same to processing/ disposal site directly. A detailed comparison of this system with other systems has been provided in below tables. Some of the key features of this system have been listed below:  Removal of all secondary bins/ collection points  100% Door to Door coverage (extremely high level of monitoring of primary collection required). Residential areas where there are no societies or have defunct residents’ societies/ associations/ independent residences would be covered for Door to Door collection.  GPS enabled fleet management must.  Street sweepers need to be provided with garbage bags for collection of waste and deposit on kerb sides (along with the roads) as they clean. A vehicle collects these garbage bags as defined by fleet management.  Transportation of residential, commercial and street swept waste to transfer station and further to processing /incineration/ disposal site  C&D – Transportation of C&D waste to processing plants or local consumption sites  H&K – Transportation of H&K to the processing plant  Special Waste – 100% door to door collection of waste from special markets (including meat, fish, vegetable markets) and dead animal waste to the processing plant  Issues and Limitations of Bin Free peri‐urban areas system  Re‐emergence of secondary collection dumps involves high surveillance of all existing secondary sites as well as potential new secondary dumping spots.  A precisely coordinated system of collection required eliminating the need to secondary storage completely. The system is logistics‐intensive and disallows flexibility induced due to varying traffic conditions and hence delays.  Street sweeping would include a collection of swept waste and storage of the same in

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garbage bags placed along roads/ footpaths for collection by the fleet. This process involveshigh consumption of garbage bags, further increasing plastic waste generation. Also in case of delay in collection of the same, unattended garbage bags may attract stray animals and further cause inconvenience.  In case of occasionally large quantities of waste generation by homes, shops, offices, there is no provision to deposit such waste separately. Such waste can only be collected through regular Door to Door system.

Scenario 2: peri‐urban areas with Strengthened Secondary Collection System

The second scenario has been assessed with an objective of strengthening the secondary collection system. In order to achieve this, secondary collection bins should be placed at every 1 km in the city to make them accessible by any person and street sweepers within 500 m of his/her reach. Further, this system can be designed for segregated and mixed waste.

Under this system, all residential, commercial and street waste is to be collected directly by the vehicular fleet, additionally providing the facility of secondary dumping at bins. The fleet can either deposit the waste to secondary bins or transport the same to processing/ disposal site directly. Some of the key features of this system have been listed below:

 Nuisance spots to be converted to scientifically design secondary collection points.  Secondary collection through bins to be strengthened by improving accessibility of bins through placing a bin at every 1 km of road length (i.e. around 3,000 bins today and 5,500 bins by 2031)  Street littering can be reduced as increased accessibility through secondary bins also doubles up as litter bins.  Areas without Doorstep collection (due to any reason) can deposit waste at secondary bins. These areas could include slums, very narrow roads, areas without RWAs and areas with defunct RWAs.  Street sweepers would deposit swept waste in the secondary bins  Transportation of waste (including street swept waste) from secondary bins to transfer station and further to processing /incineration/ disposal site  C&D – same as Scenario 1  H&K – same as Scenario 1  Special Waste – a combination of the door to door collection and collection from secondary points

Issues and Limitations of Strengthened Bin system

 The number of trips for secondary collection bin emptying fleet would increase leading to increased traffic volume in addition to the Door/Gate to dump system.  Household not covered by doorstep MSW collection may further be left out as an alternative mechanism of secondary collection points would be put in place. This would be an impediment for achieving 100 percent door to door collections.  With strengthened secondary collection system, residential societies/ associations may resort to dumping waste at secondary collection sites, thus detrimental to Door to Door

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collection objective.  100 percent door to door collection may not be achieved for special markets, which are currently a large number of nuisance spots.

Scenario 3: peri‐urban areas with Improved Door Step and Optimized Secondary Collection System

The second scenario has been assessed with an objective of using a combined system with strengthening secondary bins in the city for commercial and public areas while strengthening the Door Step collection of MSW in residential areas. A detailed comparison of this system with other systems has been provided in this chapter. Some of the key features of this system have been listed below:  100% Door to Door coverage (high level of monitoring of primary collection required). Residential areas where there are no residential societies/ associations, slums, chawls or have defunct residents’ societies would be covered for Door to Door collection.  No secondary bins/ collection points for residential areas. Limited secondary bins for the collection of waste by street sweeping and for occasional large quantity waste from homes, shops, offices, etc.  Street sweepers in the proximity of secondary bins to deposit waste in bins. Remaining need to be provided with garbage bags for collection of waste and deposit on kerb sides (along with the roads) as they clean. A vehicle collects these garbage bags through GPS coordinated fleet.  Transportation – same as Scenario 1  C&D – same as Scenario  H&K – same as Scenario 1  Special Waste – 100% door to door collection. Dumping of waste from special markets not allowed at secondary collection points

Issues and Limitations of this combined system:  Highly sophisticated coordination system required for waste collection by fleet  Limited provision of collection of the occasional large quantity of waste generated by households, shops, offices, etc.

Summary Bin Free peri‐urban areas has been recommended for corridor 1 Peri‐urban areas with Improved Door Step and Optimized Secondary Collection System along with following additional points:

 Global Positioning System installation and use for route planning and monitoring should be initiated on a priority basis for efficient service and 100 percent coverage.  Easy transfer of waste from bins into the collection vehicle. Examples of low height loading vehicles  Strict enforcement of compliance by municipal/ contracted staff should be ensured as per the proposed standard operating procedures to be prepared by Mainaiting Companyincluding use of safety kit and protective gear for workers.

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 A comprehensive MIS including maps of areas swept by each sweeper, placing of litter bins, cleaning schedule, human resource management, etc. should be prepared. This MIS should be used for planning and managing daily activities and for monitoring the quality of work.  Standard operating procedures (SOP) should be prepared for carrying out street sweeping activities. The SOP should provide minute details regarding the correct ways/ methods to carry out all tasks involved in street sweeping and collection of waste from litter bins.  Proper training and capacity building should be done of a street sweeping staff to ensure compliance with the proposed Standard Operating Procedures (SOP).  Any staffing or infrastructural deficiencies should be fulfilled as per requirements.  Regular health check‐ups for all municipal/ contracted staff should be done in addition to the provision of medical and insurance against occupational hazards.  Timings of street sweeping should be planned to improve the efficiency of sweeping and cause minimum inconvenience to citizens. Night sweeping on arterial, sub arterial land other major roads (without causing inconvenience to residents) should be initiated using mechanised road vacuum sweeping machines, while other neighbourhood level roads can be cleaned during the day.  Utmost care should be taken to ensure the safety of workers and minimising occupational hazards by strict enforcement (including fines in case of violations) for use of proper gear (including reflective jackets) and appropriate equipment’s. Design improvements should be done to protective gear and equipment’s.  Manual handling of waste should be completely stopped by improving the design of secondary bins and/or by creating ramps for emptying handcarts from a convenient height w.r.t. container opening.  Interdepartmental coordination should be done to ensure proper paving of unpaved areas/areas prone to water collection, etc. to improve results achieved by street sweeping  Strict human resource management should be enforced to prevent any unauthorised sub‐ contracting of street sweeping activities by workers.

13.5 LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

There is no existing sewerage system in all peri‐urban areas. There are sewage treatment plants existing in urban area of Dehradun, Haridwar, and Rishikesh in corridor 1. These STP’s are not connected with any of the towns of Peri‐urban area and also not receiving any septage from the Peri‐urban towns.

Details of the existing sewage treatment plant are given below:

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Map 13: Existing Locations of STP in Uttrakhand

Table 83: Existing STP Details in Uttarakhand

Installed Capacity in Avg. Quantity of Percentage Utilised Districts ULBS STP Sewer Received (in (%) (in MLD) MLD) Kargi 68 12 17.65 Motharawala I 20 12 60 Indranagar 5 1 20 Dehradu Jakhan doon 1 0.3 30 n Vihar Salawala 0.71 0.3 42.25 Vijay Colony 0.42 0.3 71.43 Motharawala I 20 0 0 Jagjeetpur I 18 18 100 Haridwar Jagjeetpur II 27 27 100 Sarat 18 18 100 Source: PeyJal Nigam, Uttarakhand

The above table presents that the existing STPs are not being fully utilized at various locations. Therefore these underutilized STPs can be utilize to treat Fecal sludge generating from peri‐urban areas of growth corridorby providing infrastructure and transportation facility upto short term plan

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(year 2038). Once these STPs are fully utilized, it is proposed that separate Fecal STP/s be constructed for proper treatment of sludge generated from septic tanks.

However for long term design period new STPs will have to be provided for which construction cost has been worked out and placed at relevant chapter.

For the short terms proposal consultant has proposed Separate Management for corridor till towns are not having proper sewerage system. For the long term proposal proper sewerage system with sewage treatment plant in the PeriUrban Towns.

13.5.1 Proposal SLWM ‐ Septage Management

Peri‐urban areas are dependent on onsite systems like septic tanks and pits for the disposal of septage. But in many onsite systems, limited attention has been accorded to proper construction, operation and maintenance, and the management of septage generated. Despite the Environment Protection Act, 1986 forbidding disposal of waste into water bodies, septage is dumped anywhere and everywhere, polluting water sources (both groundwater and surface‐water), leading to severe health implications. It is recognized that septage management is essential to achieve corridor‐wide sanitation, as peri urban towns are dependent on onsite sanitation systems (OSS).

According to the World Bank (2006), approximately 50% of the population in India lives in unhygienic situations. Among the 350 million urban residents in India, 206 million (58.8 %) urban households do not have access to a drainage network, only 102 million (29 % of the urban population) are connected to septic tanks, and 60 million (17%) use pit or vault latrines34 . Even though there are over 160 million OSS in Indian cities, there are no septage management programs or treatment facilities in the country (NUSP, 2008).

There is enough evidence to show that faecal sludge and septage management is not only affordable and sustainable as compared to centralized sewerage system but can also be implemented quickly to make cities clean and healthy.

Cities have already started to face the consequences of growing septage mismanagement, with overflowing drains during rains, and faecal waste polluting groundwater. A policy on FSSM launched by MoUD in February 2017 clearly recognizes the fact that sewerage networks alone cannot help achieve citywide sanitation

The policy aims to facilitate the nationwide implementation of FSSM services in all ULBs and to set the context, priorities, and direction for safe and sustainable sanitation in each and every household in India. Some key features of the policy are as follows:

• State‐level guidelines, framework, objectives, timelines and implementation plans to address septage management. • Formulating strategy at the Central level to initiate capacity‐building for training on FSSM. • Creating a sanitation benchmark framework which can be used by ULBs to develop a database and registry of certified onsite sanitation system, and a robust reporting format. • Funding for the facilitation of FSSM projects and encouragement to increase public‐private

34 National Institute of Urban Affairs, estimated in 2005 that 26% of all urban households have a septic tank

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partnerships (PPP). • Achieving integrated citywide sanitation along with safe disposal.

Benefits of septage management over a conventional sewerage system depicts that septage management, once implemented, can prove to be a sustainable step towards citywide sanitation due to its advantages over conventional sewerage systems.

Figure 24: Benefits of septage management over a conventional sewerage system

Septage or septic tank waste refers to the partially treated matter stored in and pumped out of a septic tank. In other words, faecal sludge from septic tanks is known as septage, but faecal sludge and septage are interchangeably used in India. Septage is a by‐product of pre‐treatment of household wastewater in a septic tank where it accumulates over time. It is generally pumped out of a septic tank or onsite sanitation system using a vacuum tanker.

Faecal sludge (Septage) is the slurry that contains both solid and liquid waste that accumulates in onsite sanitation systems (OSS) e.g. septic tanks. It is raw or partially digested slurry that results from the collection, storage or treatment of combinations of excreta and black water, with or without grey water. Usually, septic tank retains 60–70 per cent of the solids, oil and grease that enter it. The scum accumulates on the top and the sludge settles to the bottom, comprising 20–50 per cent of the total volume of the septic tank. Offensive odour and appearance are the most prominent characteristics of septage. It is a host of many disease‐causing organisms along with the significant level of grease, grit, hair and debris.

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Septage has three main components: Scum: The layer of solids formed by wastewater constituents that float to the surface of a tank or reactor (such as oil, grease, hair or any other light material).

Effluent: The liquid fraction collected in between scum and sludge in a septic tank is known as effluent, sometimes also referred to as a supernatant.

Sludge: Solids which collect at the bottom of the tank. Sewage vs septage Sewage is untreated wastewater which contains faeces and urine, this wastewater gets conveyed through the sewerage system. Generally, grey water from the kitchen and bathroom also becomes part of sewage. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) of sewage ranges from 150– 350 mg/l and all sewage treatment plants are designed for this load. Septage is slurry, it is emptied out of septic tanks and is much more concentrated than sewage; for example, BOD of septage ranges from 1,000–20,000 mg/l. Faecal sludge It is the solid or settled contents of pit latrines and septic tanks. It is raw or partially digested, slurry or in a semisolid form, it results from the collection, storage or treatment of combinations of excreta and black water, with or without grey water. It differs from sludge produced in municipal waste water treatment plants.

Faecal sludge vs septage: There appears to be a very thin line between septage and faecal sludge. Septage is limited to septic tanks, and has already undergone partial digestion, whereas faecal sludge includes contents from other onsite technologies, including septic tanks, and may or may not be digested. Given the number of countries in the region and ULBs in India that uses the term ‘septage’ to describe waste in onsite sanitation.

Treatment Process Faecal sludge (septage) management involves the collection, treatment and proper disposal/ reuse. Efficient faecal sludge (septage) management include the safe disposal of the treated septage.

Collection it is the safe removal of septage from on‐site sanitation systems. In urban areas different situations prevail that facilitates or restricts the collection of septage from septic tanks. There is a variety of OSS in urban/ small towns and cities wherein the rate of septage generation will vary and thus influence the collection.

Transportation it is taking septage from source to treatment facility. Most commonly in urban areas of India de‐ sludging trucks, mounted tractors; vacuum trucks are used to collect the septage. The size and design vary across India for transport vehicles and are mostly indigenously assembled. For inaccessible areas, small‐sized vaccutug, are more convenient for de‐sludging septage.

Treatment Septage can be treated in a variety of ways that is best suitable for the region. There are varieties of options that can be appropriately selected considering factors like cost and reuse possibilities. The quality and quantity of septage desludged from on‐site systems also affect the selection of treatment option. Land application, co‐treatment at STP, natural treatment options and dewatering

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM and co‐composting with solid waste are some of the common and easily adaptable treatment options.

Treatment at sewage treatment plants Co‐treatment of septage along with domestic sewage at a sewage treatment plant (STP) is a feasible and acceptable alternative for septage treatment. Though septage is much concentrated in its strength than the domestic sewage, its constituents are similar to municipal wastewater. Sewage treatment plant should have adequate capacity in order to accept the septage without hampering the normal functioning of other processes. Septage has the potential to cause a negative impact on the performance of the plant, if the facilities are not planned and designed to deal with the septage. It may be necessary to increase treatment plant aeration capacity as a result of direct septage discharge. Therefore, additional organic loads due to the inclusion of septage could lead to the requirement of facility expansion or up‐gradation of the plant to cater to the excess waste. The main approaches to treating septage at a sewage treatment plant are: • Septage addition to nearest sewer manhole‐ Septage could be added to a sewer upstream of the sewage treatment plant, and substantial dilution of septage occurs prior to it reaching the sewage treatment plant, depending on the volume of sewage flowing in the sewer. • Septage addition to STP‐ Septage could be added to sewage immediately upstream of the screening and grit removal processes. It is economical because of the very simple receiving station design and also allows the wastewater treatment plant staff to have control of the septage discharge • Septage addition to sludge digesters/sludge drying beds‐ Septage could be processed with the sludge processing units of STP. Disposal / reuse

The humus produced after composting can be used as a soil conditioner. Septage can also be used as an energy resource. There are some international and national examples where experiments have been conducted to generate energy from Septage.

Neither local authorities nor water supply authorities in India have adequate capital or leverage to finance expensive sewer networks or sewage/septage collection and treatment facilities. Thus, major sanitation improvements are dependent on a mix of government funding, external assistance and increased user charges. Project design should incorporate institutional building and financial viability. Obtaining funds and enacting necessary reforms (e.g., linking revenues with expenditures) requires careful negotiation and cooperation between local stakeholders, especially when elected officials are sensitive to popular concerns regarding tariffs. Multi‐sourcing of funds can be used to effectively reduce the funding requirements of ULBs by encouraging project investment and O&M costs. Septage extracted from on‐site treatment systems such as septic tanks is dependent on the design and frequency of emptying of septage from the septic tank. The following calculation shows how to find the sludge generation rate from a septic tank where excreta and domestic wastewater are treated together. Flow rate of water: 135 L/person/day Septage generation rate: 135 L/person/day × 200 mg/L × 10 ‐ 3 = 27 g/person/day

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Detailed Calculation for each peri urban town is mentioned in Annexure 4. 35 Septage collection trucks are available in a range of different capacities. It is necessary to select an appropriate truck according to the roads, traffic conditions, and transportation efficiency. In many cases, a large tank truck is used for a medium‐ to a large‐scale treatment facility, because a large amount of septage is extracted at once. The facility shall have a truck waiting for space to avoid congestion when the septage delivery may be intensive in a certain time slot. The model format for calculating the number of trucks required for servicing 100,000 populations is about 14 trucks (Page no 40). 36

35http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Advisory%20Note%20on%20Septage%20Management%20in%20Urban%20India.pdf 36http://cpheeo.gov.in/upload/uploadfiles/files/Advisory%20Note%20on%20Septage%20Management%20in%20Urban%20India.pdf

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM CHAPTER 14 : INVESTMENT NEEDED AND FINANCING PLANS (WITH 10/15 YEAR STAGES)

Capital cost for each components of the proposed water supply, sanitation and SLWM schemes for each peri‐urban areas included in each corridor has been derived on the current standard scheduled of rates (SOR) applicable in the state of Uttarakhand. Additionally NCRPB guideline, CPCB norms, UJS/UJN schedule of rates and prevailing market rates have been adopted in case of non‐availability in the schedule and for rates for spcialised items.

14.1 BLOCK COST ESTIMATE REFERENCES

Block cost estimate based on UJS/UJN documents, MoUD, Govt India Norms, CPHEEO manual and other DPRs prepared for the relevant sectors.

For the block cost estimate consultant has adopted two methods: 2. Data taken from Govt of Uttrakhand has adopted new improved water policy for peri urban areas of the State in 2019. And total cost calculated based on the population 3. Block cost estimate prepared for onePeriUrban town and cost calculated based on the network length Following references has been used for Block Cost estimates:

Water Supply: CPHEEO Manual, Water Policy, Uttrakhand Govt National Capital Region Planning Board: Guidelines

SLWM CPHEEO Manual, Financial Requirements ofurban Sanitation in India: Water and Sanitation Program:Guiding Note National Capital Region Planning Board: Guidelines 14.2 WATER SUPPLY

14.2.1 Short Term Block Cost Estimate

Short term block cost estimate prepared based on basic water modelling for three towns, one for each corridor and calculated a rough cost estimate for the short term. A detailed sheet for cost estimate is attached in annexure 5 (Cost Estimate Calculation). Cost estimate for each corridor based on road length has been described in below table. The total length of the town has been calculated based on the existing road network and addition for undeveloped area road network. Undeveloped area road length has been considered as 7 km per sqr km.

The short term investment is included distribution network for 30 years, and OHT & E&M work for 15 years demand.

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In Master Plan tube well scheme has been proposed for Mid‐Year and cost estimate for each corridor is given below.

Table 84: Short Term Cost – Water Supply

Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) S. No. Town Name Population (2053) Block Cost Estimate 1 Dhalwala 56811 3634 2 Raipur 89227 5708 3 Natthanpur 46988 3006 4 Natthuwa Wala 56514 3615 5 Rishikesh Dehat 102591 6563 6 Gumaniwala 27966 1789 7 Pratitnagar 32577 2084 8 Haripur Kalan 49312 3155 9 Kharak Mafi‐ Rishikesh 22744 1455 10 Jeevan garh 58590 3748 11 Mehuwala Mafi 261631 16737 12 Central Hope Town 151583 4849 56343 10% extra as project will start in year 2021 61976.75

Corridor No 2 (INR ‐ Lakhs) S. No. Town Name Population (2053) Block Cost Estimate 1 Saidpura 18014 1428 2 Bangherimahabtpur 25763 2042 3 Nagala Imarti 15013 1190 4 Dhandera 74707 5922 5 Mohanpur Mohammadpur 39928 3165 6 Rawali Mahdood 66661 5284 7 Bahadrabad 54322 4306 8 Jagjeetpur 102609 8133 31470 10% extra as project will start in year 2021 34617

Corridor No 3 (INR ‐ Lakhs) S. No. Town Name Population (2053) Block Cost Estimate 1 Fatehpur Range 65792 6039 2 Mukhani 60605 5563 3 Haldwani Talli 18155 1666 4 Bithoriya No. 1 42121 3866 5 Kusumkhera 21635 1986 6 Bamori Talli Bandobasti 18568 1704

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7 Gaujajali Uttar 27505 2525 23349 10% extra as project will start in year 2021 25683.9

Total Short Term Water Suply Cost Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 61976.75 Corridor No 2 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 34617.00 Corridor No 3 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 25683.90 Total Cost in INR ‐ Lakhs 122277.65 Total Cost in INR ‐ Crore 1222.7765 Total Cost in INR ‐ Crore ‐ Say 1225

14.2.2 Long Term Block Cost Estimate

As stated above,a separate DPR has been prepared for the Dam/River Water Supply for corridor 1 and 3. DPR has been prepared considering WTP and Gravity main to the main town. For the long term block cost estimate purpose, OHT requirement, and approximately rising main length from WTP has been considered. Detailed DPR need to prepare about economical diameter, route survey, route alignment, for the connecting all peri urban towns with proposed WTP location for their corridor. Velocity in the rising main is assumed as 1 m/s and diameter for the rising main has been for the connection from proposed WTP to Periurban area.

Cost consideration: Rising main Rate Analysis: SOR ‐ Uttrakhand Rate Ground Lever Reservoir: SOR ‐ Uttrakhand Rate Pumping Station: 20 Lakhs per MLD Over Head Tank: SOR ‐ Uttrakhand Rate Rainy well: 20 Lakhs per MLD Table 85: Long Term Cost – Water Supply

Corridor No OHT CWR Pump Rising main Rainywell/WTP Total Corridor no 1 470 337 2622 4610 3278 11317 Corridor no 2 301 140 771 265 1180 2656 Corridor no 3 259 117 617 1045.00 826 2038 Total Cost 16012

Corridor No Short Term Cost Long Term Cost Total Cost Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 61976.75 11317 73294 Corridor No 2 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 34617 2656 37273 Corridor No 3 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 25683.9 2038 27722

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Total Water Supply Cost (INR ‐ Lakhs) 138289 Total Water Supply Cost (INR ‐ Crores) 1382.89 For detailed cost please refer to annexure 5.

14.3 CREDIBLE FINANCING SOURCES FOR WSS INVESTMENTS

The GoUK is committed to achieving ambitious water supply and sanitation goals by 2030, including expanding access to and improving quality of services in rural, urban and peri urban areas. With State Government strapped for cash, the sector will be unable to satisfy the growing demand through traditional approaches. A paradigm shift is needed to attract more money to the sector, and it starts with changing the way public money is spent. Changing the way the State Government approaches meeting its water‐related vision can help in two ways. First, by taking a holistic view of sector reform, the major foundational issues—utility performance and governance and institutions—that have stifled the sector for decades can be tackled. Second, by taking a Maximizing Finance for Development (MFD) approach, the funds can be used as positive incentive, turning what used to be a perverse subsidy into a tool to leverage commercial finance.

THE WSS SECTOR FUNDING SOURCES: Tariffs (customer fees and investments by households), Transfers (grants from donors and chartable institutions) and taxes (provided as Government subsidies and grants to utilities). Traditional revenue sources for the WSS sector

Source:‐Goksu, Amanda, Alex Bakalian, Bill Kingdom, Gustavo Saltiel, Yogita Mumssen, Gerard Soppe, Joel Kolker, and Vicky Delmon. 2019. “Reform and Finance for the Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Sector.” World Bank, Washington, DC.

State Government and Central Government funding to utilities is generally either transferred for building new infrastructure (Capital Subsidies) or for covering the gap between operating revenues and costs (operational subsidies). Government of India also relies on some form of repayable

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM financing in the form of Official Development Assistance (ODA). The GoI often uses “soft loans” from multilateral development banks like the World Bank, ADB offered at below market interest rates. These soft loans are the most affordable form of repayable finance for a hilly State like Uttarakhand. Multilateral Development Banks account for a large share of water sectors finance in Uttarakhand. The GoUK has implemented two World Bank supported RWSS projects: (i) The Swajal Project (1996‐ 2003), (ii) URWSSP (2006‐15). Currently a third World Bank assisted project for peri urban areas ‘Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for peri urban areas’ is under implementation (2018‐23). The ADB supported Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program is under implementation in select urban areas of the State. It is evident that the large share of Water sector is through external aid sources. A Second type of repayable finance is offered at market rates. This includes micro finance, bonds, equity and commercial bank loan. More market oriented finance from the private sector will be harder to attract but is required to be explored for water supply, sanitation and SLWM investments in peri urban areas. In line with global practices, the Water Supply and Sanitation Sector (WSS) must also tap into private markets, whether through public private partnership (PPPs), Bonds, microfinance or other forms of commercial finance for most of the investment needs for meeting the water supply, sanitation and SLWM in peri urban areas. The Local Bodies/Service Provider should accelerate their effort towards financing their operations and maintenance costs from user fees. This can be achieved through a combination of (a) improving customer database; (b) computerized billing and collection; (c) metering of water supply; (d) reducing Non‐Revenue Water (NRW) and (e) adopting volumetric tariffs. Water audits and energy audits are critical for reducing inefficiencies. Other options, including development charges, can also be explored for financing.

14.4 SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT

14.4.1 Septage System (Short Term)

In light of the NUSP andadvisory on septage (MoUD, 2012), it is assumed that cities would create septage treatment facilities to manage the treatment of septagefrom toilets connected to septic tanks.

Different sources of finances are relevant across the sanitation service chain. While the toilet construction and maintenance is taken care by the households themselves, desludging service is often provided by local governments or private sector enterprises. On the other hand, treatment infrastructure is mainly funded through public funds. Overall the financing requirements for FSSM capital investments are not very large. For the block cost estimate 600 INR/Capita 37 has been considered, that’s includes collection, transportation and tretmetment of Fecal Sludge.

37https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/Financial%20Requirements%20of%20Urban%20Sanitation%20in%20India.pdf

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(a) COSTS The unit cost for septage management has been taken from MoUD where available. The per capita has been taken from the HPEC estimate38 which has been worked from JNNURM CDP data

14.4.2 Sewerage system (Long Term):

The unit costs for sewerage networks and treatment have been taken from MoUD where available. The network cost (per capita) has been taken from the HPEC estimate which has been worked from JNNURM CDP data.

C. CITY-WIDE ASSETS Sewerage Adopted Unit Costs - Capex Per Household MOUD norm 1 Comprehensive Sewerage Project 19,980 (Network+Pumping+Treatment)39

Table 86: Short and Long Term Cost – Solid and Liquid Waste

Corridor no 1 Combined Year Population Cost in Lakhs (Short Term) Cost in Lakhs (LongTerm) 2018 383771 2303 2023 488668 935 2028 558431 847 2033 621967 938 2038 680243 1042 27200 2043 736089 2250 2048 790748 0 2150 2053 844440 0 2150 6065 33750

38https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/Financial%20Requirements%20of%20Urban%20Sanitation%20in%20India.pdf 39 https://www.wsp.org/sites/wsp/files/publications/Financial%20Requirements%20of%20Urban%20Sanitation%20in%20India.pdf

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6065 33750

Solid and Liquid Waste Management Corridor No Short Term Cost Long Term Cost Total Cost Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 6065 33750 39815 Corridor No 2 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 1923 9950 11873 Corridor No 3 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 1646 8550 10196 Total SLWM Cost (INR ‐ Lakhs) 61884 Total SLWM Cost (INR Crores) Say 619.00

Total Investment for Liquid Waste Management: 619.00 Crores

Projected Financial Requirements

The projected financial requirement for the provision of sanitation is presented in below table for Septage management. The financial requirement is detailed for each plan period. Capital expenditure is estimated for new construction and transportation requirement, septage collection and treatment and for household sanitation.

Over the 2021‐38 periods, the financial requirement for the proposed capital expenditure (including programmatic support) makes up about INR 96 Crores. The wastewater collection network and treatment systems for peri urban town in 2053 will be 522 Crores (in INR)

14.5 SOLID AND LIQUID WASTE MANAGEMENT

14.5.1 SLWM

Commonly only the expenditure directly incurred by the municipal agencyis considered while calculating the cost of solid waste management. However,rationally the “Cost of SWM” should also

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Table 87: Short and Long Term Cost – Solid Waste Management

CORRIDOR NO 1 Total (2018‐ 2023‐ 2028‐ 2033‐ 2038‐ 2043‐ 2048‐ Particulars 2053) 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 Equipment & Vehicles (Collection & Transportation) (INR Lakhs )

Containerized Push Carts for D2D Collection 55.90 7.40 8.40 9.20 9.80 10.30 10.80

Auto Tippers for D2D Collection 42.50 15.00 2.50 2.50 15.00 5.00 2.50

Push Carts for Street sweeping 230.30 38.00 38.20 38.30 38.50 38.60 38.70

Litter Bins 75.86 12.50 12.58 12.64 12.68 12.72 12.74

Closed Containers (3 m3 capacity) 97.50 25.50 3.00 28.00 5.00 29.50 6.50

Dumper Placers (twin containers of 3 m3) 54.00 24.00 ‐ ‐ 30.00 ‐ ‐

Closed Containers (4.5 m3 capacity) 84.50 22.10 2.60 24.70 3.90 26.00 5.20

Dumper Placers (twin containers of 4.5 m3) 54.00 27.00 ‐ ‐ 27.00 ‐ ‐

Total ‐ Collection & Transportation 694.56 171.50 67.28 115.34 141.88 122.12 76.44 Landfill Facility Equipment

Backhoe Loader 40.00 20.00 20.00

Bull Dozer 120.00 60.00 60.00 Sub‐total 160.00 80.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 80.00 Civil Works

Landfill Cell Development 489.16 58.93 63.88 67.75 71.11 103.98 123.51 Other infrastructure (roads, drains, fencing, building, etc. 53.50 28.62 24.88

Sub‐total 542.66 87.55 63.88 67.75 71.11 128.86 123.51

Total ‐ Landfill Facility 702.66 167.55 63.88 67.75 71.11 208.86 123.51 Compost Plant

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Total (2018‐ 2023‐ 2028‐ 2033‐ 2038‐ 2043‐ 2048‐ Particulars 2053) 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 Equipment

Backhoe Loader 40.00 20.00 20.00

Tipper Truck 48.00 24.00 24.00

Tipper Tractor 16.00 16.00

Water Tanker (3000 ltr) 6.00 3.00 3.00 Weight Bridge (20 MT) 20.00 10.00 10.00

Plant & Machinery 200.00 100.00 100.00

Sub‐total 330.00 173.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 157.00 Civil Works Internal roads, drains, tipping floor, office building, store, etc. 75.00 75.00 ‐

Total ‐ Compost Plant 405.00 248.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 157.00 ‐

Total 1,802.22 587.05 131.16 183.09 212.99 487.98 199.95

CORRIDOR NO 2

Total (2018‐ 2023‐ 2028‐ 2033‐ 2038‐ 2043‐ 2048‐ Particulars 2023) 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 Equipment & Vehicles (Collection & Transportation) (INR – Lakhs)

Containerized Push Carts for D2D Collection 55.90 7.40 8.40 9.20 9.80 10.30 10.80

Auto Tippers for D2D Collection 42.50 15.00 2.50 2.50 15.00 5.00 2.50

Push Carts for Street sweeping 230.30 38.00 38.20 38.30 38.50 38.60 38.70

Litter Bins 75.86 12.50 12.58 12.64 12.68 12.72 12.74

Closed Containers (3 m3 capacity) 71.00 18.50 2.00 20.50 3.50 21.50 5.00

Dumper Placers (twin containers of 3 m3) 42.00 18.00 ‐ ‐ 18.00 6.00 ‐

Closed Containers (4.5 m3 capacity) 61.75 16.25 1.95 17.55 3.25 18.85 3.90

Dumper Placers (twin containers of 4.5 m3) 45.00 18.00 ‐ ‐ 18.00 9.00 ‐

Total ‐ Collection & Transportation 624.31 143.65 65.63 100.69 118.73 121.97 73.64 Landfill Facility Equipment

Backhoe Loader 40.00 20.00 20.00

Bull Dozer 120.00 60.00 60.00 Sub‐total 160.00 80.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 80.00 Civil Works

Landfill Cell Development 356.47 42.39 46.04 49.12 51.79 76.30 90.84 Other infrastructure (roads, drains, fencing, building, etc. 38.99 20.71 18.28

Sub‐total 395.46 63.10 46.04 49.12 51.79 94.58 90.84

Total ‐ Landfill Facility 555.46 143.10 46.04 49.12 51.79 174.58 90.84 Compost Plant Equipment

Backhoe Loader 40.00 20.00 20.00

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Total (2018‐ 2023‐ 2028‐ 2033‐ 2038‐ 2043‐ 2048‐ Particulars 2023) 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053

Tipper Truck 48.00 24.00 24.00

Tipper Tractor 16.00 16.00

Water Tanker (3000 ltr) 6.00 3.00 3.00

Weight Bridge (20 MT) 20.00 10.00 10.00

Plant & Machinery 200.00 100.00 100.00

Sub‐total 330.00 173.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 157.00 Civil Works Internal roads, drains, tipping floor, office building, store, etc. 75.00 75.00 ‐

Total ‐ Compost Plant 405.00 248.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 157.00 ‐

Total 1,584.77 534.75 111.67 149.81 170.52 453.55 164.48

CORRIDOR NO 3 Total (2018‐ 2023‐ 2028‐ 2033‐ 2038‐ 2043‐ 2048‐ Particulars 2053) 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053 Equipment & Vehicles (Collection & Transportation) (INR – Lakhs )

Containerized Push Carts for D2D Collection 55.90 7.40 8.40 9.20 9.80 10.30 10.80

Auto Tippers for D2D Collection 42.50 15.00 2.50 2.50 15.00 5.00 2.50

Push Carts for Street sweeping 230.30 38.00 38.20 38.30 38.50 38.60 38.70

Litter Bins 75.86 12.50 12.58 12.64 12.68 12.72 12.74

Closed Containers (3 m3 capacity) 55.00 14.00 2.00 15.50 3.00 16.50 4.00

Dumper Placers (twin containers of 3 m3) 36.00 12.00 ‐ 6.00 12.00 ‐ 6.00

Closed Containers (4.5 m3 capacity) 48.75 12.35 1.95 13.65 2.60 14.30 3.90

Dumper Placers (twin containers of 4.5 m3) 36.00 18.00 ‐ ‐ 18.00 ‐ ‐

Total ‐ Collection & Transportation 580.31 129.25 65.63 97.79 111.58 97.42 78.64 Landfill Facility Equipment

Backhoe Loader 40.00 20.00 20.00

Bull Dozer 120.00 60.00 60.00

Sub‐total 160.00 80.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 80.00 Civil Works

Landfill Cell Development 279.40 32.59 35.63 38.08 40.19 60.46 72.46 Other infrastructure (roads, drains, fencing, building, etc. 30.56 16.02 14.54

Sub‐total 309.96 48.61 35.63 38.08 40.19 75.00 72.46

Total ‐ Landfill Facility 469.96 128.61 35.63 38.08 40.19 155.00 72.46 Compost Plant Equipment

Backhoe Loader 40.00 20.00 20.00

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Total (2018‐ 2023‐ 2028‐ 2033‐ 2038‐ 2043‐ 2048‐ Particulars 2053) 2028 2033 2038 2043 2048 2053

Tipper Truck 48.00 24.00 24.00

Tipper Tractor 16.00 16.00

Water Tanker (3000 ltr) 6.00 3.00 3.00

Weight Bridge (20 MT) 20.00 10.00 10.00 Plant & Machinery 200.00 100.00 100.00

Sub‐total 330.00 173.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 157.00 Civil Works Internal roads, drains, tipping floor, office building, store, etc. 75.00 75.00 ‐

Total ‐ Compost Plant 405.00 248.00 ‐ ‐ ‐ 157.00 ‐

Total 1,455.27 505.86 101.26 135.87 151.77 409.42 151.10

Solid Waste Management

Corridor No Short Term Cost Long Term Cost Total Cost Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 901 901 1802 Corridor No 2 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 796 789 1585 Corridor No 3 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 743 712 1455 Total SWM Cost 2441 2402 4842

Phasing of Financial Requirements The phasing of financial requirements estimated by the model over the plan periods predicates a steady movement towards sanitation provision and creation of network and treatment infrastructure. The anticipated investments total INR 4842.26 Lakhs INR over the 30year period.

14.6 SUMMARY FOR FUND REQUIREMENT

A summary for investment required is showed in below sub heads.

14.6.1 Total Cost

Water Supply SLWM SWM Short Term Long Term Short Term Long Term Short Term Long Term Corridor No Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Cost Corridor No 1 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 61977 11317 6065 33750 901 901 Corridor No 2 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 34617 2656 1923 9950 796 789 Corridor No 3 (INR ‐ Lakhs) 25684 2038 1646 8550 743 712 Total Cost 122278 16012 9634 52250 2441 2402

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Total Cost for Corridor INR Lakhs 205016 Total Cost in INR ‐ Crore 2051

14.7 OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE ARRANGEMENTS

At present UJS and UJN are taking care of the operation and maintainance of water supply and sewerage scheme in urban, peri‐urban and rural areas. It is felt that much more attention is necessary for proper operation and maintainance. There is a lot of scope for considering introduction of PPP in O&M of the system. PPP is one of the best tools to engaged the private sector to (i) complement government’s efforts ii) bring in operation efficiency iii) bing in customer oriented approach in services deleievry and bench mark service level. The Department of Drinking Water &Sanitation (DDWS) is the nodal department for water supply and sanitation services of urban, peri‐urban and rural areas of the state. All water supply and sanitation projects are implemented/coordinated by the DDWS so that the funds received from various sources are utilized optimally. The implementation arrangements for execution of projects/programs alongwith operation and maintenance arrangements for the urban, peri ‐urban and rural areas are embedded within the existing water supply and structure in the state. The State Water & Sanitation Mission (SWSM) under DDWS is the highest policy‐making body for the peri‐urban and rural water supply and sanitation sector. The key sector institutions for the water supply and sanitation sector are the Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam(UJN) and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS).The UJN is primarily engaged inthe construction of drinking water supply schemes and sewerage schemes in rural, peri‐urban and urban areas, whereas UJS is primarily carrying out functions of operation and maintenance (O&M) of these schemes. The UJS operates the schemes through its district teams and currently where there are no operators. However, going forward, UJN and UJS may hire operators to manage the schemes. UJN and UJS have already embarked on Design, Build and Operate (DBO) model in eight water supply schemes under execution in Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for Peri‐urban areas. Also, the GoUK, vide GO No 1369/19(2) 17‐2(36pey)/2012 dated 07th September, 2017 has decided that the implementing agency constructing the scheme shall be responsible for O&M of the scheme. This decision would help in addressing the life‐cycle costs and the related issue of poorly designed schemes. GoUK will modernize water supply sector by adopting a utility model for water supply service delivery to introduce autonomy, accountability and customer orientation. At present, even though the water supply agencies are separate entities (Nigam/ Sansthan) under separate Acts, their autonomy is limited in practice. In the proposed model, the agencies will continue as Government‐ owned but will have full financial and operational autonomy to carryout their role as a service delivery agency. Division/overlap of responsibilities between agencies will be eliminated and one agency will be fully accountable for meeting service delivery standards in a given geographical area. The agencies will be made fully responsible for all aspects of water supply, i.e planning; designing, contracting, construction; O & M; and customer service for their geographical area of operations. This structure would promote efficiency, accountability and promote competition amongst the implementing agencies; and within geographical units. The agencies will enter into performance agreements with GoUK which will specify outcomes and quality standards of program/ project components. Each geographical unit of the sector institutions will be managed as an independent and ring‐fenced unit and will have operational and financial autonomy, with clear monitoring and reporting of performance. Each unit will be fully responsible for all aspects of its performance such as bulk water

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM production; treatment where required; distribution; water quality management and water safety; customer service; leakage reduction; Revenue Collected; financial management; monitoring and reporting; and business planning. The sector institutions will develop an organizational structure and staffing schedule for each unit. Where required, the sector institutions will set up/ strengthen central support units such as IT, technology, water quality laboratories, master planning, training etc. The sector institutions will also establish an internal performance management system. Each geographical unit will be responsible for meeting its internal performance targets which will be derived from the service delivery and efficiency standards set for the sector institutions. A performance scorecard has already been approved by GoUK. An incentive system for individual geographical units will be developed by GoUK based on the performance scorecard. The regulatory system proposed in this policy will also link tariff and Government subsidies provided to the water sector institutions linked to their service delivery performance and efficiency. There are mainly three types of O&M arrangement in water supply and sanitation sector. :

 Concessions, Build-Operate-Transfer (BOT) and Design-Build-Operate (DBO) Projects  Utility Restructuring, Corporatization, Decentralization  Contract Plans / Performance Contracts

14.7.1 Concessions, Build‐Operate‐Transfer (BOT) and Design‐Build‐Operate (DBO) Projects

A Build Operate Transfer (BOT) Project is typically used to develop a discrete asset rather than a whole network and is generally entirely new or Greenfield in nature (although refurbishment may be involved). In a BOT Project, the project company or operator generally obtains its revenues through a fee charged to the utility/ government rather than tariffs charged to consumers. In common law countries, a number of projects are called concessions, such as toll road projects, which are new build and have a number of similarities to BOTs. In a Design‐Build‐Operate (DBO) Project the public sector owns and finances the construction of new assets. The private sector designs build and operate the assets to meet certainly agreed outputs. The documentation for a DBO is typically simpler than a BOT or Concession as there are no financing documents and will typically consist of a turnkey construction contract plus an operating contract, or a section added to the turnkey contract covering operations. The Operator is taking no or minimal financing risk on the capital and will typically be paid a sum for the design‐ build of the plant, payable in instalments on completion of construction milestones, and then an operating fee for the operating period. The operator is responsible for the design and the construction as well as operations and so if parts need to be replaced during the operations period prior to its assumed life span the operator is likely to be responsible for replacement. Concession contracts Concessions are a particularly attractive way of carrying out projects in the public interest when state or local authorities need to mobilise private capital and know‐how to supplement scarce public resources. Concession holders may construct and operate water supply, Sanitation and SLWM. 14.7.2 Performance Contracts

Whatever model of reform that is chosen for reforming public utilities, it has been found that these reforms can be made more effective if there is a performance contract in place between the utility and the government or regulator with incentives to meet and outperform that plan.

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The Uttarakhand Government has already embarked upon one type of PPP contract “DBO” where in the contractor is responsible for construction of scheme aswell as performance linked service delievery as per agreed service level benchmarks as applicable to urban areas.

General Features of Performance Contracts for PPPs Here are some general issues to consider in performance contracts:  Objectives of contract ‐ what are the objectives that the parties are trying to achieve ‐ important to specify as the contract is likely to be monitored (see below) and management incentives will depend on performance, these are likely to include:

o improved governance of utility; o restructuring of utility (using one of the forms discussed above), with the possibility of grooming for private sector involvement; o financial objectives (making utility financially viable and credit worthy); o extending service area or connections; o developing customer awareness on usage; o improving billing and customer service; o improving operations ‐ reducing informal connections, leakage, improving maintenance and rehabilitation; o develop a capital expenditure program for new investment and major renewals; o human resources management ‐ improving productivity and/or reduction in overall staff, recruitment, retention and training of staff, rationalizing reward system; o management effectiveness ‐ appraisal scheme, incentive scheme and training; o transparency in accounting and in operations ‐ ensuring performance standards and objectives arereached; o IT objectives;  Performance criteria ‐ against which performance of utility in achieving objectives will be measured ‐ these may be developed over time by review committee;  Government support ‐

o Existing debt ‐ if it is unfeasible forthe utility to service existing debt, rescheduling or assumption of debt by the government; o subsidies (general or specific to new connections etc) and conditions attached to them;  Tariff policy ‐ review of existing policy and proposal of amendments (Should govern bythe developer);  Provision of information to Government ‐ ensure transparency ‐ accounts, investment plans, performance records, etc.;  Approval procedures ‐ for expenditure above certain thresholds ‐ process for approval by government or other responsible entity;  Performance contract management ‐ review committee established with representatives from Government and from the utility (and other stakeholders) to review the performance of utility and to set performance levels as review processes are completed and more information is established;  Sanctions on utility for failure to meet performance standards.  The key problem in the water and sanitation sector in India is the near absence of its linkage with investment decision making and pricing. Most finances for water and sanitation systems come from State Governments, who have kept the tariff level much below the desired level. Although State Governments are now permitted to delegate tariff setting to local bodies, in some States uniform tariffs are still set at the State level only. Under such diverse institutional arrangements, achieving financial sustainability for water and sanitation utilities becomes difficult. In the absence of political will to change the system,

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willingness to change remains the greaterobstacle than a willingness to pay. Private developers should allow reasonable changes in tariff charges. STANDARDISED SERVICE LEVEL BENCHMARKS

List of SSLBs has to choose, so as to reflect multiple facets of service delivery performance. SSLBs for which detailed data sheets are provided are: Water Supply: As water supply is a basic need, the emphasis has been laid on performance related to reach and access to quality service; and prevalence and effectiveness of the systems to manage the water supply networks. As financial sustainability is critical for continued effectiveness in service delivery, performance is measured on this aspect too. Indicators selected are: . Coverageof water supply connections . Per capita supply of water . Extent of metering of water connections . Extent of Non‐Revenue Water . Continuity of water supply . Efficiency in the redressal of customer complaints . Qualityof water supplied . Cost recovery in water supply services . Efficiencyinthe collectionofwatersupplyrelatedcharges

Waste‐water management (Sewerage and Sanitation): For waste water‐management, performance related to reaching and access of the service, the effectiveness of the network and environmental sustainability have been emphasized, apart from financial sustainability of operations. Indicators selected are: . Coverage of toilets . Coverage of waste water network services . Collection efficiency of waste water network . Adequacy of waste water treatment capacity . Quality of waste water treatment . Extent of reuse and recycling of waste water . Extent of cost recovery in waste water management . Efficiency inredressal of customer complaints . Efficiency incollection of sewerage related charges

SolidWaste Management: Performance related to reach and access, the effectiveness of network operations and environmental sustainability has been considered, apart fromthe financial sustainability ofoperations. Indicators selected are: . Household level coverage of Solid Waste Management services . Efficiency of collection of municipal solid waste . Extent of segregation of municipal solid waste . Extent of municipal solid waste recovered . Extent of scientific disposal of municipal solid waste . Extent of cost recovery in Solid Waste Management services . Efficiency inredressal of customer complaints . Efficiency incollection of SWM related user related charges

14.8 FINANCIAL/FUNDING DEVELOPMENT

Government of India is the primary finance source for water and sanitation projects whereas state government is secondary finance source.

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Despite increased funding to the sector over the past decade, there remain considerable gaps between the projected investments and current sources of financing, and there is a clear need for increased funding in the sector. However, given that it is not clear what the available quantum funding would be, it is also necessary to re‐examine cost envelopes. Finally, the funding of O & M costs merits equal attention.

Thus, the emergent priorities on the financing side are:  Increased investment for water and sanitation  Rationalizing cost envelopes, through lower‐cost technology, and phased improvements  Rationalizing O & M costs through lower‐cost technologies  Appropriate tariff revision, with adequate safeguards for the poor

14.8.1 Phasing out of Operating Subsidies

State Government should set a reasonable deadline in short/medium term for phasing out operating subsidies in water supply operations and cause the service provider to recover their cash operating costs through user charges. However, a reasonable subsidy for minimum lifeline consumption maybe built in the tariff structure, along with cross‐subsidies from other customers. Usually, the minimum lifeline consumption is taken as 0‐6KL/month/household.

14.8.2 Operation and Maintenance and Cost Recovery

The objective of an efficient O&M of a water supply system is to provide safe and clean drinking water in adequate quantity, at adequate pressure at convenient location and time and as economically as possible on a sustainable basis. The O&M Guidelines will encompass various issues for effective O&M. The guidelines will aid in strengthening the technical, operational and managerial capabilities.

Cost recovery policies will target full recover of O & M costs which will include but not limited to: (i) cost of spare parts, pipes and fixtures for repair/replacement; (ii) cost of electricity and other fuel, cost of chemicals/ lubricants/consumables and (iii) cost of manpower involved including labour (salary and benefits of full time/part time staff for operation); (iv) payments to contractors engaged in providing support to operation; (v) watch and ward staff; (vi) casual labourer for maintenance works; (vii) the cost of vehicles for staff mobility; (viii) metering, billing and collection and (ix) cost of routine replaces and repairs. The transparent accounting of income and expenditure of each peri‐urban area will be maintained. The O&M cost shall be realized on the basis of an affordable tariff as per urban water supply standards through user charges and in certain cases government subsidies will be given by the government to operate and maintain water supply schemes in a financially viable model. Financial sustainability of services will be insured while giving due consideration to the needs of economically weaker sections.

The O&M cost will improve and subsidies will get reduced over time through the following measures:‐

 Periodic review of the volumetric tariff.  Built‐in indexation of 9 percent to 15 percent per annum.  NRW reduction for water distribution management along with water audits/leak detection programs.

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 Adoption of appropriate PPP model for accountable services.  Reduction in overall energy consumption by using Energy Efficient Equipments and annual energy audit by a certified energy auditor.  Increase in a number of connections.  The imposition of water cess on the abstraction of groundwater by private parties.  Right to service Act 2011 will be applicable in these areas.

Each water supply scheme will have its own income and expenditure account based on modern accounting principles and a dedicated bank account into which revenues collected from the scheme and subsidies earmarked for the scheme are deposited.

Consumer satisfaction shall the topmost priority of the operation and maintenance utilities Complaint/suggestion cells shall be set up by the operation and maintenance agencies to enable the consumers to lodge complaints on aspects such as leakage and wastage of water, low pressure at consumer’s end, contamination/poor quality of water, pilferage of system components, malfunctioning of water meters, problems related to meter reading, payment of bills, etc. and suggestions, if any, for better performance of the system. At the same time, all such complaints received by the operation and maintenance agencies should be attended to within a reasonable time frame, so as to win the confidence of the consumers.

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CHAPTER 15 : ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL SAFEGUARDS

15.1 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

The state government has a well‐established system to manage environmental impacts. Regulations to address concerns of source sustainability, drainage, waste management, labour management and worker safety and conservation of protected areas are in place. Uttarakhand Pey‐ Jal Nigam (UJN) and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS) have demonstrated their ability to address different environmental issues by taking a number of innovative steps for reducing energy consumption and improving the sustainability of existing water supply systems.

Implementation of water supply and sanitation projects in Uttarakhand has, in the past required the implementation departments to work with a number of environmental regulations and take required permissions. Therefore, implementing agencies ‐ had the experience with and are familiar with a number of existing environmental safeguards requirements. The state also has well‐defined environmental guidelines and related infrastructure, including a network of approved water‐testing laboratories to check for water quality and residual chlorine.

The overall impact of the master plan on the environment and on human health is likely to be positive. Some of the environmental risks under the program are indicated below.

• Water quality. Presently, t h e corridor are getting water supply from ground water and there is no issue for water quality as per the water quality analysis conducted by the consultant. The availability of robust water quality data for groundwater sources is limited. However, sewer systems are largely unavailable in peri‐urban areas and residents depend upon septic tanks and pit latrines for their sanitation needs. If the septic tanks and pit latrines are not properly constructed, there could be some instances of faecal contamination in groundwater. In master plan, proposed surface water schemes are away from urban habitat and need proper treatment before supplying to end user.

• Groundwater abstraction. Most peri‐urban areas are dependent upon groundwater sources. The program is likely to improve service levels upto 135 lpcd. The Central Ground Water Board data suggest that none of the identified peri‐urban areas has any dark zones, making it safe to currently extract the groundwater. However, with rapid urbanization, development, and climate change, some decline in the existing aquifers may occur. This could create challenges for source sustainability in some cases, and may require catchment management measures. However, for the long term master plan has suggested surface water source for the corridor.

• Site management. The District Implementing Agencies (DIAs) hire contractors to construct the systems. All construction contracts include clauses for Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) and management of the construction site, including for waste management, erosion control, and site safety. To ensure that these clauses are followed, site supervision may need to be strengthened.

A few environmental challenges that may affect the program include the following:

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM • Some selected areas adjoining to the Uttarakhand Protected Areas (PAs) and eco‐sensitive zones; some activities may be restricted in these locations, and additional work permits may be required; • Increased water supply, particularly without well‐developed wastewater management, sanitation, and drainage systems, may lead to more water logging and subsequently arisein the incidents of vector diseases. As part of infrastructure development,environmental safeguards screening of all projects will be undertaken to identify environment‐related regulatory needs and actions required to ensure Environment, Health & safety aspects during design, construction and implementation stages; and monitor to ensure implementation of required actions from the screening actions. This is to be done by the implementing agencies responsible for implementation in each geographical area under the program.

15.2 SOCIAL SYSTEMS

1. The state government has robust systems, progressive policies, legislations, and comprehensive institutional mechanisms to address the social issues that may emerge from current implementation processes and from potential program investments.

2. The infrastructure will likely have positive social impacts on the lives and livelihoods of large vulnerable peri‐urban and rural communities that still do not receive optimal levels and quality of water supply, sewerage and SLWM services. The master plan is expected to help reduce drudgery for women and girls of the affected households, who otherwise are made responsible for organizing the drinking water supplies, sanitation and SLWM services for the family, and will have substantial positive impacts in terms of time‐saving, reduced morbidity, and reduced expenditure on health owing to improved water quality. Based on the present assessment, the overall social risks associated with the program are considered Moderate.

3. Uttarakhand existing policies related to differential tariffs and pricing and improving service levels, metering, and consumption‐based water pricing will help create a more equitable distribution of water supply services in peri‐urban areas.

15.3 ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATIONS

Environmental Protection Act (EPA), 1986 and EPA Notification, 2006. This act gives power to the central and state governments to protect and manage the environment and lay down standards as required. The EIA notification 2006 identifies a number of activities that may require an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and includes construction, expansion and modernization of Common Effluent Treatment Plants (CETPs) but not STP’s. Brick kilns within 200 m of the river are not permitted, and river sand mining without required permits and environmental clearance is banned under the EPA. In case of any work that may affect or is in eco‐ sensitive zones, clearance under the EPA will be required.

Guidelines for eco‐sensitive Zones, 2011‐Till states identify site‐specific eco‐sensitive zones, 10 km from national parks and sanctuaries are considered eco‐sensitive areas and protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and the EPA, 1986. Also, states may identify further eco‐sensitive zones for protection. All eco‐sensitive zones are to have specific management guidelines and each such zone or area needs to have guidelines to protect them.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Two eco‐sensitive zones have been identified in Uttarakhand, of which the Doon Valley is likely to be partially adjoining or be in the identified project area. However, Uttarakhand still needs to delineate eco‐sensitive zones/areas around PAs. Issues that could be relevant for this project may include discharge of effluents and solid waste on land or water bodies, and prohibition of movement of vehicular traffic at night. Felling of trees, the introduction of exotic species (which is unlikely under this project as planned infrastructure is to be limited to areas of a maximum of 10*10 mt., and in compounds of the department or other government lands and no landscaping is expected) and air and vehicular pollution are suggested to be regulated. Refer to annexes 4, 5, and 6 for general eco‐sensitive areas and zones and list of activities permitted, restricted, and prohibited according to the guidelines; the jurisdiction of the Doon Valley eco‐sensitive zone; and the list of all PAs.

Forests and biodiversity: India Forest Act, 1927, Forest Conservation Act (FCA), 1980, The India Forest (Uttaranchal Amendment) Act, 2002, and Uttar Pradesh Tree (Protection) Act, 1976 (Amendment 1998). Any tree and forest clearances and quarrying, including use/removal of forest products from reserved forests is only permitted after taking written permission from the Forest Officer or state government, as appropriate.. For any non‐forest activity in the forest area, including acquiring land, permission needs to be taken under these acts. For any forest clearance, reforestation activities would be according to the law. Within reserved forests, cutting or damaging trees, clearing land for any non‐forest purposes, and quarrying are not permitted. Similarly, in the case of forest land and waste land not belonging to the government, there are a number of activities regulated or prohibited and include clearing of vegetation. The FCA also identifies required procedures for clearances in case of the need to convert forest land for non‐forest purposes. The FCA is supported by the Forest Conservation Amendment Rules, 2004, that provide guidelines for transmission lines in forests and compensation for forest land diversion. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MOEF) guidelines dated October 16, 2000, suggest that certain infrastructure such as underground water pipelines may be allowed to be laid in areas governed under the FCA and specify certainty parameters for this. This permission is to be reviewed based upon the permission period.

Wild‐life (Protection) Act, 1972, and the Wild‐life (Protection) Amendment Bill, 2013‐ Under these acts, any damage or destruction of plants from notified forest land or area is prohibited. Also, permission for any entry or activity in a wildlife sanctuary is to be taken from the Chief Wildlife Warden of the area. PAs under this act are to be managed according to management plans identified for them. Any activity that may affect or be in eco‐sensitive zones may require clearance under this act.

Wetland (Conservation and Management) Rules, 2010‐ Activities such as water withdrawal; impounding, diversion, or interruption of water sources within the local catchment of the wetland ecosystem; or activities that may affect the ecological characteristics require state permission.

These regulations may be relevant to various project activities. The proximity of the planned project area to PAs and forest department land is relevant. For any pipelines in the forest areas, clearance under these acts and, if required, the wildlife and environmental protection act and following their guidelines would be required. Equally, any vegetation and tree clearance would be dictated by these regulations, and required permission should be taken from the state Forest Department.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM Environmental quality and pollution:

Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977‐All trade effluents, discharge from any activity, or the disposal of any waste into water systems, including that which may affect subterranean systems, should be in accordance with the standards laid out under these regulations. Also, any construction of weirs, sluices, and so on that may impede the flow and aggravate or lead to pollution is not permitted under the regulations. Any new outlets or discharges from treatment systems or their extensions would require consent from the SPCB, and follow the procedures laid out by them, before commencing the activity. The legislation on cess states the need to pay a cess based on water consumption, including for domestic purposes. However, there is a 25 percent rebate for installing an STP and cleaning the water before discharge.

Noise Pollution (Control and Regulation) Rules, 2000‐ The level of noise from any activity in all areas is dictated by these rules. Therefore, construction and regular running or maintenance activities under the project would need to ensure that the rules are followed.

Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981‐Ambient air quality standards are set by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and SPCB for industrial, residential, and ecologically sensitive areas under this act and would need to be followed during the construction phase and post construction management. Areas, where the standards may be relevant, are used for the diesel generators for energy‐construction vehicle movement, and other activities that may result in air pollution. In case of the use of generators for power generation and backup, regulations for both emission and noise levels have been set by the CPCB. These are for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), petrol, and diesel generators, such as 800 kW and below diesel generators that require to follow emission standards identified under the Environmental (Protection) (Third Amendment) Rules, 2013, and petrol and kerosene generators of up to 19 kW that need to follow the standards of the Environmental (Protection) (Second Amendment) Rules, 2013.

The running and management of WTPs is likely to create both liquid and solid waste. Their disposal should be based upon standards of these regulations and cess paid as required. Generators procured and used must be of appropriate standards, and their regular maintenance must be assured to ensure emissions and noise levels are within permissible limits. Any construction or other activity would need to be within permitted noise limits as defined by the noise rules.

Waste management:

Solid Waste Management Rules, 2016‐ These regulations are applicable to all waste generators, including the ULBs, outgrowths in urban agglomerations (UAs), and Census Towns (CTs) and, therefore, will be applicable to the project. All waste would need to be segregated at sources into biodegradable, non‐biodegradable, and domestic hazardous waste and disposed of through authorized waste dealers and systems. The ULB, UA, and CT authorities need to prepare solid waste management plans that are to be followed in their jurisdiction, including establishing waste disposal for different waste streams. There are a number of other legislations that support the management of waste and are briefly mentioned here.

Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016‐These rules are applicable for waste such as building material, debris, and rubble from construction, remodelling, repair, and demolition of any civil structure. Waste generators are responsible for all such waste. In case of at 185

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM least 20 tons per day or 300 tons per project in a month, the waste has to be segregated according to directions of the law, with submitting of a waste management plan, getting required approvals from local authorities before starting work, and paying the required levies. These rules identify activities for the management of the construction/demolition site such as cleaning, storing, and disposal. These would need to be followed for any construction, refurbishing, and demolition activity undertaken for this project.

Uttarakhand Building Construction and Development Bylaws 2011 and its amendments‐ The bylaws have given standards to be followed for building construction, including for structural safety and safeguarding from hazards. It also gives activities permissible and suggested development concerns while working in PAs and eco‐sensitive zones. These bylaws should be followed for all construction activities.

15.4 SOCIAL REGULATIONS

• Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006. Uttarakhand has a forest cover of more than 65 percent, and several communities live inside the forests or on forest fringe. The Forest Rights Act (FRA) recognizes the customary rights of such STs and other traditional forest dwellers to access services and own resources. It also provides usufruct and community ownership rights to forest‐dwelling communities for diverting forest land for creating basic social infrastructure, including sources of water for human and livestock use. Section 3(2) of the act provides for diversion of forest land for creating facilities including drinking water supply and water pipelines for these socially and economically vulnerable communities.

• Uttarakhand District Planning Committee Act 2007 and DPC Rules 2010. This act provides for the constitution of a District Planning Committee (DPC) in each district for the consolidation of plans prepared by the panchayats and municipalities into district development plans. The development plans are to consider matters of common interest of panchayats and municipalities located in the district, including sharing of water, physical, and natural resources, apart from integrated development of district infrastructure. Functions of the DPC also include determining the district‐level development priorities and programs, providing sectoral outlays in the plan and budgets (according to district plan outlay), allocating resources for district sector schemes, and reviewingthe progress of schemes under decentralized planning framework.

• Uttarakhand Right to Services Act, 2011.This act notifies a set of services to be provided by the state within a stipulated period of time and is legally enforceable by residents of the state. This act covers 10 departments, including the DDW. This act guarantees a new water supply connection to a consumer within 15–30 days of the application (wherever technically feasible), depending on the size of the connection demanded, subject to technical feasibility, failing which the designated officer will be penalized and the applicant will be provided with the right to go in and appeal to the notified appellate authority.

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM 15.4.1 Description of the potential environmental and social impacts

Following present the main environmental and social potential impacts and measures in the water supply and sewerage system sectors:

15.4.1.1 Environment impacts

Loss of ecological and productive values:

a. Loss of important species, communities, habitats and landscapes

Water and Sewerage projects can have significant impacts on important animal and plant species and communities as well as on landscapes. These impacts are more common in the case of construction involving new access road where there is the destruction of habitats such as forest or wetland. However where an area has been settled for some time human changes to the original ecosystem may mean that the only areas in which some species survive, are in the remnants of the original ecosystem which persist in the project area.

In general, the total area destroyed directly by the construction of new projects is not great – usually some tens of hectares – depending, of course, on the magnitude of the project. However other factors can significantly increase the importance of this loss, including:

− Additional areas destroyed for labour camps, workshops, borrow pits, quarries, etc.; − Areas impacted by harvesting of fuel‐wood, cutting construction timber for camps, formwork, etc.; and − Impacts of induced development (in‐migration, the opening of agricultural land, logging, industrial areas) resulting from the water and sewerage project and its access roads.

For water supply projects, the impact of water abstraction itself on water resources; can cause a significant impact. In this particular case, the source of water is ground water and the abstraction of water for this particular project was identified to cause a significant impact. Corridor 1 and 3 is considering construction of a surface water Project to supply water for selected PeriUrban towns but that is after 5‐10 years.

The disposal of sewage sludge, from the project area is well taken into account. The area is currently less populated, where by water carriage sewerage system is not a feasible option. The project area will be initially serviced by on‐site sanitation technologies supported by cesspit empties. The sludge collected will be disposed of, at the existing sewage treatment plants. The long term plan for the project area is when the area will be fully populated and the use of water per capita will raise from existing 50‐90L/capita to (135 L/capita) which is enough to qualify for connecting to the sewerage system. The planned sewerage project is expected to be connected to the proposed waste‐water treatment plant which will be located within PeriUrban towns.

b. Loss of riverside vegetation Riverside vegetation performs a number of highly significant ecological functions. These are frequently essential to the maintenance of aquatic systems and should be strenuously protected. The functions of riverside vegetation (usually of vegetation beside lakes and ponds) include:

− Shading of water to maintain temperatures within ranges in which aquatic life can live; 187

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM − Supporting aquatic food chains through inputs of vegetative material, either directly through leaves and branches falling into the water, or indirectly as a run‐off of decomposed matter from the leaf layer under the vegetation (non‐native vegetation species generally do not provide good food sources since native decomposing organisms are not adapted to break down the exotic plant material); − Providing habitat for species such as insects which become part of the aquatic food chain; − Creating breeding, shelter and feeding habitat for aquatic species when trees and larger branches fall into the water (non‐native species do not provide such good habitat as they do not decompose as readily to provide hollows); − Preventing bank erosion during peak flow periods; and − Trapping sediment flowing from land‐based sources that would otherwise raise turbidity in the water. c. Disruption to groundwater supplies Quarrying, particularly in limestone areas, can disrupt groundwater supplies by rupturing impervious layers and allowing the water stored in the aquifer to escape into deeper formations. This can have impacted over very extensive areas and can completely destroy community and agricultural dry season water supplies.

d. Post‐construction increase in the harvest of environmentally sensitive products

One of the most significant secondary impacts of water projects and sewerage projects, especially when the projects include access road, can be the increase in harvesting of environmentally sensitive products.

15.4.1.2 Air, Water, and noise pollution:

a. Water pollution from sewage and rubbish disposal Labour camps can generate large quantities of wastes, which have the potential to impact on the quality of nearby water supplies as well as on landscape and wildlife values. In addition, where human waste from labour camps pollutes local water supplies this may cause health problems for local people.

b. Oil pollution during construction Oil pollution can arise from a range of sources during project construction. These include:

− Improper disposal of oil and grease during equipment maintenance; − Leaks from fuel and lubricant stores and leaks and spills during filling of storage tanks; − Oil leaks from machinery such as generators; and − Pollution from bitumen and solvents during storage or while applying bitumen surface, especially when application happens during rain periods.

Oil pollution does not need to be a major spill in order to create impacts. Significant impacts can also arise from continuous small amounts of oil pollution over a period of time. The most serious impacts tend to happen when the oil reaches water bodies, but pollution of terrestrial habitats can also lead to impacts. The most damaging aspects of oil pollution are the toxic effects of the more volatile components and the coating of organisms with oil, which affects their ability to function. This latter effect can result from interfering with respiration (e.g. of invertebrates or small vertebrates), from hindering movement, or by other effects such as the loss of insulating

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM properties of fur and feathers when coated in oil. The use of GGESP in oil pollution control can reduce the impacts.

c. Noise pollution in nearby settlements and wildlife areas

Noise pollution can have significant impacts on human health, including damage to hearing and increasing stress levels. It can be particularly impacting in urban areas (vicinity of hospitals, schools, others). Noise can significantly disrupt teaching in schools and can result in significant production losses and even the death of stock in intensive livestock rearing facilities.

d. Vibration impacts during construction phase

Vibration can damage building structures and service infrastructure as well as having a psychological impact on residents. The most serious vibration impacts come from pile‐driving, though the operation of heavy equipment can also cause vibration impacts

e. Air pollution during the construction phase The major source of air pollution during the construction phase is dust and similar particulate matter. This can arise from:

− The operation of equipment such as rock crushers; − Movement and operation of construction machinery; − Dust blowing off loads of fill as they are transported; − Dust blowing from stockpiled material; − Loading and unloading of fill; and − Normal traffic using the unsealed road surface or bypass lanes.

Air pollution can also arise from the emissions from motors of equipment used during the construction and from long lines of normal traffic waiting to pass through the construction.

Short‐term exposure to high levels of dust can lead to immediate health problems through causing or exacerbating bronchial complaints and sinus and eye conditions. In addition, long‐term exposure to some types of dust can have the additional impact of causing lung disease, which can ultimately be fatal. Workers in quarries and rock‐crushing plants are particularly susceptible to this condition.

In addition, dust can impact on crops in a variety of ways, including:

− Preventing or reducing fertilization, with resultant crop loss or decrease; − Destroying natural protective leaf coatings and rendering the crop less healthy or more susceptible to disease and pests; − Reducing photosynthesis by blocking sunlight falling on leaf surfaces, thus reducing plant growth and seed/fruit production; and − Lowering the market value of leafy vegetables.

In the projects that include access roads, traffic passing along a completed road gives rise to dust and air pollution, even where the road has a hard surface. The most significant pollutants will be

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Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM carbon monoxide and lead (where leaded fuels are in use). Lead in particular can have significant health impacts, particularly on children.

f. Water Extraction

Water resources extracted for a particular water supply projects can have a significant decline level of water on the downstream side. Such impact can affect the riverine ecosystems, the downstream off‐take infrastructures, navigations and the flow rates. As such a critical assessment is needed during design to ensure all other users in the ecosystem and biological diversity are considered for impact mitigation that includes water allocation.

g. Disposal of sewage sludge

All sewerage treatment facilities usually generate sludge. The generated sludge needs to be decanted dries and used as a source of manure. In places where land is limited and solar radiation is sufficient throughout, the sludge drying beds ear recommended for a final disposal technology. Otherwise sludge dewatering can become costly and hence becomes less cost‐effective technology.

15.4.2 Social impacts

a. Disturbance to existing properties frontage, or public utilities

Where new roads are created or existing roads are widened as part of the construction of a water supply or sewerage project, there are likely to impact on existing property frontages or on public utilities such as electricity supplies. This types of impacts involve costs, whether to individuals or to the community.

b. Resettlement

This refers to resettlement where inhabitants have moved away from their original locality because their dwelling places or income‐earning land will become part of the reserve area or project‐affected area (i.e. pipelines, construction of dams with reservoir, others). It is important to note that settlers who are occupying the right of ways illegally and has to be moved to another location (or are forced to move) should be included as part of the Project Affected People (PAPs).

c. Unrest and dissatisfaction over distribution of labor opportunities and other benefits

Water and Sewerage projects generally involve significant employment of unskilled and semi‐ skilled labour and also provide opportunities for gaining training or experience, which provides access to future employment. If local communities see these advantages going to outsiders there are likely to be reactions against the water and sewerage project.

Similarly, the establishment of a large labour force in a concentrated locality generates opportunities for commercial transactions such as the provision of food and drink. There is a risk that local small business people will lose out on these benefits to outsiders who have experience in such interactions with projects. This can also cause dissatisfaction among local communities.

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d. Social conflicts over scarce water competing demand

In areas where the water is going to be distributed, the possible conflict may arise during initial testing and balancing pressures in the system. It is possible to have one side to have water though out while the other sides are missing. In some cases peoples who have house connection are sounding superior to those who are using the public kiosk. Such conflict will phase out as time goes. More people will be connected to the system and pressure balanced.

15.4.2.1 Description of the potential environmental and social measures

The environmental and social negative impacts should be prevented, mitigate and/or compensate with environmental and social measures in order to assure a good environmental and social management during the design, construction and operation of the water and sewerage projects.

Environmental Recommendation

All projects under the program will need to be screened to identify regulatory needs and actions required, to ensure safety at construction sites, management of waste, wildlife‐related concerns and other environmental actions that might arise from project design, construction or in the implementation stage. The overall responsibility will be of the SWSM who will have an environmental nodal person to handle all environmental issues. They will also be responsible for the development of the screening and monitoring formats for each stage of the project and at the state, district and ground implementation level. For implementation in each geographical area, the agencies involved will have identified environmental nodal persons at the PIUs and FIUs to manage implementation. All environmental concerns identified through the environmental screening will be monitored to ensure the implementation of required actions.

At the time of planning and development of Detailed Project Report (DPR) all schemes to be checked for sustainability, measure discharge to ensure the adequacy of water from the source and identify source catchment and other activities required.

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Table 88: An Outline of Typical Project Activities and Examples of Potential Impacts, both Negative and Positive

y s

y i

tions d y

p n

ualit y ualit a

y q

h q

p g g

ra Palaeontolo ualit ta

g / q ri o Soils Flora values e infrastructure p gy Geolo uatic fauna g Air q Livelihoods l h To a A Local econom r Current land use Terrestrial Fauna Health and safet u National econom Local communities Noise and vibration t Groundwater l Surface water Existin Aesthetic and amenity u Future land use o Groundwater resources Surface water resources C Archaeolo L COMPONENTS ENVIRONMENTA PLANNING AND DESIGN

Mobilisation X of stakeholders Site XX X X X XXX identification Surveying of X X X X X X XXX the project site Project design X X CONSTRUCT ION AND REHABILITA TION

Mobilisation X X XXXX XXXXXXXX X X X XXX of resources Land clearing X X X X XXXX XXXXXXXX X X X XXX activities Water source X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X development Construction X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X materials acquisition Tank, pumphouse X X X X XXXX XXXXXXXX X X X XXX and treatment Plant Access road X X X X X X XX X X X X X X X X X X X X construction Latrine X X X XX X X X XX installation

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values

y y

tions

p y

y ualit e and sites ualit

g q q

y Palaeontolo /

gy h y p

infrastructure y g ra g g

ualit

o q uatic fauna p q Geolo Soils To Surface water resources Surface water Groundwater resources Groundwater Archaeolo Flora Terrestrial Fauna A Air Noise and vibration Cultural herita Local communities Livelihoods Current land use Future land use o Local econom National econom Existin Health and safet Aesthetic and amenit ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS

Install water X X XXX X X X X X X XXX Pipes/tap stands Construct X X X X X X X X X X X X X XXX Boreholes /intakes Infrastructure X X X X X X XX X X X XXX X XXX rehabilitation OPERATION Catchment X X X X X XX X X X X X X protection Water X X X X X X XX X XXX XX abstraction Water X X X X X treatment & supply Provision of XX X XXX employment

Scheme X X X X X X X X X X X Management

Operation of X X X X X X X X X X X infrastructure

STP & X X X X XX XX X XX discharge Latrine X X X X X X X operation Septic Tank X X X X X X X X X X discharges Infrastructur X X X XX X XXX e repair and maintenance Water point XX X XXX maintenance Water XX X X collection and distribution

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values

y y

tions

p y

y ualit e and sites ualit

g q q

y Palaeontolo /

gy h y p

infrastructure y g ra g g

ualit

Maintenanc e of water sources DECOMMIS SIONING AND CLOSURE Demobilisati XX X on of resources Closure of X X X X X X X X X XX construction sites Note: X indicates the component of the project activity that may have a potential impact (either negative or positive).

15.5 WORLD BANK SAFEGUARD POLICIES

15.5.1 General overview

The World Bank safeguard policies are divided into environment, social, and legal areas. Likewise, the World Bank has a public disclosure policy that should be applied in all safeguard policies. Table 89: World Bank Safeguard Policies

Environmental Policies40 Social Policies OP/BP 4.10 Indigenous People OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement OP/BP 4.04 Natural Habitat OP/BP OP/BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources 4.09 Pest Management OP/BP Legal Policies 4.36 Forest OP/BP OP/BP 7.50 International Waterways 4.37 Safety of Dams OP/BP 7.60 Projects in Disputed Areas World Bank Additional Safeguard Instruments ‐ Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines ‐ Environmental Assessment Sourcebook (and updates) ‐ WB Participation Sourcebook (1996) ‐ Disclosure Hand Book ‐ Electronic Resettlement Guidebook

40 Source: World Bank, Safeguard Policies.

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The Safeguard Policies pursue three objectives: (i) ensuring that environmental and social issues are evaluated in the preparation and decision‐making process; (ii) reducing and mitigating the environmental and social risks of Bank‐financed programs or projects; and (iii) providing mechanisms for consultation and information disclosure. Additionally, the Safeguards pursue the compliance of the national law and regulations in regards to the environmental and social issues.

A complete description of the World Bank’s safeguards and their triggers can be found on the Bank’s official Web site, www.worldbank.org.

15.5.2 Safeguards policies triggered

The next table presents the common settings in which World Bank safeguards will trigger and generic directions to comply with them.

Table 90: Social and Environmental Safeguards Commonly Triggered in Water Supply and SLWM Projects

Safeguard Policy Trigger settings

Environmental This safeguard is typically triggered in projects where the work will affect, temporary or Assessment permanently, the natural environment and/or society, through direct, indirect, or cumulative impacts. OP/BP 4.01 The specific projects financed by the world bank will require to develop the environmental and social studies (ESIA, EAR and others) required by state/national law and the Bank’s Environmental Assessment Policy to ensure the social and environmental sustainability of the project and to obtain the respective environmental permissions. Before starting the works, the sub‐projects will require the NEMC permission. Natural Habitats This safeguard is most likely triggered for projects located in a protected area or critical area that may be affected directly or indirectly by the project. Depending on the potential OP/BP 4.04 negative impacts on the natural habitats (flora and fauna), these projects will require special studies to protect or preserve the species identified at risk of being affected. If a project can cause irreversible damages, it will be excluded. Indigenous or This policy is triggered when a project is located in recognized areas of distinct social and Vulnerable cultural groups, vulnerable groups, where a project benefits or affects these Groups communities. The World Bank uses the term “Indigenous” in a generic sense to refer to “distinct OP/BP 4.10 vulnerable, social and cultural group”. These groups should have the following characteristics in varying degrees: a) self‐identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; b) collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; c) customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and; d) a language, often different from the official language of the country or region.

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Involuntary This safeguard is triggered when projects require the relocation of people or Resettlement compensation is required because of a project’s impact on livelihoods or natural resources. The affectation could be minimal or substantial depending on whether houses or OP/BP 4.12 productive lands (legal or illegal) are impacted. These cases require a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) taking into account the World Bank’s guidelines.

Safeguard Trigger settings Policy

Water supply and SLWM project execution, may potentially affect people located in the surrounding areas of the projects, especially along the distribution lines of water and sewerage that the project will finance.

Physical Cultural This safeguard might be triggered during project construction in zones of recognized Resources archaeological/cultural/physical potential. Investigations, Rescue, and the Chance Find OP/BP 4.11 Procedures Plan are the most common instruments required. Safety of Dams This policy is triggered. While the project is not financing large water reservoirs OP/BP and dams, it will involve the financing of small dams (less than 15 m).The Project will apply 4.37 the Ministry of Water’s Guidelines for Dam Safety dated 2012 in those situations.

In accordance with the Bank’s public disclosure policy, a Communication and Disclosure Plan (CDP) is required to present all the environmental and social documents developed for the specific projects (ESIAs87/PESIAs88, EAR89, RAPs90, and others) as part of the participation and consultation process.

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State Government Departments are responsible to prepare and implement the program for Water Supply, Sanitation & SLWM, including policies and institutional development program. For providing improved services in the Peri Urban areas, proper institutional set up is required to take full responsibility for the provision of water supply, sanitation & SLWM services in their jurisdiction. The State/ULB should lay emphasis on better planning, service improvement, tariff collection, use of appropriate and sustainable technologies especially for the collection, treatment and recycling, awareness creation, citizen involvement, and institutional reform for improved service delivery.

16.1 WATER SUPPLY

16.1.1 Existing Institutional Mechanism

The Department of Drinking water and Sanitation (DDWS), Government of Uttarakhand is responsible to provide Water Supply Services in urban and rural areas of Uttarakhand. State Water and Sanitation Mission is the apex body under the DDWS for providing policy guidance under DDWS. The key implementing agencies of the DDWS are Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan. Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam is the implementing agency while the Uttarakhand Jal sansthan is the maintenance agency. In peri urban areas GPs and ULBs, are also involved in the implementation and/ or management of drinking water supply and sanitation schemes, while some others departments like Public Works Department, Irrigation Department, Forest Department etc provide clearances for such schemes and projects. There are other departments, like the Mussoorie Dehradun Development Authority, Haridwar Development Authority and Nainital Lake Region Special Development Authority (NLRSDA), which may, as part of their mandate, undertake specific projects related to water supply, sewage, and sanitation, though this may only be a small part of their overall mandate.

Uttarakhand PeyJal Nigam: Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam has been established under section 3 of erstwhile “The UP. Water Supply and Sewerage Act, 1975’’. After the formation of Uttaranchal State through order no 2878/9‐2‐(12 Adhi.)/2001 dated 22.11.2002 the department was formed under Uttarakhand Government as Uttaranchal Peyjal Sansadhan Vikas Evam Nirman Nigam and later on Uttarakhand Peyjal Sansadhan Vikas Evam Nirman Nigam. The functions of the UJN as per the section 14 of the UP Water Supply and Sewerage Act 1975 inter‐alia are as under: “The functions of the Nigam shall be the following, namely: (i) the preparation, execution, promotion and financing the schemes for the supply of water and for sewerage and sewage disposal; (ii) to render all necessary services in regard to water supply and sewerage to the State Government and local bodies, on request to private institutions or individuals; (iii) to prepare State plans for water supply, sewerage and drainage on the directions of the State Government; (iv) to assess the requirement for materials and arrange for their procurement and utilisation;

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(v) to establish State standards for water supply and sewerage services; and (vi) (vii) to perform all functions, not stated herein which were being performed by the Local Self‐Government Engineering Department before the commencement of this Act; The department works under the Department of Drinking Water & Sanitation, Government of Uttarakhand as an undertaking of Uttarakhand Government. Besides this, the department is also authorized by State Government to works as construction agency for building and other works in Uttarakhand and in other States. Presently the department is headed by the Managing Director under the governance of Board of Directors headed by the Secretary, Drinking Water & Sanitation, Government of Uttarakhand. It has regional officers headed by the Chief Engineer Garhwal & Kumaon. The department has Executive Offices at District level for planning and implementation of projects. The organizational structure for Peyjal Nigam is described in Annexure I.

Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan

"Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan" constituted under Section 18 of the UP/Uttrakhand water supply and sewerage act 1975 having jurisdiction throughout the state of Uttarakhand by the amalgamation of "Garhwal Jal Sansthan" and "Kumaun Jal Sansthan" on 26th August 2002. It extends to the whole of Uttarakhand excluding cantonment areas.

Presently the department is headed by the Chief General Manager under the governance of Board of Directors headed by the Secretary, Drinking Water & Sanitation, Government of Uttarakhand. It has regional officers headed by the General Managers Garhwal & Kumaon. The department has Executive Offices at District level for planning and implementation of projects. Functions of Jal Sansthan:‐  To plan, promote and execute schemes and operate an efficient system of water supply.  Where feasible, to plan, promote and execute schemes and operate, sewerage, sewage, treatment and disposal and treatment of trade effluents.  To manage all its affairs so as to provide the people of the area within its jurisdiction with wholesome water where feasible, efficient sewerage service.  To take such measure, as may be necessary, to ensure water supply in times of any emergency.  Such other functions as may be ensured to it by the State Government by notification in the Gazette. The organizational structure for Jal Sansthan is described in Annexure I.

16.1.2 Proposed Institutional Mechanism

At the State Level, the DDWS would continue to be the nodal agency responsible for implementing the Urban, Peri‐urban and rural sector WSS program across the state. Due to enactment of the constitutional amendment 73rd and 74th, in future all the roles and responsibilities being done by the sector institutions, will be performed by urban local bodies in urban areas and by Gram Panchayats in rural areas. The actual transition of powers from sector institutions to ULBs/ PRIs may take some time therefore, the State Government has taken a policy decision that the agency constructing the scheme would be responsible for operation and maintenance of water supply

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and sewerage schemes. In other words, UJN and UJS can be seen as two utilities for the ongoing Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for Peri Urban areas. This decision has helped in addressing the life cycle cost and related issue of poorly designed schemes. The State Government vide GO no.1492/29(2)/19‐2(149Pey)/ 2017 dated 22 August, 2019 has notified the State Water Policy for drinking water . The excerpts of policy as regards institutional roles and responsibilities are reproduced below: ‘ The State Water & Sanitation Mission (SWSM) under DDWS is the highest policy-making body in the rural water supply and sanitation sector and shall also be the highest policy- making body for the peri-urban water supply sector. The key sector institutions are the Uttarakhand Jal Nigam (UJN) and Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan (UJS) (all under DDWS). GoUK will modernize water supply sector by adopting utility model for water supply service delivery to introduce autonomy, accountability and customer orientation. At present, even though the water supply agencies are separate entities (Nigam/ Sansthan) under separate Acts, their autonomy is limited in practice. In the proposed model, the agencies will continue as Government owned but will have full financial and operational autonomy to carryout their role as a service delivery agency. Division/overlap of responsibilities between agencies will be eliminated and one agency will be fully accountable for meeting service delivery standards in a given geographical area. The agencies will be made fully responsible for all aspects of water supply, i.e planning; designing, contracting, construction; O & M; and customer service for their geographical area of operations. This structure would promote efficiency, accountability and promote competition amongst the implementing agencies; and within geographical units. The agencies will enter into performance agreements with GoUK which will specify outcomes and quality standards of program/ project components.

Each geographical unit of the sector institutions will be managed as an independent and ring fenced unit and will have operational and financial autonomy, with clear monitoring and reporting of performance. Each unit will be fully responsible for all aspects of its performance such as bulk water production; treatment where required; distribution; water quality management and water safety; customer service; leakage reduction; revenue collection; financial management; monitoring and reporting; and business planning. The sector institutions will develop an organization structure and staffing schedule for each unit. Where required, the sector institutions will set up/ strengthen central support units such as IT, technology, water quality laboratories, master planning, training etc. The sector institutions will also establish an internal performance management system. Each geographical unit will be responsible for meeting its internal performance targets which will be derived from the service delivery and efficiency standards set for the sector institutions. A performance scorecard has already been approved by GoUK. An incentive system for individual geographical units will be developed by GoUK based on the performance scorecard. The regulatory system proposed in this policy will also link tariff and Government subsidies provided to the water sector institutions linked to their service delivery performance and efficiency.

The main sectoral institutions, UJN and UJS, have extensive experience in the implementation and maintenance of the projects in the state and will be responsible for implementing the improved drinking water policy in the peri-urban areas. The UJS operates the schemes through its district teams and currently where there are no operators. However, going forward, UJN and UJS may hire operators to manage the schemes. Also,

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the GoUK, vide Go No-1369/Nineteen (2)/17-2(36Pey)/2012 dated 07th September, 2017has decided that the implementing agency constructing the scheme shall be responsible for O&M of the scheme. This decision would help in addressing the life-cycle costs and the related issue of poorly designed schemes.’’.

Engaging in Public‐Private Partnerships (PPP)

Where appropriate, Peri urban should be encouraged to embark upon one or more models of PPP which are given below: 7. Service Contracts: Service contracts are the simplest form of private sector participation, whereby the public authority retains overall responsibility for operation and maintenance of the system, except specific service that is contracted or outsourced. 8. Management Contracts: Management contracts are comprehensive arrangement between the public authority and private company to transfer the responsibility for the entire operation and maintenance of the system. 9. Affermage: Affermage involves leasing of facility to a private operator for a certain period, who is then responsible for the operation, maintenance and management of the system. 10. Concessions: In this arrangement, the private contractor has overall responsibility for the services including operation and maintenance as well as capital investment. 11. BOOT: Under BOOT contract, a firm or a consortium of firms finance, build, owns and operates a specific new facility or system. After a predetermined period of time, ownership of the facility is transferred to the public authority. 12. DBO: The public owns and finances the construction of new assets. The private sector designs, built and operate the assets to meet certain agreed outputs.

Regulatory Functions

By strengthening the regulatory functions, the State Governments could limit the risk of monopoly abuse by the Service Provider of poor‐quality service or high tariffs covering the cost of inefficiencies. The regulatory functions should cover service delivery standards for the Service Provider, monitoring of the compliance, periodic resetting of tariffs, etc. a) Assessment of Ground Water Resources should be undertaken on a regular basis, preferably after every two years. Also, a single agency should be formed to maintain a database on the amount of groundwater being utilized by various stakeholders. b) Natural and Artificial Recharge to Ground Water: This will help augment the efforts and management of the resource and in tackling issues such as its over‐exploitation, depletion and pollution. c) Inventorisation of Water Bodies and Installation of Water Meters on Tube Wells: An inventory of water bodies (including ponds) in the city should be undertaken and completed in a definite time‐frame. Special programs for the upkeep, maintenance and restoration of water bodies should be implemented with sufficient budgetary allocation. To regulate over‐use of groundwater for irrigation and drinking purposes,

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installation of water meters in all tube‐wells should be made mandatory on the principle of ‘Beneficiary Pays’. d) Contamination of Ground Water by Industries: Ministry of Water Resources in coordination with Central Pollution Control Board should devise an effective mechanism to identify critically polluted areas located in dark blocks. Steps to minimize and control the dumping of industrial waste into surface water and underground aquifers should also be taken. e) Enforcement of NOCs by Central Ground Water Authority: A system of regular inspections should be instituted in respect of industries to which No Objection Certificate (NOC) has been issued by Central Ground Water Authority. This will ensure compliance of conditions mentioned in the NOC. The State Pollution Control Boards should set up an appropriate and effective monitoring mechanism to verify the requirement with the actual withdrawal.

f) Implementation and monitoring of activities of improved water policy for peri urban areas, 2019.

Regulatory Act

The State Governments should pass a Regulatory Act to: • Clarify the objectives of regulation; • Set a timetable for establishing an independent Regulatory Authority • Clarify pricing principles that should apply to the piped urban WSS service • Clarify regulations that apply to the provision of mobile (water tankers, sludge handlers) or fixed (independent networks) “substitutes” to the piped WSS service provided by operators other than the LB/Service Provider

Capacity Building

Building the Capacity of State officials, ULBs, Service Providers, Regulatory Authorities, Customer Associations, NGOs and the media is critical for understanding the rationale of new procedures and applying them through a combination of classroom and on‐the‐job training, networking between professionals, twinning with well‐performing Service Providers within and outside India, and public‐ private partnerships. This massive effort needs to be coordinated by the State Departments in charge of the water sector.

In many State Govt., the water supply projects are implemented by the organisations and on completion, the schemes are handed over to the ULBs for further operation and maintenance. In general, the ULBs are reluctant to take over the schemes for further maintenance due to their poor financial resources and lack of skilled manpower. Even if some of these schemes are taken over by the ULBs, they suffer due to lack of capacity with the ULBs. Therefore, proper training and capacity building of the ULB staff is essential for effective maintenance of the newly implemented schemes. It must be ensured that all water supply projects should include an action plan for capacity building program of the ULB and adequate provision should be made in the projects which are posed for

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funding various schemes. It is suggested that the DPR shall make a provision of 0.5% of the project cost towards training and capacity building of the staff of the concerned Urban Local Bodies for effective O&M of the project.

Community Participation

• State Departments, ULBs and Regulatory Authority need to develop systems and platforms for community participation during the planning, implementation and operations and maintenance phases of the Water Supply schemes. • State Departments, ULBs, and Regulatory Authority need to develop instruments and tools, including social audits, for involving the community in the evaluation of their Water Supply Systems.

Institutional Responsibilities

This Master Plan of Water Supply recognizes that there are differences in water availability and potential issues, based on factors such as aquifer extent, proximity to surface waters, natural and manmade contamination, and community development. To ensure that integrated planning approach is provided across the corridor, all the concerned departments needs to be work in an integrated manner so as to smooth functioning as well as the development of the water supply project in the State. Hence, the below‐provided table describes the responsibilities of concerned departments.

Table 91: Institutional Responsibilities

Department Responsibilities

• Facilitate the provision of adequate and wholesome supply of Works potable water for the entire district Social Welfare and • Assist to organize community development programme for the Community Development provision of facilities and services such as water

Transport • Transport services by land or water

• Soil and water conservation measures and methods Agriculture • Integrated water management • Livestock water supplies

• Advise on the prohibition, restriction or regulation of Natural Resource vegetation along rivers and stream waters Conservation, Forestry, • Facilitate replanting or reforestation of watercourses Game and Wildlife • Protection of water resources from bush fires, illegal harvesting, agricultural encroachment and pollution

16.1.3 SANITATION

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At the State Level, the DDWS would continue to be the nodal agency responsible for implementing the Urban, Peri‐urban and rural sector Sanitation program across the state. It is anticipated that Peri urban areas will merge into nearest Urban Local Bodies, therefore the sanitation activities in those areas will ultimately dealt by concerned ULB. The Government of India has launched SBM (Grameen) and SBM (Urban) to take care of sanitation and SLWM program. Due to enactment of the constitutional amendment 73rd and 74th, in future all the roles and responsibilities being done by the sector institutions, will be performed by urban local bodies in urban areas and by Gram Panchayats in rural areas.

Information, Education and Communication (IEC)

The ULB shall develop appropriate IEC materials and undertake IEC campaigns through print and electronic media, outdoor medium and consultations and workshops targeting the residents to promote adoption of proper toilet designs, construction methods, periodic de‐sludging and safe sanitation practices. The builders, masons and suppliers of the septic tanks and pits shall be exposed to better designs and better methods of construction. The operators of collection and transportation shall be provided with information on standard operating procedures. Non‐ government Organization (NGOs), Community Based Organizations (CBOs), women’s groups and school children shall be extensively involved in undertaking IEC campaigns. Operators and other involved parties shall also develop IEC material and educate communities on the safe management of septage.

Training programs

ULB shall engage various agencies to undertake training needs assessment, design training modules and deliver the training programs.

Record keeping and MIS

ULB shall create a computerized MIS platform for monitoring and evaluation (M&E) for baseline data and progress on implementation of septage management guidelines through a separate cell formed under the health department as Septage Management Cell. ULB shall maintain database and information related to septage generation from households and commercial establishments, insanitary latrines, location of septic tanks, details of operators responsible for the collection of de‐sludge and details of the septage treatment plant. ULB shall ensure that the operators of collection and transportation and treatment of septage maintain detailed records of their operations.

Standards, Regulations & Quality Assurances

A. Attention shall be accorded on adopting and enforcing effluent and sludge standards for municipal wastes. B. Extensive and comprehensive monitoring programs shall be developed ranging from influent, effluent from the plants and subsequently on downstream reuse to ensure that the public health objectives and treatment efficiency goals are attained. C. Periodic monitoring will be followed if reuse from STPs for agriculture and crops irrigation is undertaken. D. The observation wells shall be installed near STPs to monitor groundwater quality

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where necessary, and to mitigate adverse impacts where and when needed. E. UKPCB/ CPCB regulations for disposal norms shall be mandatory. F. Industrial wastes shall not be allowed to be disposed of doing for treated in STPs. ULB can issue notification for penalties to be imposed on such industrial units. G. Laboratories shall be maintained and properly equipped to provide services and reliable data needed to ensure enforcement of and adherence to standards and regulations. H. The compliance to the following provisions by the Septage Treatment Facility/s will be necessary as per the Act, Rules and Guidelines issued by Central Pollution Control Board / UK Pollution Control Board from time to time: • According to the relevant rules of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, it will be mandatory for the Septage Treatment Facility/s to establish prior to establishment/expansion. • It will be mandatory for the Septage Treatment Facility/s to operate according to the relevant rules of The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981. • The compliance of the charter issued by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) will be ensured by the Septage Treatment Facility/s. • Online Continuous Emissions and Effluent Monitoring System will be installed by the Septage Treatment Facility/sand it will be linked to the Central Board and UP Pollution Control Board servers before the Septage Treatment Facility/scan start operation. • The Pan, Tilt, Zoom (PTZ) rotating camera with open access system at the appropriate locations will be installed at the Septage Treatment Facility/s to carry out online monitoring of the pollution control systems and will be linked to the control room set up at the UK Pollution Control Board headquarters. • The Septage Treatment Facility/s will ensure compliance with the provisions of the Corporate Environment Responsibility Office Order dated 01.05.2018 issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. • The Orders issued by the Central Pollution Control Board / UK Pollution Control Board and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India and Government of Uttakhand will be followed by the Septage Treatment Facility/s. • The following steps will be taken by all Septage Treatment Facility/s to ensure sharing of benefits, facilities and concessions as per the principles of Green Productivity and Green Good Practices, namely: i) Encourage 7‐R principles, namely proper utilization of resources by refuse, reduce, reuse, recycle, redesign, and refurbish and recovery. ii) Undertake Green productivity measures in continuous production and its regular audit in accordance with environmental principles. iii) Certification by Bureau of Energy Efficiency. iv) Adherence to "Energy Conservation Building Code" in new buildings related to Septage v) Treatment Facility/s units as per rules. vi) Increase the use of alternative energy. vii) Reduction in emission of greenhouse gases and carbon offsetting.

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Legal and Regulatory Support

State Laws, Rules and Regulations All the stakeholders involved the sanitation value chain henceforth shall adhere to the requirements of this policy and modify the respective rules and regulations to harmonize them in the best interest of public health and environment outcome of this Policy. The Model Building Bye‐Laws (MBBLs), 2016 framed by the Town and Country Planning Organization (TCPO), Goals adapted for the UK, will be updated. The suggested themes of support are: a. Advice on enforcement and / or regulation of septage services and promotes the policy objectives. b. Lead the formulation and amendment of regulations related to different elements of the value chain. c. Lead and recommend reforms to further achievement of state vision for SM. d. Guidance on the choice of treatment systems for disposal, recycle and reuse. e. Further, the building and improvements to the septage services industry, including monitoring of operators’ compliance with stipulated standards, contractual obligations, and relevant laws and guidelines. f. Lead efforts towards improving the operational efficiency of the SM sector, in particular, occupational health & safety, environmental and public health safety through short‐term, medium‐term and long‐term programme. g. Monitor the collection, treatment and discharge of Septage in compliance with the requirements including reporting on the quality of treated effluent; impact on the environment and performance of treatment plants (co‐treatment with STPs &others). h. Towards long‐term sustainability of the septage services, strive to identify continued investments in infrastructure development. i. To serve as a platform and account for all reasonable demands for various stakeholders (including the private sector), in consultation with the relevant authorities. j. Advise on the permits/licenses and other contracting and / or private sector engagement arrangements across the value chain. k. Advice on dispute resolution and pricing of services.

17.3 SLWM

Staff and Management of the SWM Department

The proposed staff positions are given in the tables below.

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Table 92: institutional Setup At Zonal Level At Ward Level Deputy Health Officer Public Health Supervisor (PHS) Assistant Health Officer Sanitary Inspector (SI) Sanitation Superintendent Sanitary Sub Inspector (SSI) Mukadams &Safai Kamdars

Solid Waste Management Cell Central Positions Director (SWM) Deputy Director Assistant Manager Solid Waste Superintendent Assistant Engineer Environment Engineer Public Health Supervisors Sanitary Inspectors Sanitary Sub Inspectors SWM Workers

Capacity Building and Training

Determinants of individual capacity:

• Knowledge Relevant and broad‐based as well as specific updated information to carry out the defined functions at defined standards of effectiveness and efficiency • Skills Specific exposures and experiences as well as adequate practice to enable people to put knowledge into day to day workings processes stimulus, motivational levels etc. 1. Training and development are two key strategies to raise/change individual capacity. The training comprises providing structured/semi‐structured learning inputs to raise knowledge and skill levels and create/emphasise positive/open attitudes. Development strategy comprises providing varieties of stimulus/exposures to people while on the job. The options available here include: • Deputations • Lateral transfers • Promotion • On the job learning through varieties of ways including superiors’ guidance, peers help and facilitation etc. • Mentoring and role model creation • Exercises of creation of small learning and experimenting groups within organizations for Varieties of improvements, special drives/campaigns etc. • Fast‐tracking careers of identified people etc.

2. Training Strategy for improved sanitation

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a. Maintaining a Database It would be important to maintain a detailed database of all employees of the Corporation. The database would also include a list of eligible employees for various training programs which would be prepared in a participatory manner with concerned departments.

b. Framing yearly calendar and norms for training person‐days

It is also recommended to make a policy to allocate a certain percentage of revenue earned in a year for training and capacity building. The same could be reviewed periodically. c. Mandatory induction modules with evaluation all training of induction modules would be evaluated based and mandatory. It should be completed for all in the first year itself.

3. Training: Category Wise

Training for Senior Management Staff

This would comprise training for deputy municipal commissioners, zonal heads, and heads of various Departments, additional commissioner/s, city engineer, and additional city engineer/s. There is a need for senior management staff to be able to holistically plan and integrate a cross‐ section of views and then take appropriate decisions. The areas covered would range from the latest urban trends, policy changes at the state and national level to team building and leadership.

Training for Supervisory Staff

Management/ Supervisors are responsible for the quality and efficiency of the services in various departments of the Corporation. They comprise of Assistant Engineers, Executive Assistants, and Assistant Town Planners, who, interact closely with staff at the operational level. The training programs required for this group would focus on sharpening their functional skills, updating their knowledge base, and develop managerial perspectives. Specifically, this group will be provided training in the areas of skill training, Training in the use of computers, Training in the handling, Performance Management and Quality Assurance and Communication Skills.

Training for Operational Staff

This group would include operational staff viz. junior engineers, junior assistants, sanitary sub‐ inspectors, section officers, assistant secretary, divisional officers and fire officer. This group actually carries out the tasks associated with various functions and is important determinants in ensuring efficient and effective service delivery. The training provided to this group would include Functional Skills, Office Procedures, and use of computers, General office Administration and Management, communication skills.

Training Programs for Class IV employees:

An in‐house one‐day program for class IV employees will also be conducted. These programs would be conducted as per their specific jobs in the AMC. For instance, all peons could be grouped together in one batch, separate batches for sweepers and sanitary staff etc. The training would focus on the following areas:  Their role in the AMC and the importance of their role within the entire organisation. The processes in which they need to carry out their tasks reporting, technical information on carrying out their jobs (e.g. proper use of implements like brooms, mechanised sweeping equipment’s, file maintenance, etc.)  interaction

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with public  office etiquettes and ethics  any normal or abnormal events that they should report to supervisors  systems and procedures to be followed like the signing of musters, collecting a salary, leave application etc.,  the problems that they might encounter and how these could be addressed

4. Induction Training

A structured training program for employees who join the Corporation at various levels should be conducted. The duration would be of two weeks each. It would aim to provide an introduction to the functioning of the AMC, provide live training and exposure to concurrent problems being faced by AMC; procedures followed etc. induction training should be made compulsory to all staff that is required to have more citizen interface.

5. Specific Training Areas in Sanitation Sector

Training and capacity building requirements in the following areas: i) Skill development training for engineers and operating staff for: a. Operation and Maintenance of Sewage Treatment Plants b. Desilting equipment’s c. Operation and Maintenance and electrical and mechanical aspects of the pumping stations d. Sanitary Landfill Site ii) Technical knowledge up‐gradation for: a. Sanitary Landfill site b. Zero discharge system, recycling of sewage iii) Contracts Management o Managing Service Delivery o Contract Administration o Monitoring and Evaluation o Standard Operating procedures

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CHAPTER 17 : PLAN REVIEW AND MONITORING

A master plan is a dynamic long‐term planning document that provides a conceptual layout to guide future growth and development.

Plan Review and Monitoring is essential to evaluate the changes required to improve the quality of life in the city. Properly phased monitoring makes the plan responsive to the emerging socio‐ economic forces. Implementation of the plan can be effective only when monitored and reviewed at appropriate periods.

No long‐range plan can be implemented as it is. The process of implementation has to be divided into various time frames depending on the projects & schemes. To study the effects of implementation of these projects, monitoring is required from time to time for each of the various aspects of the master plan, a scientific monitoring framework is essential for:

1. Effective implementation of plan within the plan period, thereby achieving the intended targets. 2. Respond to the changing socio‐economic needs of the people of the town. 3. To check unintended growth within the town. 4. Time lags between various implementation schemes and emerging needs of the people. 5. Review the appropriateness of the plan policies.

Monitoring framework for targets of the master plan helps in judging the performance of various sectors, which need priority. Critical aspects and their targets need shorter monitoring period so that they can be constantly reviewed from time to time. A dedicated Monitoring Unit with modern data processing facilities may be set up which would be responsible for collection and analysis of data and required changes to the notice of the Authority.

17.1.1 MONITORING UNIT

A dedicated Monitoring Unit with modern data processing facilities should be set up which would be responsible for collection and analysis of primary and secondary data and bringing the important changes to the notice of the authority comprehensively. This unit should also be in‐charge of overall monitoring of implementation of the approved development plans and layout plans. A suitable mechanism by way of constituting High Level Committee(s) and Co‐Ordination group(s) may also be proposed for periodic review and monitoring of the plan. Such committee or groups may be constituted to suggest on the related subjects such as Infrastructure, Environment and Conservation, Industries, water supply, sanitation, solid waste management, Zonal plan, Land use and any other subject as required and decided from time to time. Periodic review of the plan shall ensure mid‐term correction and modifications in the Plan and its implementation procedures in the right direction according to the needs of the people.

To enable this, apart from targets arising from various infrastructure plans etc., other action points emerging from the proposals made in the plan for various sector as would also be listed out, to enable monitoring to timely implementation/identifying the need for any changes/corrections.

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17.1.2 MANAGEMENT ACTION GROUPS

It is proposed that for participatory planning, the following management action groups and initiatives are taken for addressing the major issues. These groups would work on following Planning indicators.

Planning Indicators

The following would be the indicators of physical and socio‐economic changes to be monitored periodically:

 Demographic: Population size, Population distribution in relating to holding capacity, Age sex structure, Household size Rate of migration, Causes of migration etc

 Land use: Landuse pattern, Development/Layout plans etc.  Social Infrastructure: Mortality Rate and Infant Mortality Rate, access of population of safe drinking water, access to low cost sanitation, removal of solid waste per capita, distribution of police and fire services, requirement of old age homes, working women’s hostels, adult education centers etc.  Economic Aspects: Distribution of households by income, consumption expenditure, employment, participation rate, employment in different sectors, shifting/relocation of industries, growth of informal sector, shifting of government offices etc.  Infrastructure Development : Coverage, quality , quantity, treatment, service, consumer complaint, O&M recovery , Capital investment status

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ANNEXURES

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TABLE OF CONTENTS ANNEXURE 1. : TERMS OF REFRENCE ...... 2 ANNEXURE 2. SLWM : VARIOUS ASPECTS ...... 4 2.1 Septic Tank Specifications, Guidelines, and Designs ...... 4 2.2 Guidelines for Conversion of Insanitary Latrines into Sanitary Toilets ...... 8 2.3 Considerations for Adoption of Septage Management Treatment Technologies ...... 9 2.4 Treatment Types and Economics (collated from different sources) ...... 9 2.5 Engagement Models for Levy of Charges for Septage Services ...... 10 2.6 Septage Conveyance Equipment Details ...... 12 2.7 Technical Options for Septage Treatment ...... 12 ANNEXURE 3. : STAKEHOLDER CONSULATION ...... 15 3.1 Stakeholder Consultation ...... 15 ANNEXURE 4. : TECHNICAL CALCULATION ...... 23 4.1 OHT Mass Curve ...... 23 4.2 Mass Curve for Corridor no 1: ...... 23 4.3 Adopted Standard for Solid Waste Management System ...... 25 4.4 Sludge Generation Calculation ...... 26 4.4.1 Sludge Generation Calculation: Corridor no 1 ...... 26 ANNEXURE 5. : COST ESTIMATE CALCULATION ...... 31 5.1 Cost Estimate: Water Supply...... 31 5.2 Cost Estimate: Standard for Water Supply System ...... 34 ANNEXURE 6. : Policies/Regulatory Framework and Programs on Water & Sanitation 35 WSS Sector ...... 35 Sewerage and SLWM ...... 38 Regulatory Framework ...... 39 ANNEXURE 7. : DRAWINGS ...... 43

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: Photographs of Stakeholder Consultation ...... 19

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM ANNEXURE 1. : TERMS OF REFRENCE

REF: Executive Summary

The objective of the assignment is to prepare a strategic Master Plan for water supply, sanitation and SLWM in the project areas comprising three growth corridors of the state. The assignment shall be performed separately for each growth corridor, namely, (A) Dehradun – Rishikesh, (B) Haridwar – Roorkee, and (C) Haldwani – Kathgodam.

ES‐2.1 SCOPE OF WORK

In order to achieve the above objectives, the scope of the assignment includes:

a) The Study of regional planning aspects of the growth corridors, based on the ecological, social, economic and institutional characteristics and in particular reference to water supply and sanitation services, and SLWM aspects. b) Critically analysing the existing water supply and sanitation service delivery and solid and liquid waste management, taking in the account of related governance, institutional and financial aspects. c) Preparing strategic Master Plan for sustainable water supply, sanitation and SLWM addressing the issues in an integrated manner and accounting vulnerabilities, economic activities and demand as foreseen the planning horizon of 30 years, and recommend progressive improvement/ up gradation of service level and the nature of service provision and delivery over the horizon and any modification to the existing institution to enhance development impact for implementation under the proposed Uttarakhand Water Supply for Peri‐urban areas.

The scope of work is divided into three principal tasks as described below.

(i) Task 1‐ Regional Planning for water supply and sanitation services: Task 1 consists of the Study of spatial growth (high, medium, low) prospects for each of these growth corridors based on ecological, social, economic and institutional characteristics taking account of the plans available for future development and identifying the areas for high priority for planning the development of water supply, sanitation and SLWM activities in an integrated manner or independently;

Preparation of demographic model using modern tools to forecast population for each region of the Peri‐ urban area for every 5 years of planning horizon;

Recommendation for progressive improvement/ up gradation of service level and the nature of service provision and delivery over the horizon and any modification to the existing institution to enhance developmental impact for implementation under the proposed Uttarakhand Water Supply Project for Peri‐ urban areas.

Engagement of key Stakeholder through consultation during the development stage for an inclusive strategic planning initiative.

(ii) Task 2‐ Analysis of existing water supply, sanitation and SLWM services: Task 2 emphasise on critical analyses of the Peri‐urban areas for the existing water supply and sanitation service delivery, and solid and liquid waste management in the growth corridors, and document economic activities, areas, population, population trends, topography, climate profile, recent interventions in water supply and sanitation services (if any), number of households, socio‐

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM economic profile (including BPL households), the primary occupation of male/female‐headed family, settlement types (including notified and non‐notified areas), number of wards/ mohalla etc. A preliminary survey of the identified growth corridors with maps showing the existing inventory of network services for water supply and sewerage system with all pertinent features of the system and study status of service delivery.

Other Information on water supply and sanitation services and SLWM to be documented includes:

• Condition assessment of the existing infrastructure; • Information on capital works (underway or planned) for expansion or rehabilitation of the water system in the Peri‐urban area; • Current Operation and Maintenance (O & M) • Service Delivery: Study of service levels and operations shall also be carried out separately accounting for seasonal variation in the availability of water resources and its impact and constraint on water supply, and will provide historical statistical information about water‐borne diseases (last two years) and their variations over time and identify the impact and relation if any. • Sanitation, Sewerage and SLWM: Together with the data/information mentioned above for water supply, critical analysis of data for access to toilets, septage management, wastewater and Storm water collection systems, sullage collection and disposal, infrastructure for transport and treatment of wastewater, point of disposal of treated (or untreated) wastewater, and infrastructure to dispose of Storm water.

Based on the above assessments, taking into governance, institution, finance, a critical analysis of the existing water supply, sanitation and SLWM by analysing the performance, assessing the implications of no intervention in the Peri‐urban area, and identifying the issues and the specific areas which are to be studied in greater details to design interventions for rehabilitation, modifications and expansions of the water supply, sanitation and SLWM in the Peri‐urban area and to establish sustainable services.

(iii) Task 3‐ Master Plan for sustainable water supply, sanitation and SLWM: Task 3 accentuate, the Preparation of a Strategic Master Plan for cost‐effective and sustainable water supply, sanitation services, and SLWM with the issues addressed in an integrated manner based on the vulnerabilities, economic activities and demand as foreseen for the planning horizon of 30 years.

Identification of service level improvement desired by the people, rough cost of providing the services; willingness‐to‐charge by the Government / Order / Utility and shortfalls and constraints in installing sustainable water supply, sanitation and SLWM services, establishing key areas of focus for the physical aspects of the master plan along with the interventions.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ANNEXURE 2. SLWM : VARIOUS ASPECTS

REF: Chapter 9 of Draft Master Plan 2.1 Septic Tank Specifications, Guidelines, and Designs

Depending on the geography, soil condition, water seepage capacity of the soil the design can be prepared and approved by the Local Bodies. Proper septic tank design considers the following factors:

 Sized properly with appropriate sludge detention time, volume and hydraulic retention time  Proper inlet and outlet structures  At least one baffle separating the tank into multiple compartments  Watertight  Access port for each compartment that allows for inspection and pumping

Table: Recommended Sizes of Septic Tanks as per Number of Users (Number of Users Length (M) Breadth (M) Liquid Depth for a Cleaning Interval) Liquid Depth for Cleaning No. of Users Length (M) Breadth (M) Interval of 3 Years 5 1.5 0.75 1.05 10 2 0.9 1.4 15 2 0.9 2 20 2.3 1.1 1.8 50 5 2 1.24 100 7.5 2.65 1.24 150 10 3 1.24 200 12 3.3 1.24 15 4 1.24

Notes: 1. CPHEEO Manual and NBC code IS 2470 Part I 1985 may be referred for exact calculations 2. A provision of 300 mm should be made for freeboard. 3. The sizes of the septic tank are based on the certain assumption on peak discharges, as estimated in IS: 2470 (Part ‐1) ‐ 1985 and while choosing the size of septic tank exact calculations shall be made. 4. For population over 100, the tank may be divided into independent parallel chambers of maintenance and cleaning.

1. Construction details

The inlet and outlet should not be located at such levels where the sludge or scum is formed as otherwise; the force of water entering or leaving the tank will unduly disturb the sludge or scum. Further, to avoid short‐circuiting, the inlet and outlet should be located as far as possible from each other and at different levels. Baffles are generally provided at both inlet and outlet and should dip 25 cm to 30 cm into and project 15 cm above the liquid. The baffles should be placed at a distance of one‐fifth of the tank length from the mouth of the straight inlet pipe. The invert of the outlet pipe should be placed at a level 5 to 7 cm below the invert level of the inlet pipe. The baffled inlet will distribute the flow more evenly along the width of the tank and similarly, a baffled outlet pipe will serve better than a tee‐pipe.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

For larger capacities, a two‐compartment tank constructed with the partition wall at a distance of about two‐thirds the length from the inlet gives a better performance than a single compartment tank. The two compartments should be interconnected above the sludge storage level by means of pipes or square openings of diameter or side length respectively of not less than 75 mm. Every septic tank should be provided with ventilation pipes; the top is covered with a suitable mosquito proof wire mesh. The height of the pipe should extend at least 2 m above the top of the highest building within a radius of 20 m. Septic tanks may either be constructed in brickwork, stone masonry or concrete cast in situ or pre‐cast materials. Pre‐cast household tank made of materials such as asbestos cement / HDPE could also be used, provided they are watertight and possess adequate strength in handling and installing and bear the static earth and superimposed loads. All septic tanks shall be provided with watertight covers of adequate strength. Access manholes/covers (minimum two numbers one on opposite ends in the longer direction) of adequate size shall also be provided for purposes of inspection and de‐sludging of tanks. The floor of the tank should be of cement concrete and sloped towards the sludge outlet. Both the floor and sidewall shall be plastered with cement mortar to render the surfaces smooth and to make them watertight. A typical two‐compartment septic tank is shown in the figure below;

Source: CPHEEO, 1993

Table: Guidelines for design and construction of septic tanks

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Parameters Existing Guideline Source General Observations Septic tanks are recommended only for individual homes, small communities and CPHEEO Manual institutions whose contributory population size doesn’t exceed 300 While all existing guidelines state that the NBC, Part 3: location of the septic tank A subsoil dispersion system shall not be closer Development should be given due than 18 meters from any source of drinking Control Rules consideration, in reality, Location water, such as well, to mitigate the possibility and General the location of the septic of bacterial pollution of water supply Building tanks is practically based Requirements on the land availability within the household Septic tank should be located at a place open Vicinity to the sky, as far away as possible from the exterior of the wall of the building and should IS 2470, Part‐1 not be located in swampy areas or areas prone to flooding Septic Tank should have a minimum width of 750mm, a depth of 1 meter below water level and a minimum water capacity of 1 cubic NBC, Part 3: meter. The length of the tank shall be 2 to 4 Development times the width. The minimum nominal Control Rules diameter of the pipe shall be 100mm. Further and General at junctions of pipes in manholes, the Building direction of flow from a branch connection Requirements shall not make an angle exceeding 45 degrees with the direction of flow in the main pipe

Every septic tank shall be provided with a Local masons were IS 2470, Part 1 ventilation pipe of at least 50mm diameter. unaware of the existing design/construction The liquid depth should be 1‐2 m and the guidelines for the length to depth ratio should be 2‐3 to 1. The construction of septic Design and liquid depth of the septic tank should be tanks. The criterion Construction calculated depending on the cleaning interval governing the design and of the septic tank (For detail length, breadth construction broadly in and liquid depth for various numbers of users the land availability and please refer the Manual) A provision of 300 the funds available with mm should be made for freeboard. When the owner/property served for a population above 100, the septic builders. tank may be divided into independent parallel CPHEEO, IS chambers for operation and Maintenance 2470, Part 1 Baffles are provided at inlet and outlet and should dip 25 to 30 cm into and project 15 cm above the liquid. The invert of the outlet pipe should be provided at 5 to 7 cm below the invert level of inlet pipe. The height of the ventilation pipe should extend at least 2 m above the height of the highest building within 20 meters radius

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Parameters Existing Guideline Source General Observations

Improved Septic Tank” ‐ the walls of the conventional septic tank can be replaced with baffle walls to have a multi‐chambered baffled septic tank. The paper states “This CSE Policy Paper movement of wastewater inside the tank on Septage helps in creating the turbulent flow which Management in causes enhanced mixing of the raw sewage India with already existing activated sludge and accelerates the decomposition of the solids because of intensive contact between the activated sludge and fresh influent”.

2. Design for improved septic tank‐ three‐chamber with Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)

An ABR with filter is an improved septic tank (see Figure below: Anaerobic baffled reactor with filter). ABRs incorporate one or more baffles which force the sewage to flow from the bottom to top until it starts to flow into the next chamber. The up‐flow chambers catalyse the sedimentation of solids and digestion of organic matter. BOD may be reduced by up to 90 per cent, which is far higher a percentage than a conventional septic tanked. The filter chambers typically remove 50–80 per cent BOD as sewage flows through them.

Anaerobic decentralized waste water treatment systems (DEWATs)

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

2.2 Guidelines for Conversion of Insanitary Latrines into Sanitary Toilets

Table: Existing guidelines for leach pits

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

2.3 Considerations for Adoption of Septage Management Treatment Technologies

There are many technology options to choose from across the sanitation value chain for implementation of SM. Technologies available at the user interface, collection, transportation, and treatment of septage from OSS to STP are detailed below. Urban Local Bodies can choose from a range of treatment options available in the market, depending upon their needs and available finances. 2.4 Treatment Types and Economics (collated from different sources)

Annual Capital Capacity Area Operating Set Location Technology Cost (KLD) Requirement Cost uptime (Lacs/KLD) (Lacs/KLD) 90 days Devanahalli, DEWATS – 6 108 sq.m./KLD 11.2 1 Lacs/KLD to 150 Karnataka Biological days Sludge Drying Beds 60 days Bansberia, West 13.5 with Co‐composting 12 2.7Ha ‐ to 90 Bengal Lacs/KLD – Biological days 60 days Leh, Jammu & Planted Drying Beds 12 60 sq.m./KLD 4.5 83000 /KLD to 90 Kashmir – Biological days Upflow Anaerobic Brahmapuram, 24000‐ 180 to Sludge Blanket 100 12 sq.m./KLD 42.5 Cochin 30000/KLD 300 days (UASB) – Biological 45 days Co‐treatment in STP Puri, Odisha 50 20 sq.m./KLD 3.5 35000/KLD to 60 – Biological days Warangal (Telangana State), Wai 90 days Pyrolysis – Non‐ 65,000 to (Maharashtra), 15 10,000 sft 8 to 120 Biological 1,00,000/KLD Narasapur (Andhra days Pradesh) 90 days Bhubaneswar, DEWATS – 0.26 75 133 sq.m./KLD 4.72 to 150 Odisha Biological Lacs/KLD days 90 days Phulera‐Sambhar, DEWATS – 0.44 20 263 sq.m./KLD 14.45 to 150 Rajasthan Biological Lacs/KLD days 90 days DEWATS – 0.42 Lacs / Khandela, Rajasthan 10 295sq.m./KLD 21 to 150 Biological KLD days 90 days DEWATS – 0.42 Lacs / Lalsot, Rajasthan 20 232 sq.m./KLD 19.26 to 150 Biological KLD days 60 days Port Blair, Andaman Mechanized De‐ 1.83 42 77 sq.m./KLD 8.83 to 90 & Nicobar Islands watering and MBBR Lacs/KLD days Mechanical 90 days Rudrapur, Dewatering and 125 65 sq.m./KLD 4.13 ‐ to 150 Uttarakhand ABR – Mechanized days 90 days Jabalpur, Madhya Sludge settling and 0.27 Lacs / 50 0.76 sq.m./KLD ‐ to 150 Pradesh MBBR – Biological KLD days

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Source: NIUA report on Compendium of Faecal Sludge Treatment Plants in India

2.5 Engagement Models for Levy of Charges for Septage Services

Option 1

When scheduled emptying is envisaged on predefined time frame (5 years), sanitation tax can be collected from owners of OSSs, on the lines of sewerage taxes. Septage tax is collected by the local 10

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM authority either as a percentage of property tax or by the public utilities as a surcharge on water bills or sewerage bills. The relationship and fund flow, in this case, are as follows (Source: Adapted from Maharashtra PAS project):

Option 2

Another option would be to set up a call centre or a customer help centre managed by ULB or outsourced. The purpose is to link OSSs seeking cleaning with VTOs (public or private), typical of demand‐based cleaning. The truck operators register with the call centre for a fixed annual fee which can also double up as a license or permit. Users of OSSs call the help centre when their septic tanks or pits are full OR alternately informed that VTOs shall come to clean. Irrespective of the arrangement, the principle of fund flow is applicable for scheduled emptying.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

2.6 Septage Conveyance Equipment Details

2.7 Technical Options for Septage Treatment

The technical options for Septage Treatment can be broadly divided based on the technologies involved in them, namely ‐ Mechanised and Non‐Mechanised Technologies.

Mechanized technology involves automated handling and dewatering of septage with minimal intervention of operators and is designed to optimize solid‐liquid (bio‐solids and filtrate) separation and enhance pollutant removal in the downstream process. The preliminary treatment for this process involves removing inert solids using septage acceptance units (screening and grit removal), followed by mechanized de‐watering using screw or belt press. The de‐watered solids may be used as a soil conditioner or landfill cover, while the filtrate is further treated biologically using a high‐rate aeration system, which is a process used for sewage treatment prior to disposal into a receiving body of water.

Non‐mechanized technology generally involves pond systems requiring relatively large footprints. The preliminary treatment involves the removal of non‐biodegradable inert components of the septage (i.e., mostly plastic materials). The septage is then allowed to stabilize in ponds for 30‐45 days to further remove organic contaminants. The accumulated sludge at the bottom of the pond is usually pumped out and dewatered using drying beds. When sufficiently dried, the sludge may be used as a soil conditioner or landfill cover. The DEWAT technology or use of plants, microorganism and drying beds is also a low capex and low opex system.

There are obviously pros and cons to the two technical options, most notably the land area required, efficiency and ease in operation. Mechanized plants require smaller footprints compared to non‐ mechanized systems (for example a plant with a 70 cubic meters capacity per day require a 1,100 square meter lot for a mechanized system and 4,000 square meters for the non‐mechanized system). Mechanized plants have a more reliable and consistent process in meeting effluent standards but require a higher capital outlay for the equipment compared to the main civil works component of the non‐mechanized system. In terms of ease in operation, mechanized plants require less human

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM handling and intervention but will have higher operating costs (e.g., for power, chemical, spare parts replacement). 1. Fully‐Mechanized Septage Treatment Plant Components

Septage Acceptance Unit The hose of the de‐sludging truck is hooked to the septage acceptance unit (SAU), where the solid waste and sludge are automatically separated. For semi‐mechanized systems, the SAU is replaced with mechanical screens.

Screw Press for de‐watering/ separation of sludge and filtrate The screw press is one example of de‐watering equipment. Other options include centrifuge decanter, belt press or filter press Conventional Activated Sludge system is perhaps the most popular and widely‐used for wastewater treatment.

Activated Sludge/Aeration Tank Oxidation Ditch is a modification of the Conventional Activated Sludge.

Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) combines the operation of aeration and solid settlement in a single system.

2. Non‐Mechanized Septage Treatment Plant Components

Mechanical Screens The mechanical screens are used to separate the solid waste from the sludge. This is a cheaper alternative to the septage acceptance unit but will involve manual handling of the solid waste.

Ponds Pond systems typically comprise a treatment train, which involves a series of ponds: anaerobic – facultative – aerobic – maturation, to achieve BOD and pathogen reduction prior to discharge to the environment.

Drying Beds The drying beds are used for the treatment of the bio‐solids before these can be used as landfill cover. The bio‐solid can also be used as a soil conditioner but this will require further treatment prior to land application, alkaline stabilization or composting.

Treatment and disposal facility for septage can be fully mechanized or non‐mechanized.

Mechanized technology involves automated handling and dewatering of septage with minimal or no intervention of operator and is designed to optimise solid‐liquid (bio‐solids and filtrate) separation and enhance pollutant removal in the downstream process. The preliminary treatment for this process involves removing inert solids using septage acceptance units (screening and grit removal), followed by mechanized de‐watering using for example screw or belt press. The de‐watered solids may be used as a soil conditioner or landfill cover, while the filtrate is further treated biologically using a high rate 13

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM aeration system, which is a process used for sewage treatment prior to disposal into a receiving body of water.

Non ‐ mechanized technology generally involves pond systems requiring relatively large footprints. The preliminary treatment involves the removal of non‐biodegradable inert components of the septage (i.e., mostly plastic materials). The septage is then allowed to stabilize in ponds for 30‐45 days to further remove organic contaminants. The accumulated sludge at the bottom of the pond is usually pumped out and dewatered using drying beds. When sufficiently dried, the sludge may be used as a soil conditioner or landfill cover.

Fully Mechanized Septage Plant Components Non‐mechanized septage plant components Septage Accepting Unit: The hose of the de‐sludging The mechanical screens are used to separate the truck is hooked to the septage acceptance unit (SAU), solid waste from the sludge. This is a cheaper where the solid waste and sludge are automatically alternative to the septage acceptance unit but will separated. involve manual handling of the solid waste. Pond systems typically comprise a treatment train, Dewatering Unit: The screw press is one example of which involves a series of ponds: anaerobic – de‐watering equipment. Other options include facultative – aerobic – maturation, to achieve BOD centrifuge decanter, belt press or filter press. and pathogen reduction prior to discharge to the environment. Waste Water Treatment Unit: Conventional The drying beds are used for the treatment of the bio‐ Activated Sludge system is perhaps the most popular solids before these can be used as landfill cover. The and widely‐used for wastewater treatment. bio‐solid can also be used as a soil conditioner but Oxidation Ditch is a modification of the Conventional this will require further treatment prior to land Activated Sludge. Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) application, alkaline stabilization or composting. combines the operation of aeration and solid

settlement in a single system.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ANNEXURE 3. : STAKEHOLDER CONSULATION

REF: Chapter 10 of Draft Master Plan 3.1 Stakeholder Consultation The Stakeholder details and outcomes of the consultations and workshops are presented in the table below. Respondent/ S. Department/ Date of Issues addressed / Recommendations / Stakeholder Location No Stakeholder Consultation Agenda Outcomes Group MS. KARUNA NATHANP 1 Stakeholders SINGH – 14‐Apr‐19 UR PRADHAN MR. NATHUW 2 Stakeholders HARSHMAAN 14‐Apr‐19 ALA ‐ PRADHAN MR. N.S 3 Stakeholders KANDARI – RAIPUR 14‐Apr‐19 PRADHAN MR. 13/4/2019 ROSHANRAT DHALWAL 4 Stakeholders and URI A 22/10/2019 (PARSHAD) MS. PUSHPA , 15/4/2019 GUMANI 5 Stakeholders UNIYAL – and WALA PRADHAN 14/8/2019 MR. SWARUP 16/4/2019 Willingness to pay: People KHARAK 6 Stakeholders SINGH and are usually willing to pay for MAFI PUNDIR – 15/8/2019 a good service. However, it PRADHAN is desirable to ascertain MS. SOBHA 16/4/2019 PRATIT their willingness to pay for 7 Stakeholders RAWAT – and NAGAR different levels of services. PRADHAN 14/8/2019 Subsidy for the poor/BPL: MR. 16/4/2019 SATYANDER HARIPUR The element of cross‐ 8 Stakeholders and DHAMADA – KALAN subsidization may be 14/8/2019 PRADHAN introduced to give relief to the poor and disadvantaged MR. AKASH Water Supply, JAGJEETP to ensure that they are not 9 Stakeholders WALIA – 23/4/2019 sewerage, solid UR deprived of basic services. PRADHAN waste management, MR. KRISHAN BAHADAR storm water , Higher rates from non 10 Stakeholders KUMAR– 22/4/2019 ABAD willingness to pay, residential establishments: PRADHAN rate for water supply Higher rates may be MS. RAWALI as per Uttarakhand prescribed for commercial, 11 Stakeholders NEERAJA– MEHDOO 22/4/2019 Govt., PRADHAN D institutional, and industrial BHANGAE establishments and bulk MR. Ramful ‐ RI waste generators as they 12 Stakeholders 22/4/2019 PRADHAN MAHAWA produce substantially more T PUR waste than households and MR. usually have a better DHANDER 13 Stakeholders YASHPAL– 26/4/2019 capacity to pay. A PRADHAN MR. Introducing higher service SATYANDER SAIDPUR fees: Through interaction 14 Stakeholders 26/4/2019 SINGH– A with government PRADHAN departments and

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Respondent/ S. Department/ Date of Issues addressed / Recommendations / Stakeholder Location No Stakeholder Consultation Agenda Outcomes Group MS. stakeholders, it does not NAGLA 15 Stakeholders MUSKAN– 27/4/2019 seem practical to IMARTI PRADHAN immediately introduce MR. higher rates of service fees SATYANDER MOHANP that may be required to 16 Stakeholders 27/4/2019 PRAKASH– URA make services self‐ PRADHAN sustaining. User fees may Gram Manohar be increased gradually, 17 Stakeholders 28/4/2019 Pradhan pur synchronous with the SHANTI 18 Stakeholders Mukhani 26/4/2019 provision of solid waste and MEHTA sanitation services. The CHANDAN Fatehpur 19 Stakeholders 26/4/2019 service fee structure may SINGH Range be so devised that it is BANSHI Haldwani 20 Stakeholders 27/4/2019 commensurate with the SINGH Talli level of service provided SURESH Bithoria and may be increased 21 Stakeholders 27/4/2019 SINGH GAUR No. 1 gradually with improved level of services, increasing GANGA the level of acceptability JOSHI/HARIS Kusunkhe 22 Stakeholders 28/4/2019 H CHANDRA ra among citizens and JOSHI ensuring their compliance. However, services to the MAMTA/VIN BamoriTal 23 Stakeholders 28/4/2019 OD li poor may continue to be subsidized, even when full service levels are achieved in such areas. Water conservation: Efforts to conserve RASHMI traditional sources like MATHPAL/M 24 Stakeholders Gaujajali 29/4/2019 ANOJ ponds, creating artificial MATHPAL ponds etc. should be made and the Government should also promote rainwater harvesting.

SWAJAL MR. Discussion on community SWAJAL OFFICE 25 HARSMANI participation in water office (DEHRAD As per PANT supply and sanitation UN) officials availability IRRIGATI and data Irrigation MR. R.D. ON 26 collection Department PANT (DEHRAD Discussion on water UN) surface source availability for surface As per identification and water supply schemes, IRRIGATI officials Water availability ground water scenario and Irrigation MR. DEEPAK ON 27 availability regulaton, water policy Department JOSHI ‐ AE (DEHRAD and data UN) collection ADB 24/4/2019, ADB is only targeting Urban 28 ADB ‐ UUSDA MR. RAJWAR data collection (UUSDA) 5/5/2019 area under this scheme

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Respondent/ S. Department/ Date of Issues addressed / Recommendations / Stakeholder Location No Stakeholder Consultation Agenda Outcomes Group TATA 24/4/2019, ADB is only targeting Urban 29 Consultant MR. TYAGI CONSULT data collection 5/5/2019 area under this scheme ANT MR. SWARUP KHARAK 30 SINGH data collection Only water supply scheme MAFI As per PUNDIR– officials PRADHAN availability and data MR. NAGAR collection water supply scheme, Solid 31 NN Dehradun MAHIPAL NIGAM ‐ data collection Waste Management SINGH DR. DDN

JAL MR. SITA NIGAM 32 UJN/UJS data collection Only water supply scheme RAM ‐ EE (DEHRAD As per UN) officials availability and data MR. DEHRADU 33 UJN/UJS collection data collection Only water supply scheme BELWAL– AE N

As per officials MR. M.M. DEHRADU 34 UJN/UJS availability data collection Only water supply scheme SHARMA ‐ AE N and data collection JAL SANSTHA MR. NURASH 35 UJN/UJS N data collection Only water supply scheme PAL ‐ EE As per (HARIDW officials AR) availability JAL and data MR. MUNISH NIGAM collection 36 UJN/UJS data collection Only water supply scheme KRARA – EE (HARIDW AR)

MR. AVS RISHIKES 37 UJN/UJS data collection Only water supply scheme RAWAT – AE H As per officials availability MR. and data RISHIKES 38 UJN/UJS CHAUHAN JI collection data collection Only water supply scheme H ‐ SDO

MR. VINOD 39 UJN/UJS RAMOLA – RAIPUR As per data collection Only water supply scheme EE officials availability and data MR. JAGDISH 40 UJN/UJS RAIPUR collection data collection Only water supply scheme PAWAR ‐ JE

MR. As per HIMANSU 41 UJN/UJS RAIPUR officials data collection Only water supply scheme NOUTIYAL ‐ availability JE

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Respondent/ S. Department/ Date of Issues addressed / Recommendations / Stakeholder Location No Stakeholder Consultation Agenda Outcomes Group MR. DEVESH HALDWA and data 42 UJN/UJS data collection Only water supply scheme PANT ‐ SDO NI collection MR. HALDWA 43 UJN/UJS HIMANSHU – data collection Only water supply scheme NI As per EE officials HALDWA availability HALDWANI – MR. NI – and data 44 NAGAR CHANDRA data collection Only water supply scheme NAGAR collection NIGAM KATHAIT NIGAM MR. VISHAL HALDWA 45 UJN/UJS KUMAR –EE data collection Only water supply scheme NI As per UJS officials availability MR. SURAJ RISHIKES and data 46 UJN/UJS data collection Only water supply scheme PINDEL H collection

MR. R K HARIDWA 47 UJN/UJS data collection Only water supply scheme SAINI R As per officials availability and data MR. VIJAY HARIDWA 48 UJN/UJS collection data collection Only water supply scheme MITTAL R

TOURISM Tourism DEPT 49 data collection Tourist population Department RISHIKES As per H officials TOURISM availability DEPT and data Tourism HARIDWA 50 collection data collection Tourist population Department R (WITH MUNISH JI) ECONOMI ECONOMICS CS AND Population and Economic 51 AND data collection STATISTIC As per data collection STATISTICS S officials availability MR. NAMIT OFFICE and data 52 UJN/UJS RAMOLA – DEHRADU collection data collection Only water supply scheme EE N

MR. DEHRADU 53 UJN/UJS RAJENDRA data collection Only water supply scheme N As per ROHELLA officials availability and data MR. MANOJ DEHRADU 54 UJN/UJS collection data collection Only water supply scheme BHATT N

As per DEHRADU 55 UJN/UJS Mr A. K. Soni officials data collection Only water supply scheme N availability

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Respondent/ S. Department/ Date of Issues addressed / Recommendations / Stakeholder Location No Stakeholder Consultation Agenda Outcomes Group and data collection

Figure 1: Photographs of Stakeholder Consultation

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

(A). List of Government Officials Consulted

S. N0. NAME LOCATION CONTACT NO. 1. MS. KARUNA SINGH – PRADHAN NATHANPUR 9719091000 2. MR. HARSHMAAN ‐ PRADHAN NATHUWALA 9411137931 3. MR. N.S KANDARI – PRADHAN RAIPUR 9927227611 4. MR. ROSHANRATURI (PARSHAD) DHALWALA ‐ 5. MS. PUSHPA UNIYAL – PRADHAN GUMANIWALA 9760618482 6. MR. SWARUP SINGH PUNDIR – PRADHAN KHARAKMAFI 9897371405 7. MS. SOBHA RAWAT – PRADHAN PRATIT NAGAR 7983238681 8. MR. SATYANDER DHAMADA – PRADHAN HARIPUR KALAN 9897117299 9. MR. AKASH WALIA – PRADHAN JAGJEETPUR 8449736736 10. MR. KRISHAN KUMAR–PRADHAN BAHADARABAD 9837092672 11. MS. NEERAJA– PRADHAN RAWALI MEHDOOD 9917505228 BHANGAERI 12. MR. PRADHAN 9917075492 MAHAWAT PUR 13. MR. YASHPAL– PRADHAN DHANDERA 9837560226 14. MR. SATYANDER SINGH– PRADHAN SAIDPURA 9719464721 15. MS. MUSKAN– PRADHAN NAGLA IMARTI 9927129296 16. MR. SATYANDER PRAKASH– PRADHAN MOHANPURA 9760621061 C.D OFFICE 17. MR. HARSMANI PANT 9690016462 (DEHRADUN) IRRIGATION 18. MR. R.D. PANT 9012950583 (DEHRADUN) IRRIGATION 19. MR. DEEPAK JOSHI ‐ AE 9568490206 (DEHRADUN) 20. MR. RAJWAR ADB (UUSDA) 9927184448 21. MR. TYAGI TATA CONSULTANT ‐ 22. MR. SWARUP SINGH PUNDIR– PRADHAN KHARAKMAFI 9897371405 23. MR. MAHIPAL SINGH DR. NAGAR NIGAM ‐ DDN 9760553193

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

S. N0. NAME LOCATION CONTACT NO. JAL NIGAM 24. MR. SITA RAM ‐ EE 7830600060 (DEHRADUN) 25. MR. BELWAL– AE DEHRADUN 8755993322 26. MR. M.M. SHARMA ‐ AE DEHRADUN ‐ JAL SANSTHAN 27. MR. NURASH PAL ‐ EE 9997887871 (HARIDWAR) JAL NIGAM 28. MR. MUNISH KRARA – EE 9412938962 (HARIDWAR) 29. MR. AVS RAWAT – AE RISHIKESH 9411135841 30. MR. CHAUHAN JI ‐ SDO RISHIKESH ‐ 31. MR. VINOD RAMOLA – EE RAIPUR 9412056111 32. MR. JAGDISH PAWAR ‐ JE RAIPUR ‐ 33. MR. HIMANSU NOUTIYAL ‐ JE RAIPUR ‐ 34. MR. DEVESH PANT ‐ SDO HALDWANI 9412042296 35. MR. HIMANSHU – EE HALDWANI 7409060605 HALDWANI –NAGAR 36. MR. CHANDRA KATHAIT 7533907799 NIGAM 37. MR. VISHAL KUMAR –EE UJS HALDWANI 9412086776 38. MR. SURAJ PINDEL RISHIKESH 8859868714 39. MR. R K SAINI HARIDWAR 7830500431 40. MR. VIJAY MITTAL HARIDWAR 9997489227 41. MR. NAMIT RAMOLA – EE DEHRADUN 9411145000 42. MR. RAJENDRA ROHELLA DEHRADUN 9897328106 43. MR. MANOJ BHATT DEHRADUN 9412005464

44. Mr. A. K. Soni DEHRADUN +91 79063 41933

(B). Date of Stakeholder Consultation

Stakeholder Discussion Venue Discussion points 27th Sept., 2018 along with all the key  Existing situation analysis for professionals at 10:30 AM at SWSM office water supply, sanitation and Dehradun SLWM 27th October 2018  Ground water scnerio  Community participation 15th December 2018 At SWSM  Population projection office  Service Level Benchmarks 17th January 2019  Proposal for Master Plan  Short term and long terms 25th January 2019 proposals 7th March 2019  Environmental and social

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

20th April 2019 issues  Willingness to pay 1st June 2019 Workshop on dated 30th July 2019 (UJS/UJN/WB/WRD/MDDA and Other Pacific Hotel Department)

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ANNEXURE 4. : TECHNICAL CALCULATION

REF: Chapter 9 and 12 of Draft Master Plan 4.1 OHT Mass Curve

4.2 Mass Curve for Corridor no 1:

STORAGE CAPACITY OF RESERVOIR (Dhalwala, Raipur, Natthanpur, Natthuwa Wala, Gumaniwala) (Draw off Pattern) A:‐ Peak factor = 3.0 B:‐ Peak hour demand = 3.0a C:‐ Av. Pumping hour = 16 Hrs. D:‐ Average hourly input = 24/16=1.5 a =(24 hrs./av. Pumping hrs.)

Rate Rate Total Total Cumulative of Total Cumulative Difference Hours of hour Inflow inflow Draw Draw off Draw off Excess/Deficit Inflow off 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.00‐2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.16 2.00‐4.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 3.00 0.08 0.16 0.32 ‐2.68 4.00‐5.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.50 0.20 0.20 0.52 ‐3.98 5.00‐6.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 6.00 0.50 0.50 1.02 ‐4.98 6.00‐8.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 9.00 3.00 6.00 7.02 ‐1.98 8.00‐9.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 10.50 3.00 3.00 10.02 ‐0.48 9.00‐10.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 12.00 2.00 2.00 12.02 0.02 10.00‐12.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 12.00 1.00 2.00 14.02 2.02 12.00‐13.30 1.50 0.00 0.00 12.00 1.00 1.50 15.52 3.52 13.30‐14.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 12.00 0.25 0.13 15.65 3.65 14.00‐14.30 0.50 1.50 0.75 12.75 0.25 0.13 15.77 3.02 14.30‐15.30 1.00 1.50 1.50 14.25 0.24 0.24 16.01 1.76 15.30‐16.00 0.50 1.50 0.75 15.00 1.00 0.50 16.51 1.51 16.00‐16.30 0.50 1.50 0.75 15.75 1.00 0.50 17.01 1.26 16.30‐17.00 0.50 1.50 0.75 16.50 2.00 1.00 18.01 1.51 17.00‐18.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 18.00 2.00 2.00 20.01 2.01 18.00‐19.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 19.50 2.00 2.00 22.01 2.51 19.00‐20.30 1.50 1.50 2.25 21.75 1.00 1.50 23.51 1.76 20.30‐21.00 0.50 1.50 0.75 22.50 0.50 0.25 23.76 1.26 21.00‐22.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 24.00 0.08 0.08 23.84 ‐0.16 22.00‐23.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.08 0.08 23.92 ‐0.08 23.00‐24.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.08 0.08 24.00 0.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 309.00 24.00 Balancing Capacity of reservoir = max excess‐max. deficit Balancing Capacity of reservoir = 3.65 (‐) ‐4.98 x a

= 8.625 x a 0.359375 Of Demand

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

STORAGE CAPACITY OF RESERVOIR (Rishikesh Dehat, Pratitnagar, Haripur Kalan and Kharak Mafi) (Draw off Pattern) A:‐ Peak factor = 3.0 B:‐ Peak hour demand = 3.0a C:‐ Av. Pumping hour = 16 Hrs. D:‐ Average hourly input = 24/16=1.5 a =(24 hrs./av. Pumping hrs.)

Rate Rate Total Total Cumulative of Total Cumulative Difference Hours of hour Inflow inflow Draw Draw off Draw off Excess/Deficit Inflow off 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0.00‐2.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.16 0.16 0.16 2.00‐4.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 3.00 0.08 0.16 0.32 ‐2.68 4.00‐5.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 4.50 0.06 0.06 0.38 ‐4.12 5.00‐6.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 6.00 1.00 1.00 1.38 ‐4.62 6.00‐8.00 2.00 1.50 3.00 9.00 3.00 6.00 7.38 ‐1.62 8.00‐9.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 10.50 3.00 3.00 10.38 ‐0.12 9.00‐10.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 12.00 1.50 1.50 11.88 ‐0.12 10.00‐12.00 2.00 0.00 0.00 12.00 1.50 3.00 14.88 2.88 12.00‐13.30 1.50 0.00 0.00 12.00 0.50 0.75 15.63 3.63 13.30‐14.00 0.50 0.00 0.00 12.00 0.25 0.13 15.76 3.76 14.00‐14.30 0.50 1.50 0.75 12.75 0.25 0.13 15.88 3.13 14.30‐15.30 1.00 1.50 1.50 14.25 0.25 0.25 16.13 1.88 15.30‐16.00 0.50 1.50 0.75 15.00 0.75 0.38 16.51 1.51 16.00‐16.30 0.50 1.50 0.75 15.75 1.00 0.50 17.01 1.26 16.30‐17.00 0.50 1.50 0.75 16.50 2.00 1.00 18.01 1.51 17.00‐18.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 18.00 2.00 2.00 20.01 2.01 18.00‐19.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 19.50 2.00 2.00 22.01 2.51 19.00‐20.30 1.50 1.50 2.25 21.75 1.00 1.50 23.51 1.76 20.30‐21.00 0.50 1.50 0.75 22.50 0.50 0.25 23.76 1.26 21.00‐22.00 1.00 1.50 1.50 24.00 0.08 0.08 23.84 ‐0.17 22.00‐23.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.08 0.08 23.92 ‐0.09 23.00‐24.00 1.00 0.00 0.00 24.00 0.08 0.08 24.00 ‐0.01 24.00 24.00 24.00 309.00 24.00 Balancing Capacity of reservoir = max excess‐max. deficit Balancing Capacity of reservoir = 3.76 (‐) ‐4.62 x a

= 8.375 x a 0.348958 Of Demand

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

4.3 Adopted Standard for Solid Waste Management System

I. Vehicles/Equipment Door-to-Door Collection 1. Collection Equipment System Unit 1 Containerized Push Carts Door-to-door collection Door-to-door Auto % HH Usage collection Tippers covered 40% % HH Requirement one cart will serve 250 HH Push Carts covered 60% Requirement HH per unit 250 Total D-D coverage 100% Additional % units 10% Life period years 5 Temporary storage bins waste to be handled 2 Auto Rickshaws Door-to-door Usage collection 3 m3 containers 50% Requirement one cart will serve 1,800 HH 4.5 m3 containers 50% HH per unit 1,800 total 100% Additional % units 0% Life period years 15

3 Push Carts/Wheel Barrows Sweeping & Drain Cleaning Requirement beats served by unit 1 Additional % units 25% Life period years 10

4 Litter Bins on main/important roads Usage Litter collection Requirement at distance of 50 m no’s per km 20 Additional % units 25% Life period years 5

Closed Containers (3 m3) Usage Temporary storage Closed metal easy for lifting, transport & Type unload Size of containers m3 3 Waste density t/m3 0.45 requirement no’s / ton of waste 0.7407407 additional requirement 50% Life period years 10

Dumper Placers (twin 3 m3)

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Usage To transport containers to disposal site Type Dual container of 3 m3 - hydraulic lifting Requirement 1 unit for 16 container no’s/container 0.0625 additional requirement 0% Life period years 15

Closed Containers (4.5 m3) Usage Temporary storage Closed metal easy for lifting, transport & Type unload Size of containers m3 4.5 Waste density t/m3 0.45 requirement no’s / ton of waste 0.4938272 additional requirement 50% Life period years 10

Dumper Placers (twin 4.5 m3) Usage To transport containers to disposal site Type Dual container of 3 m3 - hydraulic lifting Requirement 1 unit for 16 containers no’s/container 0.0625 additional requirement 0% Life period years 15

Landfill equipment: Usage No’s Backhoe Loader leveling/moving/loading 1 Bull Dozer Moving/compaction 1 Life period Years 25

Sanitary workers 1 per beat 1 Street Sweeping Door-to-Door collection Through push carts 1 per cart (175 HH) 250 Through auto tippers 2 per auto (1200 HH) 1,800 Excess requirement 17%

4.4 Sludge Generation Calculation

4.4.1 Sludge Generation Calculation: Corridor no 1

In light of the NUSP and advisory on septage (MoUD, 2012), the HPEC trajectories and possible initiatives during the 12th plan, it is proposed that town shold create septage treatment facilities to manage the treatment of septage from toilets connected to septic tanks. Once Town converting from 26

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM septage msystem to sewerage system than septage management will discontinue. In this master plan we have proposed septage management system for 10‐15 years all periurban towns until sewerage system.

Septage extracted from on‐site treatment systems such as septic tanks is dependent on the design and frequency of emptying of septage from the septic tank. The following calculation shows how to find the sludge generation rate from a septic tank where excreta and domestic wastewater are treated together. Flow rate of water: 135 L/person/day Septage generation rate: 135 L/person/day × 200 mg/L × 10 ‐ 3 = 27 g/person/day.

Corridor no 1 Combined Sludge Generation rate from a Year Population Data septic tank kg/ day 2018 2650 Census 2023 6540 2028 8425 2033 9735 2038 10765 Projected 2043 11610 2048 12358 2053 12934

In Dehradun there is about 115 MLD capacity Sewage Treatment Plant installed and only 26 MLD waste water is coming for the treatment. As per aove table for mid year 10.765 MLD capacity required for corridor no 1 for septage treatment. Existing treatment plant is having sufficient capacity for the septage treatment.

Faecal sludge can also be treated along with sewage (co‐treatment) at a STP. Co‐treatment of faecal sludge with sewage is done many a time at STPs, as most of them have ample spare capacity. But, care needs to be taken as septage and faecal sludge have high strengths and can lead to increased organic loading, leading to overloading and process failure in a STP. So, separate preliminary treatment and solids‐liquid separation facilities are provided for septage and faecal sludge to reduce the overall load.

There are a number of “treatment options: gravity based biological treatment, mechanical centrifugal, chemical flocculants treatment, membrane‐based and filtration systems, electrical heat and drying, incinerators etc. Treatment for wastewater and liquid content of faecal waste matter can also be biological plant based systems, membrane and filtration, chlorination, ultra violet, among others.”

sludge generation City Year Population Population Data rate kg/ day 2018 21309 306.85 Survey 2023 29569 798.36 Dhalwala 2028 36035 972.95 Projected 2033 41070 1108.89 2038 45590 1230.93 27

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

sludge generation City Year Population Population Data rate kg/ day 2043 49639 1340.25 2048 53243 1437.56 2053 56811 1533.90 2018 33092 516.24 Survey 2023 49462 1335.47 2028 59725 1612.58 2033 67431 1820.64 Raipur 2038 73812 1992.92 Projected 2043 79262 2140.07 2048 84239 2274.45 2053 83532 2255.36 2018 17445 293.08 Survey 2023 24683 666.44 2028 30886 833.92 2033 35272 952.34 Natthanpur 2038 38769 1046.76 Projected 2043 41698 1125.85 2048 44346 1197.34 2053 46988 1268.68 2018 17482 230.76 Survey 2023 23883 644.84 2028 33295 898.97 2033 40059 1081.59 Natthuwa Wala 2038 45282 1222.61 Projected 2043 49489 1336.20 2048 53102 1433.75 2053 56514 1525.88 2018 41213 659.41 Survey 2023 47869 1292.46 2028 67904 1833.41 2033 79649 2150.52 Rishikesh Dehat 2038 87603 2365.28 Projected 2043 93296 2518.99 2048 98102 2648.75 2053 102591 2769.96 2018 9690 67.83 Survey 2023 13717 370.36 2028 17775 479.93 2033 20642 557.33 Gumaniwala 2038 22886 617.92 Projected 2043 24732 667.76 2048 26366 711.88 2053 27966 755.08 2018 15388 184.66 Survey Pratitnagar 2023 18852 509.00 Projected 2028 22479 606.93 28

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

sludge generation City Year Population Population Data rate kg/ day 2033 24958 673.87 2038 27071 730.92 2043 28934 781.22 2048 30718 829.39 2053 32577 879.58 2018 13277 201.81 Survey 2023 20664 557.93 2028 28158 760.27 2033 34024 918.65 Haripur Kalan 2038 38792 1047.38 Projected 2043 42740 1153.98 2048 46146 1245.94 2053 49312 1331.42 2018 10734 188.92 Survey 2023 13520 365.04 2028 15780 426.06 2033 17450 471.15 Kharak Mafi 2038 18911 510.60 Projected 2043 20206 545.56 2048 21448 579.10 2053 22744 614.09 2018 35840 630.78 Survey 2023 39090 1055.43 2028 42340 1143.18 2033 45590 1230.93 Jeevangarh 2038 48840 1318.68 Projected 2043 52090 1406.43 2048 55340 1494.18 2053 58590 1581.93 2018 114469.8 2014.67 Survey 2023 135492.8 3658.31 2028 156515.8 4225.93 2033 177538.8 4793.55 Mehuwala Mafi 2038 198561.8 5361.17 Projected 2043 219584.8 5928.79 2048 240607.8 6496.41 2053 261630.8 7064.03 2018 20421 359.41 Survey 2023 59572.67 1608.46 2028 74907.67 2022.51 Central Hope 2033 90242.67 2436.55 Town 2038 105577.7 2850.60 Projected 2043 120912.7 3264.64 2048 136247.7 3678.69 2053 151582.7 4092.73

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ANNEXURE 5. : COST ESTIMATE CALCULATION

REF: Chapter 13 of Draft Master Plan

5.1 Cost Estimate: Water Supply

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Growth Corridor I: Dehradun‐Rishikesh OHT CWR Pumping Appx Cost Requireme Adop CWR Cost size Cost @18 m nt @ 2 hrs. ted Cost @20 Rising (INR‐ Demand OHT ht (INR‐ storage size (INR‐ Lakhs main Lakh S.NO TOWN MLD Requirement Lakhs) (KL) (KL) Lakhs) per MLD Size s) 1 Dhalwala 7.10 400 KL 47.0 591 600 24.42 142 400 1910 Feeder Main 2 Raipur 12.97 500 KL 56.3 1081 1100 41.58 259 250 300 3 Natthanpur 5.48 1500 KL 34.6 0 0 0 110 150 135 4 Natthuwa Wala 4.43 200 KL 34.6 369 400 17.6 89 150 65 5 Rishikesh Dehat 13.71 500 KL 56.3 1142 1150 43.47 274 250 1050 6 Gumaniwala 2.95 100 KL 26.9 246 250 13.6 59 150 55 7 Pratitnagar 2.90 100 KL 26.9 241 250 13.6 58 150 80 8 Haripur Kalan 5.78 300 KL 36.6 482 500 21.2 116 150 115 9 Kharak Mafi 2.55 100 KL 26.9 212 250 13.6 51 100 90 10 Jeevangarh 9.10 500 KL 56.3 758 800 31.44 182 200 160 11 Mehuwala Mafi 40.62 400 KL 47.0 3385 3400 76.50 812 400 385 Central Hope 12 Town 23.53 1106 KL 20.40 31.60 470 300 265 Total Capital Cost 470 337 2622 4610

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

Rate Analysis: Ductile Iron (DI) Pipes Guidance for use of Tool:i) Adopt current market rate in column Conditions about excise duty, transportation, CST to be suitably accounted. ii)Rate in column 3 are with Nill Excise duty against valid Excise Duty Exemption certificate to be provided by the buyer along with the order / before production Central Excise Notification No. 6/2006 as amended by Central Excise Notification No. 6/2007 dated 1st March 2007. However, if excise duty is leviable than put suitable % in cell D3.Inspection charges included. These rates are FOR NCR as such transportation taken 0% however if transportation is extra then put suitable % in cell E3. These rates are with CST zero against form C. If it is to be added then take suitable % in cell F3. Rubber gasket included in rate. If not included then add suitable cost for rubber ring. iii) Green cells may be reviewed and suitably revised/updated if needed. Supply, Laying, Jointing Field Testing & Rate of Transportatio CST Excise Local Breakage Total Laying and Contractors Total Specials Total Rate Commissioning complete at site as per Rs per n at duty at handling at Jointing of Profit at at inclusive specifications of centrifugally cast Meter and pipes & of specials (spun) Ductile Iron Pressure Pipes (S storage at hydraulic (INR) &S) ISI marked for water conforming to testing at IS 8329/2000 with push on type EPDM 'ISI marked' rubber gasket jointing as per IS 5382 specifications. Pipe shall be outside Zinc coated with finishing layer of Bitumen and have factory cement mortar lining as per IS 8329/2000. The rates includes all cost of material, labour required, transportation, loading, unloading & stacking etc. complete and also includes the cost of EPDM 'ISI marked' rubber gasket SOR : GoUK 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1% 1% 2.50% 10% 3% 100 mm K9 ‐ ‐ ‐ 10.32 10.32 1,052.64 26.32 107.90 1,187 35.61 1,222 1,032 150 mm K9 ‐ ‐ ‐ 14.77 14.77 1,506.54 37.66 154.42 1,699 50.96 1,750 1,477 200 mm K9 ‐ ‐ ‐ 18.91 18.91 1,928.82 48.22 197.70 2,175 65.24 2,240 1,891 250 mm K9 ‐ ‐ ‐ 25.32 25.32 2,582.64 64.57 264.72 2,912 87.36 2,999 2,532 300 mm K9 ‐ ‐ ‐ 31.81 31.81 3,244.62 81.12 332.57 3,658 109.75 3,768 3,181 350 mm K9 ‐ ‐ ‐ 38.14 38.14 3,890.28 97.26 398.75 4,386 131.59 4,518 3,814 400 mm K9 4,596 ‐ ‐ ‐ 45.96 45.96 4,687.92 117.20 480.51 5,286 158.57 5,444

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

5.2 Cost Estimate: Standard for Water Supply System

Following estimate based on water demand for mid year.

Rishikesh Dehat General Abstract (Cr.)

S.No. Sub head of Works Amount in Rs. In Crores Sr. No. Description Total 1 Dismantling & Road Restoration 13.76 2 Earthwork 2.98 3 Providing and laying of pipes 8.40 4 Valves and Chambers 0.54 5 Water Connections 13.91 6 Over Head Tank 2.98 7 Tube Well & Power Connection 4.22 8 Pump and Related Electrical Items 2.05 9 PLC‐SCADA 1.12 10 Thrust Block 0.04 11 Injecting Doser 0.52 12 Pressure Transmitter (In line) 0.10 13 Electromagnetic Flow Meter 0.33 14 & 15 Building, Office and railway crossing 1.47 Amount (Crores) 52.42 A Amount (Lakhs.) 52.42 B Index/GST 6.140 C Total Amount (Crores) 58.56 Centage @ 12.5% on Item 'A' (Crores) 5.86 Contingency @ 4 % on Item 'A' (Crores) 1.21 Total Project Cost (Crores) 65.63

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ANNEXURE 6. : Policies/Regulatory Framework and Programs on Water & Sanitation

The Government of India (GoI) has made significant investments in the WSS (Water Supply and Sanitation) sector as well as Sewerage and SLWM (Solid and Liquid Waste Management) across urban and rural areas and has shown continuous commitment through bringing in sectoral reforms, enhanced financial allocations, policy directions, and actions for improvising monitoring and reporting mechanisms in the sector.

For urban areas, Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) (Urban), SMART Cities, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT), and the erstwhile Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) are the major schemes providing funding support to the WSS sector. The GoI’s National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) and Swachh Bharat Mission‐Gramin (SBM‐G) are the flagship programs focusing on water and sanitation in rural areas.

These programs/schemes also emphasise institutional reforms and capacity building of key stakeholders besides providing support for infrastructure coverage. The Guidelines of the Ministry of Urban Development (MoUD), GoI, also guides for the planning of Peri‐urban areas and suggests provisions of WSS services at par with urban standards. Some of the major schemes, programs and policies have been discussed below: WSS Sector

Post‐independence at the time of launch of India's planned development, the Environmental Hygiene Committee recommended a programme to provide safe water supply to all villages within a certain period as a part of First Five Year Plan (1951‐56). For this purpose, the National Water Supply Programme was launched in 1954, under the health sector. Until the Third Five Year Plan (1961‐66), drinking water supply in the rural areas was a component of the Community Development Programme. This effort was supplemented by the Ministry of Health under the then National Water Supply and Sanitation Programme. In 1972‐73, Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme (ARWSP) was launched to supplement the efforts of State Governments, especially in the areas of acute water scarcity and those endemic to water borne diseases. The programme gained further momentum during the Fifth Five Year Plan (1974‐79) under the Minimum Needs Programme. In 1986, the National Drinking Water Mission (NDWM), popularly known as the ‘Technology Mission’ was launched in order to provide scientific input and cost effective technological solutions to address water scarcity.

In the Eighth Plan (1992‐97), Sub‐missions for tackling thequality problem, i.e. habitations suffering from excess Arsenic, Fluoride, Iron, salinity, scarcity of water sources, and requiring sustainability of the sources & the systems, were taken up. In 1999‐2000, decentralized, demand‐driven, community‐ managed sector reforms were undertaken involving gram Panchayats/ local community in planning, implementation and management of drinking water schemes. This was later scaled up as Swajaldhara in 2002 and was implemented till 2007‐08. In 2004‐05, ARWSP became part of Bharat Nirman aiming atfull coverage of habitations by 2008‐09. The ARWSP was implemented till the year 2008‐09 of Eleventh Plan (2007‐12). In 2009‐10, it was modified and renamed as National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) with major emphasis on ensuring thesustainability of water availability in terms

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM of portability, adequacy, convenience, affordability and equity, on a sustainable basis, adopting decentralized approach involving Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) and community organizations. In 2013, certain changes were introduced in NRDWP, viz.(i) providing focus on piped water supply schemes (ii) wherever possible, enhancing service level from 40 lpcd to 55 lpcd (iii) providing greater thrust on water quality and Japanese Encephalitis‐Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (JE‐AES) affected districts(iv) waste water treatment, recycling and(v) O&M of ageing schemes. In 2017, NRDWP was restructured to (i) make it more competitive, result‐oriented and outcome‐based (ii) provide flexibility to states while implementing the programme by reducing its components; and (iii) providing piped water supply with the only exception allowed in JE‐AES affected districts From 1951 to 2019, efforts were focused on providing safe drinking water supply to rural population either through hand pumps, protected wells or piped water supply with public stand posts as delivery points. Inthe last few decades, as reported by States, viz. Gujarat, Goa, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Sikkim, Telangana, etc. have focused on providing tap connections to rural households. Of late, many States are making concerted efforts to cover all rural households with piped water supply. Under NRDWP, apart from funding regular infrastructure for coverage of rural areas, water quality issues were also addressed and special project funds were made available to States. As part of these efforts, National Water Quality Sub Mission (NWQSM) was launched in February, 2017 with an objective to make provision of safe drinking water to Arsenic and Fluoride affected habitations by March, 2021. It envisages that these habitations will have access to safe drinking water either

Through piped water supply or short‐term measures, i.e. community based purification plant with theprovision of 8‐ 10 lpcd for drinking and cooking purposes. Further, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare has identified 60 districts in five States, which are affected with JE‐AES. Department/ National Mission are providing special assistance to States for providing safe drinking water in these affected districts. To enable PHEDs/ RWS departments to monitor quality of water supply and empower thelocal community to keep surveillance on thequality of water supplied, Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance (WQM&S) programme is under implementation. The activities include setting up and up‐gradation of State, District and Sub‐Division level water quality testing laboratories, provisioning of mobile laboratories (for outreach and to be used during calamity), procurement of Field Test Kits (FTKs), periodic monitoring of water quality of various drinking water sources and capacity building of grassroots level workers for basic water quality tests.

(A) AMRUT/JNNURM1

Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT)/Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM)

Having an urban focus, one of the objectives of AMRUT and its earlier form, JNNURM, is to ensure that every household has access to a safe and assured supply of tapped water and a sewerage connection in urban areas, particularly for women, based on parameters and standards developed by the MoUD ‐ the Service Level Benchmarks (SLBs).

Water supply, sewerage facilities, and septage management are among the priorities identified by the mission, and include:

 Augmentation of existing water supply, WTPs, and universal metering  Rehabilitation of old water supply systems, including treatment plants  Rejuvenation of water bodies specifically for drinking water supply and groundwater recharge

1Uttarakhand Water Supply and Sanitation Program for Peri‐urban Areas‐ Environmental and Social Systems Assessment

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

 Special water supply arrangement for difficult areas, hills, and coastal cities, including those with water quality problems (for example, arsenic and fluoride)  Decentralization  Recovery of operational cost in full

The scheme becomes relevant for those Peri‐urban/rural areas notified and brought within the municipal limits of cities covered under AMRUT ‐ Dehradun, Haridwar, Haldwani‐Kathgodam, Rudrapur, Kashipur, and Roorkee.

(B). Uttarakhand Urban Sector Development Investment Program (UUSDIP)

Funded through both Asian Development Bank (ADB) and JNNURM/AMRUT funds, this program is implemented by the Urban Development Department, GoUK. It has five components ‐ water supply, wastewater management, solid waste management, slum improvement, and roads and traffic management. Activities relevant to water supply include improving and augmenting water supply and the distribution network, rationalizing, optimizing, and metering water supply, reducing (NRW; and providing 24×7 water supply.

(C). Uttarakhand Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project (2006‐2015)

URWSSP was launched by Uttarakhand govt. in 2006 to improve the effectiveness of rural water supply and sanitation (RWSS) services through decentralization and the increased role of the Panchayati Raj Institutions and the involvement of local communities in the state of Uttarakhand. The project was envisaged on the principle of ‘subsidiarity’ viz., that a particular decision/activity will be made/take place at the lowest most appropriate level. The habitation is the focal point for planning, implementation, operation & maintenance of the water supply scheme, rather than revenue village or the Gram Panchayat (GP). The key features of this project are:

 Construction of new water supply schemes.  Integrated Approach for Water Supply, Sanitation, and Catchment Area Programs.  Decentralized institutional framework for the RWSS sector including increased role of PRIs and involvement of local communities.

(D). Swajaldhara2 (2002)

In order to give momentum to the drinking water supply Programme, Government of India created a separate department of Drinking Water Supply in 1999. In this context, the Ministry of Rural Development launched Sector Reform initiatives. The “Swajaldhara” Programme is an extension of these reform initiatives. According to the government, it is a very powerful step forward to provide drinking water to all water‐scarce villages in the shortest possible time and at least cost. The key elements of this Scheme are that the rural people should feel the ownership and, therefore, contribute at least 10% of the capital expenditure of the Scheme upfront; and the communities and their Gram Panchayats must shoulder the Operation and Maintenance (O&M) responsibility of the Schemes.

Swajaldhara will have two Dharas (streams). First Dhara (Swajaldhara I) will be for a Gram Panchayat (GP) or a group of GPs or an intermediate Panchayat (at Block / Tehsil level) and the Second Dhara (Swajaldhara II) will have a District as the Project area.

2Guidelines on Swajaldhara, 2002

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

(E). Swajal3 (2.0)

Swajal‐2.0 is a demand‐driven and community centred program initiated by the ministry of DDWS, GOI in 2018 to provide sustainable access to drinking water to people in rural areas. It envisages that the State government, in partnership with rural communities, shall plan, design, construct, operate and maintain their water supply and sanitation schemes so that they get potable water and attain health and hygiene benefits. The State Government and its sector institutions shall act as supporter, facilitator and co‐financier and as per need shall provide technical assistance, training and cater for bigger construction works and sectoral contingencies.

Swajal 2.0 was originally launched as a pilot scheme in February 2018 in six States of Bihar, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan. Later, it was extended to all the 112 aspirational districts identified by NITI Aayog. Pilot schemes taken up original Swajal would continue to be funded under the Programme. It challenges the aspirational districts to have a demand‐ based scheme instead of a routine supply based one. Gram Panchayats in partnership with rural communities and State Sectoral agencies would be involved in the execution of the scheme and also operate and maintain the scheme. The guidelines are advisory in nature and provide flexibility to the States to further improvise the scheme implementation keeping in view the local requirements and existing procedures.

(G). Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) 2019

This Jal Jeevan Mission program/scheme was launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister on 15th August 2019 will lead to a huge investment in water infrastructure development in the rural areas of the country that will help in addressing the issues of drinking water supply.

Jal Jeevan Mission is envisioned to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India. The programme will also implement source sustainability measures as mandatory elements, such as recharge and reuse through grey water management, water conservation, rain water harvesting. The Jal Jeevan Mission will be based on a community approach to water and will include extensive Information, Education and communication as a key component of the mission. JJM looks to create a JanAndolan for water, thereby making it everyone’s priority. Sewerage and SLWM

(A). NamamiGange (Integrated Ganga Conservation Mission)

It is for the entire Ganga river basin and works to rejuvenate River Ganga, including consolidation of existing efforts for the management of activities along the river. An action plan has been developed for implementing the program for which seven ministries have been working together. The activities include Nirmal Dhara, encouraging water reuse, monitoring water quality, and developing river regulation zones along banks of Ganga as well as bank beautification activities for selected towns along the river. A total of INR 2,037 crores has been put aside for conservation activities and another INR 100 crores for ghat development. AviralDhara is to look at enforcing river regulatory zones along the banks of Ganga, rationalizing agricultural practices, irrigation efficiencies, and restoration and conservation of wetlands. In Uttarakhand, so far 18 projects have been sanctioned.

(B). Swachh Bharat Mission

3National Rural Drinking Water Programme

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

It is the program that aims to make India Open Defecation Free (ODF). Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) or Swachh Bharat Abhiyan (SBA) or Clean India Mission was a country‐wide campaign from 2014 to 2019, to eliminate open defecation and improve solid waste management (SWM) in urban and rural areas in India. To accelerate the efforts to achieve universal sanitation coverage and to put the focus on sanitation, the Prime Minister of India launched the “Swachh Bharat Mission” on 2nd October 2014. The Mission Coordinator shall be Secretary, Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (MDWS) with two Sub‐Missions, the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin) and the Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban), which aims to achieve Swachh Bharat by 2019, as a fitting tribute to the 150th Birth Anniversary of Mahatma Gandhi. The main objective is to improve the levels of cleanliness in rural areas through Solid and Liquid Waste Management activities and making Gram Panchayats Open Defecation Free (ODF), clean and sanitized. The main objectives of the SBM (G) are as under:

 Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas, by promoting cleanliness, hygiene and eliminating open defecation.  Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas to achieve the vision of Swachh Bharat by 2nd October 2019.  Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions to adopt sustainable sanitation practices and facilities through awareness creation and health education.  Encourage cost‐effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation.  Develop where required, Community managed sanitation systems focusing on scientific Solid & Liquid Waste Management systems for overall cleanliness in the rural areas.

(C). Bin Less State‐ Lean Waste Management System

The State Government of Uttarakhand has decided to adopt unique practices of waste handling that can improve the sanitation condition drastically and uplift the State’s overall image. Thus, the Government has predominantly decided to create the entire city of the State as “Bin less State”. Hence, the management of waste through underground developed infrastructure, the “LEAN WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” is looked as an important evolution which would allow for the efficient and cost‐effective tackling of one of the more pressing needs of the State of Uttarakhand. By introducing Lean Waste Collection Management System (LWCMS), the Government intends to optimize rapidly the traditional approach, where waste containers are replaced by underground or semi‐underground waste collection containers/ bins. These bin systems have their greater portion placed underground, having only their inlets above the ground surface. Regulatory Framework

The Union List (List‐1): Regulations and development of inter‐state rivers and river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union are declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.

The State List (List‐2): Water, that is to say, water supplies, irrigation & canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List‐1. The subject of water is a matter at entry 17 of List‐2 i.e. State List. This entry is subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List‐1, The Union List.

A. Uttarakhand (U.P.) Water Supply and Sewerage Act‐ 1975.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

This act provides for the creation of state‐level agencies‐the UJN and UJS for implementing and managing WSS‐related schemes—and spells out their powers and functions. It makes the UJN liable to render all necessary services with regard to WSS to the local bodies and disburse loans to them for their WSS schemes. The UJS has been assigned the responsibility to plan, promote, and execute an efficient scheme on water supply; provide water supplies in times of any emergency; and acquire and possess land to carry out any water supply/sanitation‐related works. Section 33 (1) of the act provides that after the UJS is made responsible for an area, all WSS services, including the infrastructure created for them and all the rights, liabilities, and obligations of local bodies to these services and infrastructure, will be vested, stand transferred to, and be subject to the control of the UJS. Where the UJS and local bodies are managing WSS services in a contiguous area, they would be liable to coordinate their activities (Section 35). Section 49 (2A) provides that the state may transfer the management of a WSS scheme to the UJN in case of mismanagement by the local body or by the UJS.

B. Kumaon and Garhwal Water (Collection, Retention, and Distribution) Act ‐ 1975. This act was enacted to regulate and control water resources to ensure its rational distribution for various proposes. Through this act, the individual and community customary rights to water were abolished, and all water sources were brought under the jurisdiction of the state. Therefore, in case of any conflict on rights on water resources that includes the state, the rights of the state shall prevail, even if there were earlier customary rights to the resources. Construction of any private water channel, tank, reservoir, or water mill or installation of any pumping machine or pipeline for taking water from any water source requires the permission of the Sub‐Divisional Magistrate (SDM). With regard to resource conservation, the Act empowers the state government to demarcate areas to protect water resources and to declare these areas as a ‘protected area’ (PA). This includes prohibiting cutting trees, bushes, and shrubs or burning dried grass in such areas without prior permission of the Sub‐Divisional Officer. However, the government is yet to identify such PAs.

C. Environmental quality and pollution: Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974, and The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act‐ 1977. All trade effluents, discharge from any activity, or the disposal of any waste into water systems, including that which may affect subterranean systems, should be in accordance with the standards laid out under these regulations. Also, any construction of dams, drains, and so on that may impede the flow and aggravate or lead to pollution is not permitted under the regulations. Any new outlets or discharges from treatment systems or their extensions would require consent from the SPCB, and follow the procedures laid out by them, before commencing the activity. The legislation on Cess states the need to pay a Cess based on water consumption, including for domestic purposes. However, there is a 25 percent rebate for installing an STP and cleaning the water before discharge.

D. Environment Protection Act, 1986 and Water Act Provide a framework for the prevention and control of environmental pollution due to faecal sludge and septage. The Employment of Manual Scavengers and Construction of Dry Latrines (Prohibition) Act, 1993bans dry latrines, that is, latrines with no water‐seal or flushing mechanism, and provides for their conversion into pour/flush latrines.

According to the Constitution of India, sanitation and water are included in the State List (Seventh Schedule, List II, Entries 6 and 17 respectively). In other words, the Constitution vests the power to make laws on these subjects in the State. According to the 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992, the responsibility for the planning and delivery of urban services, including sanitation, lies with Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) under local municipal laws. Also, Article 252 of the Constitution empowers Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such legislation by any other

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

State. This provision has led to the enactment by Parliament of laws relating to the environment and manual scavenging. As we have seen earlier in the figure pertaining to the FSSM chain, there is an interface between different issues in the area of FSSM; for instance, the environment, and the rights of sanitation workers. Therefore, any legislation, policies etc. made on these issues affect and interact with FSSM.

E. Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan Water Supply and Sewerage Bylaws‐ 2008. These rules notified in 2011 designate the competent authorities for sanctioning water supply connections in the state. They treat the water supplied to hospitals, old age homes, orphanages, religious places, schools, charitable institutions, and rescue homes as consumption for domestic purposes and exempt them from paying a commercial tariff. They give the officials of the UJS the power to provide or deny water supply connection based on location and feasibility of the unit and provide a temporary connection for house construction. The bylaws consider equity and provide for only one connection per premise and prohibit (and also provides for penal action) the installation of pumping devices on the mains and service pipes or use of water from a domestic connection for nondomestic purposes.

F. The National River Ganga Basin Management Act‐ 2012. There are a number of activities prohibited under the National River Ganga Basin Management (NRGBM) Act, including diversions of flows or storage of water without considering its ecological flows, dumping of waste in the rivers or active flood plains, and encroachment on river banks or active flood plains.

G. Uttarakhand Water Management and Regulation Act (UWMRA), 2013 This act ensures sustainable, equitable, and judicious management and optimal allocation of the state’s water resources through the establishment of a state water management and regulatory authority. The authority will determine and allocate water resources among various user categories based on availability at the project/utility level and establish a system to monitor and measure the actual use among different user categories; fix, regulate, and monitor a water tariff system; monitor water conservation and management practices; support the enhancement and preservation of the water quality, and determine standards for performance of water supply services and efficient water use by consumers.Water management and regulatory authority are still to be constituted by the state to oversee the implementation of this act. According to this regulation, the State Water Authority will determine the allocation and distribution of water resources based on the State Water Policy. It will also review and clear new water resource projects to ensure their integration with the Integrated State Water Plan and Basin‐level Plans. Monitoring and enforcing entitlements is also under the jurisdiction of this authority. In all areas where such plans are made, the actual use of water resources would need to follow identified entitlement. Presently, there is the Ganga Basin Management Plan, and supporting legislation, that would be relevant to this project.

H. Uttarakhand Water Management and Regulatory (Amendment) Act, 2016 FSSM at State and Local Levels: Municipal Laws, Model‐Laws and Sanitation Policies Like in the case of the framework at the Central level, the framework at the state level also comprises of several regulatory instruments addressing one or more aspects of FSSM. This includes regulations that govern municipal bodies, building construction, and development. Further, states can also pass model regulations/ bye‐laws on FSSM, which have to be adapted by ULBs for them to be effective. Apart from legislative instruments, the states also rely on softer instruments such as policy documents and guidelines. Further, bodies such as the State Pollution Control Boards and various arms of the State Government involved in the governance of programs such as SBM‐Urban, AMRUT etc. also become

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM involved in the business of regulating FSSM. This study navigates through this complex institutional and legal web. This part highlights some of the important aspects of the framework at the state and local levels.

I. Solid Waste Management Rules: 2016. These regulations apply to all waste generators, including the ULBs, outgrowths in urban agglomerations (UAs), and CTs and, therefore, will be applicable to the project. All waste would need to be segregated at sources into biodegradable, non‐biodegradable, and domestic hazardous waste and disposed of through authorized waste dealers and systems. The ULB, UA, and CT authorities need to prepare solid waste management plans that are to be followed in their jurisdiction, including establishing waste disposal for different waste streams.

J. Protocol for Septage Management, 2017 Byelaw 5 of the Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan Water Supply & Sewerage Byelaws, 2008 provides inter alia for application, sanction, execution, meter reading and billing of sewerage service connection. The application must be accompanied by a plan of the premises, which shall specify the location of sewers, soakage pits, and septic tanks, soak pit, manholes, inspection chambers, Stormwater drains etc. Byelaw 13 lays down some requirements in respect of cisterns and water closets.

K. National Policy on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM), 2017 Ministry of Urban Development (now called Housing and Urban Affairs) aims to achieve considerable progress on containment of human waste under Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), But the ministry, recognizing that the end objectives and corresponding benefits of SBM cannot be achieved without proper management of faecal sludge and septage across the value chain – notified a National Policy on Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) in February 2017 With a vision that “All Indian cities and towns become sanitized, healthy and livable and ensure sustenance of good sanitation practices with improved Onsite Sanitation Services together with faecal sludge and septage management to achieve optimum public health status and maintain a clean environment with special focus on the poor.” The key objective of this policy is to set context, priorities, and direction for, and to facilitate, nationwide implementation of FSSM services in all ULBs such that safe and sustainable sanitation becomes a reality for all in every household, street, town and city.

Master Plan for Dehradun ‐ Rishikesh Peri‐urban areas: Water Supply, Sanitation and SLWM

ANNEXURE 7. : DRAWINGS

REF: Chapter 9 of Draft Master Plan

PROPOSED

OHT NO.1 GL378.40

PROPOSED

DHALWALA

TUBEWELL ZONE-1

PROPOSED TUBEWELL

EXISTING

OHT

500 KL

ROAD ZONE-1 SHRI DEV SUMAN DEV SHRI

1800 LPM

EXISTING

TUBEWELL

PROPOSED OHT ZONE-1 PROPOSED

TUBEWELL

AREA INDUSTRIAL ZONE-1

EXISTING TUBE

WELL 1800 LPM

& OHT - 200 KL

ZONE-2

EXISTING

1800 LPM

TUBE WELL ZONE-lV S.No. 1. 4. 3. 2. ROAD LINE PROPOSED RAILWAY LINE EXISTING DESCRIPTION LEGEND

SYMBOL N.H.58

Drawn by:- Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. B-1033, Ground Floor, Green Field Colony

Bhanu Pratap TITLE :-

Sanitation, Govt. of Uttarakhand. Department of Drinking water &

PROJECT

Dhalwala Locations Map Showing Project Area

Supply Program for Peri-Urban SWSM for Uttarakhand Water

Water Supply Sanitation and Preparation of Master Plan for Areas.

DATE CLIENT DRAWING NO :-

06-05-2019

Checked by:- :- NOT TO SCALE

: :- - CONSULTANT Faridabad.

DHALWALA Deepak Sharma Review by:- Chandan Kumar RISHIKESH DEHAT(PART-2) SALVIHAR

ID of ESR - OHT-01 Zone - 01 Status- Proposed CLIENT :- Location of ESR - Near THDC Capacity of ESR - 300 KL Staging Height of ESR - 23 m PRAGATI VIHAR

Rising Main Department of Drinking water & Zone - 01 Status- Proposed Diameter - 200 mm Length - 50 m Sanitation, Govt. of Uttarakhand. Material - MS ERW

ID of Tube well - TW 1 Zone - 01 Status - Proposed EXISTING TW Location of TW -THDC Pumping Rate - 1600 LPM Preparation of Master Plan for

INDRA NAGAR Water Supply Sanitation and SWSM for Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for Peri-Urban Areas.

TITLE :- Map Showing Project Area Locations RISHIKESH DEHAT

ID of ESR - OHT-02 CONSULTANT Zone - 02 Status- Proposed ID of ESR - OHT-04 Location of ESR - Forest Land Zone - 04 Capacity of ESR - 500 KL Status- Proposed Rising Main-2A Location of ESR - Forest Land Staging Height of ESR - 18 m Zone - 02 ID of Tube well - TW 4B Status- Proposed Capacity of ESR - 1000 KL Zone - 04 Diameter - 250 mm Rising Main-4A Staging Height of ESR - 18 m Status - Proposed Zone - 04 Location of TW -Forest Land Length - 50 m Status- Proposed Material - MS ERW Diameter - 250 mm Pumping Rate - 2000 LPM ID of Tube well - TW 2A Length - 50 m Rising Main-4B Rising Main-2B Zone -02 Material - MS ERW Zone - 04 Zone - 02 Status - Proposed Status- Proposed Status- Proposed Location of TW -Forest Land Diameter - 250 mm Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Diameter - 150 mm Pumping Rate - 2000 LPM ID of Tube well - TW 4A Length - 120 m Length - 150 m Zone - 04 Material - MS ERW Material - MS ERW Status - Proposed B-1033, Ground Floor, Green Field Colony Location of TW -Forest Land EXISTING TW ID of Tube well - TW 2B Pumping Rate - 2000 LPM Faridabad. Zone - 02 Status - Existing Rising Main-4C Location of TW -Mansa devi Zone - 04 Pumping Rate - 750 LPM Status- Proposed Diameter - 250 mm Length - 400 m Material - MS ERW

ID of Tube well - TW 4C Zone - 04 MANSA DEVI COLONY Status - Proposed Location of TW -Forest Land Pumping Rate - 2000 LPM GEETA NAGAR

GSR

GUJJAR PLOT COLONY SUMAN VIHAR COLONY ID of ESR - OHT-03 DRAWING NO :- Zone - 03 Status- Proposed Location of ESR - Forest Land ID of GSR - GSR-05 Capacity of ESR - 500 KL Zone - 05 Staging Height of ESR - 19 m Status- Proposed ID of Tube well - TW 5 RISHIKESH DEHAT Location of GSR - Forest Land Zone - 05 Capacity of GSR - 400 KL Status - Proposed Rising Main-3A Rising Main-3B Height of GSR - 10 m Zone - 03 Zone - 03 Location of TW -Forest Land Status- Proposed Status- Proposed Pumping Rate - 2000 LPM Diameter - 200 mm Diameter - 100 mm SHIVAJI NAGAR Length - 50 m Length - 480 m Drawn by:- Material - MS ERW Material - MS ERW Rising Main-5 Zone - 05 ID of Tube well - TW 3A Status- Proposed Zone - 03 Diameter - 250 mm EXISTING OHT Status - Proposed Length - 50 m Bhanu Pratap Location of TW -Forest Land Material - MS ERW Pumping Rate - 1500 LPM ID of Tube well - TW 4C MALVIYA NAGAR Zone - 04 Rising Main-3C LEGEND Zone - 03 Status - Existing Status- Proposed Location of TW -Bapugram EXISTING TW Diameter - 200 mm Pumping Rate - 1400 LPM Checked by:- Length - 300 m Material - MS ERW S.No. DESCRIPTION SYMBOL AMIT GRAM COLONY EXISTING OHT Deepak Sharma ID of Tube well - TW 4F EXISTING OHT ID of Tube well - TW 3B Zone - 04 ID of Tube well - TW 4E Zone -03 Status - Existing Zone - 04 20 BIGHA COLONY Status - Existing Location of TW -Malviya Nagar Status - Existing Location of TW -Forest Land Pumping Rate - 200 LPM Location of TW -Meera Nagar 1. PROPOSED RISING PIPE LINE Pumping Rate - 300 LPM Pumping Rate - 250 LPM NOT TO SCALE ID of Tube well - TW 3C PIPE LINE Zone -03 2. Status - Proposed Location of TW -Forest Land Pumping Rate - 1200 LPM PROPOSED GSR MEERA NAGAR 3. DATE :-

4. EXISTING 06-05-2019 PROPOSED PRATITNAGAR TUBEWELL PROPOSED EXISTING OHT-2-350 KL. OHT STG.HT.21.0M AV G.L-327.26 M

L-950m L-510m D-150Ø D-200Ø PROPOSED (Near Govt. Primary School Raiwala) TUBEWELL OHT-2 L-50m D-150Ø AV TW-2 LPM-900 PUMP CAPACITY(HP)-45 Near Primary School, Raiwala

RAIWALA VILLAGE CLIENT :- Department of Drinking water & Sanitation, Govt. of Uttarakhand.

PROJECT :- Preparation of Master Plan for Water Supply Sanitation and SWSM for Uttarakhand Water Supply Program for Peri-Urban Areas.

TITLE :-

WATER SUPPLY NETWORK AT PRATITNAGAR

CONSULTANT PRATIT NAGAR

Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. B-1033, Ground Floor, Green Field Colony PROPOSED Faridabad. OHT&CWR

EXISTING EXISTING OHT-3-600 KL. INFILTRATION (Near Vacant land ) Pratit Nagar) STG.HT.170M WELL OHT-4 G.L-353.38 M RCC ROAD 1800 LPM school ARMY AREA RCC ROAD water tank OHT-3 RAILWAY TRACK RAILWAY TRACK RCC ROAD RAILWAY TRACK RUFF ROAD PROPOSED RAILWAY TRACK RAILWAY STATION DRAWING NO :- AV IMFILTRATION EXISTING TUBEWELL RAILWAY TRACK NH-53 RISHIKESH ROAD BITUMINE ROAD

POLICE STATION POLICE PRATITNAGAR WELL SBI BANK

AV RAILWAY TRACK RAILWAY TRACK Drawn by:- Review by:- RAILWAY TRACK BITUMINE ROAD RAILWAY TRACK BITUMINE ROAD tower school Bhanu Pratap Chandan Kumar

RAILWAY TRACK PROPOSED Checked by:- OHT&CWR LEGEND NH 53 Deepak Sharma RCC ROAD

TBM S.No. DESCRIPTION SYMBOL NH 53 RCC ROAD RCC ROAD NH 53 TW-4 RCC ROAD 1. PROPOSED RISING PIPE LINE NOT TO SCALE EXISTING OHT LOCATIONP,KHANDGAON-1 2. ROAD LINE PUMPING RATE (LPM)-300 3. RAILWAY LINE DATE :- PUMP CAPACITY (HP)-15 4. PROPOSED 06-05-2019 5. EXISTING ASTHAL

RAIPUR EXISTING TW- EXISTING OHT 300 LPM EXISTING CWR - 50 KL CWR MAALDEVTA BAJHET EXISTING BOOSTER OHT- 50 KL EXISTING CWR AOLI

KESARWALA EXISTING CWR - PROPOSED OHT 350 KL

CWR PROPOSED TW SONG RIVER

PROPOSED TW KESARWALA FILTER HOUSE 4.60 MLD RAIPUR ROAD

UPER RAIPUR MAALDEVTA ROAD EXISTING CWR - 1150 KL EXISTING CWR - CWR CWR 100 KL RAIPUR ANAND MAYI ASHRAM EXISTING TW 1000 LPM

EXISTING OHT MARUTI VIHAR PASHU CHIKITSALYE HATHIKHANA SPORT'S COLLEGE CHOWK

RAIPUR KHADER EXISTING TW 1500 LPM EXISTING OHT EXISTING TW 1500 LPM

EXISTING OHT SUNDERWALA No.1 MAALDEVTA KHADER LEGEND

S.No. DESCRIPTION SYMBOL

1. ROAD LINE

2. RAILWAY LINE

CWR 3. EXISTING

4. PROPOSED PROJECT :- CLIENT :- TITLE :- SCALE :- DATE :- DEPTT. OF DRINKING WATER & PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN FOR Drawn by Review by Checked by N WATER SUPPLY SANITATION WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM Dwg. No :- RAIPUR NOT TO SCALE 06/05/2019 NETWORK AT RAIPUR Bhanu Pratap Chandan Kumar Deepak Sharma GOVT. OF UTTARAKHAND. FOR UTTARAKHAND WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM FOR PERI- URBAN AREAS. NATHUWALA

2001

2006

EXISTING OHT-800 KL

EXISTING TW-1500LPM

EXISTING TW-650LPM

2014

2005

EXISTING TW-1500LPM

2008

2016

2016 EXISTING TW-700LPM

2016

EXISTING TW-1000LPM

2008

2016

PROPOSED OHT&TW

2016

2005

LEGEND

S.No. DESCRIPTION SYMBOL PROPOSED OHT&TW 1. PROPOSED PIPE LINE

2. EXISTING PIPE LINE

3. B.T. ROAD / CANAL

4. PROPOSED

5. EXISTING CLIENT :- PROJECT :- TITLE :- SCALE :- PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN N PROPOSED WATER Drawn by Review by Checked by DEPTT. OF DRINKING FOR WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION DATE :- WATER & SANITATION SUPPLY NETWORK AT Dwg. No :- AND SLWM FOR UTTARAKHAND Bhanu Pratap Chandan Kumar Deepak Sharma NOT TO SCALE 06/05/2019 NATHUWAWALA, NATHUWLA GOVT. OF UTTARAKHAND. WATER SUPPLY PROGRAM FOR PERI- URBAN AREAS.

ZONE-4

ZONE-2 ZONE-3

KEY MAP

ZONE-1

OHT&TW PROPOSED

TW-300

EXISTING LPM

TW-2000

EXISTING LPM

OHT&TW PROPOSED

TW-1000

EXISTING LPM

EXISTING

OHT

EXISTING

TW-2000

EXISTING

LPM TW-600

TUBE WELL - WELL TUBE

1500 LPM 1500

LPM EXISTNG

PROPOSED

OHT & TW

TW-1500 LPM TW-1500

& 0HT-1500 &

EXISTING

STG.HT.

TUBEWELL PROPOSED

NATHANPUR

O.H.T.-130KL.

STG.HT.18M

EXISTING

&TW

TW-1500 LPM TW-1500

EXISTING

O.H.T.-750KL.

STG.HT.18M

EXISTING

&TW-500

LPM

OHT&TW PROPOSED S.No. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. LEGEND C.C. ROAD METALLED ROAD PROPOSED RAILWAY LINE EXISTING DESCRIPTION SYMBOL Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. Drawn by:- B-1033, Ground Floor, Green Field Colony TITLE :- Bhanu Pratap

Sanitation, Govt. of Uttarakhand.

Nathanpur Locations Map Showing Project Area Department of Drinking water & PROJECT

Supply Program for Peri-Urban SWSM for Uttarakhand Water

Preparation of Master Plan for

Water Supply Sanitation and Areas. DATE CLIENT DRAWING NO :-

06-05-2019

Checked by:- :-

NOT TO SCALE

: :- - CONSULTANT Faridabad.

Deepak Sharma NATHANPUR Review by:-

Chandan Kumar Chandan Kumar KHARAKMAFI Review by:- Deepak Sharma Faridabad. CONSULTANT - :- : NOT TO SCALE

:- Checked by:- Checked 06-05-2019 DRAWING NO :- CLIENT DATE

Areas.

Preparation of Master Plan for Plan Master of Preparation and Water Supply Sanitation

SWSM for Uttarakhand Water Uttarakhand for SWSM Peri-Urban for Program Supply

PROJECT

Department of Drinking water & water Drinking of Department Map Showing Project Area Project Showing Map Locations Kharakmafi

Sanitation, Govt. of Uttarakhand. of Govt. Sanitation,

Bhanu Pratap Bhanu TITLE :- TITLE B-1033, Ground Floor, Green Field Colony Drawn by:- Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. SCALE 1:2500

RAJKIYA POLYTECHNIC

RIVER

AGRICULTURE LAND AGRICULTURE

OPEN LAND OPEN SHIV MANDIR AREA MANDIR SHIV

SHIV MANDIR ROAD

OPEN LAND OPEN

LAKKAD GHAT ROAD GHAT LAKKAD

SHIV MANDIR AREA MANDIR SHIV OPEN LAND OPEN

DHIYAN MANDIR

AGRICULTURE LAND AGRICULTURE

LAKKAD GHAT AREA GHAT LAKKAD

SHIV MANDIR ROAD RIVER

OPEN LAND OPEN PLOTTING AREA PLOTTING

SHIV MANDIR ROAD

ROAD

OPEN LAND OPEN MANDIR MARKET

KHARAKMAFI LAKKAD GHAT LAKKAD YEAR-2001 TW OHT CAPACITY- 350 KL STAGING HEIGHT- 20 m

EXISTING OHT & TW POWER- 25 HP DISCHARGE- 1300 LPM T.B.M A4(318.44) T.B.M

NALA NALA NALA NALA NALA LAND OPEN KHADRI ROAD

RIVER OPEN LAND OPEN SCHOOL RAJ KHEY INTER

GHAR

PANCHAYAT LAND OPEN OPEN LAND OPEN PROPOSED OHT & TW PROPOSED BALJEET FARM AREA

CHOPRA FARM AREA

BALJEET FARM AREA

CHOPRA FARM ROAD LAND OPEN RIVER BALJEET FARM AREA WITH 2 HP MOTOR

HAND PUMP REPLACED

SHOPS OPEN LAND OPEN OPEN LAND OPEN

OPEN LAND OPEN BALJEET FARM ROAD BALJEET FARM ROAD CHOPRA FARM ROAD BEHIND CHOPRA FARM YEAR- 2012

EXISTING TUBE WELL MOTOR POWER- 12.50 HP BORE PIPE DIA.- 80 mm DISCHARGE- 600 LPM BALJEET FARM ROAD

AAM KA AAM BAGH

CHOPRA FARM ROAD ROAD KHADRI

ROAD LAND OPEN OPEN LAND OPEN

SHOPS CHOPRA FARM

LALIT VIHAR ROAD T.B.M

CHOPRA FARM ROAD SHOPS A1=333.52

2" RIVER

LALIT VIHAR ROAD

OPEN LAND OPEN

LAKKAD GHAT ROAD GHAT LAKKAD AREA PRAGATIPURAM

OPEN LAND OPEN

PURAM AREA PURAM

BHAGIRAHTI

RIVER

OPEN LAND OPEN KHADRI ROAD KHADRI

VINOD VIHAR COLONY

LALIT VIHAR AREA VIHAR LALIT

OPEN LAND OPEN OPEN LAND OPEN

PROPOSED OHT & TW PROPOSED OHT

AAM KA BAGH KA AAM SHOPS

Vasant Vihar road LAND OPEN

DELHI FARM ROAD

EXISTING TUBE WELL (PRIVATE) OPEN LAND OPEN KHADRI ROAD KHADRI

EXISTING TW DELHI FARM DELHI

DELHI FARM ROAD PROPOSED OHT & TW T.B.M A=335.00

DELHI FARM ROAD

OPEN LAND OPEN

RAMESHWAR PURAM RAMESHWAR

RAMESHWAR PURAM-2 RAMESHWAR

AREA

COMMERCIAL

OPEN LAND OPEN

DELHI FARM AREA FARM DELHI

KHADRI ROAD KHADRI

NDS SCHOOL NDS

JUGAL WALI GALI WALI JUGAL

LAKKAD GHAT ROAD GHAT LAKKAD KHADRI ROAD KHADRI EXISTING PULIYA :- PROPOSED SHOPS & BUILDING :- SHOPS & BUILDING 2.5 INCH PIPE CANAL :- CANAL 4 INCH PIPE 6 INCH PIPE 2 INCH PIPE 5 INCH PIPE 3 INCH PIPE LEGEND :- LEGEND MOTIPUR 10" pipe MOTIPUR HARIPUR KALAN

2.5" PIPE GAYITRI 2.5" PIPE 12" pipe TAPOBAN

PRIMARY SCHOOL 12" pipe 2.5" PIPE 6" pipe

Shiv Kuti 8" pipe 2.5" PIPE 12" pipe 2.5" PIPE 8" pipe

2.5" PIPE 3" pipe CLIENT :- Department of Drinking water & 12" pipe EXISTING TW 700 LPM Sanitation, Govt. of Uttarakhand. Gayatri Tapowan Ashram

GIC UPCL Shanti Kunj SATI MARG PROJECT :- 4" pipe Preparation of Master Plan for

8" pipe Water Supply Sanitation and PROPOSED PUNCHAYAT GHAR SWSM for Uttarakhand Water OHT&TW 8" MS pipe 7.5 LAKH LTS. Supply Program for Peri-Urban Haridwar-Dehradun Road Haridwar-Dehradun EXISTING TW Areas. 12" pipe 700 LPM 6" pipe 2.5" PIPE Ganpati Traders 2.5" PIPE GANGA SURAJPURCOLONY Petrol Pump MOTIPUR HARIPURKALAN EXISTING TW 2.5" PIPE 4" pipe TITLE :- Hari Purushottam Dham Ashram 700 LPM EXISTING TW 2.5" PIPE 8" pipe 2.5" PIPE 3" pipe 700 LPMMap Showing Project Area 8" pipe BHUMA NIKETAN AASHRAM PREM VIHAR Bholagiri Ashram Locations

HIMALYA COLONY PREM VIHAR 6" pipe Corridor-1 CHOWK Anand Utsav Ashram Dev 4" pipe Sanskriti CONSULTANT Vishwavidyalaya 2.5" PIPE GITAKOTI Ashram 4" pipe 2.5" PIPE 2.5" PIPE 2.5" PIPE 8" pipe 2.5" PIPE 2.5" PIPE 8" pipe 2.5" PIPE 8" pipe 2.5" PIPE Shri Bhangirathi Ashram Arshiya Consulting Engineers Pvt. Ltd. B-1033, Ground Floor, Green Field Colony 2.5" PIPE Faridabad. UCO Bank MIYAWALA 2.5" PIPE 8" pipe 3" pipe DHARMSALA

2.5" PIPE 6" pipe 6" pipe BIRLA FORM UMABIHAR Shiv Shakti Ashram 6" pipe BIRLA FORM 5 NO GALI Chandigarh Bhawan

6" pipe DRAWING NO :- PLUG HARIPUR KALAN Raghav Vatika SBI Drawn by:- Review by:- PIPE COLORS

6" pipe Bhanu Pratap Chandan Kumar Chitrakoot Dham 4" pipe

3" pipe Checked by:- 2" pipe Deepak Sharma 12" pipe LEGEND 8" pipe NOT TO SCALE S.No. DESCRIPTION SYMBOL Smirti Bhawan 5" pipe 1. ROAD LINE 10" pipe DATE :- 2. PROPOSED 2.5" PIPE

valve 06-05-2019 3. EXISTING Saptrishi Ashram

S PUNJAB NATION E BANK LAKAD GHAT ROAD GHAT LAKAD TO HARIDWAR

H A R I D W A R R O A D

PUNJAB & GUMANIWALA R I S H I K E S H R O A D SYAMPUR W SIND BANK(ATM) POLICE CHOWKI DEEP FROZEN SEMEN

PRODUCTION CENTER PROPOSED OHT & TW N

R I S H I K E S H R O A D RAILWAY SREE MHALUXMI CROSSING TEMPLE

XPLORER ADWANI B A T T U W A L A R O A D ORCHESTRA DHARAMSHALA NILKANTH WEDDING POINT

SPARROW L.T.D

HANUMAN ADITYA MANDIR HARIDHAM TYRE DIVINE HARIDHAM COLONY GLOBAL COLONY SCHOOL TO RISHIKESH

KIDS HUT PLAY SCHOOL

KUNJAPURI

COLONY

KUNJAPURI HARIDHAM COLONY COLONY PROPOSED TW KUNJAPURI KUNJAPURI BADRISH COLONY COLONY COLONY PROPOSED OHT & TW BADRISH COLONY GALLI NO-5 KUNJAPURI BADRISH KUNJAPURI COLONY COLONY COLONY

BHALLA FARM

C A N A DSBL R O INTERNATIONALA D DSB INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL BADRISH SCHOOL COLONY BRIGHT SCHOLAR CHILDREN ACADEMY

BADRISH BADRISH

NO-10 COLONY BHUMIYA COLONY

DEVEDRA VIHAR GALI VIHAR DEVEDRA MANDIR

NO-11

DEVEDRA VIHAR GALI VIHAR DEVEDRA

NO-12 DEVEDRA VIHAR GALI VIHAR DEVEDRA

BADRISH

NO-13 AGAPE COLONY DEVEDRA VIHAR GALI VIHAR DEVEDRA MISSION

SCHOOL WARD NO-10 WARD TO BHALLA FARM BHALLA FARM

PUNJAB & SIND BANK BRIDGE TO BHATTOWALA TO RISHIKESH

EXISTING TW1600LPM & OHT-600 KL

AGAPE MISSION SCHOOL

BHUSHAN COMPANY

PMKVY LEGEND- RAJSHRI CHILDREN PROPOSED ACADEMY BLACK TOP ROAD- EXISTING C.C. ROAD- KACHI ROAD- CANAL- BHAIRAB BRIDGE- MANDIR ROAD LEVEL- ROAD LENGHT- 01.00 CLIENT :- PROJECT :- TITLE :- SCALE :- DEPTT. OF DRINKING WATER & PREPARATION OF MASTER PLAN FOR WATER SUPPLY Drawn by Review by Checked by DATE :- SANITATION WATER SUPPLY, SANITATION AND SLWM NETWORK AT Dwg. No :- GUMANIWALA Bhanu Pratap Chandan Kumar Deepak Sharma NOT TO SCALE 06/05/2019 GOVT. OF UTTARAKHAND. FOR UTTARAKHAND WATER SUPPLY GUMANIWALA PROGRAM FOR PERI- URBAN AREAS.