U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE RESEARCH NOTE SE-305 FEBRUARY 1981

A CHECKLIST OF COMMON of THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL IN THE JEFFERSON NATIONAL FOREST,

by Arnold Krochmal’ and Connie Krochmal

This Note lists the plants that a hiker is likely 11 Stony Creek Valley to Johns Creek Valley to notice on the Appalachian Trail in the Jefferson 12 Johns Creek Valley to Sinking Creek Valley National Forest, Virginia. The list is one of the 13 Sinking Creek Valley to Craig Creek Valley results of an inventory of life along the Trail I4 Craig Creek Valley to Virginia 3 I I as it passes through Southern National Forests. 15 Virginia 311 to Jet. U.S. 220 and U.S. 11 Only plants that were conspicuous because of 16 U.S. 220 and U.S. 11 to Black Horse Gap their size, large population, or or color 17 Black Horse Gap to Bear Wallow Gap are listed. Fungi, grasses, mosses, and lichens are 18 Bear Wallow Gap to Middle Creek picnic excluded. Since each trail section was visited only area once, some-plants whose are conspicuous 19 Middle Creek to Parker’s Gap Road at times other than that of the inventory may be 20 Parker’s Gap Road to Petit’s Gap excluded. 21 Petit’s Gap to Virginia 501 Whenever possible, the nomenclature in Gray’s Manual ofBotnny is followed. Names of plants that do not appear there are from Manualof F’TERIDOPHYTA the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas and from Flora of . Lycopodiaceae Club-Moss Family Numbers appearing after each plant indicate Lycopodium L. sp. the sections of the Trail on which the is Club-moss found. The numbers are keyed to the accompany- (15319) ing map (fig. I). L. complanatum L. Ground-cedar 1 Damascus to Summit Gap (U.S. 58) (1,4,6,7,9,11,14,21) 2 U.S. 58 to Virginia 603 (includes Whitetop L. lucid&m Michx. and Mt. Rogers) Shining club-moss Virginia 603 to Dickey Gap (I) Dickey Gap to Brushy Mountain Virginia 16 to Interstate 81 Jet. U.S. 11 L. obscurum L. U.S. 11 at Middle Fork of Holston to Big Flat-branch ground-pine Walker Lookout (1,3,9) 7 Big Walker Lookout to Crandon Adder’s_Tongue Family 8 Crandon to mouth of Dismal Creek Ophioglossaceae 9 Mouth of Dismal Creek to New River Botrychium virginianum (L.) SW. IO New River to Stony Creek Valley Rattlesnake-fern (10,14,19,21)

‘Economic Botanist, Asheville, .

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station - Asheville, North Carolina -----APPALACHIAN TRAIL (Virginia) Osmundaceae Flowering Fern Family Picea rubens Sarg. Osmunda cinnamomea L. Red spruce Cinnamon-fern (2) (1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10, I1,16,17,19,20) Pinus pungens Lamb. 0. claytoniana L. Table-Mountain pine Interrupted fern (1,3,4,6,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,21) ( 1,6.7,10,11,19,20) P. rigida Mill. 0. regalis var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray Pitch-pine Royal fern (6,7,11,12,13,17) (IO) P. strobus L. White pine Polypodiaceae Fern Family (1,2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,18,19,21) Adiantum pedatum L. P. virginiana Mill. Maidenhair-fern Scrub-pine (3,4,6,11,13,17,19,20,21) (1,4,7,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,21) Asp/enium platyneuron (L.) Oakes canadensis (L.) Cart-. Ebony-spleenwort Hemlock (10,12,17) (1,2,3,4,5,6,9,10,11,14,15,19,20) Athyriumfilix-femina (L.) Roth Lady-fern Angiospermae (1,3,4,5,7,9,10,11,12) Aceraceae Maple Family Dryopteris noveboracensis (L.) Gray Acer pensylvanicum L. fern Striped maple (1,3,5,6,7,9,10,11) (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,15,19,20,21) Onoclea sensibilis L. A. rubrum L. Sensitive fern Red maple (8,lO) (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt 17,18,19,21) Resurrection-fern A. saccharinum L. (2,3,9,10,13) Silver maple P. virginianurn L. (IO,1 1) Rock-polypody A. saccharum Marsh. (7,14,16,17,20,21) Sugar-maple Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,9,10,12,13,14,15,19,20) Schott A. spicatum Lam. Christmas fern Mountain-maple (1,2,3,4,5,6,9, IO, 1 I, 12,13,14,15,17,18, (13914) 19,20,2 I) Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn Anacardiaceae Cashew Family Bracken fern Rhus L. sp. (1,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,17,18,20,21) Sumac (6,8,10,12,16,17,19) SPERMATOPHYTA R. copallina L. Gymnospermae Winged-sumac Pinaceae Pine Family (138) Abiesfiaseri (Pursh) Poir. R. glabra L. Southern fir Smooth sumac (2) (175) Juniperus virginiana L. R. radicans L. Red cedar Poison ivy (78) (1,3,4,7,8,10,14,15,16,21) Apocynaceae Dogbane Family Pale jewelweed Apocynum androsaemlfolium L. (2,7,15,20,2 I) Spreading dogbane (16,17,19,20,2 I) Berberidaceae Barberry Family Caulophyllum thulictroides (L.) Michx. Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Papoose-root Alex T. &G. (3,4,5,6,10, I93 Mountain-holly Diphylleicc cymosa Michx. (20) Umbrella-leaf I. opaca Ait. (23) American holly Podophyllum pelttrtum L. (1,11) May-apple (1,2,3,4,5.6.9,10,12,20) Araceae Arum Family Boraginaceae Borage family Arisaema triphyllum (L.) Schott Jack-in-the-pulpit Echium vulgare L. (1,2,3,5,10,11,19,20) Viper’s bugloss (1,4,7)

Bluebell Family Araliaceae Ginseng Family Campanulaceae Aralia racemosa L. Campanula umericanu L. Spikenard Tall bellflower (6,7,9,11,17,18,2 1) (12) Honeysuckle Family Aristolochiaceae Birthwort Family Caprifoliaceae Arjstolochia durior Hill Diervilla lonicera Mill. Dutchman’s-pipe Bush-honeysuckle (3,7,16,20,21) (20) Lonicera juponica Thunb. Asarum canadense L. Japanese honeysuckle Wild ginger (4,10,16) (1,2,3,14,16,17,18) Sambucus canudensis L. Asclepiadaceae Milkweed Family Elderberry (2,4,6,7,8,9,15,21) exaltata L. Poke milkweed Triosteum perjoliatum L. (9,10,16,19,21) Horse-gentian (21) A. quadrifolia Jaca. Milkweed Viburnum acerifolium L. (20,21) Maple-leaved viburnum A. syriaca L. (2,10,13,15,16,17,19,20,21) Common milkweed V. alnifolium Marsh. (4,6,7,8,9,10,12,16,17) Hobblebush A. tuberosa L. (2) Butterfly-weed (476718) Caryophyllaceae Pink Family Cerastium viscosum L. Balsaminaceae Touch-Me-Not Family Mouse-ear chickweed bnpatiens capensis Meerb. (12,20) Jewelweed Dianthus barbatus L. (I ,7,9,-19) Sweet William I. pallida Nutt. (1,7, IO, 16,17) Saponuriu 0ficinali.s L. major Walt. Bouncing-bet Tickseed (7.8) (1,4,5,6,7,9, IO, 12,13,14,16,17,18,19,20, Silene .stPllutu (L.) Ait. f. 21) Starry campion Erigeron L. sp. (6,7.9.12,14,15,16) Fleabane S. uirginicu L. (839317) E. annuus (L.) Pers. Fire-pink Daisy-fleabane (7,9, IO, I I, 16.17) (7,15) Commelinaceae Spiderwort Family E. strigosus Muhl. Daisy-fleabane Trudescantiu roseu Vent. Spiderwort (7) (20) Eupatorium L. sp. Thoroughwort T. suhaspera Ker. Spiderwort (12,14) (9,16.17,18,19,21) E.Jistulosum Barratt Joe-pye-weed Composite Family Compositae (437) Achilles millefolium L. Heliopsis helianthoides (L.) Sweet Yarrow Ox-eye (I ,2,3,4,6,7,8, I I, l2,15) (6) Aster pilosus Willd. Hieracium pratense Tausch Frost aster King devil (6) (16) A. surculosus Michx. H. venosum L. Aster Rattlesnake-weed (14) (1,4,5,6,7,10,11,16,17,18,21) Cucaliu atriplicifolia L. Krigia Schreb. sp. Pale Indian-plantain Dwarf dandelion (6,7,9,2l) (1) Carduus L. sp. K. virginica (L.) Willd. Plumeless thistle Dwarf dandelion (8) (2) Centuureu muculosu Lam. Liatris spicata (L.) Willd. Star-thistle Blazing-star (15,16,17) (14) Chrysavithemum leucanthemum L. Parthenium integrifolium L. (Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.) Wild-quinine Ox-eye-daisy (17718) (1,2,4,6,7,8,9,l0,l5,16,17) Rudbeckia L. sp. Chrysogonum virginiunum L. Coneflower Golden-knees (8313) (4) R. fulgida Ait. Cichorium intybus L. Coneflower Chicory (15) (4,6,8,15,16) Solidago L. SP. Cirsium Mill. sp. Goldenrod Common thistle (7315) (8)

5 S. erectaPursh S. telephioides Michx. Goldenrod Live-forever (14) (20) Taraxacum o&in&e Weber S. ternatum Michx. Dandelion Stonecrop (4,12) (IO, 12,16,17)

Convolvulaceae Convolvulus Family Cruciferae Mustard Family Cuscuta L. sp. Dentariu L. sp. Dodder Toothwort (3 96) (21) C. campestris Yuncker Diapensiaceae Diapensia Family Dodder (8) Galax aphylla L. Galax lpomoea pandurata (L.) G.F.W. Mey. (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16.17, Wild potato-vine 18,20,21) (498315) Dioscoreaceae Yam Family Cornaceae Dogwood Family Dioscorea villosa L. Cornus alternifolia L. f. Wild yam Pagoda-dogwood (1,3,6,7,9,12,14,16,17,18,19,20,21) (19,20,21) C. amomum Mill. Elaeagnaceae Oleaster Family Red willow Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (11) Oleaster C. L. (11) Flowering dogwood (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17, Ericaceae Heath Family l&19,21) L. Trailing arbutus Corylaceae Hazel Family (1,4,6,7,9,10,11,13,14,17,18,21) Betula lenta L. Gaultheria procumbens L. Cherry-birch Wintergreen (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,17,19,20, (1,3.4,5,6,9,11,14,21) 21) Gaylussacia baccata (Wang.) K. Koch B. lutea Michx. f. Black huckleberry (B. alleghaniensis Britt.) (17) Yellow birch L. (1,2,3,5,6,11,16,19,20) Mountain-laurel Carpinus caroliniana Walt. (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17, Ironwood 18,20,21) (1) Leucothoe racemosa (L.) Gray Corylus cornuta Marsh Fetter-bush Beaked hazelnut (677) (17) Lyonra ligustrina (L.) DC. Maleberry Orpine Family (13,14,15) glaucophyllum R.T. Clausen Menziesia pilosa (Michx.) JUSS. Cliff-stonewort Minnie-bush (1214) (12,14,16,17,18,19,20,21)

6 Oxydendrum arhoreum (L.) DC. C. pumilu (L.) Mill. Sourwood Chinquapin (1,3,4,5,7,9,10,11,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) (2,7,11,12.15) Pieris~oribunda (Pursh) B. & H. Fagus grandifolia Ehrh. Fetter-bush Beech (17,18,21) (1,2,3,6,9,13,15) Rhododendron calendulaceum Quercus alba L. (Michx.) Tot-r. White oak Flame- (1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,18,19~ (1,5,10,11,17,18,21) 20) R. catawbiense Michx. Q. coccinea Muenchh. Mountain-rosebay Scarlet oak (2,3,5,6,7,9.14,16,17,18,20,21) (1,10,11,16) R. maximum L. Q. ilicifolia Wang. Rosebay Bear-oak (I ,2,3,4,5,6,9,1(I) (13,14,16,17,18,21) R. nudiflorum (L.) Ton-. Q. marilandica Muenchh. (R. periclymenoides (Michx.) Shinn.) Black jack oak Pinxter-flower (13,15,17) (20) Q. muehlenbergii Engelm. Vaccinium L. sp. Yellow oak Blueberry (10) (1,3,4,5,6,9,12,14,18) Q. prinus L. V. constablaei Gray Chestnut oak Blueberry (1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,l3,14,l5,16,17~18~ (2) 19,2 I) V. corymbosum L. Q. rubru L. Highbush-blueberry Red oak (334) (2,5,9,10,12,13,14,15,17,18,19,21) V. erythrocarpum Michx. Q. velutina Lam. Bearberry Black oak (739) (1,3,4,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,17,19,20,21) V. stamineum L. Deerberry Geraniaceae Geranium Family (13,14,16,17,18,19,21) Geranium maculatum L. V. vacillans Tom. Spotted cranesbill Low blueberry (5,6,7,9,10,15,16,17,18,19,20,21) (3,4,7,11,14,15,17,18,19,20,21) Guttiferae St. John%-Wort Family Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family Hypericum punctatum Lam. Euphorbia corollata L. St. John’s_wort Flowering spurge (2) (73839716) H. spathulatum (Spach) Steud. E. cyparissias L. Shrubby St. John’s_wort Cypress spurge (8) (8) Hamamelidaceae Witch-Hazel Family Fagaceae Beech Family Hamamelis virginiana L. Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. Witch-hazel American chestnut (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16, (1,3,4,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, 17,18,20,2 I) 19,20,2 I) Hippocastanaceae Buckeye Family Prunella vulgaris L. Aesculus octandra Marsh. Selfheal Yellow buckeye (1,2,6,7,8,9,16) (1,2,6,7,8,9,10) Pycnanthemum Michx. sp. Mountain-mint Hydrophyllaceae Waterleaf Family (8) Hydrophyllum virginianum L. Scutellaria L. sp. John’s_cabbage Skullcap (6,9, IO, I 1,19,20,21) (5,9,16,18) S. laterijlora L. Iridaceae Family Skullcap Iris L. Sp. (17) Iris S. saxatilis Riddell (1214) Skullcap I. cristata Ait. (1215) Crested dwarf iris S. serrata Andr. (1) Skullcap I. verna var. smalliana Fem. ( 10) Upland violet iris (17,18,21) Lauraceae Laurel Family Sisyrinchium mucronatum Michx. Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume Blue-eyed grass Spicebush (5-10) (19) Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees Juglandaceae Walnut Family White sassafras Carya Nutt. sp. (1,2,3,4,6,7,8,9,10, I I, 13,14,16,17.18, Hickory 19,2 1) (5,7,9,10,14,17,18,19,20,21) C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet Leguminosae Pulse Family Pignut hickory Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. (5,7,9,10,14,16) Wild indigo C. ovata (Mill.) K. Koch (1,5,6,7,9, IO, 14,17,18) Shagbark-hickory Cercis canadensis L. (1,2,3,4,5,6,8,12,13,14,15,19) Redbud C. tomentosa Nutt. (IO, 14,15) White-heart hickory Lathyrus latifolius L. (6315) Everlasting pea Juglans nigra L. (458) Black walnut Melilotus alba Desr. (7,8,14,16,2 I) White sweet clover Labiatae Mint Family (16717) Monarda clinopodia L. M. oficinalis (L.) Lam. Horsemint Yellow sweet clover (6,7,9,16,17,18,19) (17) M. didyma L. Robinia L. sp. Bee-balm Locust (2) (1,3,9,10) M.jstulosa L. R. pseudo-acacia L. Wild bergamot Black locust (12,15,16) (2,4,5,6,7,8,1 I, 12,15,16,17,19,20,21) Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. S. herbacea L. Rabbit’s_pea Greenbrier (12,13,14,16,17,18) (20) L. Stenanthium gramineum (Ker) Morong Red clover Featherbells (2,4.8,16) (7) Trillium L. sp. Lily Family Trillium Aletris farinosa L. (1,2,3,5,7,9,10,12) Colicroot T. grandiflorum (Michx.) Salisb. (5,6,9,10,12) Large-flowered trillium Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Walt.) (19,20,2 1) Gray U&aria perfoliata L. Fly-poison Bellwort (6,7,10,19,21) (3,6,10,15,17,19) umbellulata (Michx.) Morong Veratrum viride Ait. Speckled wood-lily False hellebore (2,3,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,19,20) (19320) Convallaria montana Raf. Xerophyllum asphodeloides (L.) Nutt. Lily-of-the-valley Turkeybeard (1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,13,14,16,17,18, (18) 19,20,2 1) Disporum lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichol- Magnoliaceae Family son Liriodendron tulipifera L. Yellow mandarin Tulip-poplar (2,5,7,11,12) (1,3,4,7,9,10,15,16,19,21) michauxii Poir. Magnolia acuminata L. Carolina lily Cucumber-tree (3,6,7,9,12,19,20) (3,4,10,11) 13) L. superbum L. M. fraseri Walt. Turk’scap-lily Ear-leaved umbrella-tree (2,6,10,12) (1,2,3,4,5,19) Maianthemum canadense Desf. Mulberry Family False lily-of-the-valley Moraceae (1,3,5,6,9,10,11,19) Mot-us rubra L. Red mulberry Medeola virginiana L. Indian cucumber-root (17) (1,4,5,9,10,11,16,20) Myricaceae Wax-Myrtle Family Polygonatum bt$orum (Walt.) Eli. Comptonia peregrina (L.) COUlt. Solomon’s-seal Sweet-fern (1,6,9,10,12,14,16,19,20,21) (17318) Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. Sour Gum Family False Solomon’s-seal Nyssaceae (2,3,6,9,10,12,14,16,17,19,20,21) Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Black gum Smilax L. sp. Catbrier (1,3,4,5,6,9,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21) (1,2,4,5,9,10,11,14,15,16) Olive Family S. glauca Walt. Fraxinus L. sp. Sawbrier Ash (t&7,12,14) ( I-4)

9 F. americana L. 0. montana Raf. White ash Common wood-sorrel (2,9,10,12,15,20,2 I) (2) F. caroliniana Mill. Water-ash Papaveraceae Poppy Family (II) Sanguinaria canadensis L. Bloodroot Onagraceae Evening-Primrose Family (3,6,7,9,l0,12,19,20,21) Oenothera biennis L. Phytolaccaceae Pokeweed Family Evening-primrose (778) Phytolacca americana L. Pokeweed 0. fruticosa L. (1,2,3,6,9,10,15) Evening-primrose (2) Platanaceae Plane-Tree Family 0. tetragona Roth Platanus occidentalis L. Sundrops Sycamore (16,17,18,19) (7,8,10,11,13) Orchidaceae Orchis Family Polemoniaceae Polemonium Family Ait. Phlox maculata L. Lady’s_slipper Wild sweet William (5,6,7,9,10,14,15,16,18,19,20,21) (8 39) C. calceolus L. P. ouata L. Yellow lady’s_slipper Mountain-phlox (b8) (4,9, IO, 12,17) Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. Downy rattlesnake-plantain Polygonaceae Buckwheat family (1,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,13,14,15,16,19) Polygonum erectum L. Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br. Knotweed Yellow fringed orchis (7) (9) Rumex L. sp. H. orbiculata (Pursh) Torr. Dock Round-leaved orchis (6) (3,5) R. obtusifolius L. H. psycodes (L.) Spreng. Bitter dock Small purple fringed orchis (7) (3,11) Isotria uerticillata (Willd.) Raf. Primulaceae Primrose Family Whorled pogonia Dodecatheon meadia L. (1421) Shooting-star (10) Orohanchaceae Broom-Rape Family Lysimachia quadrifolia L. Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. Whorled loosestrife Squawroot (1,2,3,4,7,9,10,11,15,17,19,20,21) (1.3,4,5,7,9, IO, 11,12,16,18,19,20) Pyrolaceae Wintergreen Family Oxalidaceae Wood-Sorrel Family Chimaphila macuiata (L.) Pursh Oxalis L. sp. Spotted wintergreen Wood-sorrel (1,3,4,5,6,10,13,14,15,16,17,18.19) (1.2,6, to, 15.19)

10 Monotropu hypopithys L. Rosaceae Family Pinesap Agrimonia pubescens Wallr. (9,19) Cocklebur M. uniflora L. (6) Indian-pipe Amelanchier Medic. sp. (1,3.4,12,18) Serviceberry Pyrola rotundifolia var. americana (5,16,17) (Sweet) Fem. A. arborea (Michx. f.) Fem. Shinleaf Serviceberry (3,5,6,17) (1,3,4,12,13,14) Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fem. Ranunculaceae Crowfoot Family Goat’s-beard Actaea pachypoda Eli. (10,12,19,20,21) White baneberry L. sp. (123) Hawthorn Aquilegia canadensis L. (2,6,8,9,10,12) Columbine C.jabellata (Spach) Kirchn. (16,17,19,20,21) Hawthorn Cimicfuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. (1) Black cohosh Fragaria virginiana Duchesne (1,3,4,5,6,7,9,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,21) Strawberry Clematis viorna L. (2,4,6,7,9,10,11> Leather-flower Geum canadense Jacq. (4,19) Avens C. virginiana L. (2915) Virgin’s_bower Gillenia trifoliata (L.) Moench (8) Indian-physic Hepatica acutiloba DC. (6,7,9,10,11,12,16,17,18,19,20,21) Liverleaf Potentilla canadensis L. (2,ll) Five-finger Ranunculus L. sp. (6712720) Crowfoot P. recta L. (2) Cinquefoil Thalictrum L. sp. (10) Meadow-me P. simplex Michx. (12,19,21) Old-field-cinquefoil T. clavatum DC. (2) Lady-rue P. tridentata Ait. (2) Three-toothed cinquefoil , T. dioicum L. (2) Early meadow-rue Prunus L. sp. (3,476) Cherry Trautvetteria caroliniensis(Wa1t.J Vail (17921) Tassel-rue P. pensylvanica L.f. (19) Pin-cherry (20) Rhamnaceae Buckthorn Family P. persica (L.) Batsch Ceanothus americanus L. tea (17) (4,5,6,7,10,16,17,18,19,21)

11 P. serotina Ehrh. Pyrularia pubera Michx. Black-cherry Buffalo-nut (4,6,7,8,12,14) Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family Pyrus americana (Marsh.) DC. Astilbe biternata (Vent.) Britt. American mountain-ash False goatsbeard (2) (9, IO) P. L. Boykinia aconiti’olia Nutt. Apple Brook-saxifrage (11,12,15) (334) Rosa Carolina L. Heuchera L. sp. Rose Alumroot (6,7,10,12,~4,16,17,18,21) (536) Rubus L. sp. H. americana L. Bramble Rock-geranium (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10,11,12,14,15,17,20,21) (10,14,17,20,2 I) R. odoratus L. H. villosa Michx. Purple-flowering raspberry Alumroot (1,6,7,9,11,19,20) (677) Spiraea corymbosa Raf. Hydrangea arborescens L. Dwarf spiraea Wild hydrangea (16,17,19) (1,6,7,9,10,12,14,19,20,21) Rubiaceae Madder Family Ribes L. sp. Gooseberry Galium latifolium Michx. Bedstraw (20,2 1) (19) R. glandulosum Grauer Skunk-currant Houstonia caerulea Id. Quaker-ladies (3,7,10,19) (218) R. rotundifolium Michx. Smooth gooseberry H. purpurea L. Bluets (11) (3,15,16,17,20,21) Saxifraga michauxii Britt. Michaux’s saxifrage Mitchella repens L. Partridge-berry (2,20) (1,4,11,13,14,18,21) Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family Gerardiajava L. Salicaceae Willow Family Yellow false foxglove Populus alba L. (14,17) White poplar G. laevigata Raf. (8) False foxglove Salix L. sp. (2,14) Willow Linaria vulgaris Hill (11) Butter-and-eggs S. cinerea L. (10) Gray willow Melampyrum lineare Desr. (7) Cow-wheat (569) Sandalwood Family Pedicularis canadensis L. distichophylla Torr. Lousewort Buckleya (1,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,15,16,17,18,19, (13) 20,2 I) 12 Penstemon canescens Britt. 0. fongistylis (Tort-.) DC. Beard-tongue Anise-root (19,21) (2,15) Scrophularia marilandica L. Thaspium barbinode (Michx.) Nutt. Figwort Meadow-parsnip (17,18,19) (12,19,20,21) Verbascum thapsus L Zizia W.D.J. Koch sp. Mullein Golden alexanders (15,16,17) (1921)

Tiliaceae Linden Family Urticaceae Nettle Family Tilia americana L. Laportea canadensis (L.) Wedd. Basswood Wood-nettle (1,5,10,19,20) (1,2,5,6,7,10,15,19,20,21)

Ulmaceae Elm Family Verbenaceae Vet-vain Family Celtis occidentalis L. Verbena hastata L. Hackberry Blue vervain (10,15) (8) Utmus alata Michx. Winged-elm Violaceae Violet Family (6) L. sp. U. rubra Muhl. Violet Slippery elm (3,5,6,10,12) (15) V. canadensis L. Canada-violet Umbelliferae Parsley Family (2,20,21) Angelica L. sp. Angelica Vitaceae Vine Family (920) Parthenocissus quinquefolia (L.) Planch. Daucus carota L. Virginia creeper Queen Anne’s-lace (1,3,4,7,8,10,12,14,17,20,21) (6,7,8,13,15) Vitis L. sp. Heracleum maximum Bartr. Grape Cow-parsnip (1,2,3,4,6,7,8,10,13,14,15,18,21) (19) V. labrusca L. Ligusticum canadense (L.) Britt. Fox-grape Nondo (1,9,11,17) (2 1) V. rotundifolia Michx. Osmorhiza claytoni (Michx.) C. B. Muscadine Clarke (12) Anise-root (19,20,2 I)

13 REFERENCES

Femald, Merritt Lyndon. 1970. Gray’s manual of . 1632 p. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York. Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. 1183 p. Univ. N. C. Press, Chapel Hill, N. C. Strausbaugh, P. D., and Earl L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia. 1080 p. Seneca Books, Inc., Grantsville, W. Va.

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