Why the Abbott Test for Preclusion of Judicial Review of Agency Action Is an Inadequate Method for Protecting Separation of Powers
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The General Trends of EU Administrative Law
The General Trends of EU Administrative Law JAN KLUCKA* I. General Introduction The creation of European Administrative Law (hereinafter "EAL") results from interac- tions between the European legal order and those of the EU Member States., Indeed, the EU has created a legal order in permitting mutual influences between national and EALs. This cross-fertilization process has led to the approximation of the applicable administra- tive legal rules and principles that make up EAL. According to Susana de la Sierra, "European Administrative Law is the final step of a process, where various legal orders interact and produce principles or norms of general 2 application in the territories where those legal orders apply." Its inherent feature is its dynamic character in that it is influenced by its reciprocal interactions with the national legal orders. In line with these influences, one can also observe the increasing amount of 3 mixed administrative proceedings. Those proceedings demonstrate the willingness of the EU to maintain and use the national legal rules and structures, instead of absorbing them. Another important aim of EAL is to strengthen the rights enjoyed by individuals vis-a- vis administrative authorities. There is a general trend, both in the Member States and in the European Community (the "Community"), to focus on the relationship between the 4 citizen and the administration and to assert rights of the latter vis-5-vis the former. Judge, European Court of Justice. This article was written as part of a symposium following a summit between the Supreme Court of the United States and the European Court of Justice organized by the SMU Dedman School of Law. -
Guantanamo, Boumediene, and Jurisdiction-Stripping: the Mpei Rial President Meets the Imperial Court" (2009)
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Constitutional Commentary 2009 Guantanamo, Boumediene, and Jurisdiction- Stripping: The mpI erial President Meets the Imperial Court Martin J. Katz Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Katz, Martin J., "Guantanamo, Boumediene, and Jurisdiction-Stripping: The mpeI rial President Meets the Imperial Court" (2009). Constitutional Commentary. 699. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/concomm/699 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Constitutional Commentary collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Article GUANTANAMO, BOUMEDIENE, AND JURISDICTION-STRIPPING: THE IMPERIAL PRESIDENT MEETS THE IMPERIAL COURT Martin J. Katz* INTRODUCTION In Boumediene v. Bush,1 the Supreme Court struck down a major pillar of President Bush's war on terror: the indefinite de tention of terror suspects in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. The Court held that even non-citizen prisoners held by the United States government on foreign soil could challenge their confinement by seeking a writ of habeas corpus in federal court, and that the procedures the government had provided for such challenges were not an adequate substitute for the writ." As a habeas corpus case, Boumediene may well be revolu tionary.3 However, Boumediene is more than merely a habeas * Interim Dean and Associate Professor of Law. University of Denver College of Law; Yale Law School. J.D. 1991: Harvard College. A.B. 1987. Thanks to Alan Chen. -
1 Different Models for Protection of Constitutionality, Legality And
Prof. Tanja Karakamisheva-Jovanovska, Ph.D 1 Different Models for Protection of Constitutionality, Legality and Independence of Constitutional Court of the Republic of Macedonia 1. About the different models of protection of constitutionality and legality The Constitutional Court is a separate body that serves as a watchdog of the constitution in a given country, and as a protector of the constitutionality, legality, and the citizens' freedoms and rights within the national legal system. From an organisational point of view, there are several models of constitutionality that can be determined, as follows: 1. American model based on the Marbery vs. Madison case (Marbery vs. Madison, 1803) , and, in accordance with the John Marshal doctrine, according to whom the constitutional issues are subject of interest and resolution of all courts that are under the scope of the regular judiciary (in an environment of decentralised, widespread of dispersed control procedure), and based on organisational procedure that is typical for the regular judiciary (incidenter). And while the American model with widespread system of protection of constitutionality gives the authority to all courts to assess the constitutionality of the laws, the European model concentrates all the power for the assessment of the constitutionality on one body. In Europe, there are number of countries that have accepted the American model, such as Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, and in North America, besides the U.S., this model is also applied in Canada, as well as, on the African continent, in Botswana, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya and other countries. 2 1 Associate Professor for Constitutional Law and Political System at the University "Sc. -
The Constitutionality of Statutes of Repose: Federalism Reigns
Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 38 Issue 3 Issue 3 - April 1985 Article 8 4-1985 The Constitutionality of Statutes of Repose: Federalism Reigns Josephine H. Hicks Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the Constitutional Law Commons, and the Torts Commons Recommended Citation Josephine H. Hicks, The Constitutionality of Statutes of Repose: Federalism Reigns, 38 Vanderbilt Law Review 627 (1985) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol38/iss3/8 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Constitutionality of Statutes of Repose: Federalism Reigns I. INTRODUCTION ...................................... 627 II. STATUTES OF REPOSE ............................. 628 A. Defining "Statute of Repose" ............... 628 B. Arguments For and Against Statutes of Re- p ose ...................................... 632 III. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES .............................. 635 A. Equal Protection .......................... 635 B. Due Process ............................... 642 C. Open Courts, Access to Courts, and Remedy. 644 IV. ANALYSIS .......................................... 648 A. Effect of State Constitutional Law .......... 648 B. Future Direction .......................... 652 C. Arguments For and Against National Legisla- tion ..................................... -
Justice Scalia, the Nondelegation Doctrine, and Constitutional Argument William K
Notre Dame Law Review Volume 92 | Issue 5 Article 9 5-2017 Justice Scalia, the Nondelegation Doctrine, and Constitutional Argument William K. Kelley Notre Dame Law School Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.law.nd.edu/ndlr Part of the Judges Commons Recommended Citation 92 Notre Dame L. Rev. 2107 (2017) This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Notre Dame Law Review at NDLScholarship. It has been accepted for inclusion in Notre Dame Law Review by an authorized editor of NDLScholarship. For more information, please contact [email protected]. \\jciprod01\productn\N\NDL\92-5\NDL509.txt unknown Seq: 1 15-JUN-17 10:42 JUSTICE SCALIA, THE NONDELEGATION DOCTRINE, AND CONSTITUTIONAL ARGUMENT William K. Kelley* INTRODUCTION Justice Antonin Scalia wrote two major opinions applying the nondelega- tion doctrine: in Mistretta v. United States,1 he wrote a lone dissent concluding that Congress’s establishment of the United States Sentencing Commission was unconstitutional because the Commission had been assigned no function by Congress other than the making of rules, the Sentencing Guidelines. Such “pure” lawmaking by a “junior-varsity Congress,” Justice Scalia con- cluded, was inconsistent with the Constitution’s basic division of powers.2 In Whitman v. American Trucking Ass’ns,3 he wrote for a unanimous Court upholding a very broad delegation of rulemaking power to the Environmen- tal Protection Agency (EPA), and along the way acknowledged that Con- gress’s power to assign policymaking discretion to agencies extended to raw exercises of discretion from among a range of possibilities that was appar- ently genuinely unlimited. -
Faithful Execution: Where Administrative Law Meets the Constitution
ARTICLES Faithful Execution: Where Administrative Law Meets the Constitution EVAN D. BERNICK* The administrative state and administrative law are commonly understood to be the product of statutes, judicial doctrines, and agency practices rather than constitutional text. In recent years, however, fed- eral courts have been forced to confront important constitutional ques- tions concerning the President's exercise of administrative discretion under broadly worded federal statutes. Among those questions: (1) Does the Constitution impose any independent constraints on the administrative discretion that is available to the President under the text of federal statutes? (2) If so, are judges obliged to determine whether that discretion has been abused? and (3) How should judges make such determinations? This Article argues that the Take Care Clause of Article II, Section 3 constrains the President's administrative discretion and that judges are obliged to determine whether that discretion has been ªfaithfullyº exercised. It then constructs a faithful execution framework that judges can use to implement the ªletterºÐthe textÐand the ªspiritºÐthe functionsÐof the Take Care Clause. To that end, it makes use of a theory of ®duciary government that informed the content and structure of the Take Care Clause and draws upon well-established administra- tive law doctrines. It uses the faithful execution framework to evaluate President Barack Obama's 2014 Deferred Action for Parents of Americans and Lawful Permanent Residents (DAPA) program and President Donald Trump's 2017 travel bans. By so doing, this Article shows that central components of modern administrative law rest upon sound constitutional foundations. It also provides judges with constitu- tionally inspired tools that can be used to promote presidential accountability, discipline presidential discretion, secure the rule of law, and thwart presidential opportunism. -
Badges of Slavery : the Struggle Between Civil Rights and Federalism During Reconstruction
University of Louisville ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository Electronic Theses and Dissertations 5-2013 Badges of slavery : the struggle between civil rights and federalism during reconstruction. Vanessa Hahn Lierley 1981- University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.library.louisville.edu/etd Recommended Citation Lierley, Vanessa Hahn 1981-, "Badges of slavery : the struggle between civil rights and federalism during reconstruction." (2013). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 831. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/831 This Master's Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ThinkIR: The University of Louisville's Institutional Repository. This title appears here courtesy of the author, who has retained all other copyrights. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BADGES OF SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM DURING RECONSTRUCTION By Vanessa Hahn Liedey B.A., University of Kentucky, 2004 A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the College of Arts and Sciences of the University of Louisville in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts Department of History University of Louisville Louisville, KY May 2013 BADGES OF SLAVERY: THE STRUGGLE BETWEEN CIVIL RIGHTS AND FEDERALISM DURING RECONSTRUCTION By Vanessa Hahn Lierley B.A., University of Kentucky, 2004 A Thesis Approved on April 19, 2013 by the following Thesis Committee: Thomas C. Mackey, Thesis Director Benjamin Harrison Jasmine Farrier ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband Pete Lierley who always showed me support throughout the pursuit of my Master's degree. -
Classifying Systems of Constitutional Review: a Context-Specific Analysis
Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design Volume 5 Article 1 4-13-2020 Classifying Systems of Constitutional Review: A Context-Specific Analysis Samantha Lalisan Indiana University Maurer School of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd Part of the Common Law Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Conflict of Laws Commons, Constitutional Law Commons, Courts Commons, Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons, Jurisdiction Commons, Jurisprudence Commons, Law and Politics Commons, and the Supreme Court of the United States Commons Recommended Citation Lalisan, Samantha (2020) "Classifying Systems of Constitutional Review: A Context-Specific Analysis," Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design: Vol. 5 , Article 1. Available at: https://www.repository.law.indiana.edu/ijcd/vol5/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Indiana Journal of Constitutional Design by an authorized editor of Digital Repository @ Maurer Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Classifying Systems of Constitutional Review: A Context-Specific Analysis SAMANTHA LALISAN* “Access to the court is perhaps the most important ingredient in judicial power, because a party seeking to utilize judicial review as political insurance will only be able to do so if it can bring a case to court.”1 INTRODUCTION Europe’s experience with democratically elected fascist regimes leading to World War II is perhaps one of the most important developments for the establishment of new constitutional democracies. Post-war constitutional drafters sought to establish fundamental constitutional rights and to protect those rights through specialized constitutional courts.2 Many of these new democracies entrenched first-, second-, and third-generation rights into the constitution and included provisions to allow individuals access, direct or indirect, to the constitutional court to protect their rights through adjudication. -
The Nondelegation Doctrine: Alive and Well
\\jciprod01\productn\N\NDL\93-2\NDL204.txt unknown Seq: 1 28-DEC-17 10:20 THE NONDELEGATION DOCTRINE: ALIVE AND WELL Jason Iuliano* & Keith E. Whittington** The nondelegation doctrine is dead. It is difficult to think of a more frequently repeated or widely accepted legal conclusion. For generations, scholars have maintained that the doctrine was cast aside by the New Deal Court and is now nothing more than a historical curiosity. In this Article, we argue that the conventional wisdom is mistaken in an important respect. Drawing on an original dataset of more than one thousand nondelegation challenges, we find that, although the doctrine has disappeared at the federal level, it has thrived at the state level. In fact, in the decades since the New Deal, state courts have grown more willing to invoke the nondelegation doctrine. Despite the countless declarations of its demise, the nondelegation doctrine is, in a meaningful sense, alive and well. INTRODUCTION .................................................. 619 R I. THE LIFE AND DEATH OF THE NONDELEGATION DOCTRINE . 621 R A. The Doctrine’s Life ..................................... 621 R B. The Doctrine’s Death ................................... 623 R II. THE STRUCTURE OF A CONSTITUTIONAL REVOLUTION ....... 626 R III. THE PERSISTENCE OF THE NONDELEGATION DOCTRINE ...... 634 R A. Success Rate .......................................... 635 R B. Pre– and Post–New Deal Comparison .................... 639 R C. Representative Cases.................................... 643 R CONCLUSION .................................................... 645 R INTRODUCTION The story of the nondelegation doctrine’s demise is a familiar one. Eighty years ago, the New Deal Court discarded this principle, and since then, this once-powerful check on administrative expansion has had no place in our constitutional canon. -
Constitutional Tipping Points: Civil Rights, Social Change, and Fact-Based Adjudication
Columbia Law School Scholarship Archive Faculty Scholarship Faculty Publications 2006 Constitutional Tipping Points: Civil Rights, Social Change, and Fact-Based Adjudication Suzanne B. Goldberg Columbia Law School, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the Constitutional Law Commons Recommended Citation Suzanne B. Goldberg, Constitutional Tipping Points: Civil Rights, Social Change, and Fact-Based Adjudication, 106 COLUM. L. REV 1955 (2006). Available at: https://scholarship.law.columbia.edu/faculty_scholarship/65 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Publications at Scholarship Archive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarship Archive. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COLUMBIA LAW REVIEW VOL. 106 DECEMBER 2006 NO. 8 ARTICLES CONSTITUTIONAL TIPPING POINTS: CIVIL RIGHTS, SOCIAL CHANGE, AND FACT-BASED ADJUDICATION Suzanne B. Goldberg* This Article offers an account of how courts respond to social change, with a specific focus on the process by which courts "tip" from one under- standing of a social group and its constitutional claims to another. Adjudi- cation of equal protection and due process claims, in particular,requires courts to make normative judgments regarding the effect of traits such as race, sex, sexual orientation, or mental retardationon group members' status and capacity. Yet, Professor Goldberg argues, courts commonly approach decisionmaking by focusing only on the 'facts" about a social group, an approach that she terms 'fact-based adjudication." Professor Goldberg criti- ques this approachfor its flawed premise that restrictions on social groups can be evaluated based on facts alone and its role in obscuring judicial involvement in selecting among competing norms. -
Patchak V Zinke
(Slip Opinion) OCTOBER TERM, 2017 1 Syllabus NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued. The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader. See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U. S. 321, 337. SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES Syllabus PATCHAK v. ZINKE, SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR, ET AL. CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA CIRCUIT No. 16–498. Argued November 7, 2017—Decided February 27, 2018 Petitioner David Patchak filed suit challenging the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to invoke the Indian Reorganization Act, 25 U. S. C. §5108, and take into trust a property (Bradley Property) on which respondent Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians wished to build a casino. In Match-E-Be-Nash-She-Wish Band of Pottawatomi Indians v. Patchak, 567 U. S. 209 (Patchak I), this Court held that the Secretary lacked sovereign immunity and that Patchak had standing, and it remanded the case for further pro- ceedings. While the suit was back in District Court, Congress enact- ed the Gun Lake Act, 128 Stat. 1913, which “reaffirmed as trust land” the Bradley Property, §2(a), and provided that “an action . relating to [that] land shall not be filed or maintained in a Federal court and shall be promptly dismissed,” §2(b). -
Binding the Enforcers: the Administrative Law Struggle Behind President Obama's Immigration Actions
KAGAN 502.DOC (DO NOT DELETE) 1/5/2016 10:41 AM BINDING THE ENFORCERS: THE ADMINISTRATIVE LAW STRUGGLE BEHIND PRESIDENT OBAMA‘S IMMIGRATION ACTIONS Michael Kagan * INTRODUCTION President Obama has made executive action and prosecutorial discretion his signature contributions to immigration policy. His aim has been to focus enforcement against immigrants caught at the border or with criminal records while easing the path toward integration for others.1 These actions—a collection of policies that use discretion to improve the legal standing of millions of unau- thorized immigrants or at least shield them from arrest and de- portation—may benefit as many as 87% of the unauthorized im- migrants in the United States.2 The most important of these * Associate Professor at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, William S. Boyd School of Law. B.A., Northwestern University; J.D., University of Michigan Law School. This ar- ticle benefited from insights and feedback from Jill E. Family, Hiroshi Motomura, and Da- vid Rubenstein. All errors are mine. 1. See generally Michael Kagan, A Taxonomy of Discretion: Refining the Legality De- bate About Obama’s Executive Actions on Immigration, 92 WASH. U. L. REV. 1083 (2015) (describing President Obama‘s immigration policy reforms); Jerry Markon, Obama Admin- istration Scales Back Deportations in Policy Shift, WASH. POST (July 2, 2015), https: //www.washingtonpost.com/politics/dhs-scales-back-deportations-aims-to-integrate-illegal- immigrants-into-society/2015/07/02/890960d2-1b56-11e5-93b7-5eddc056ad8a_story.html (discussing President Obama‘s immigration policy shift toward integration). 2. Julia Preston, Most Undocumented Immigrants Will Stay Under Obama’s New Policies, Report Says, N.Y.