Air Liquide: from the Control of Air to the Conquest of Space Press Kit International Paris Air Show October 2015 Contents

Air Liquide: from the control of air to the conquest of space Press Kit International Paris Air Show October 2015 Contents

Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation

Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation ...... 3 Innovate and shape new markets in Aeronautics ...... 8 Air Liquide at the heart of aeronautical programs ...... 9

Air Liquide, historical partner in the space adventure

Air Liquide, historical partner in the space adventure ...... 10 Air Liquide, a major player in the European space program ...... 12 Air Liquide, providing cold for space ...... 15 Cold for space, the Planck and Herschel satellites and MELFI space fridge ...... 16 Air Liquide, the space adventure continues ...... 19

Advanced Technologies: pushing back frontiers and opening up new markets

Advanced Technologies at a glance ...... 24 Advanced Technologies, world leader in High Technologies for the gas field ...... 25 Advanced Technologies, a global presence ...... 26 Advanced Technologies, the test center ��27 Advanced Technologies, client support ��28 Understanding the business of advanced Technologies ��29

Appendices

Advanced Technologies, more than 50 years of technical, industrial and commercial experience ...... 30 Contact ...... 34

2 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 3 Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation

World leader in the field of air gas separation technologies, Air Liquide has developed a cutting-edge expertise in aeronautics and, today, is a favored partner in civil and military aviation. Air Liquide offers equipment and systems related to the supply of gas on aircraft or helicopters and on the ground.

On board gas generation

Advanced Technologies offers innovative global solutions to improve the availability and safety of aircraft and helicopters.

Its OBOGS (On Board Oxygen Generating System) range

An autonomous generation of oxygen enriched air on weapon, training or transportation aircraft. OBOGS produces the oxygen breathed on board to meet all the physiological needs (breathable gas and anti-g protection) of one or two pilots, of a crew, however long or complex the assignment they are on.

Unparalleled performance guaranteed through a unique electromechanical design

Its OBIGGS (On Board Inert Gas Generating System) range

improves plane safety, thanks to a tank inerting system removing any risk of explosion of fuel vapours.

4 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation

PORTABLE OXYGEN EQUIPMENT Breathing Equipment (PBE)

Air Liquide designs and manufactures protective smoke hoods, specially designed for cabin crew. This PBE uses compressed aeronautical quality oxygen and delivers this oxygen to commercial flight crew members, as soon as it is put on, for 15 minutes of operating time. This is an autonomous oxygen delivery in closed-loop systems for contaminated areas or forced sea landings thanks to More than 4,500 equipement the smoke hood who offers flight personnel the protection required delivered each year for organization of evacuation operations in the event of fire.

Portable oxygen cylinders Air Liquide has acquired the portable oxygen systems of Avia Technique, which specializes in mechanical gas distribution. Its signature technology is aircraft emergency, first aid and therapeutic oxygen delivery on board commercial aircraft.

Portable Oxygen Cylinder Assembly (POCA*) – CC Series Portable oxygen equipment designed to deliver oxygen to passengers or crew on board for emergency applications. *Portable Oxygen Cylinder Assembly

Portable Pulse Oxygen Cylinder – DE Series A pulse dose therapeutic oxygen conserving system designed for passengers who have a pre-existing medical condition and pre-book oxygen for their flight(s). It can also be used for emergency purposes (First Aid). Its innovation is based on “pulse” oxygen distribution, which allows the individual user to trigger the delivery of oxygen while controlling the amount of oxygen that is delivered. The benefit is immediate: these onboard oxygen cylinders offer 5 times the autonomy of other systems.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 5 Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation

Gas generation for ground devices

In order to meet the logistic requirements of both armies and airlines, Air liquide has developed ground devices. Gaseous Nitrogen Mobile generators are used for equipment service operations such as damper and tire inflation, and high pressure capacity filling. Gaseous or liquid Oxygen Mobile Generators are used to fill the pilot and crew oxygen bottles and converters.

Advanced Technologies meets both army and airlines restraints by relieving them of heavy logistics.

Elimination of logistics restraints related to liquid nitrogen and oxygen storage and cylinder transportation systems.

Oxygen and nitrogen production in harsh environments such as aircraft carriers.

Supply of high purity oxygen in large quantities for field hospitals.

6 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, preferred partner in civil and military aviation

Cryogenics for optronics Air Liquide offers a wide range of miniature cryocoolers, able to cool down below 100K infrared detectors designed for various optronic applications. Cooling down infrared detectors or electronic components, on the ground or on board, in harsh conditions…

Aeronautics customer support

The aeronautics customer support provides preventive and curative maintenance for on-board gas generating systems, ground production and storage in order to maintain the equipment in operational conditions.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 7 Innovate and shape new markets in Aeronautics

For the next generation of aircraft, by proposing solutions for the supply of clean and renewable hydrogen-based energy, in order to lower the level of airport pollution in the future.

Air Liquide develops systems for the high pressure storage and supply of the hydrogen, in gas or liquid form, used to power fuel cell batteries. In this capacity, Air Liquide is participating in different hydrogen projects related to aviation, such as the European HYCARUS (HYdrogen Cells for AiRborne Usage) project.

As official supporter of Solar Impulse, the solar-powered airplane

As official supporter of Solar Impulse, the solar-powered airplane Air Liquide is providing the aviation grade oxygen for use inflight during the different stages of the first Round the World Solar Flight, thereby sharing in and supporting the challenge, innovation, and pioneering spirit it represents.

For ground support

Air Liquide provides alternative energy solutions to power container and transporter loaders such as luggage transportation vehicles fleets. With HyPulsion (a joint venture 80%-owned by Air Liquide’s subsidiary Axane and 20%-owned by Plug Power), Air Liquide provides hydrogen fuel cells to function on electric loader ground equipment in airport. Air Liquide has also designed a complete range of hydrogen refuelling stations to fill those vehicles.

Hydrogen, a clean energy carrier A fuel cell produces electricity from hydrogen on its place of use, with no greenhouse gas or particle emissions, and no noise. Hydrogen can be produced from a wide range of energy sources, in particular natural gas, as well as renewable energy sources. Hydrogen therefore has great potential as a source of clean energy and for guaranteeing secure supply.

8 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide at the heart of aeronautical programs

Aircraft Programs involving Air Liquide

Oxygen generating Protective breathingPortable oxygen Air separationNitrogen generating systems Oxygen regulationLiquid oxygen Tanks equipment cylinder module for OBIGGS systems Cryo-coolers CIVIL – Commercial aircraft & business jets OXYGEN NITROGEN Airbus A319 Sub-system or assembly A320 / A321 Complete A330 / 340 system or equipment A380

A350

Boeing B-737

B-747

B-777

Embraer ERJs Gulstream G450 / 550 / 650 Irkut MC-21 MILITARY – Fighters & transport aircraft

Aero Vodochody L-159 Alenia Aermacchi M-346 Dassault Aviation Rafale

Mirage 2000

Alphajet

Mirage F1

Jaguar

Lockheed Martin F-35 JSF

F-22

SAAB Gripen

Airbus Military A400M

CASA C-295

Alenia Aermacchi C-27J Boeing C-17 MILITARY – Helicopters

Eurocopter Tiger

Cougar Horizon

H.A.L ALH

LCH

K.A.I KHP

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 9 Air Liquide, historical partner of the space adventure

10 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, historical partner in the space adventure

Air Liquide, more than 50 years of successful service to the space odyssey

For more than 50 years, the Group has worked to build strong credibility in this field and has deployed all the resources needed to ensure the reliability of its equipment and the performance of its products and services. Thanks to its expertise in cryogenics, Air Liquide is a partner for many of the world’s largest international space projects: the European space program, observation satellites (Herschel, Planck, etc.), the International Space Station (MELFI) and the Rover Curiosity (SAM).

As both a player in and a partner of the scientific community, Air Liquide conducts ongoing work to develop its cryogenic equipment. In support of the space industry, Air Liquide produces industrial gases, provides related services and manufactures cryotechnical tanks and equipment.

On the Kourou launch pad in Guyana, but also at Cape Canaveral in Florida for NASA and at the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan: at every rocket launch, our teams produce and supply launcher propulsion and inerting fluids.

Air Liquide is currently in the process of developing the innovations that will be mission critical for future generations of cryogenic propulsion launchers that will respond to the new challenges of the space industry.

Air Liquide: its expertise in space cryogenics is unrivaled in the world, working for science and the conquests of tomorrow.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 11 Air Liquide, a major player in the European space program

Air Liquide, at the heart of the Ariane launcher

Air Liquide and Euro Cryospace1 (a strategic partnership between Air Liquide and Airbus Defence and Space) are involved from the design of the cryotechnical tanks to their integration into the launcher’s systems, proposing innovative solutions that address the challenges inherent in the science and conquest of the universe.

3 ESC-A*: Liquid hydrogen tank

1 Fairing insulation

2 Pressure control component ESC-A*: Liquid oxygen tank 1 4 3 2 4 5

6 EPC**: Liquid hydrogen 5 Level gauges, propellant and oxygen tanks management devices (anti-vortex…), insulation 5 6

8 Pressurised liquid helium storage

7 Cryogenic feeding lines 7

8 *ESC-A : Cryogenic upper stage “A” **EPC : Main cryogenic stage

1 Euro Cryospace is a French GIE (groupement d’intérêt économique) based in les Mureaux, near Paris, in France. Through Air Liquide advanced Technologies and the GIE Euro Cryospace, Air Liquide designs and implements all of the cryogenic tanks for the Ariane 5 launcher and the related equipment.

12 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, a major player in the European space program

At Les Mureaux near Paris, Euro Cryospace designs, develops and manufactures the cryogenic tanks for the launcher’s main stage. These tanks contain 175 tons of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen, as well as the cryogenic tanks for the upper stage of the launcher (ESC-A).

Air Liquide, located in France near Sassenage, produces the liquid helium subsystem of the main stage, in addition to the upper stage cryogenic oxygen tank on Ariane 5 ECA, capable of sending two satellites weighing a total of nearly 10 tons into geostationary orbit. Through Air Liquide advanced Technologies and the GIE Euro Cryospace, Air Liquide designs and implements all of the cryogenic tanks for the Ariane 5 launcher and the related equipment. Today, Air Liquide is also the partner of the future launcher Ariane 6 for onboard and on the ground cryogenic systems.

Manufacturing Insulation Integration

Transport Launch preparation Launch

Air Liquide has contributed to all successive developments of the launcher, from Ariane 1 to Ariane 5. This uninterrupted collaboration has lasted for 50 years and has seen 223 Ariane flights.

In 1987, Air Liquide was tasked with increasing the capacity of the launcher tanks and, in Waziers (France), created a new liquid hydrogen unit intended primarily for the development of Ariane 5’s cryotechnical engine. Subsequently, Air Liquide Spatiale Guyane was created to address the launching needs of Ariane 5.

Air Liquide designs and builds the cryogenic installations of the centers for testing the launcher’s motor, as well as the simulation chambers and test benches for the satellites and their components before they are launched by Ariane.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 13 Air Liquide, a major player in the European space program

Supplying propulsion fluids, assistance, onsite services and support up to launch

At the Kourou launch site, the Group founded Air Liquide Spatial Guyane in 1991, an integral part of the Guyana Space Center. Expert teams from Air Liquide Spatial Guyane (45 people) and Group experts offer their skills during all phases of the program.

Air Liquide Spatial Guyane produces and supplies all the gases and related services needed to launch the Ariane rocket. The Air Liquide Group is also a launch site partner at Merritt Island - Cape Canaveral in the United States and at Tanegashima in Japan.

Propulsion fluids (liquid hydrogen and oxygen),

Helium stored in its liquid state, after it has been reheated, is used to pressurize the main oxygen tank,

Gaseous helium and nitrogen used for pressurization, cooling and draining.

But the services provided by Air Liquide go well beyond the supply of gases. Air Liquide equipment, such as the hydrogen liquifier (HYLIAL), is also used in the production of liquid hydrogen that can be stored and redistributed. In addition, Air Liquide offers full maintenance services, cryotechnical or other, for equipment sets, particularly vacuum super-insulated transfer lines.

Air Liquide experts are on hand in Kourou during each launch campaign and take care of inspecting the cryogenic tanks and equipment all the way up to the time of the launch.

Arianespace, like the CNES, has entrusted Air Liquide Spatial Guyane with responsibility for supervising the full maintenance programs for a whole range of equipment and for all of the flexible pipes that connect the launcher to the launch umbilical tower.

Air Liquide Spatial Guyane is also 57 kilometers of pipelines, including 12 kilometers running toward the new Soyuz launch site and an annual production of 10 million liters of liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen.

14 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, providing cold for space

Supercold on board satellites

Air Liquide offers its expertise in cryogenics to further the development of equipment for satellites and orbital systems. Air Liquide designs and builds the cryogenic equipment without which satellites orbiting the earth and astrophysics missions could not function. Air Liquide equipped both the Planck and Herschel satellites, which are the two most complex satellites ever produced in Europe.

Why such low temperatures ?

This satellites were used to explore the depths of the universe, where the temperature is a mere 3 Kelvin (“K”). To measure an accurate signal their detectors must be cooled to an even lower temperature. To detect the weakest signals emitted, it was thus necessary to run the cryogenic systems installed on the Planck and Herschel satellites at a very low and stable temperature of 0.1 K, which is one-tenth of a degree above absolute zero. From cryogenics to the conquest of space

The techniques developed by Air Liquide in the field of orbital cryogenics address a wide range of needs:

Observation of the thermal radiation of the Universe over a huge range of wavelengths (including infrared) with the Planck and Herschel satellites.

Preservation of MELFI samples taken in space.

Cooling infrared and electronic telecommunications sensors with Stirling and PulsedTube cryo coolers.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 15 Cold for space, the planck and Herschel satellites and Melfi space fridge

Planck satellite

Planck observes the Universe as it was more than 13 billion years ago, thanks to light emitted about 380,000 years after the Big Bang that is still travelling freely through space. The information obtained on the birth of the Universe will be used to elucidate the initial physical conditions and the mechanisms by which galaxies were formed.

Air Liquide helped to design the Planck satellite, developing a dilution cooling system that reaches extremely low temperatures, close to absolute zero (-273.15°C). To detect the weakest signals emitted, the instruments must function at a very low and stable temperature of 0.1 K, which is one-tenth of a degree above absolute zero.

The technology developed for this dilution cooler ensures continuous operation without emitting vibrations or magnetic fields that could disrupt the observations. For this exceptional project, Air Liquide teams worked in close collaboration with experts from the Institut Néel (CNRS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France) and the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale (IAS) on behalf of the Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales (CNES, France).

The Planck satellite, equipped with its cooler, can map the cosmic light at the bottom of the Universe since 2009. The temperature of this cosmological background is around three degrees above absolute zero. Therefore, it was necessary to lower the temperature of the detectors. The cooling system used in this program is completely new, and this is the first time the technology has qualified for use in space. In orbit since 2009, Planck has become the coldest point in space, at 0.1K versus 2.7K.

On March 21, 2013, the first cosmological findings were unveiled for members of the scientific and space communities. Since then, several discoveries have been captured in images, like the one representing the structure of the magnetic field of our galaxy. ButP lanck has also led more recently to other major breakthroughs, in particular the constitution of a unique catalogue of more than a thousand galaxy clusters. Today, the Planck telescope continues to deliver its secrets Map of the magnetic field of our galaxy to scientists. © ESA - collaboration Planck

The dilution refrigerator for the Planck satellite ran non-stop for 2-and-a-half years, twice as long as initially planned.

16 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Cold for space, the planck and Herschel satellites and Melfi space fridge

Herschel satellite

The Herschel Space Observatory, which was also launched in 2009 with the Planck satellite, was designed to give astronomers a unique set of resources for observing the Universe and in particular exploring the zones where stars are born, the centers of galaxies and planetary systems. For this satellite, the principal challenges lay in the design and construction of the main superfluid liquid helium tank.

This tank stored superfluid helium at a temperature of 1.6 K, designed to cool the telescope and its three observation instruments. Air Liquide thus designed and built, in collaboration with Airbus Defence and Space and on behalf of the European Space Agency, a huge 2,400-liter tank which had to be perfectly sealed.

Equipped with a mirror of 3.5 meters in diameter, this satellite became the largest space telescope ever installed in space.

Air Liquide also supplied helium transport lines and thermal shields that insulate tanks and instruments from the external environment.

Herschel stopped observing the Universe on april 29, 2013 because the amount of liquid helium used to cool the instrument of the telescope to close to absolute zero has exhausted, as planned. Herschel has made a number of scientific observations within the universe and transmits a wealth of data that have been studied over time. They have already delivered results on the birth of stars and the evolution of our galaxy.

With the help of the Herschel and Planck satellites, Planck affiliated researchers have discovered new and enigmatic distant galaxies formed of impressive quantities of stars. Most of these galaxies exhibit the property of strong clustering and could be galaxy clusters in the making.

Herschel have observed the hidden cold Universe for more than three years with success.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 17 Cold for space, the planck and Herschel satellites and Melfi space fridge

MELFI, the space fridge

MELFI was loaded onto the Discovery space shuttle, en route to its final destination on board the International Space Station, from which it was operational as of July 2006. Under this NASA mission, MELFI is a cryogenic freezer that can preserve biological and other scientific specimens or experimental results – at temperatures as low as -95°C – until they are safely delivered to the planet earth.

Air Liquide designed and developed the cold producing turbo engine that constitutes the active part of MELFI and that has a rotation speed of up to 80,000 revolutions per minute! The Group’s specialists rose to a genuine challenge when they managed to pack equipment normally found in industrial facilities into a very small space, while also maintaining the high standards of reliability and safety required for manned flights.

Today, MELFI remains in operation and continues to carry out its original mission.

MELFI: Already, more than 8 years of running non-stop at 80,000 revolutions/minute.

18 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, the space adventure continues

To ensure that the great adventure continues, Air Liquide is working with its partners to invent and design the new avenues of progress leading to the growth and conquests of tomorrow. On every front, Air Liquide innovates in order to consolidate and broaden the range of services it offers to present and future space programs and orbital systems. Today, Air Liquide reiterates its commitment to the space industry and the continuity of its strategy for innovating and constantly pushing back the technological frontiers by positioning itself as an expert in cryogenics with unique knowhow in cryogenics for space. In the European space program

Last December, following a meeting between ministers from countries that are members of the ESA, the decision was made to phase out the Ariane 5 program and its evolution, Ariane 5 ME (Middle Life Evolution), and to focus on the development of Ariane 6. National level agencies have entrusted the Ariane 6 project to several European industrial players, whose challenge is to reduce costs compared with Ariane 5, to more competitive levels, in particular with respect to US and Asian made launchers. Within this new configuration, Air Liquide is the head design authority for the cryogenic component of the new launcher, which features cryogenic propulsion for two of its three stages. In addition, Air Liquide will continue to manufacture the fuel tanks for Ariane 5 until 2023, when Ariane 6 will be ready to take over.

Two scientific and technical projects serving the future launchers, Ariane 6 in particular

In 2007, advanced Technologies and Euro Cryospace were selected by the CNES to develop new cryogenic technologies for future launchers. Combining their respective areas of skill and expertise, this mission resulted in the completion of the technology demonstration program known as HX. With HX, Air Liquide contributed to and participated in the development of future generations of the Ariane launcher, and is very proactive in the search for new technologies in general, those related to the upper stage in particular. Most of the technologies developed constitute a world premiere and were designed specifically for a possible integration into the cryogenic upper stages of Ariane 5 and Ariane 6.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 19 Air Liquide, the space adventure continues

More recently, Air Liquide took part in the Cryofenix mission.

A sounding rocket known as Cryofenix, operated by the Swedish Space Corporation, was successfully launched on February 22, from the Esrange Space Center located in Northern Sweden, 40km from Kiruna. An experimental module containing liquid hydrogen completed a flight under microgravity conditions (an altitude of more than 100km, with an apogee of 260km) lasting 6 minutes. The aim of this flight, a first for Europe, was to test the behavior of the liquid gravity in microgravity in order to correlate the theoretical calculations with reality and improve our understanding of the behavior of cryogenic propellants* in flight, to improve the performance of the future Ariane 6.

For this project, in partnership with the CNES, Air Liquide supplied the cryogenic flight module containing the hydrogen and the liquid hydrogen supply equipment installed at the launch pad, and also delivered liquid hydrogen to the Space Center, which is located above the Arctic Circle.

The data gathered during this experiment are used for an in-depth study of the behavior of liquid hydrogen in microgravity and to obtain information for the development Ariane 6. The ultimate goal is to meet requirements related to predicting the behavior of fluids in the tanks of a future cryogenic rocket stage that will be propelled by an engine that is re-ignitable during the ballistic phase of its flight (the weak gravity phase). Ultimately, this will make it possible to place two satellites in different orbits between two successive re-ignitions of engines in flight.

*Cryogenic propellants : combustion agent and fuel used in liquid form to produce energy for a launcher.

20 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Air Liquide, the space adventure continues

In the orbital systems

After the first experiments, conducted successfully during the supply of cryogenic equipment for the Planck and Herschel satellites as well as for MELFI on board the International Space Station, Air Liquide’s development continues with the creation of a special unit dedicated to designing and producing space freezers (Pulse Tubes) for orbital systems, an exploit that is a first for Europe. The fruit of 10 years of R&D, Pulse Tubes produce cold in the low 50-80K temperature range by exploiting the Stirling thermodynamic cycle.

This is the technology that was chosen for an observatory satellite that will be launched into space in 2016. This technology offers several advantages for space applications: a very stable capacity for cryogenic cooling, remarkably low levels of vibration, exceptional reliability and a very long operating lifetime. The satellite that will carry the first pulse tubes and its electronics, is the optical reconnaissance system for the future space defense and security imaging program for France and its German, Belgian, Spanish, Greek and Italian partners.

Air Liquide will soon be providing the freezers for the earth observation satellite MTG (MeteoSat Third Generation). The Pulse Tubes (12 in all) installed on board the MTG have an expected lifespan of approximately ten years. The MTG programme envisages sending six satellites into a geostationary orbit 36,000 km above the Earth, for twenty years from 2017, in order to ensure continuity to weather and climatic data with increased precision.

Airbus Defence & Space and the CNES selected the pulse tube technology of Air Liquide to handle the cooling of the new generation Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer IASI-NG (The New Generation of Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer). Air Liquide advanced Technologies will thus be producing pulse tube cryocoolers for the IASI-NG instrumentation. With the IASI-NG project, Air Liquide is entering into the industrial phase for its cryo-generators for space. For the first time, this equipment will not go through a development phase. The first satellite will be in orbit in 2021.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 21 Air Liquide, the space adventure continues

Conquering the Universe After landing on Mars in August of 2012, the Curiosity rover continues to explore the planet, delivering its findings as it makes observations, analyzing the Martian atmosphere as well as its soil. The data analyses sent by the rover in April 2015 bolster the case for the possible existence of brine on the planet Mars.

Curiosity took to the skies in November 2011, with ten scientific instruments on board, including Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM), a project that Air Liquide had been working on since 2005. Air Liquide was involved during the design period of the gas chromatograph and the brazing and welding of the capillaries, and also carried out various jobs related to operate during the assembly of SAM at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Washington, D.C.

The search for life on Mars continues. After the robot Curiosity, ESA – with the participation of the Russian space agency Roscosmos – has announced plans to send the rover ExoMars in 2018 for further exploration of the planet. The rover will look for signs of past life and study the composition of the Martian subsoil. MOMA (Mars Organic Molecule Analyzer) is the principal instrument of ExoMars. Its main component is a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer, which will analyze the organic molecules taken from the soil samples picked up by the rover. As it did for Curiosity’s SAM instrument, in tandem with LATMOS(1) and LISA(2), Air Liquide is assembling the chromatograph and linking the capillaries of the system via high precision welding and soldering. MOMA-GC has a helium sphere and a micro-regulator (technology developed by the Max Planck Institute) that were designed, qualified and manufactured by Air Liquide to supply the helium used as a carrier gas for chromatography. The qualification chromatograph was assembled and welded in 2014, the flight model, which will be made in 2015. (1) Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (2) Laboratoire Inter universitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques

22 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Advanced Technologies: pushing back frontiers and opening up new markets

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 23 Advanced Technologies at a glance

air liquide Advanced Technologies

Advanced Technologies, Technological development world leader in High business dedicated to the Technologies for the gas field exploration of new markets through innovation

More than 50 years of experience: technical, industrial and commercial, a standard setter in the field of gas separation, very low temperature refrigeration, liquefaction, analysis and testing of the quality, treatment, storage and distribution of gases

Based in France, 4 locations More than 700 worldwide: Germany, employees the United States, China and Japan

The Air Liquide Group at a glance

World leader in gases, More than 9 Research & Development technologies and services 50,000 employees centers, 15 Engineering 2014 revenue: for Industry and Health in 80 countries centers €15,358 million 2014 net income: €1,665 million

24 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Advanced Technologies, world leader in High Technologies for the gas field

Advanced Technologies capitalizes on innovation and is focused on the future:

The Sassenage facility opened in 1962 with the conviction that cryogenics was destined for a bright industrial future. The first applications, for space, were developed rapidly. Over the years, teams of experts have transformed the ideas of a handful of pioneers into an exceptional track record.

Today, advanced Technologies is present in 6 key markets

2014 Revenue distribution

Space: institutional and industrial participants in the space field interested % in cryogenic equipment integrated with orbital systems, launchers, launch 54,1 pads, and testing means.

Scientific research: laboratories, research centers, large-scale scientific % equipment makers and R&D departments in industry interested in cryogenic 26,4 equipment.

Aeronautics: airlines, civil and military aviation and aircraft manufacturers, interested in systems for generating and storing embarked gases and related % ground servicing devices. 12,5 Navy: shipbuilders interested in systems for generating and storage onboard gases.

Decentralized energies: advanced Technologies has taken up the challenge % of decentralized energy and is developing in the areas of hydrogen energy 4 and biogas purification.

Electronics & Optoelectronics: industrial and engineering firms interested 2,7 % in systems for the production and analysis of ultra-high purity gases.

Chemicals & Pharmaceuticals: industrial players interested in systems for 0,3 % processing gaseous effluents and thermal control of processes.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 25 Advanced Technologies, a global presence

Sassenage, Shanghaï, France China

Newark, Dusseldorf, Amagasaki, United States Germany Japan

26 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Advanced Technologies, the test center

Designed to test space equipment on the Ariane launcher, advanced Technologies’ test center is used today for our own needs and by many different industrial and scientific customers who come there, in perfectly safe conditions, to control the quality and reliability of their products, equipment and materials, benefiting from high performance facilities.

16 test areas Tank pressurization testing, liquid helium, hydrogen and oxygen test bench, vacuum chamber…

Advanced Technologies and its teams demonstrate a high level of expertise made available for customers in various fields such as physical characterization of materials at low temperatures, vacuum, high pressure, cryogenics, destructive testing…

5 test 2 blockhouses laboratories including systems of measurement acquisition.

Advanced Technologies can therefore deliver a quick answer to requests that may arise when developing new projects: space programs, aeronautics, navy, cryogenics project, hydrogen energy…

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 27 Advanced Technologies, client support

The teams at Air Liquide offer client support from project start to finish: equipment design, installation, operation, maintenance and servicing.

Studies (design, Risk management feasibility, etc.) Metrology Consulting on the development Tests of specifications Installation and start-up Selection of the most appropriate technologies Training Design and recommendation of turnkey solutions

28 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 Understanding the business of Advanced Technologies

1.Developing proprietary technologies

Our strength lies in our expertise and that of the Group in the fields of cryogenic engineering and gases. And in the interest of responding to the challenges of our clients or even anticipating them, we develop technological bricks for the following sectors:

Gas separation technologies, Very low temperature refrigeration and liquefaction of gases, Electronic regulation, Storage and distribution.

2.Creating tailored solutions in complex applications

In the area of cryogenic engineering and gases, we also support our clients in their effort to identify and integrate existing technologies, to meet specific and complex needs with an innovative solution. Every client is unique and so are the solutions we offer.

3.Designing, industrializing, manufacturing and testing products with a high technology content

In addition to developing proprietary technologies and creating specific solutions, we are also able to develop and manufacture customized products that respond to recurring market needs. Our goal is to produce an optimized, reliable product at the best cost…

4.Managing projects

Advanced Technologies offers fully integrated support:

Participation in preliminary design and preparation of specifications, Selection of the most appropriate technologies, Turnkey solutions available, Risk management, Related services, maintenance.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 29 Advanced Technologies, more than 50 years of technical, industrial and commercial experience

Key dates and events

1961 Air Liquide creates Eurospace to support Europe in the space race.

1962 Air Liquide facility in Sassenage opens, under the name Centre d’Études Cryogéniques (Cryogenics research Center).

1964 Hydrogen zone set up for testing. Guyana Space Center is founded.

1965 Site officially inaugured.

1967 Air Liquide builds the first liquid hydrogen production unit specifically for the space industry. The 1st cryopump in France ordered by the CNES in Toulouse, manufactured at the CEC.

1973 Birth of the Ariane program in Brussels, with Advanced Technologies involved from square one in the design of the launcher.

1979 1st launch of Ariane 1, with third stage tanks developed and manufactured at the Sassenage facility.

1980 The CEC becomes the Advanced Technologies Division. The site claims a more industrial calling. 1 st HELIAL liquefier with fully automatic controls completed. A world first.

1985 Smoke hoods chosen by AIR FRANCE to equip its flight personnel. First flight for an OBOGS on ALPHA JET.

1987 Air Liquide builds Europe’s largest liquid hydrogen production unit in Waziers (France) and meets Ariane’s liquid hydrogen needs via transatlantic shipping (on barges). OBOGS selected for the Rafale program.

1989 1 st launch of Ariane 4. Cryospace is founded in Les Mureaux (Greater Paris Area – France) to develop and manufacture Ariane 5 tanks.

1989 P9, the historic order from Arianespace for 50 tanks. First flight of a Mirage 2000 fitted with OBOGS.

1990 OBOGS adopted on the Rafale program, to be fitted on over 200 planes.

30 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 1991 Air Liquide Spatial Guyane is established to address the oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen and helium needs of the Ariane 5 launcher. Development of OBIGGS for the German Tiger helicopter. Construction of the first nitrogen generator prototype for the DGA.

1993 First flight for OBOGS on Rafale.

1995 First contract for the OBOGS-OBIGGS program for export, to the Czech Republic.

1996 First launch of Ariane 5.

1997 100 th Ariane flight. DGA order for 40 nitrogen generators.

1998 Advanced Technologies and Cryospace are selected to lead the design and manufacture of the tanks for the new upper cryotechnical stage (ESC) of Ariane 5. Liquid oxygen tank for advanced Technologies and liquid hydrogen tank for Cryospace.

1999 Start-up of aeronautical O2 / N2 generation plant on the aircraft-carrier Charles de Gaulle.

2001 Axane subsidiary (fuel cell) and Air Liquide Cryogenics Services set up. Cryospace and Advanced Technologies deliver the first prototypes/examples of tanks for the new cryotechnical upper stage (ESC). First in-flight OBIGGS system in Italy.

2002 7 very high purity gas purifiers in 5 months for Crolles 2. 1 st Axane fuel cell.

2003 1 st hydrogen station. US Air Force gets fitted out at Sassenage (oxygen analysers). OBOGS selected as an option on the A380 civil program.

2004 Largest refrigerator in the world set up at CERN. First flight for OBOGS on the Italian M346 aircraft. First contract for OBIGGS on the India ALH helicopter.

2005 1 st flight for Ariane 5, ESCA version. 1 st breakthrough in China for Helial (Shanghai Institute for Satellite Engineering). OBOGS selected on the A400M military cargo aircraft.

2006 PA batch for Ariane 5. Melfi in operation on board the International Space Station. First flight for OBOGS on American JSF/F-35 and Korean KT-1 program.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 31 2007 Original cryostats for superconductor cables in the United States. First OBOGS on the A400M. Two Air Liquide advanced Technologies sites set up in the United States and China.

2008 Air Liquide advanced Technologies set up a site in Japan. 5 hydrogen stations for General Motors in North America. At the request of the CNES, Air Liquide – in partnership with Cryospace – initiates HX, the technology demonstration program intended to prepare for the long-term development of the Ariane launcher. Air Liquide Spatial Guyane installs a helium liquefactor and, in so doing, becomes the world’s largest storage facility (outside production sites). First OBOGS flight on French Cougar-Horizon helicopter.

2009 New contract for Ariane calling for the delivery of 35 batches of tanks for the period 2009-2014. Launch of Planck and Herschel, the innovative technologies of Air Liquide are installed in the very heart of these two scientific satellites, which could not operate without them. The HFI (High Frequency Instrument) of the Planck satellite reaches its nominal running temperature: 0.1 degree above absolute zero (-273°C), the coldest point in space. New contract to equip an observation satellite with Air Liquide’s pulse tube technology. Oxygen regulation module selected for Gulfstream large cabin business jets.

2010 OBIGGS technology chosen for the future Russian MC21.

2011 1 st results from the Planck satellite. 200 th flight of the Ariane launcher: a highly symbolic milestone for Air Liquide, historic partner of the European space program. Expose-R return on Earth. End of the testing phase for the HX demonstrator. The robot Curiosity Mars Science Laboratory takes off to look for fossil proof of life on the Red Planet, with Sample Analysis on Mars aboard, a project that Air Liquide has been involved in since 2005. Protective Breathing Equipment, production peak year : 5,000 units. Contract with the Korean Aerospace Industries to equip the KUH helicopter with OBIGGS.

2012 Engagement of the Meteosat Third Generation (MTG) program. Creation of Euro Cryospace, a strategic partnership between Air Liquide and Astrium since 1988 Euro Cryospace is selected as the design and manufacturing authority for the main and upper stage tanks on the Ariane 5ME. Wednesday, July 4, CERN experiments observe particle consistent with long-sought Higgs boson. First Air Liquide public hydrogen filling station for passengers’ cars (Düsseldorf, Germany). First KHP serial OBIGGS.

32 Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 2013 First cosmological results from the Planck satellite. Herschel stopped observing the Universe on may 29. The observations made by the satellite have yet to be studied. First Oxyplane delivered (Liquid & gaseous oxygen autonomous generator). OBOGS A400M certification: authorization to flight. Air Liquide, partner for the HYCARUS - HYdrogen Cells for AiRborne Usage 6 project. Agreement with SIMMAD (Integrated Structure of Maintenance in Operational Condition of Aeronautical Materials of Defense) to maintain the ground support equipment supplied by Air Liquide. 100,000 flight hours for the Air Liquide onboard inerting system OBIGGS on the ALH helicopters of Hindustan Aeronautics Ltd. 100,000 flight hours for Air Liquide’s onboard oxygen generation systems on the Rafale fighter jets (Dassault aviation) of the French Army. A total of 10,000 flight hours of testing for the three versions of the oxygen and anti-G regulators on the Lockheed-Martin F35 and around 3,000 aircraft to be equipped in the years ahead. Air Liquide is contributing to the deployment of a vast network of hydrogen charging stations in Germany and is supplying the first station in Slovenia.

2014 Air Liquide, official supporter of the Solar Impulse aircraft. Delivery of PIC number 1,000 to British manufacturer Honeywell Aerospace Yeovil. The PIC, or Pilot Interface Connector, is the system that links the pilot to Air Liquide’s oxygen and anti-G regulation system for US-based Lockheed Martin’s F-35 Lightning II fighter jet. Air Liquide’s onboard oxygen generator (OBOGS) celebrates its 25 years on the market. Its maiden flight on board an army jet was completed in the fall of 1989. Start-up of the first hydrogen charging station for IKEA’s forklift truck fleet in France. Four new hydrogen charging stations installed in Denmark. Airbus Defence & Space and the CNES opt for pulse tube cryocooler technology for IASI-NG (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer - New Generation). Air Liquide inaugurates a hydrogen charging station for passenger vehicles in Rotterdam. The Ariane 5 ME (Middle Life Evolution) comes to an end and Ariane 6 is launched, following the December 2nd meeting of ESA member ministers. The first Air Liquide hydrogen charging stations is installed in Saint-Lô, France, for use by regional government vehicles. Air Liquide equips an FM Logistic platform with a hydrogen charging system for forklift trucks that run on fuel cell batteries. Air Liquide partners with the new Ariane 6 program for cryogenic systems on board and on the ground.

2015 Launch on February 22 of the Cryofenix experimental module, with liquid hydrogen on board supplied by Air Liquide, for a 6-minute flight in microgravity. Air Liquide supplies the aviaton grade oxygen for the various legs of the round the world flight of Solar Impulse.

Press kit - PARIS AIR SHOW LE BOURGET 2015 33 Air Liquide advanced Technologies

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www.airliquideadvancedtechnologies.com © Pictures: Air Liquide / Courtoisie Air Marrel / Artechnique / P. Avavian / JPL. Caltech / CNES / Euro Cryospace / Getty Images - C. Anderson / Ginette / HFI & LFI Consortia / G. Korganow / Anderson / Ginette HFI & LFI Consortia G. Caltech / CNES Euro Cryospace / Getty Images - C. / JPL. Avavian Artechnique / P. Air Marrel / Air Liquide / Courtoisie © Pictures: L. Lelong / ESA / Arianespace / NASA / C. Perez / Courtoisie SITAEL / Solar Impulse / Courtoisie SSA / Swedish Space Corporation Vidsel Test Range - Anders Åberg / D.R. – October 2015 Åberg / D.R. Anders Range - Test Vidsel / Solar Impulse Courtoisie SSA Swedish Space Corporation Perez / Courtoisie SITAEL Arianespace / NASA C. Lelong / ESA L.