Negotiating Identity in the Novel of Everything I Never Told You English Letters Department Faculty of Adab and Humanities State
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NEGOTIATING IDENTITY IN THE NOVEL OF EVERYTHING I NEVER TOLD YOU An Undergraduate Thesis Submitted to Faculty of Adab and Humanities In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Strata One (S1) By Jeannita Kirana NIM. 1113026000065 ENGLISH LETTERS DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF ADAB AND HUMANITIES STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY SYARIF HIDAYATULLAH JAKARTA 2018 ABSTRACT Jeannita Kirana, Negotiating Identity in the Novel of Everything I Never Told You. An undergraduate thesis: English Letters Department, Faculty of Adab and Humanities, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, 2018. The aim of this research is to reveal that the efforts of James to perform his identity as a truly American are inseparable from domination strategy and negotiation strategy. The research uses qualitative method with descriptive analysis. It is supported by identity concept of Stuart Hall particularly on domination strategy and negotiation strategy. James dominates and negotiates his identity in order be a totally American. He prefers to consider himself as an American since there is a tough history of Chinese in that country. Chinese Americans who are in the minority group tend to face higher levels of social discrimination and lack of belonging. Therefore, James does domination strategy by denying his family background, adopting American culture, marrying with American woman, speaking fluent English, becoming a professor of the most iconic American subject which is Cowboy, and forcing his children to act like Americans. In addition, he also does some negotiation strategy by having an affair with Chinese girl and eating Chinese food. He craves for the sense of belonging since his physical appearance does not support. Keywords: Novel Analysis, Identity, Domination Strategy, Negotiation Strategy, Immigrant, Chinese American. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the name of Allah, the Most Gracious and Most Merciful. First of all, the writer wants to express gratitude to God the Almighty who gives her healthiness and His love so that the writer can finish this thesis. Surely, without Allah SWT blessings, it would be impossible to have the opportunity to finish the paper. May the peace and blessing of Allah SWT be upon our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW, his families, companions, and all of his followers. This thesis presented as a partial fulfillment of the requirement for Strata One Degree in English Letters Department of Adab and Humanities Faculty at State Islamic University (UIN) Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. Next, the writer would like to say thanks to her family, especially her beloved parents, Mr. Gandang Suryana and Mrs. Widyaningsih who support her mentally and financially to do the study in campus and finish her thesis. The writer would like to gives appreciation and huge gratitude to her advisor, Ms. Ida Rosida, M.Hum. for her great patients and times in guiding the writer to finish this thesis. Without her contributions, advices and suggestions the thesis could not be completed. The writer also would like to present her trustworthy gratitude to these following people: 1. Prof. Dr. Sukron Kamil, M.Ag., the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty. 2. Drs. Saefudin, M.Pd., the Head of English Letters Department. 3. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., the Secretary of English Letters Department. v 4. Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum., and Maria Ulfa, M.A., M.Hum., as the examiners of this thesis. 5. All the lecturers of English Letters Department who have shared their valuable knowledge and taught the writer during her study in UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta. 6. All the writer’s friends in English Letters Department, Institut, Senior High School Baes, and all the best friends in “Dunia Event” who gives her support and prayer to finish the thesis. 7. All the people who help the writer to finish this thesis that cannot be mentioned one by one. May Allah SWT blesses and gives the greatest award for them all. Jakarta, March 28h 2018 Jeannita Kirana vi TABLE OF CONTENT ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ i APPROVEMENT .............................................................................................. ii LEGALIZATION ............................................................................................. iii DECLARATION .............................................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... v TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................... vii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ....................................................................... 1 A. Background of the Study ........................................................ 1 B. Focus of the Study .................................................................. 4 C. Research Question .................................................................. 5 D. The Significance of the Research ............................................ 5 E. The Research Methodology .................................................... 5 1. The Objective of the Research ......................................... 6 2. The Method of Study ....................................................... 6 3. Data Analysis .................................................................. 6 4. Research Instrument ........................................................ 6 5. The Unit Analysis ............................................................ 7 6. Time and Place ................................................................ 7 CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ............................................ 8 A. Previous Research .................................................................. 8 B. Character and Characterization ............................................. 12 vii C. Identity Concept of Stuart Hall ............................................. 13 CHAPTER III RESEARCH FINDINGS ........................................................ 17 A. Character Analysis ............................................................... 17 B. Domination Strategy............................................................. 25 C. Negotiation Strategy ............................................................. 37 CHAPTER IV CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS ............................... 41 A. Conclusions .......................................................................... 41 B. Suggestions .......................................................................... 42 BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................ 43 viii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Background of the Study Chinese migration to the United States of America (USA) begins since the late 1800s. Based on U.S. Census Bureau 2012, Chinese is the largest Asian ethnic group in the country. The population itself saw rapid increase from 237.000 people in 1960 to four million people in 2010 (Lee and Zhou 10). This immigrants population includes foreign-born (first generation) and U.S-born (second generation). On the one hand, Chinese identity of the second generation who were born and raised in the USA can be recognised by their physical characteristics. Although, from their own experiences this Chinese identity that cling into them somehow is not an advantage. Chinese Americans stated that people expect them to be an expert in Chinese culture just because they looked Chinese. But in fact, American upbringing makes many Chinese Americans often lack of Chinese cultural competency such as language (Maruyama, Weber, and Stronza 8). According to Lew and Wong (2005) report in the book entitles Seductions of place: Geographical Perspectives on Globalization and Touristed Lanscapes, Chinese that live abroad often question their identity and values. It happens because of their physical appearance and culture illustrated minority in the country of settlement (Maruyama, Weber, and Stronza 3). Moreover, being minority as Asian Americans life in the USA is pretty harsh and challenging. They burdened by a lot of prejudices, big differences of culture and social, and received unfavorable 1 2 treatment. However, if they become more similar to the majority culture, it will be easier for them to make a living in the country (Matas 304). This Chinese identity issue appears in some novels, one of them is Everything I Never Told You by Celeste Ng1. It is her first novel to be published and won several achievements, they are New York Times Notable Book of 2014, the winner of the Massachusetts Book Award, Amazon Best Book of 2014, the ALA’s Alex Award, the Asian/Pacific American Award for Literature, the Medici Book Club Prize, and named as best book of the year by over a dozen publications. Not only that, Everything I Never Told You novel was a finalist for several awards, including the Ohioana Award, the John Creasey (New Blood) Dagger Award, and the VCU Cabell First Novelist Award (About Celeste). Everything I Never Told You novel sets James Lee as a Chinese descent man who was born and lived in America. His parents come to California as Chinese immigrants. At six years old, James and his family move to Iowa because James’ father gets a new job in a small boarding school in Iowa. Not only that, the school offers a job in the kitchen for James’s mother, also there is a special policy that allows children of the employees to enter the school for free if they pass the entrance test. Then, James pass