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Index

advice-giving, see truthtelling Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus (d. 524 Alexander the Great (356 BC–323 BC) or 525) supposed recipient of Aristotle’s advice 99–100 De consolatione philosophiæ 31 Annales Ricardi Secundi et Henrici Quarti 9, 17, 18, Bolingbroke, Henry, see Henry IV, king of 19, 21, 23, 26, 36, 49–50, 126, 133, 140 England Antiochus IV (c. 215 BC–164 BC), king of Syria Brown, A. L. 124 28–9, 145 Brut chronicle (Cambridge, Cambridge Aquinas, St Thomas (1224/5–1274) University Library MS Kk. 1. 12) 19 De regno: ad Regem Cypri 135 Bubwith, Nicholas (c. 1355–1424), bishop of Bath Aristotle (384 BC–322 BC) and Wells 124 advising Alexander as regards symbolic credit buffeting of Christ 35, 38 99–100 bureaucrats as valuable himself 102 as Members of Parliament 125 Politics 24, 139, 141 as readers of vernacular literature 123 Rhetoric 136 numbers of 122–3 Arundel, John (d. 1454) 68–9, 70–1, 121, 156 Burton, John ( fl. 1386–1394) 126 Arundel, Thomas (1353–1414), archbishop of Canterbury 10, 12, 20, 24, 28–9, 47, Chancery 122 see also John Burton, Thomas 49–50, 134, 136 Haseley, John Scarburgh, Richard Sotheworth, John Stopyndon Badby, John (d. 1410), see Henry V charge Barr, Helen 38, 105, 142, 143, 148, 149, 153 bearing charge 116–17 Beaufort charge–discharge system of accounting 165 Henry (1375?–1447), bishop of Winchester 79, Chaucer, Geoffrey (c. 1340–1400) 122, 123 97, 99–100, 105–6, 126, 127–30, 159 Canterbury Tales, The Joan (1379?–1440), countess of Westmorland manuscripts of 123 124 Monk’s Tale, The 32 Belshazzar (d. c. 539 BC) 29, 145 Wife of Bath’s Tale, The 122 Berkeley, Thomas (1353–1417), fifth Baron Gentilesse 122 Berkeley 120 Legend of Good Women, The 101–2 Bible as valuable poet 109 I Maccabees 28–9 Chaucer, Thomas (c. 1367–1434) 122, 123, 125 see also Painted Chamber Chillenden, Thomas (d. 1411) 126, 137 II Maccabees 28–9 Chosroes (d. 579 BC), king of Persia 145 see also Antiochus IV, Belshazzar, buffeting of Chronicles Christ, Christ’s tormentors, John the see Annales Ricardi Secundi et Henrici Quarti, Baptist, Judas Maccabeus Brut chronicle, Chronicque de la Biggs, Douglas 47, 48 traison et mort Richart Deux, Binski, Paul 144 Continuatio Eulogii, Jean Creton, Boccaccio, Giovanni (1313–1375) Dieulacres Chronicle, Giles’s Chronicle, De casibus illustrium virorum 32 John Gower, John Hardyng, Kirkstall

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© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-17548-7 - The Creation of Lancastrian Kingship: Literature, Language and Politics in Late Medieval England Jenni Nuttall Index More information

Index 183

Abbey Chronicle, Henry Knighton, Duchy of Lancaster, see Henry IV, patrimony London Chronicle, Adam Usk, Vita Ricardi Secundi, Thomas Walsingham, Edward I (1239–1307), king of England 144 Westminster Chronicle, William Edward III (1312–1377), king of England 145 Wintershill Elmham, Thomas (d. in or after 1427) 30 Chronicque de la traison et mort Richart Deux 140 Epstein, Robert 154, 165 civil service, see bureaucrats excess in dress 66–7 Clark, James G. 133 complaint tradition 34 Clarke, M. V. 30 criticism during reign of Henry IV 67–8 Clifford, Richard (d. 1421), bishop of London 70 petitions by Commons regarding 67–8 Cobham, John (c.1320–1408), third Baron Exchequer Cobham 10, 23 clerks of 122 Commons, clerk of the 125 see also Thomas Lancastrian 79 Haseley, John Scarburgh see also Henry Somer Commons, House of, see parliament Continuatio Eulogii 18, 19, 20, 21, 43, 50, 77, 80, familia regis, see royal household 81, 95–6 fashionability, see excess in dress counsel, see truthtelling Ferriby, William (d. after 1409) 30, 127, 145 credit 4 Ferster, Judith 161 symbolic credit of Crown 75, 94–100 finance, Crown symbolic credit of poet 101–3, 110, 117 Lancastrian 4 Creton, Jean ( fl. 1386–1420) discussion of 75 Histoire du Roy d’Angleterre Richard 140 expectations regarding 77–8 Croesus, king of Lydia (d. c. 546 BC) 29, 31, 145 enquiries into 81, 82–3 Crown, Lancastrian loans 79 self-presentation 4, 9, 23 ‘missing money’ 79–83 Crowned King 4, 75, 103–8, 109, 118, 120, 125, 127, moratoriums on payment of annuities 128, 129, 130 84–5, 117 payment of deserving 83–6 de casibus topos 6, 30, 55–8 problems facing 78–9 Denne, William, see William Donne proposed reforms of 75, 81–6 deposition of Richard II 1–2 revenue articles of deposition 10, 11–12, 14–16, 20, 22, 76 decline in 79 bill of resignation 1–2, 9, 10, 17, 139 demands on 78 ceremony on 30 September 1399 5, 17 ‘living of the king’s own’ 77–8 claim of throne by Henry IV 17, 139 Fletcher, C. D. 134 demerita notoria 2, 3–4, 5, 9, 10, 41–2 Forme of Cury 142 protestacio made by Richard II 139 fraud 4, 111, 118 sermon given by Thomas Arundel 10, 12–15, 16, Froissart, Jean (1337?–c. 1404) 23, 37, 61, 76, 136–8, 139 Chroniques de France, d’Angleterre et des pais speech of acceptance by Henry IV 139, 149 voisins 143 textualisation of 16, 17, 26 Frye, Robert (d. 1435) 125 withdrawal of fealty from Richard II 139 see also La Manere de la renonciacione del Roy Galbraith, V. H. 30 Richard, Record and Process of the Gascoigne, Thomas (1404–1458) Deposition of Richard II Loci e libro veritatem 77 Dieulacres Chronicle 2 Giles of Rome (d. 1316) Digby 102 poems 4 De regimine principum 11, 14, 21, 135, Dede is Worchyng 128–30, 163 136, 138 God Saue the Kyng, and Kepe the Crown 163 Giles’s Chronicle 30–1, 127 Mede and Muche Thank 153, 154 Given-Wilson C. J. 95, 137, 138, 145, 158 Treuthe, Reste, and Peace 162 governance Dodd, Gwilym 48 Lancastrian, 12, 13, 15 Doig, James A. 126, 168 expectations regarding 45 Donne, William (d. after 1408) 121 criticism of 46–54

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governance (cont.) John of Canace exemplum 88, 113–18 Ricardian Roundels on Lady Money 86, 88–9 retrospective view of 10–11, 13, 14, Series, The 124 15, 16, 17 Dialogue 124 Gower, John (d. 1408) 4, 55, 71, 121 his annuity 84, 85, 87 Cronica tripertita 18, 19, 24, 151 self-presentation 86–93 ‘O Deus immense’ 141 household, the To Henry the Fourth in Praise of Peace 57–8, 121 domus 138 Grady, Frank 4, 143, 150, 153, 154 expectation of charity to visitors 39 familia 138 Hanaper 122 narratives of truthtelling within 50–4, 62–3, annuities payable from 87 65–6 Hardyng, John (d. in or after 1464) royal 138 Chronicle 22, 70, 77 clerks of 122 Haseley, Thomas (d. 1449) 125 of Henry IV Hasler, Antony J. 155 alleged irreligiosity of 49–50 Hende, John (d. 1418), mayor of London 79 criticism of 46–50 Henry IV (1366–1413), king of England 2, 9, 10, expectations regarding 46–52 13, 126 proposed reform of 47–8 compared to Judas Maccabeus 28, 57 of Richard II 3–4, 10–11, 22, 24–6 deposition of Richard II 1 compared to Christ’s tormentors 35–6 grants and annuities 78–9, 83–6 clothing and 33–8 implied addressee of Mum and the Sothsegger King’s Chapel clerks 69–70 41–2 supposed attitude to truthtelling 37–8 implied reader of Richard the Redeless 45 supposed exclusion of humble visitors 39 legitimacy of 95–6 supposed luxury and excess 25 patrimony of 77, 81 supposed tyrannical qualities 25, 26 petitioned by Commons in parliament of supposed wilfulness 25 January 1401 98–9 supposed youthfulness 24, 25 promise not to levy taxes 43, 77, 78, 79, 95 social geography of 38, 46 promises of good governance 42–3, 134 Humphrey (1390–1447), duke of Gloucester 124 self-presentation as financially prudent Hungerford, Walter (1378–1449), first Baron 76–8, 95 Hungerford 123 supposed attitude to truthtellers 24, 42, 44 Wardrobe expenditure 95, 142, 158, 159 John, Lewis (d. 1442) 121–2, 124, 125 Henry V (1386/7–1422), king of England John of Salisbury (d. 1180) burning of John Badby 87, 92 Policraticus 136 draft response to his proposed French John the Baptist campaign 127–8, 130 humility of 36–7, 44, 150–1 implied addressee of Crowned King 103–8, 109 Judas Maccabeus 28 named addressee of Hoccleve’s Regiment see also Painted Chamber 63–4, 86, 88–9, 90, 91, 94, 109, 110, 112–13, 114, 116, 117 Kail, J. 168 Hoccleve, Thomas (c. 1367–1426) 4, 5, 6, Kent, Thomas (d. 1468) 123 55, 57, 58–71, 75, 86, 94, 109, 120, King’s Chapel, 68, 123 124, 125, 156 kingship Balade to Edward, duke of York 155–6 bad, see tyranny Balade to Henry V (beginning ‘Victorious good 11, 12, 16 King’) 87–8 Kirkstall Abbey Chronicle 126, 139, 140 Balade to John, duke of Bedford 155–6 Knapp, Ethan 165 La Male Regle de T. Hoccleve 5, 58–71, 86, 87, Knighton, Henry (d. c. 1396) 90, 92, 121 Chronicle of Henry Knighton 140 Regiment of Princes, The 4, 5, 56, 58–68, 86, 87–93, 100–1, 102, 103, Langland, William (c. 1325-c. 1390) 109–19, 121 Piers Plowman 105, 121

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Langley, Thomas (c. 1360–1437), bishop of ‘O Deus in coelis disponens cuncta fidelis’ 141 Durham 97 Lawton, David 6, 52 Painted Chamber at Palace of Westminster 144 Libelle of Englyshe Polycye 123 paradigms, linguistic 3, 16, 17, 19, 54, 75 Lincoln, John (d. by 1415) 70 amplification of 35 literature, Lancastrian 4, 5–6, 40, 120, 123–4, politicization of pre-existing langues 127, 130 27–40 authors of 5, 120–1 temporary politicisation of 27 readers of 121–4 use in literature 64–5 London Chronicle (London, British Library MS see also matrices, linguistic Cotton Julius B 11) 17 parliament love 4, 94, 98–100 of February 1388 126 Lydgate, John (c. 1370–1449/50?) 109 account compiled by ?John Burton 126 Fall of Princes, The 32 of September 1397 22, 26, 29, 36 Of the Sodein Fal of Princes in Oure Dayes 145 account written by ?Chancery clerk On the Departing of Thomas Chaucer 123 126, 148 Secrees of Old Philisoffres (completed by of October 1399 17, 23, 77, 82, 83, 134, 136 Benedict Burgh) 102 of January 1401 80, 98–9 of September 1402 80 maces, ceremonial 164–5 of January 1404 47, 48, 97, 126 Manere de la renonciacione del Roy Richard, La of October 1404 49, 50, 81, 82, 97 126, 137 of March 1406 47–8, 49, 97 manuscripts of January 1410 99 London, British Library MS Arundel 38 63 of November 1414 103, 127 London, British Library MS Cotton Tiberius opening speeches to 97–8, 99–100, 103, 105–6, CIX139 127–30 London, British Library MS Stowe 66 139 use of language of credit and advice in London, British Library MS Stowe 67 150 97–100 Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Bodley 596 Patterson, Lee 153 139 pauper superbus 6, 34, 35 Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Digby 102 Pearsall, Derek 160, 162 see Digby 102 poems Percy family 77 Oxford, Bodleian Library MS Douce 78 30 Henry (1341–1408), first earl of Massy, William (d. after 1426) 156 Northumberland 95–6 matrices, linguistic 3 Henry (1364–1403), Sir, called Henry Hotspur see also paradigms, linguistic 43, 95–6 maturity, characteristic behaviour of 13, 138 Thomas (c. 1343–1403), earl of Worcester 50 McNiven, Peter 55, 137–8 Perkins, Nicholas 145, 150, 160, 161, 163 Medford, Richard (d. 1407), bishop of Pocock, J. G. A. 2–3, 16, 17, 27, 41, 45, 64, Salisbury 70 65, 130 Merks, Thomas (d. 1409/10), bishop of Pollard, A. J. 48 Carlisle 70 Premierfait, Laurent de (d. 1418) Mints Des cas des nobles hommes et femmes 32 Master of London, Tower and Calais 124 Prentys, John (d. 1445) 68–9, 70–1, Warden of Tower of London 124 121, 156 Warden of Calais 124 Prestbury, Thomas (d. 1425) 23–4 Modus Tenendi Parliamentum 77 Privy Seal 122, 124 Morstede, Thomas (d. 1450) 158, 159 position of Keeper 124 Mum and the Sothsegger 4, 41–2, 54, 55, 63, 64, 71, relationship to royal household 156 77–8, 120, 155 see also Nicholas Bubwith, Robert Frye, Mundus et Infans 136 Thomas Hoccleve, Thomas Kent, John Prophet Nevill, Thomas (d. 1406), Lord Furnivall 56, 156 proclamations, royal 126 newsletters Prophet, John (d. 1416) 124–5 account of parliament of January 1404 126 purveyance 95

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reciprocity Selby, Ralph (d. 1420) 70 between Crown and subjects 94 Shirley, John (c. 1366–1456) 102, 109, in Hoccleve’s Regiment 110–13 121, 154 Record and Process of the Deposition of Richard II 9, Shrewsbury, battle of 43, 50, 77, 95–6 10, 17–18, 126, 134, 140 Signet, clerks of the 123 Rehoboam (d. 915? BC) 145 Simonie, The 35 Repyngdon, Philip (c. 1345–1424), bishop of Simpson, James 160 Lincoln Slake, Nicholas ( fl. 1376–1401) 70 open letter to Henry IV (1401) 43–4, 71 Somer, Henry (d. 1450) 79, 123, 124, 125 Richard II (1367–1400), king of England 9–10, 13 Somerset, Fiona 155 as tyrant 4, 11–12, 14, 16, 18, 21, 24, 140 Sotheworth, Richard (d. 1419) 123 as victim of Fortune’s Wheel 29–31 Spiegel, Gabrielle M. 132 as youthful king 3, 11, 13–14, 16, 18 Staniland, Kay 142 Cheshire guardsmen 15, 25, 138 Starkey, David 38 creation of dukettos 25–6 Steiner, Emily 165 de casibus genre and 28, 29, 30, 32–3 Steel, A. B. 158 grants and annuities 79, 83 stereotyping and stereotypes 10, 12, 16 hoard 80–1 Stopyndon, John (d. 1447) 123 located at Holt Castle, Cheshire 80 Strohm, Paul 2, 150, 163 notorious flaws, see deposition, demerita notoria subjects plan to crown Thomas Holland, duke of as king’s most valuable resource 98–101, Surrey as king of Ireland 22 104, 117 regalia 142 see also credit, love, reciprocity retrospective representation 10–11, 12, 17, 18–26, 60–1 Theilmann, John M. 132, 136, 149 revenge on Appellants 18, 19 Thirning, Sir William (d. 1413) 9–10 supposed admission of incapacity 1, 2, 9, 10 Tiptoft, John (c. 1378–1443), first Baron supposed attitude to truthtelling 4, 14–16, 22–4 Tiptoft 48 supposed financial malpractice 4, 11–12, 19, Tolmie, Sarah 160, 161 75, 76 tormentors, Christ’s 35–6 supposed luxury and excess 19–22, 80 costume in dramatic representation 35–6 see also Forme of Cury Towneley Plays, The 35 supposed wilfulness 11, 134 truthtelling and truthtellers 4, 6, 65–6, 115 voluntary resignation of throne 1, 2, 9 clothing and 37–8, 63–4 Wardrobe expenditure 142–3 tyrannicide 135–6 Richard the Redeless 4, 18, 24–6, 33–40, 41, 44, tyrants, see tyranny 45–6, 51–2, 63, 120 tyranny 11–12, 14, 20, 21, 24, 60–1, 101, 134, 135, Roman de la Rose 31–2 139, 141 Rouclif, Guy de (d. after 3 December 1392) 121, 124 Usk, Adam (c. 1350–1430) Royal, Chapel, see King’s Chapel Chronicle of Adam Usk 13, 17, 18, 22, 23–4, 29, 32–3, 70, 126, 126–7 Salutati, Coluccio (1331–1406) De tyranno 135, 136 Vita Ricardi Secundi 18, 19, 20–1, 22, 24, 67, 70, Saussure, Ferdinand de 27 126, 139, 148 Savage I, Sir Arnold (1358–1410) 121, 126 Scanlon, Larry D. 160, 163 Walden, Roger (d. 1406), archbishop of Scarburgh, John (d. after 1413) 125 Canterbury 70 Scattergood, John 144 Walker, Simon 140, 145 Scogan, Henry (c. 1361–1407) 4, 55, 57, 71, 120 Wallace, David 146, 162 Moral Balade 56, 58–66, 121–2, 124 Walsingham, Thomas (c. 1340–c. 1422) 133 Scrope, Richard (c. 1350–1405), archbishop of Chronica maiora 49–50, 69–70, 133 York 43, 50, 95 Historia Anglicana 133, 168 Secreta secretorum 100–3, 114 Wathey, Andrew 68 as valuable text 102 Watts, John 134

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Westminster Chronicle 126, 140 Yonge, James ( fl. 1405–1434) Whethampstede, John (c. 1392–1465) 69 The Governaunce of Prynces 22 Whittington, Richard (c. 1350–1423), mayor of York, 1405 rebellion against Henry IV at 43, 50, London 79 77, 95 will, the king’s 134 youth Wintershill, William (d. after 1430) 133 characteristic behaviour of 13, 14, 20, 58–60, Wolffe, B. P. 77 136, 138, 141 Worthies, Nine 57 physiology of 14