Ifta's Copyright Guide
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Load more
Recommended publications
-
Testimony of Authors Guild President Scott Turow Before the Senate
My name is Scott Turow. I’m the president of the Authors Guild, the largest society of published authors in the U.S., representing more than 8,500 book authors and freelance writers. Our members represent the broad sweep of American authorship, including literary and genre fiction, nonfiction, trade, academic, and children’s book authors, textbook authors, freelance journalists and poets.1 Guild members have won countless honors and all major literary awards, including the Nobel Prize for Literature.2 The Authors Guild promotes the professional interests of authors: we’re advocates for effective copyright protection, fair contracts, and free expression. It’s a pleasure and an honor to be here this morning. I’d like especially to thank this committee for recognizing the severity of the problem we all face and getting the ball rolling with COICA in the fall, which recognized this central and unavoidable truth: any serious attempt to address online piracy must address the third-party enablers of infringement. Anything that doesn’t address those enablers is, frankly, a pretend solution to a real problem. Our Copyright Policy Inadvertently Encourages Investments in Technologies and Services That Promote Trafficking in Stolen Books, Music, and Movies After 300 years as one of history's greatest public policy successes, copyright is coming undone. As we meet here this morning, our well-intended policy toward copyright online is 1 The Guild had its beginnings as the Authors League of America, which was founded in 1912 by a group of book authors (including Theodore Roosevelt, who served as the League’s founding vice president), short story writers, freelance journalists and a smattering of dramatists. -
Causes, Effects and Solutions of Piracy in the Computer Software Market
Review of Economic Research on Copyright Issues, 2006, vol. 4(1), pp. 63-86 CAUSES,EFFECTSANDSOLUTIONSOFPIRACYINTHE COMPUTER SOFTWARE MARKET AMY MARSHALL Abstract. Much literature has been devoted to exploring the protection of computer programs. The decreasing effectiveness of copyright and patents has been extensively examined and alternative forms of protection, both phys- ical and market-based, have been laid out. A large proportion of writings is dedicated to describing the significant network externalities that exist in thesoftwaremarket,andtheeffect that these have on the optimal level of protection. A large number of surveys have been undertaken to analyse the characteristics of software pirates and their incentives to pirate. This paper attempts to provide an overview of this literature. 1. Introduction The widespread incidence of unauthorised use and copying of computer software has had a devastating impact on the software industry in recent years. Significantly costly time and effort is invested by software programmers in developing a program and with software piracy preventing these developers from recouping remuneration from users, the incentives existing to produce new software may not be sufficient enough for any further development, causing the industry to stagnate. This would be costly to not only computer programmers but also to the government who would miss out on a significant amount of taxation revenue and society as a whole, whose software choices would be diminished. The traditional protector of intellectual property is copyright, defining the rights of ownership of creators and allowing for the enforcement of these rights. The basis behind copyright law is to provide the means for a creator to receive sufficient remuneration for development to occur. -
Online Piracy and Consumer Affect to Pay Or Not to Pay
Online Piracy and Consumer Affect To pay or not to pay Master Thesis Psychology: Consumer Behavior Matthias W. Kampmann Online Piracy and Consumer Affect 1 Running head: ONLINE PIRACY AND CONSUMER AFFECT Online Piracy and Consumer Affect: To pay or not to pay Matthias W. Kampmann University of Twente Master Thesis Psychology: Consumer Behavior Instructors: Dr. M. Galetzka & Dr. P.W. de Vries June 2010 Online Piracy and Consumer Affect 2 Abstract Online music piracy is a growing problem for the economy. Yet research on the underlying processes that govern online music piracy behavior is limited. This study addresses this shortcoming by combining insights from research on appraisal theory and consumer reactance into a conceptual framework. The results of an online survey study with N = 160 participants indicate that a price increase that leads to more profits for the music industry instead of more profits for young artists is seen as less fair and music files are perceived to have less value. Price affect could however not be confirmed as a significant predictor of consumer behavior. Ethical beliefs did not moderate the appraisal process but they have a strong negative influence on online piracy behavior. An adjusted model explains 35% of variance in the online piracy intention measure. Theoretical and managerial implications and possibilities for future research are discussed. Online Piracy and Consumer Affect 3 Online Piracy and Consumer Affect: To pay or not to pay Digital piracy has been a byproduct of the digitalized world since the early days of personal computers (Gopal, Sanders, Bhattacharjee, Agrawal, & Wagner, 2004). With the rise of the internet digital piracy has shifted from illegal copies of physical goods like floppy disks, CDs or DVDs towards the theft of intangible goods like music files, video files and computer software (Wall, 2005). -
Piracy Landscape Study
Piracy Landscape Study: Analysis of Existing and Emerging Research Relevant to Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Enforcement of Commercial-Scale Piracy Prepared for the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office Solicitation Number: 1333BJ19Q00142004 Brett Danaher Michael D. Smith Rahul Telang Chapman University Carnegie Mellon University Carnegie Mellon University This Version: March 20, 2020 Table of Contents Executive Summary ...................................................................................................................... 3 1. The Piracy Ecosystem........................................................................................................... 4 1.1 Piracy of Physical Goods................................................................................................ 6 1.1.1 Manufacturing......................................................................................................... 7 1.1.2 Discovery ................................................................................................................ 7 1.1.3 Distribution ............................................................................................................. 8 1.1.4 Communication, Payment Processing and Fulfillment ......................................... 11 1.2 Piracy of Digital Goods ................................................................................................ 11 1.2.1 Sources.................................................................................................................. 12 1.2.2 -
The Effect of Film Sharing on P2P Networks on Box Office Sales
The effect of film sharing on P2P networks on box office sales Kęstutis Černiauskas Faculty of Computing Blekinge Institute of Technology SE-371 79 Karlskrona Sweden i This thesis is submitted to the Faculty of Computing at Blekinge Institute of Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master in Informatics (120 credits). Contact Information: Author(s): Kęstutis Černiauskas E-mail: [email protected] University advisor: Sara Eriksén Department Faculty of Computing Internet : www.bth.se Blekinge Institute of Technology Phone : +46 455 38 50 00 SE-371 79 Karlskrona, Sweden Fax : +46 455 38 50 57 ii ABSTRACT Context. Online piracy is widespread, controversial and poorly understood social phenomena that affects content creators, owners, and consumers. Online piracy, born from recent, rapid ITC changes, raises legal, ethical, and business challenges. Content owners, authors and content consumers should benefit from better understanding of online piracy. Improved, better adapted to marketplace and ITC changes content distribution models should benefit content owners and audiences. Objectives. Investigate online piracy effect on pirated product sales. Improve understanding of online piracy behaviors and process scale. Methods. This observational study investigated movie-sharing effect on U.S. box office. Movie sharing was observed over BitTorrent network, the most popular peer-to-peer file-sharing network. Relationship between piracy and sales was analyzed using linear regression model. Results. File sharing was found to have a slightly positive correlation with U.S. box office sales during first few weeks after film release, and no effect afterwards. Most of newly released movies are shared over BitTorrent network. -
Steal These Policies: Strategies for Reducing Digital Piracy
THE INFORMAtiON TECHNOLOGY & INNOVAtiON FOUNDAtiON Steal These Policies: Strategies for Reducing Digital Piracy BY DANIEL CASTRO, RICHARD BENNETT AND SCOTT ANDES | DECEMBER 2009 We need to open a broad Executive Summary dialogue that engages all stakeholders, including he rise of broadband Internet access and cheap storage, along government, content with the growth of digital content, has enabled digital pi- owners, website racy to flourish around the world. Piracy enables the unau- operators, technolog y T thorized distribution of music, movies, television programs, software, developers, and ISPs video games, books, photos, and periodicals quickly and easily, to the and other intermediaries, detriment of creative artists and legitimate rights holders. These prac- on how to improve the global response to piracy. tices threaten not only the robust production of digital content in the future, but U.S. jobs in the present. Unfortunately, many advocates, believing that information should be free, would have government not only turn a blind eye to digital piracy, but actively tie the hands of companies who seek to limit digital piracy. This report makes the case that digital piracy is a serious problem with significant ramifica- tions for the U.S. economy, that a number of approaches, including technical solutions such as content identification, are needed to reduce piracy, and that governments should support legitimate industry ef- forts to reduce digital piracy, including those that focus on the revenue streams of those engaging in piracy. There is no “silver bullet” that will solve controls such as locks, closed-circuit the piracy problem—no single technical TV, and anti-theft packaging as well or legislative proposal will completely as a government-funded system of law solve such a complex issue—but there enforcement, digital piracy requires a are many “lead bullets” that can help coordinated approach. -
Peer-To-Peer File Sharing As User Rights Activism Michael A
Western Journal of Legal Studies Volume 5 Article 3 Issue 3 State Encroachment on Personal Lives February 2015 Peer-to-Peer File Sharing as User Rights Activism Michael A. Gunn University of Western Ontario, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/uwojls Part of the Civil Law Commons, Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Common Law Commons, Communications Law Commons, Communication Technology and New Media Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, Computer Law Commons, Consumer Protection Law Commons, E-Commerce Commons, Economic History Commons, European Law Commons, Human Rights Law Commons, Intellectual Property Law Commons, International Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, Law and Philosophy Commons, Law and Society Commons, Legal History Commons, Science and Technology Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Policy Commons Recommended Citation Michael A. Gunn , "Peer-to-Peer File Sharing as User Rights Activism", (2015) 5:3 online: UWO J Leg Stud 3 <https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/ uwojls/vol5/iss3/3>. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Western Journal of Legal Studies by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Peer-to-Peer File Sharing as User Rights Activism Abstract The pre-digital marketplace is no longer sustainable. With the imposition of digital rights management restrictions on the distribution of media, the Internet cannot promote intellectual freedom. Peer-to-peer file sharing technology helps expose the work of artists and authors to a much wider audience than previously possible. -
Should Copyright Laws Be Able to Keep up with Online Piracy?
SHOULD COPYRIGHT LAWS BE ABLE TO KEEP UP WITH ONLINE PIRACY? STEPHANIE MINNOCK INTRODUCTION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE LEGAL AND ILLEGAL ONLINE VIDEO MARKET ............................................................ 524 I. COPYRIGHT IN CYBERSPACE ............................................................. 527 A. Copyright Law: From Constitution to Cyberspace ............ 528 B. Jurisdiction over Internets: Long Arm Not Long Enough? ... 531 C. Domain Name Seizures: The Whack-A-Mole Effect .............. 533 II. COPYRIGHT CIRCUMVENTING TECHNOLOGY: WHY THERE IS AN ISSUE WITH THE INTERNET ......................................................... 535 A. Streaming Online Content ..................................................... 536 B. Virtual Private Networks: Tunnels to Liability-Free Infringement? ...................................................................... 538 C. Tor: Encrypting Copyright Infringer’s Actions? .................. 539 D. Seedboxes and Cyberlockers: An Illegal Downloader’s Dream? ............................................................................... 540 E. Cloud Technology: Unseizable Servers, Ever-Rotating Jurisdiction ......................................................................... 541 III. EFFECTIVE LAWS HAVE HIGH COSTS ............................................. 542 A. Increasing Courts’ Authority Regarding Copyright Infringement is Not Ideal .................................................... 543 B. Existing Technology Could Circumvent any Reasonable Legislation ......................................................................... -
Why Is Online Piracy Ethically Different from Theft? a Vignette Experiment
Working Papers No. 24/2013 (109) WOJCIECH HARDY MICHAŁ KRAWCZYK JOANNA TYROWICZ Why is online piracy ethically different from theft? A vignette experiment. Warsaw 2013 Why is online piracy ethically different from theft? A vignette experiment. WOJCIECH HARDY MICHAŁ KRAWCZYK Faculty of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw University of Warsaw e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] JOANNA TYROWICZ Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Warsaw National Bank of Poland e-mail: [email protected] [eAbstract This study employs a vignette experiment to inquire, which features of online “piracy” make it ethically discernible from a traditional theft. This question is pertinent since the social norm concerning traditional theft is starkly different from the evidence on ethical evaluation of online “piracy”. We specifically distinguish between contextual features of theft, such as for example the physical loss of an item, breach of protection, availability of alternatives, emotional proximity to the victim of theft, etc. We find that some of these dimensions have more weight in ethical judgment, but there are no clear differences between online and traditional theft which could explain discrepancy in the frequency of commitment. Keywords: vignette experiment, illegal downloading, digital piracy, illegal download, downloading behaviour, P2P network JEL: A13, C93, D12 Acknowledgments: Authors would like to thank Marta Dyrkacz for research assistance. The project was funded by the National Science Centre grant DEC-2011/01/D/HS4/03937. Working Papers contain preliminary research results. Please consider this when citing the paper. Please contact the authors to give comments or to obtain revised version. -
Privacy Vs. Piracy
KATYAL: PRIVACY VS. PIRACY ARTICLE PRIVACY VS. PIRACY SONIA K. KATYAL* I. COMPETING FRAMEWORKS OF PRIVACY AND PROPERTY ...... 231 A. A SYMBIOTIC VIEW FROM REAL SPACE ........................... 233 B. A HIERARCHICAL VIEW FROM CYBERSPACE ................... 241 1. PLACE AND PANOPTICISM ......................................... 244 2. THE DIGITAL PERSONA AS PROPERTY ....................... 251 II. THE CONVERGENCE BETWEEN CONSUMER AND PIRACY SURVEILLANCE .................................................................... 263 A. ORIGINS OF PIRACY SURVEILLANCE ............................... 271 1. THE DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACT AND PEER- TO-PEER JURISPRUDENCE ......................................... 271 2. THE LEGACY OF VERIZON ......................................... 281 B. SPECTERS OF PIRACY SURVEILLANCE ............................. 290 1. M ONITORING ............................................................ 293 2. M ANAGEM ENT .......................................................... 304 3. INTERFERENCE ......................................................... 311 III. TOWARDS A REGIME OF PANOPTIC PUBLICATION ................. 316 A. PRIVACY AND AUTONOMY ............................................... 319 B. DUE PROCESS AND FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION ............... 328 IV. BALANCING PRIVATE AND PUBLIC ENFORCEMENT .............. 335 V . C ON CLU SION ....................................................................... 345 This article was jointly reviewed and edited by YALE JOURNAL OF LAW & TECHNOLOGY and INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL -
The Web ICT Systems for Business Networking Vito Morreale
ICT Systems for Business Networking Vito Morreale The Web ICT Systems for Business Networking Vito Morreale Note. The content of this document is mainly drawn from Wikipedia [www.wikipedia.org] and follows GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), the license through which Wikipedia's articles are made available. The GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) permits the redistribution, creation of derivative works, and commercial use of content provided its authors are attributed and this content remains available under the GFDL. Material on Wikipedia (and this document too) may thus be distributed multilingually to, or incorporated from, resources which also use this license. Table of contents 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................ 3 2 HOW THE WEB WORKS .................................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 PUBLISHING WEB PAGES ....................................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 SOCIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS ................................................................................................................................ 5 3 UNIFORM RESOURCE IDENTIFIER (URI) ................................................................................................. 5 4 HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP) ........................................................................................ -
A Measurement Study of the Wuala On-Line Storage Service
A Measurement Study of the Wuala On-line Storage Service Thomas Mager, Ernst Biersack, and Pietro Michiardi EURECOM Sophia Antipolis, France fmager,erbi,[email protected] Abstract—Wuala is a popular online backup and file sharing • Understand if and how coding techniques are used to system that has been successfully operated for several years. assure the availability and durability of the data in case Very little is known about the design and implementation of of node failures Wuala. We capture the network traffic exchanged between the machines participating in Wuala to reverse engineer the design • Determine the transport protocol used to move data and operation of Wuala. When Wuala was launched, it used between peers and servers a clever combination of centralized storage in data centers for • Describe the evolution Wuala has undergone between long-term backup with peer-assisted file caching of frequently 2010 and 2012. downloaded files. Large files are broken up into transmission blocks and additional transmission blocks are generated using Our findings indicate that Wuala uses a simple, yet clever a classical redundancy coding scheme. Multiple transmission system design. Data availability – i.e., making sure that files blocks are sent in parallel to different machines and reliability is are accessible at any time – and durability – that is ensuring assured via a simple Automatic Repeat Request protocol on top of that files are never lost – are achieved by relying on servers UDP. Recently, however, Wuala has adopted a pure client/server based architecture. Our findings and the underlying reasons are located in a data center, instead of using peers.