Danish Refugee Council Iraqi Population in Lebanon Survey Report
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Iraqi population in Lebanon Survey report Beirut, July 2005 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population in Lebanon Survey report Beirut, July 2005 This survey was conducted by Danish Refugee Council (DRC) in partnership and with the support of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), but this report does not express necessarily the views of the funding agency. Danish Refugee Council, Spears street, Union nationale building, Sanayeh Beirut, Lebanon Phone/Fax: +961 1 738 293 E-mail: [email protected] www.drc.dk 2 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey TABLE OF CONTENT Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………….. 4 Index of Acronyms…………………………………………………………………… 5 Executive summary…………………………………………………………………… 6 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………... 7 Methodology…………………………………………………………………………..10 Results………………………………………………………………………………....14 A) Profile of Iraqis living in Lebanon………………………………………………….14 1) General information about Iraqi population in Lebanon 2) Demographic characteristics 3) Socio-economic characteristics 4) Health B) Legal status in Lebanon…………………………… ……………………………...29 1) Documentation 2) Legal status in Lebanon 3) Relation with UNHCR C) Protection aspects in country of asylum…………………………………………..34 1) Security and safety in Lebanon 2) Vulnerable groups 3) Detention D) Assistance framework in Lebanon………………………………………………...40 1) Schooling assistance 2) Health assistance 3) Other types of assistance E) Information about the country of origin………………………………………….43 1) Region of origin 2) Religious and ethnic background 3) Socio-economic background F) Intentions for the near future…………………………………………………….48 1) Repatriation 2) Other options 3) Sources of information about the country of origin Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………....52 Recommendations………………………………………………………………….....53 Appendix I Questionnaire (Arabic and English versions)………………………. 55 Appendix II Coding manual……………………………………………………....68 Appendix III Questions to NGOs, introduction letter…………………………….80 Appendix IV Statistical analysis…………………………………………………....82 Appendix V: Maps of Lebanon and Beirut………………………………………..97 3 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank all who supported us and participated in this survey, and especially: The volunteers: Ali Sara, Aramouni Jacqueline, Awad Alain, Jadaoun Hisham, Khreiss Bilal, Mohanna Assaad, Mohanna Wasseem, Rebeiz Mireille, and Senno Hani, for their motivation, their devotion to the survey, and their hard work in the field. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees team, for providing assistance and support in all aspects of the survey. The Middle East Council of Churches, Caritas Migrants Project, Ayatollah Al- Hakim offices, and Médecins du Monde, for providing us with valuable information on the Iraqi population in Lebanon, and providing us with assistance in the field. Mr. Abu Layss, for his assistance and guidance in the field. Mr. Ali Chahine, for his support throughout the exercise. Dr. Mary Deeb, for her consultancy expertise and her technical support in the surveying methodology. Cynthia Petrigh, DRC programme manager for Lebanon Nathalie Bavitch, survey coordinator. 4 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey INDEX OF ACRONYMS DRC Danish Refugee Council HAP Humanitarian Accountability Partnership ICMC International Catholic Migration Commission MECC Middle East Council of Churches MoU Memorandum of Understanding NGO Non Governmental Organization RSD Refugee Status Determination TPR Temporary Protection Regime UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNRWA United Nations Relief and Work Agency USD United States Dollars (1 USD = 1,500 Lebanese Pounds) 5 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An estimated 20,000 Iraqis are living in Lebanon. The majority arrived after the year 2000. However the number of arrivals seems on the increase, and this is particularly true for the Christian minority. Many have lived through traumatic events and are escaping persecution and violence. The population originates mainly from Baghdad, but residents from 15 other governorates were interviewed. It is mainly composed of Shiite Muslim, and, as a second group, by Christians. The population is relatively young, and about half of them are single. In Lebanon, Iraqis who have fled the war and/or persecution are not provided with a residence permit, even when they are recognised refugees by UNHCR. They live illegally in Lebanon. They live mainly as single households in rented apartments in working class areas. They work in the informal employment market, as they do not hold a work permit. Often, their current occupation is not at the same level as the one they had in Iraq. Cases of child labour have also come to light. The biggest problem expressed by Iraqis themselves is the lack of documentation, and the subsequent fear of moving around, of being arrested and deported. A majority of Iraqis do not feel safe in their country of asylum whilst those who are recognised as refugees feel even more unsafe than the rest of the population, and are not protected against refoulement. Another problem often referred to is the health situation, and the lack of support for health care. The cost of health services must be met by the family, with sometimes the help of a charitable or humanitarian organisation. Access to education is limited. More than half of the households do not send their children to school, mainly due to financial constraints. The general level of education has been found to be low. Available assistance is provided mainly by NGOs, but it is often not sufficient, and is also not available in all regions of Lebanon. The host community is generally seen as welcoming and supportive, though due to their legal status and the fear of being deported many Iraqis avoid contact. Most of the Iraqis are currently not considering repatriation, mainly in relation to the security situation and the fear of persecution. They are looking for security, respect of their rights, access to work and health care. In many cases, they consider resettlement to a third country as the best possible solution for the time being. 6 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey INTRODUCTION About refugees in Lebanon Although not a signatory of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, Lebanon is host to several hundred thousand refugees. The country has, throughout history, been a safe haven for various persecuted minorities in the Middle-East. At present, the largest number of refugees in Lebanon is that of the Palestinians. About 400,000 Palestinians are registered in Lebanon with the United Nations Relief and Work Agency (UNRWA), while about 35,000 Palestinians are registered with the Lebanese authorities only, and a group estimated at 3,000 persons is not registered at all1. The second largest group of refugees and persons in refugee-like situations in Lebanon are Iraqis. They constitute an estimated 20,000 persons, while large groups of refugees in Lebanon include persons from Sudan, Somalia and Sierra Leone. For these groups, and in the absence of a national asylum procedure, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) carries out the refugee status determination procedure in the country based on its mandate. However recognition of refugee status by UNHCR does not mean eligibility for providing the refugees with residence permit, work permit, or any other form of legalisation nor integration in Lebanon. Most of the time, refugees are supported by family, religious institutions, NGOs and charity organisations. The economic crisis striking the country for more than 10 years has weakened the support capacity of the community, and the growing control of the territory by government since the war (1975-1990) has created a new source of fear for the undocumented refugees and persons in refugee-like situations. About the agencies DANISH REFUGEE COUNCIL (DRC) is a private humanitarian organisation consisting of 29 member organisations, established in 1956 and currently operating in 18 countries. The mandate of DRC’s international activities is the protection and promotion of durable solutions to refugee and displacement problems, on the basis of humanitarian principles and human rights, including: - to provide refugees, internally displaced and other affected groups in situations of war and conflict with assistance according to their rights. This assistance can consist of relief and other humanitarian aid, rehabilitation and support to return home as well as contributions to the promotion of durable solutions. - to contribute to capacity building and co-operation between local and national authorities as well as organisations. This work aims at strengthening advocacy and promoting solutions to problems related to situations of conflict, particularly with a view to improve protection and reintegration of refugees and internally displaced persons. 1 DRC has surveyed the situation of the latter group and is currently conducting a legal aid and advocacy campaign to solve their problem. The survey report is available on DRC website www.drc.dk. 7 Danish Refugee Council Iraqi population survey DRC is a member of the Humanitarian Accountability Partnership (HAP) and a co-signer of the Code of Conduct of the International Movement of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, and as such working impartially and independently. DRC established its office in Lebanon in September 2004. The agency's projects