Final Report—CONCEPTS
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DATA COLLECTION AND CONCEPTS MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION Prepared by Eddy J. Langendoen Watershed Physical Processes Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service National Sedimentation Laboratory, P.O. Box 1157, Oxford, MS. 38655 April 2013 Prepared as part of agreement #60-6408-8-088 (Enhanced Stream-Corridor Modeling Tools for Adaptive Management of Tahoe Basin Streams; P003) with: USDA Forest Service Pacific Southwest Research Station 1731 Research Park Dr Davis, CA 95618 This research was supported using funds provided by the Bureau of Land Management through the sale of public lands as authorized by the Southern Nevada Public Land Management Act. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................................................. I LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ II LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................ IV 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ............................................................................... 1 1.1 Objectives and Scope ................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Approach, Methodology, and Geographic Location of Research ............................................. 3 1.2.1 Quantifying the Effects of Vegetation and Bio-Engineered Treatments ............................... 5 1.2.2 Near-Bank Groundwater Model: Dynamic Pore-Water Pressure .......................................... 5 1.2.3. Lateral Migration of Meanders ............................................................................................. 5 1.2.4 Evaluating Performance of Restoration Treatments and Validating Model Results ............. 6 2. FIELD DATA COLLECTION ................................................................................................... 8 2.1 Streambank hydrology .............................................................................................................. 8 2.1.1 Upper Truckee River.............................................................................................................. 8 2.1.2 Trout Creek .......................................................................................................................... 15 2.2 Resistance to Erosion of Channel Boundary Materials .......................................................... 20 2.2.1 Trout Creek .......................................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Channel Geometry of Trout Creek ......................................................................................... 25 3. CONCEPTS MODEL ENHANCEMENTS ............................................................................. 40 3.1 Near-bank Groundwater Model .............................................................................................. 40 3.2 Lateral Migration Model ......................................................................................................... 41 4. CONCEPTS MODEL VALIDATION ..................................................................................... 43 4.1 Model Setup ............................................................................................................................ 43 4.2 Model Results ......................................................................................................................... 47 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................. 54 I LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Map showing locations of study reaches on the Upper Truckee River and Trout Creek. ......................................................................................................................................................... 4 Figure 2 Map of monitoring sites on the Upper Truckee River. Symbols: blue triangle, water surface transducer; red plus, tensiometer; orange circle, groundwater transducer; pink square, snow staff gage; white square, acoustic distance sensor; blue pentagon, soil moisture probe. ...... 9 Figure 3 Photos of the monitoring sites on the Upper Truckee River: (a) Site 1, (b) Site 2, (c) Site 3, and (d) Site 4. ..................................................................................................................... 10 Figure 4 Observed precipitation, groundwater elevation (GWE), and pore-water pressure (PWP) at Site #1 on the Upper Truckee River.......................................................................................... 12 Figure 5 Observed precipitation, surface water (SWE) and groundwater elevations (GWE), and pore-water pressure (PWP) at Site #2 on the Upper Truckee River. ............................................ 13 Figure 6 Observed precipitation, surface water (SWE) and groundwater elevations (GWE), and pore-water pressure (PWP) at Site #3 on the Upper Truckee River. ............................................ 14 Figure 7 Observed precipitation, surface water (SWE) and groundwater elevations (GWE), and pore-water pressure (PWP) at Site #4 on the Upper Truckee River. ............................................ 15 Figure 8 Map of monitoring sites on Trout Creek. Symbols: blue triangle, water surface transducer; red plus, tensiometer; orange circle, groundwater transducer; pink square, snow staff gage; white square, acoustic distance sensor; blue pentagon, soil moisture probe....................... 16 Figure 9 Photos of the monitoring sites on Trout Creek: (a) Site 1, (b) Site 2, (c) Site 3, and (d) Site 4. ............................................................................................................................................ 17 Figure 10 Observed precipitation, surface water (SWE) and groundwater elevations (GWE), and pore-water pressure (PWP) at Site #1 on Trout Creek. .......................................................... 18 Figure 11 Observed precipitation, surface water elevation (SWE), and pore-water pressure (PWP) at Site #3 on Trout Creek. ................................................................................................. 19 Figure 12 Observed precipitation, surface water and groundwater elevations, and pore-water pressure at Site #4 on Trout Creek. ............................................................................................... 20 Figure 13 Location of data collection sites on Trout Creek to characterize the resistance to erosion of channel boundary materials. ...................................................................................... 22 Figure 14 Grain-size distribution of bank-material samples collected along Trout Creek ......... 24 Figure 15 Grain-size distribution of riffles along Trout Creek. The riffles labeled PCx-x xx were sampled by SHG (2004). The first number indicates monitoring reach (cf. Figure 17), the second number indicates cross section, and the last number indicates year of sampling. The riffles labeled Trout #x were sampled in 2008; the number indicates sampling site (cf. Figure 13). ................................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 16 Grain-size distribution of pools along Trout Creek. The numbers in the legend indicate data collection site (cf. Figure 13). .................................................................................. 25 Figure 17 Location of reaches and cross sections on Trout Creek monitored by Swanson Hydrology + Geomorphology (2004). ........................................................................................ 26 Figure 18 Observed changes in thalweg elevation of the reconstructed Trout Creek channel between 2001 and 2008. ............................................................................................................... 29 Figure 19 Observed changes in thalweg elevation along the reaches monitored by Swanson Hydrology + Geomorphology (2004) of the reconstructed Trout Creek channel between 2001 and 2008. ...................................................................................................................................... 30 Figure 20 Observed changes in cross section geometry along Reach 1 on Trout Creek. ........... 34 II Figure 21 Observed changes in cross section geometry along Reach 2 on Trout Creek. ........... 35 Figure 22 Observed changes in cross section geometry along Reach 3 on Trout Creek. ........... 36 Figure 23 Observed changes in cross section geometry along Reach 4 on Trout Creek. ........... 37 Figure 24 Observed changes in cross section geometry along Reach 5 on Trout Creek. ............ 38 Figure 25 Observed changes in cross section geometry along Reach 6 on Trout Creek. ........... 39 Figure 26 Definition sketch of variables used to formulate the CONCEPTS sub-model of groundwater dynamics. ................................................................................................................. 40 Figure 27 Trout Creek modeling reach with model sections. Cold Creek discharges into cross section 152+05. ............................................................................................................................. 44 Figure 28 List of soil profiles used in the CONCEPTS model of Trout Creek. For example,