Colombia, Panama, and Costa Rica
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Are We Still the Brothers of the Trees? Perceptions and Reality Of
Introduction Since their brief but powerful revolution against a repressive government in 1925, and the creation of PEMASKY, the first protected Are we still the brothers of the trees? land area in the world to be officially formed by an indigenous group, the Guna of Panama have gained international fame in the anthropological world for their strong will and vibrant tradition. Following the revolution, the Guna people were eventually granted a Perceptions and Reality of Environmental Conservation in the Comarca, or ‘autonomous’ territory. Guna people living in the Comarca mostly govern themselves with little intervention from the Panamanian state. The Comarca itself consists of 365 islands and about 7513 sq. kilometers of coastal land including part of a Guna Indigenous Group mountain range, virgin rainforest, and some of the most pristine coral reefs in the Caribbean. Considered the “brothers of the trees” by their own religious teaching, the Guna have always expressed an intimate relationship with and understanding of the mother earth, or “Nana,” a caring, but punishing figure who created all that we presently experience as natural, including the Guna people. Additionally, Guna tradition gives importance to a figure of spiritual protection known as a “Galu” which often guards important natural features. However, like in most once-isolated parts of the world, the group has experienced the effects of the outside world more heavily in recent years than before, especially since the construction of a road into the Comarca in 1970 . Tourists now visit the region in greater numbers and packaged products are regularly imported into the Comarca, which lacks the infrastructure to manage inorganic waste. -
La Colonia En Nuestro Territorio
GRADO SEPTIMO 708 SEDE SAN PEDRO PERIODO LAPSO 9 CLAVER ASIGNATURA CIENCIAS SOCIALES FECHA DD MM AÑO CONTENIDO GUIA: LA COLONIA EN INICIO 07 09 2020 TEMÁTICO NUESTRO TERRITORIO FIN 21 09 2020 (ENTREGA) ACTIVIDAD # LAPSO 9 DOCENTE LEONOR GOMEZ GUERRERO LA COLONIA EN NUESTRO TERRITORIO Entre los siglos XVI y XVIII los españoles llevaron a cabo la conquista y colonización del territorio neogranadino. En esta tarea enfrentaron varios retos, entre estos: gobernar grandes extensiones de territorio, afianzar su autoridad sobre todos los habitantes e imponer el catolicismo y la cultura hispánica. El resultado de este proceso fue que para comienzos del siglo XIX los españoles habían consolidado un gobierno que, sobre la base de la obediencia a la Corona y a la iglesia, controló los espacios que en la actualidad corresponden a los países de Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador y panamá. La conquista de nuestro territorio Los conquistadores españoles que arribaron al territorio, que posterior-mente correspondería a Colombia, tenían dos intereses principales: la búsqueda de metales preciosos y el sometimiento de la población nativa, que serviría luego como mano de obra esclava. Las exploraciones de la Costa Atlántica La incursión de los conquistadores al territorio actual de Colombia se inició a lo largo de la costa Caribe por medio de tres expediciones: • Primera expedición de Alonso de Ojeda. En 1499 una expedición comandada por Ojeda y con la participación de Juan de la Cosa y Américo Vespucio, arribó a las costas de Venezuela y la Guajira. Gracias a sus conquistas, Ojeda fue nombrado gobernador, desde el Cabo de la Vela hasta el golfo de Urabá, región que se llamó Nueva Andalucía. -
TOURS DEPARTING from BEACH and CITY HOTELS DOLPHIN & WHALE WATCHING the Waters Off Panamá Is the Only Place in T
TOURS DEPARTING FROM BEACH AND CITY HOTELS DOLPHIN & WHALE WATCHING The waters off Panamá is the only place in the world blessed enough to host the Humpback Whale migrations from both the Southern and Northern hemispheres every season. During the Southern hemisphere Humpback Whale season, there is a 95% chance of spending time with the whales. The Pacific Ocean off Panamá is home to more than 30 species of cetaceans (dolphins & whales). In the Pearl Islands, (where 2 seasons of the Survivor TV-series was filmed), as well as at Taboga and Taboguilla, the water is crystal clear turquoise and there are many islands, some deserted, around which you can observe these extraordinary creatures - whales are a familiar scene during the migration season in the warm waters of the Pacific Ocean, especially between Panamá City and Contadora Island, where hundreds of whales gather to mate in the Bay of Panamá. The majestic scenes of mating whales are, without a doubt, one of the star attractions of Panamá. INCLUDED: Bus and boat transportation, box lunch, soft drinks and snacks on-board, English-speaking tour guide. RECOMMENDATIONS: Light clothing, wet shoes or sneakers, sunblock, sunglasses, hat, bathing suit, beach towel. NOTE: Pregnant women and clients under the influence of alcohol or any other intoxicants are not allowed to partake in this activity. STARTING POINT: Beach Hotels & City Hotels SEASON: July through October BEACH HOTELS DEPARTURE: 5:00 a.m. RETURN: 6:30 p.m. CITY HOTELS DEPARTURE: 6:15 a.m. RETURN: 5:00 p.m. MINIMUM: 5 participants MAXIMUM: 13 participants FREQUENCY: Sundays PANAMÁ CANAL & SHOPPING The perfect combination! Admire the impressive engineering work of the early 1900's and the extraordinary short time required for the huge cargo ships to transit the Miraflores Locks (subject to the Panamá Canal Authority's transit schedule). -
Your Cruise Secrets of Central America
Secrets of Central America From 1/4/2022 From Colón Ship: LE CHAMPLAIN to 1/14/2022 to Puerto Caldera PONANT takes you to discover Panama and Costa Rica with an 11-day expedition cruise. A circuit of great beauty around the isthmus of Panama, a link between two continents, which concentrates a biodiversity that is unique in the world, from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean between dream islands, natural reserves and encounters with the fascinating local communities. Your journey in Central America will begin with an all-new port of call in the magnificent Portobelo Bay, between mangroves, tropical forest and discovery of the Congo culture. The fortifications of this former gateway to the New World are a UNESCO World Heritage Site. You will then discover the golden sand and crystal-clear waters of the coral islets of the San Blas Islands. The Kuna live among the palm trees and pirogues; this people perpetuates, among other things, the traditional craft of molas, weaved textiles in sparkling colours. After sailing through the world-famous Panama Canal, your ship will stop in the Pearl Islands, which nestle in the Gulf of Panama. Your ship will then head for the magnificent Darien National Park in Panama. This little corner of paradise is a UNESCO World Heritage site and home to remarkable plants and wildlife. Sandy beaches, rocky coastlines, mangroves, swamps and tropical rainforests vie with each other for beauty and offer a feast for photographers. This will also be the occasion for meeting the astonishing semi-nomadic Emberas community. In Casa Orquideas, in the heart of a region that is home to Costa Rica’s most beautiful beaches, you will have the chance to visit a botanical garden with a sublime collection of tropical flowers. -
Panama and Colombia: Exploring the Caribbean Coast November 13-20, 2021 | Aboard National Geographic Quest
PANAMA AND COLOMBIA: EXPLORING THE CARIBBEAN COAST NOVEMBER 13-20, 2021 | ABOARD NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC QUEST Discover an astonishing trove of natural and cultural treasures as you navigate the Caribbean coast of Panama and Colombia aboard the 100-guest National Geographic Quest. Hike into dense rainforests that harbor extraordinary biodiversity, glide through little- explored inlets by Zodiac and kayak; and meet the indigenous inhabitants of a secluded Panamanian archipelago where age-old traditions remain part of everyday life. Experience the diverse heritage of stunning cities and remote towns off the beaten path, from the Arab-influenced architecture of Colombia’s Santa Cruz de Lorica to the bustling shores of Santa Cruz del Islote—the most densely populated island in the world. DAY 1: PANAMA CITY, PANAMA some 14,000 ships pass through every year. Witness this Upon arrival in Panama City, transfer to the port in Balboa astonishing feat of engineering under the dramatic golden and embark our ship. (D) glow of floodlights. (B,L,D) DAY 2: GATÚN LAKE DAY 3: PORTOBELO By special permission, our ship anchors overnight in Gatún This morning, we arrive along Panama’s Caribbean coast and Lake, a vast artificial lake that forms a major part of the step ashore at the historic town of Portobelo. Named by Panama Canal. In the morning, disembark on Barro Colorado, Cristopher Columbus in 1502, Portobelo, or “beautiful port,” a hilltop transformed into an island by the damming of the was one of the most important Spanish trading centers in the Chagres River to build the Panama Canal. Visit the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and learn about initiatives to protect the incredible biodiversity of the surrounding Barro Colorado Nature Monument, one of the most studied areas of tropical forest on the planet and the site of various National Geographic–supported studies. -
Aportación De Canarias a La Población De América
APORTACIIQN DE CANARIAS A LA POBLACPON DE AMERICA SU INFLUENCIA EN LA LENGUA Y EN LA POESHA TRADICIONAL JOSE =E2 ViDAL Conservador del "Museo üel PuebloEspaiiol". Madrid. 1 IAA EMIGRACIÓN CANARIA AL N-O MrnVM3. Ei Archapie%qo'cenario y los pl-lmeros viajes de Colón. Desde el comienzo de la maravillosa época de los grandes .des- cuhrimientos marítimos, cambib el valor y destino de las Cana- rias en la vida marinera del Atlántiw. Hasta entonces habiq constituido una especie de verde mesón en el extrarradio del Viejo Mundo. Desde entonces .pasaron a ser solicitada y eficaz estación de 'aprovisionamiento en el, camino de ambas Indias. ¿as Ganarlas no solo se hilaban en el camino de @ntroam& rica para los buques que salían del Sur de la Península, sino tam- bién en la ruta obligada para todos los que se dirigían a la.Gui- nea, a las costas meridionales y orientales de Africa, a ~sia,a América del Sur y a las costas americanas del Pacifico. Y así, durante siglos, hasta que se abrieron los canales de Suez y Pa- namá. Dada esta ventajosa situación, resultó natural que sir- vieran de importante punto de apoyo en la gran empresa colom- bina. No fué capricho que Colón tocase en ellas en todos sus viajes al Nuevo Mundo. En el viaje del descubrimiento, tan trabajado por los contra- tiempos, por las dudas y los temores, el Archipiélago canario prestó una doble colaboración reparadora y estimulante l. En las Islas, como es sabido, se reparó Ia Pinta, se cambió el aparejo de la Nia, se completaron y refrescaron las provisiones y, ade- más, se reforzaron las esperanzas. -
Panama & Colombia
PANAMA & COLOMBIA EXPLORING THE CARIBBEAN COAST A UNIQUELY IN-DEPTH CANAL TRANSIT EXPERIENCE TWO OF THE MOST BIODIVERSE COUNTRIES ON EARTH REWARDING ENCOUNTERS WITH THE PEOPLE OF PARADISE 2021-2022 | EXPEDITIONS.COM Cover: Young mantled howler monkey. © Shutterstock. Above: Guna Yala sunset. © Kike Calvo DEAR TRAVELER, Since the inception of Lindblad Expeditions, we’ve sailed our ships through the Panama Canal and along the region’s wild coast. I’ve always yearned to go even further. Now, thanks to our expanding fleet, we’re able to explore more of this rewarding region, and we have the perfect ship–the 50-cabin National Geographic Quest. The first time we sailed National Geographic Quest through the Panama Canal, our expedition leader gleefully reported back that the top deck of National Geographic Quest turns out to be the perfect height to observe the lock mechanisms at eye level. In fact, the ship gets so close to the locks that we can hear the workers casually chatting back and forth as they lead us through. Compare this to the way most travelers will experience the Canal—enclosed inside a cruise ship, passing binoculars back and forth to get a glimpse of how these historic locks work. Our transit of the Panama Canal is compelling for other reasons, as well. We make the transit over two days, so you can see the inner workings of the locks by day, and dramatically lit at night—enabling you to stand on deck and experience the canal on a tropical evening. It also leaves us time to experience the wildness of the Canal Zone—a surprise to many travelers. -
Costa Rica News and Information Daily
Costa Rica News and Information Daily http://www.insidecostarica.com/dailynews/2011/march/09/costarica110... Follow us on twitter | Join our Facebook page HOME Where it all begins! Stay in Touch with the rental of GSM & 3G Phones, Data & SIM Cards in Costa Rica! | Get Inside Costa Rica In Your Email Daily. Click here! INSIDECOSTARICA.COM | COSTA RICA NEWS | Wednesday 09 March 2011 Costa Rica May Not Look At Nicaragua – Or Itself – The Same Way Again AvenidaClassifieds Buy, sell, rent & trade The border dispute with Nicaragua had Costa Ricans rethinking its lack of army, and while the ruling from the International Court of anything in Costa Rica for FREE! Justice in The Hague provides an institutional solution to the border conflict, many fear the psychological damage has already been Click here! done. When faced with threats of invasion from Nicaragua in the past – in 1948 and 1955 – Costa Rica successfully defended itself with a combination of volunteer militias and diplomatic offensives. But in response to the current conflict, Costa Rica has relied mostly on its diplomatic and legal efforts. Costa Rica Fact Sheet For people wanting to Retire, Costa Rica made the historic decision in 1948 to abolish its army and entrust its sovereignty and national defense to the untested visit or Live in Costa Rica. Free. guardianship of international law. w ww.Internatio nalLiving.com Since last October when the dispute over the Isla Calero began with the alleged invasion by Nicaragua's army, Costa Rica faced the Costa Rica Girls greatest challenge to neutrality. Browse 100s Quality Profiles Meet the Girl of Your Dream! “For our country, the armed invasion is a challenge to our way of life and the defense of our national sovereignty, which is based AmoLatina.com exclusively in multilateralism,” Costa Rican Foreign Minister René Castro told the press during the last couple of months. -
Country Brief Costa Rica
INSTITUTE COUNTRY BRIEF COSTA RICA Frida Andersson, Valeriya Mechkova and Staan I. Lindberg February 2016 Country Briefs THE VARIETIES OF DEMOCRACY INSTITUTE Please address comments and/or queries for information to: V-Dem Institute Department of Political Science University of Gothenburg Sprängkullsgatan 19, PO Box 711 SE 40530 Gothenburg Sweden E-mail: [email protected] V-Dem Working Papers are available in electronic format at www.v-dem.net. Copyright © 2016 University of Gothenburg, V-Dem Institute. All rights reserved. Country Brief Costa Rica About V-Dem Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) is a new approach to conceptualizing and measuring democracy. V-Dem’s multidimensional and disaggregated approach acknowledges the complexity of the concept of democracy. The V-Dem project distinguishes among five high-level principles of democracy: electoral, liberal, participatory, deliberative, and egalitarian, which are disaggregated into lower-level components and specific indicators. Key features of V-Dem: Provides reliable data on five high-level principles and 22 lower-level components of democracy such as regular elections, judicial independence, direct democracy, and gender equality, consisting of more than 400 distinct and precise indicators; Covers all countries and dependent territories from 1900 to the present and provides an estimate of measurement reliability for each rating; Makes all ratings public, free of charge, through a user-friendly interface. With four Principal Investigators, two Project Coordinators, fifteen Project Managers, more than thirty Regional Managers, almost 200 Country Coordinators, several Assistant Researchers, and approximately 2,600 Country Experts, the V-Dem project is one of the largest-ever social science data collection projects with a database of over 15 million data points. -
Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay
UNHCR organizes vocational training and brings clean water system to the Wounaan communities in Panama Argentina Belize Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica Cuba Ecuador El Salvador Guatemala Guyana Honduras Mexico Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Peru Suriname Uruguay Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) UNHCR / M. H. VERNEY OPERATIONAL HIGHLIGHTS l Throughout the Americas UNHCR witnessed a rise in l The Regional Solidarity Resettlement Programme of the the number of regional and extra-regional asylum-seekers Mexico Plan of Action was revamped and confirmed as a and refugees travelling within broader migratory key strategy in providing durable solutions to Colombian movements. refugees in the southern cone. A resettlement l Mexico appointed child protection officers in its National programme for women-at-risk began in Argentina and Migration Institute to protect unaccompanied minors Chile. trapped in massive mixed migratory flows in Central l After receiving a total of 225 Palestinian refugees for America. resettlement, Brazil and Chile began taking active steps to l In Nicaragua, one of the most advanced asylum laws in the assist with their local integration. region was passed by the National Assembly in July 2008. l UNHCR continued to engage with regional entities such l The right to asylum was incorporated into the new as Organization of American States (OAS) and Constitution of Bolivia. MERCOSUR. UNHCR Global Report 2008 281 Working environment Refugees and others of concern to UNHCR continued to be on the agenda at regional forums such as the OAS or the The global economic crisis caused a decline in remittances to Specialized Migratory Forum of MERCOSUR. Training and the region, especially to the Central American countries promotional activities were undertaken in cooperation with whose economies are highly dependent on them. -
“Marimba Por Tí Me Muero”: Region and Nation in Costa Rica, 1824-1939
“MARIMBA POR TÍ ME MUERO”: REGION AND NATION IN COSTA RICA, 1824-1939 by Soili Iiris Buska Submitted to the faculty of the University Graduate School in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of History Indiana University March 2006 Accepted by the Graduate Faculty, Indiana University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________________________ Jeffrey L. Gould, Ph.D., Chairperson ______________________________________ Peter Guardino, Ph.D. Doctoral Committee _______________________________________ Daniel James, Ph.D. ______________________________________ Víctor Hugo Acuña Ortega, Ph.D. December 16, 2005 ii © (2005) Soili Iiris Buska ALL RIGHTS RESERVED iii Acknowledgements Many people and institutions made this dissertation possible. The Department of History of Indiana University provided me with financial support and graduate appointments from the start of my studies in Bloomington. The pre-dissertation grant and research fellowship from the Office of International Programs and the University Graduate School of Indiana University respectively helped me to define my project and to begin the research. The Indiana University Bloomington Library staff and the History Department Staff in IU Bloomington were of greatest help. History Department Graduate Secretary Alexia Bock assisted in many ways and gave me crucial practical advice during my stay in Bloomington. The Center for Latin American Studies of the University of Pittsburgh's University Center for International Studies generously opened its doors to me in the summer of 2005. The Escuela de Historia, Centro de Investigaciones Históricas de America Central (CIHAC), and the Oficina de Asuntos Internacionales y Cooperación Externa (OAICE) of the Universidad de Costa Rica have all participated in making possible research and writing of this dissertation. -
Manuel HERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ*
Cuadernos Americanos, núm. 126 (2008), pp. 137-172. La emigración canaria a América a través de la historia Por Manuel HERNÁNDEZ GONZÁLEZ* La emigración canaria en el siglo XVI UANDO COLÓN ARRIBA AL NUEVO MUNDO, todavía dos de las Cana- C rias, Tenerife y La Palma, no habían sido conquistadas. Canarias será desde entonces el primer espacio de Indias. Plantas asiáticas como la caña de azúcar y la platanera se habían introducido en las islas, y desde ellas serían llevadas a América. Técnicos canarios trabajarán en el primer ingenio del nuevo continente en Santo Domingo. El ñame africano penetrará muy pronto en el ámbito caribeño. Lo mismo ocu- rrirá con el cerdo, la cabra, el perro y la oveja que, conducidos desde las islas, se esparcirán por las Antillas. El Archipiélago fue, por tanto, un intermediario en la difusión de plantas y animales a ambos lados del océano. La papa se aclimatará rápidamente. Ya desde 1567 era ex- portada a Flandes. Junto con el maíz se convertirá en la alimentación de las clases bajas. Sus rendimientos y su complementariedad con el viñedo harán que se generalice mucho antes que en Europa. Como pioneros de un medio nuevo, los canarios participarían en la conquista como expertos guías. Entre 1492 y 1506 al menos doce de las expediciones harán escala en el Archipiélago. Entre ellas figuran los mayores nombres de la conquista como Colón, Ojeda, Vespucio, Pedrarias, La Cosa, Yáñez u Ovando. Las Islas alcanzaron el privile- gio de comerciar con Indias desde principios del XVI. El monopolio sevillano no tiene control efectivo sobre el movimiento de personas que desde el Archipiélago parten hacia tierras indianas.