DOCSLIB.ORG

National Recovery Plan for the Maroon Leek-Orchid (Prasophyllum

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
National Recovery Plan for the Maroon Leek-Orchid (Prasophyllum National Recovery Plan for the Maroon Leek-orchid Prasophyllum frenchii Mike Duncan Prepared by Michael Duncan, Arthur Rylah Institute for Environmental Research, Department of Sustainability and Environment, Heidelberg, Victoria Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) Melbourne, July 2010. © State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2010 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Victorian Government, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne. ISBN 978-1-74208-966-9 This is a Recovery Plan prepared under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, with the assistance of funding provided by the Australian Government. This Recovery Plan has been developed with the involvement and cooperation of a range of stakeholders, but individual stakeholders have not necessarily committed to undertaking specific actions. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved. Proposed actions may be subject to modification over the life of the plan due to changes in knowledge. Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence that may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. An electronic version of this document is available on the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts website www.environment.gov.au For more information contact the DSE Customer Service Centre telephone 136 186 Citation: Duncan, M. 2010. National Recovery Plan for the Maroon Leek Orchid Prasophyllum frenchii. Department of Sustainability and Environment, Melbourne. Cover photographs: Maroon Leek-orchid Prasophyllum frenchii, Piccaninnie Ponds, South Australia © Gary Backhouse 1 Table of Contents SUMMARY .............................................................................................................................. 3 SPECIES INFORMATION....................................................................................................... 3 DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................................... 3 DISTRIBUTION ........................................................................................................................ 3 POPULATION INFORMATION .................................................................................................... 4 HABITAT................................................................................................................................. 4 DECLINE AND THREATS ...................................................................................................... 5 RECOVERY INFORMATION .................................................................................................. 6 EXISTING CONSERVATION MEASURES..................................................................................... 6 RECOVERY OBJECTIVES......................................................................................................... 6 IMPLEMENTATION AND EVALUATION ........................................................................................ 6 RECOVERY ACTIONS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA ................................................................ 7 MANAGEMENT PRACTICES...................................................................................................... 8 AFFECTED INTERESTS ............................................................................................................ 9 ROLE AND INTERESTS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE....................................................................... 9 BIODIVERSITY BENEFITS......................................................................................................... 9 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS............................................................................................ 9 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ............................................................................................................. 9 REFERENCES......................................................................................................................... 9 PRIORITY, FEASIBILITY AND ESTIMATED COSTS OF RECOVERY ACTIONS ............. 11 FIGURE 1. CURRENT AND FORMER DISTRIBUTION OF PRASOPHYLLUM FRENCHII.......................... 4 TABLE 1. POPULATION INFORMATION FOR PRASOPHYLLUM FRENCHII ......................................... 4 2 Summary The Maroon Leek-orchid is a tall, slender, deciduous terrestrial orchid endemic to south-eastern Australia, where it occurs across southern Victoria and in south-eastern South Australia. Formerly more widely distributed in south-eastern Australia, the species has suffered a major decline in both range and abundance. Only about seven populations containing about 1,000 plants remain, and these are under threat from disturbance to and destruction of habitat, weed invasion and predation. The Maroon Leek-orchid is listed as Endangered under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, as Threatened under the Victorian Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988, and Endangered under the South Australian National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972. This national Recovery Plan for the Maroon Leek-orchid details its distribution, habitat, threats and recovery objectives and actions necessary to ensure its long-term survival. Species Information Description The Maroon Leek-orchid is a tall, slender, deciduous, terrestrial orchid emerging annually from an underground tuber. It has a single, terete, erect, slender leaf to 60 cm long that is green with a purplish base. A slender to stout greenish stem to 70 cm tall bears 20–60 small (to 8 mm across), fragrant, greenish and reddish flowers. The dorsal sepal is ovate with a pointed apex, and incurved to obliquely deflexed, while the lateral sepals are broadly lanceolate, erect, free, parallel and the tips are divergent and the margins in-rolled. The labellum is broadly ovate with undulate margins, the base is pouched, and it is sharply recurved at right angles just beyond the middle. The callus is short, horse- shoe shaped, raised, fleshy, warty, somewhat irregular, and extends just beyond the bend in the labellum (description from Bates 1994; Backhouse & Jeanes 1995; Bishop 1996; Jones 2006). The Maroon Leek-orchid is illustrated in Backhouse and Jeanes (1995, p. 240), Bishop (1996, plate 95) and Jeanes and Backhouse (2006, p. 260). Prasophyllum frenchii was described by von Mueller in 1889, based on plants collected east of Melbourne (between the Yarra River and the Dandenong Ranges). However, the identity of P. frenchii was only relatively recently determined in relation to the closely related P. hartii, under which name many Victorian P. frenchii populations were commonly referred to for many years (Backhouse & Jeanes 1995). Very little is known of the biology and ecology of the Maroon Leek-orchid. The single leaf emerges in late autumn, following the onset of seasonal rains. Flowering commences in late October and is usually completed by late November in populations around Melbourne and Gippsland. In populations in southwest Victoria and South Australia, flowering commences in late November and is completed by late December. About four weeks after flowering finishes, the leaf has shrivelled, and if pollination has occurred, the seed capsule is ripening. The species survives the dry summer and early autumn as a dormant tuber that is replaced annually. The pollinator of P. frenchii flowers is unknown, but many Prasophyllum species are visited by a range of insects such as bees, wasps, beetles and ants, attracted to the flowers by strong perfumes and/or rewards of nectar (Backhouse & Jeanes 1995), so the species may not have a specific insect pollinator. A few Prasophyllum species appear to be primarily self-pollinating (Backhouse & Jeanes 1995). The Maroon Leek-orchid usually flowers well in the absence of fire, but at some grassland sites, occasional hot summer fires promote flowering of dormant plants. These fires are probably necessary to prevent thick swards of grass (e.g. Kangaroo Grass) from developing, which can inhibit orchid flowering. Distribution The Maroon Leek-orchid is endemic to south-eastern Australia, where it occurs from south-eastern South Australia to eastern Victoria, in the Naracoorte Coastal Plain, South East Coastal Plain, and South East Corner bioregions (sensu DEH 2000) (Figure 1). Maps showing the distribution of P. frenchii are available from the Department of Sustainability and Environment (for Victoria), and the Department for Environment and Heritage (for South Australia). 3 = present occurrence = former occurrence Figure 1. Current and former distribution of Prasophyllum frenchii Population Information The Maroon Leek-orchid is currently known only from seven populations containing about 1,000 plants (Table 1), with one population occurring in South Australia and the remainder in Victoria. The largest population, containing about 420 plants, occurs in South Australia, in the Piccaninnie Ponds Conservation Park (managed by the Department for Environment and Heritage) and
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Native Orchid Society of South Australia
    NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY of SOUTH AUSTRALIA NATIVE ORCHID SOCIETY OF SOUTH AUSTRALIA JOURNAL Volume 6, No. 10, November, 1982 Registered by Australia Post Publication No. SBH 1344. Price 40c PATRON: Mr T.R.N. Lothian PRESIDENT: Mr J.T. Simmons SECRETARY: Mr E.R. Hargreaves 4 Gothic Avenue 1 Halmon Avenue STONYFELL S.A. 5066 EVERARD PARK SA 5035 Telephone 32 5070 Telephone 293 2471 297 3724 VICE-PRESIDENT: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven COMMITTFE: Mr R. Shooter Mr P. Barnes TREASURER: Mr R.T. Robjohns Mrs A. Howe Mr R. Markwick EDITOR: Mr G.J. Nieuwenhoven NEXT MEETING WHEN: Tuesday, 23rd November, 1982 at 8.00 p.m. WHERE St. Matthews Hail, Bridge Street, Kensington. SUBJECT: This is our final meeting for 1982 and will take the form of a Social Evening. We will be showing a few slides to start the evening. Each member is requested to bring a plate. Tea, coffee, etc. will be provided. Plant Display and Commentary as usual, and Christmas raffle. NEW MEMBERS Mr. L. Field Mr. R.N. Pederson Mr. D. Unsworth Mrs. P.A. Biddiss Would all members please return any outstanding library books at the next meeting. FIELD TRIP -- CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE The Field Trip to Peters Creek scheduled for 27th November, 1982, and announced in the last Journal has been cancelled. The extended dry season has not been conducive to flowering of the rarer moisture- loving Microtis spp., which were to be the objective of the trip. 92 FIELD TRIP - CHANGE OF DATE AND VENUE (Continued) Instead, an alternative trip has been arranged for Saturday afternoon, 4th December, 1982, meeting in Mount Compass at 2.00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Technical Protocols for Program Outcomes
    Monitoring and Reporting Framework: Technical Protocols for Program Outcomes Melbourne Strategic Assessment © The State of Victoria Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning 2015 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Australia licence. You are free to re-use the work under that licence, on the condition that you credit the State of Victoria as author. The licence does not apply to any images, photographs or branding, including the Victorian Coat of Arms, the Victorian Government logo and the Department of Environment, Land, Water and Planning logo. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/au/deed.en ISBN 978-1-74146-577-8 Accessibility If you would like to receive this publication in an alternative format, please telephone the DELWP Customer Service Centre on 136186, email [email protected] or via the National Relay Service on 133 677 www.relayservice.com.au. This document is also available on the internet at www.delwp.vic.gov.au Disclaimer This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. Contents Introduction 5 Context and scope 5 Monitoring Program Outcomes 5 Reporting on Program Outcomes 8 The composition, structure and function of Natural
    [Show full text]
  • Recovery Plan for the Tallong Midge Orchid (Genoplesium Plumosum)
    Approved Recovery Plan Recovery Plan for the Tallong Midge Orchid (Genoplesium plumosum) NSW NATIONAL PARKS AND May 2002 WILDLIFE SERVICE © NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, 2002. This work is copyright, however material presented in this Plan may be copied for personal use or published for educational purposes, providing that any extracts are fully acknowledged. Apart from this and any other use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior written permission from NPWS. NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, 43 Bridge Street, (PO Box 1967) Hurstville NSW 2220 Tel: 02 9585 6444 www.npws.nsw.gov.au Requests for information or comments regarding the recovery program for the Tallong Midge Orchid are best directed to: The Tallong Midge Orchid Recovery Team Coordinator, Threatened Species Unit, NPWS Southern Directorate, PO Box 2115, Queanbeyan NSW 2620 Ph: (02) 6298 9700 Or The Director, Regional Wildlife Programs, Wildlife Australia Branch, Environment Australia, PO Box 636, Canberra ACT 2601 Ph: (02) 6274 1111 Cover illustration: Tallong Midge Orchid. Photographer: John Briggs This Plan should be cited as following: NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service (2002). Approved Recovery Plan for the Tallong Midge Orchid (Genoplesium plumosum). NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Hurstville NSW. ISBN 07 313 6457 0 Approved Recovery Plan The Tallong Midge Orchid Recovery Plan for the Tallong Midge Orchid (Genoplesium plumosum) Executive Summary This document constitutes the formal National and New South Wales State Recovery Plan for the Tallong Midge Orchid Genoplesium plumosum. It considers the conservation requirements of the species across its known range, identifies the future actions to be taken to ensure its long-term viability and the parties who will carry these out.
    [Show full text]
  • National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972.PDF
    Version: 1.7.2015 South Australia National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972 An Act to provide for the establishment and management of reserves for public benefit and enjoyment; to provide for the conservation of wildlife in a natural environment; and for other purposes. Contents Part 1—Preliminary 1 Short title 5 Interpretation Part 2—Administration Division 1—General administrative powers 6 Constitution of Minister as a corporation sole 9 Power of acquisition 10 Research and investigations 11 Wildlife Conservation Fund 12 Delegation 13 Information to be included in annual report 14 Minister not to administer this Act Division 2—The Parks and Wilderness Council 15 Establishment and membership of Council 16 Terms and conditions of membership 17 Remuneration 18 Vacancies or defects in appointment of members 19 Direction and control of Minister 19A Proceedings of Council 19B Conflict of interest under Public Sector (Honesty and Accountability) Act 19C Functions of Council 19D Annual report Division 3—Appointment and powers of wardens 20 Appointment of wardens 21 Assistance to warden 22 Powers of wardens 23 Forfeiture 24 Hindering of wardens etc 24A Offences by wardens etc 25 Power of arrest 26 False representation [3.7.2015] This version is not published under the Legislation Revision and Publication Act 2002 1 National Parks and Wildlife Act 1972—1.7.2015 Contents Part 3—Reserves and sanctuaries Division 1—National parks 27 Constitution of national parks by statute 28 Constitution of national parks by proclamation 28A Certain co-managed national
    [Show full text]
  • Targeted Flora Surveys -Spring 2020
    GOLDEN BEACH GAS PROJECT Targeted Flora Surveys – Spring 2020 11 DECEMBER 2020 CONTACT FIONA SUTTON Principal Ecologist T Arcadis Level 32 140 William St E Melbourne 3000 Copyright © 2015 Arcadis. All rights reserved. arcadis.com GB ENERGY GOLDEN BEACH GAS PROJECT Targeted Flora Surveys – Spring 2020 Author Fiona Sutton Checker Approver Report No 30052213 Date 11/12/2020 Revision Text Final This report has been prepared for GB Energy in accordance with the terms and conditions of appointment for Golden Beach Gas Project – ecological services dated 11 May 2020. Arcadis Australia Pacific Pty Limited (ABN 76 104 485 289) cannot accept any responsibility for any use of or reliance on the contents of this report by any third party. REVISIONS Prepared Approved Revision Date Description by by 1 30/11/2020 First Draft Final version incorporating 2 11/12/2020 comments received V i CONTENTS SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 Study Area ........................................................................................................................... 2 2 METHODS ............................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Field surveys ......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Prasophyllum Stellatum Stellatum (Ben Lomond Leek-Orchid)
    Listing Statement for Prasophyllum stellatum (ben lomond leek-orchid) Prasophyllum stellatum ben lomond leek-orchid T A S M A N I A N T H R E A T E N E D S P E C I E S L I S T I N G S T A T E M E N T Image by Mark Wapstra Scientific name: Prasophyllum stellatum D.L.Jones, Austral. Orchid Res . 3: 115 (1998) Common name: ben lomond leek-orchid (Wapstra et al. 2005) Group: vascular plant, dicotyledon, family Orchidaceae Status: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 : endangered Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 : Critically Endangered Distribution: Endemic status: Endemic to Tasmania Tasmanian NRM Region: North Figure 1 . The distribution of Prasophyllum stellatum Plate 1. Prasophyllum stellatum from the Storys Creek type location (image by Mark Wapstra) 1 Threatened Species Section – Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment Listing Statement for Prasophyllum stellatum (ben lomond leek-orchid) IDENTIFICATION AND ECOLOGY withered fertilised flowers) when seen. The Prasophyllum species, commonly known as leek- species may not flower or emerge in dry years. orchids, are deciduous terrestrials with small, fleshy, round or oval tubers and a few fleshy, Description irregular roots. Most species are dormant over The following description for the published summer and autumn and begin growth in early concept of Prasophyllum stellatum is adapted from winter. The single, erect, hollow leaf is reddish Jones (1998), Jones et al. (1999) and Jones at the base as opposed to green as in onion- (2006). However, recent field studies (Wapstra orchids ( Microtis ).
    [Show full text]
  • Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Protected Flora List November 2019
    Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 Protected Flora List November 2019 What is Protected Flora? Protected flora are native plants or communities of native plants that have legal protection under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988. The Protected Flora List includes plants from three sources: plant taxa (species, subspecies or varieties) listed as threatened under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 plant taxa belonging to communities listed as threatened under the Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 plant taxa which are not threatened but require protection for other reasons. For example, some species which are attractive or highly sought after, such as orchids and grass trees, are protected so that the removal of these species from the wild can be controlled. For all listed species protection includes living (eg flowers, seeds, shoots and roots) and non-living (eg bark, leaves and other litter) plant material. Do I need a permit or licence? The handling of protected flora is regulated by the Department of Environment, Land, Water & Planning (DELWP) to ensure that any harvesting or loss is ecologically sustainable. You must obtain a ‘Protected Flora Licence’ or Permit from one of the Regional Offices of DELWP if you want to collect protected native plants or if you are planning to do works or other activities on public land which might kill, injure or disturb protected native plants. In most cases, you do not require a Licence or Permit for works or activities on private land, although you may require a planning permit from your local council.
    [Show full text]
  • The Consequences of a Management Strategy for the Endangered Karner Blue Butterfly
    THE CONSEQUENCES OF A MANAGEMENT STRATEGY FOR THE ENDANGERED KARNER BLUE BUTTERFLY Bradley A. Pickens A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE August 2006 Committee: Karen V. Root, Advisor Helen J. Michaels Juan L. Bouzat © 2006 Bradley A. Pickens All Rights Reserved iii ABSTRACT Karen V. Root, Advisor The effects of management on threatened and endangered species are difficult to discern, and yet, are vitally important for implementing adaptive management. The federally endangered Karner blue butterfly (Karner blue), Lycaeides melissa samuelis inhabits oak savanna or pine barrens, is a specialist on its host-plant, wild blue lupine, Lupinus perennis, and has two broods per year. The Karner blue was reintroduced into the globally rare black oak/lupine savannas of Ohio, USA in 1998. Current management practices involve burning 1/3, mowing 1/3, and leaving 1/3 of the lupine stems unmanaged at each site. Prescribed burning generally kills any Karner blue eggs present, so a trade-off exists between burning to maintain the habitat and Karner blue mortality. The objective of my research was to quantify the effects of this management strategy on the Karner blue. In the first part of my study, I examined several environmental factors, which influenced the nutritional quality (nitrogen and water content) of lupine to the Karner blue. My results showed management did not affect lupine nutrition for either brood. For the second brood, I found that vegetation density best predicted lupine nutritional quality, but canopy cover and aspect had an impact as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Redalyc.ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER?
    Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology ISSN: 1409-3871 [email protected] Universidad de Costa Rica Costa Rica BACKHOUSE, GARY N. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA Lankesteriana International Journal on Orchidology, vol. 7, núm. 1-2, marzo, 2007, pp. 28- 43 Universidad de Costa Rica Cartago, Costa Rica Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=44339813005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative LANKESTERIANA 7(1-2): 28-43. 2007. ARE OUR ORCHIDS SAFE DOWN UNDER? A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT OF THREATENED ORCHIDS IN AUSTRALIA GARY N. BACKHOUSE Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Division, Department of Sustainability and Environment 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002 Australia [email protected] KEY WORDS:threatened orchids Australia conservation status Introduction Many orchid species are included in this list. This paper examines the listing process for threatened Australia has about 1700 species of orchids, com- orchids in Australia, compares regional and national prising about 1300 named species in about 190 gen- lists of threatened orchids, and provides recommen- era, plus at least 400 undescribed species (Jones dations for improving the process of listing regionally 2006, pers. comm.). About 1400 species (82%) are and nationally threatened orchids. geophytes, almost all deciduous, seasonal species, while 300 species (18%) are evergreen epiphytes Methods and/or lithophytes. At least 95% of this orchid flora is endemic to Australia.
    [Show full text]
  • Draft Survey Guidelines for Australia's Threatened Orchids
    SURVEY GUIDELINES FOR AUSTRALIA’S THREATENED ORCHIDS GUIDELINES FOR DETECTING ORCHIDS LISTED AS ‘THREATENED’ UNDER THE ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION AND BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION ACT 1999 0 Authorship and acknowledgements A number of experts have shared their knowledge and experience for the purpose of preparing these guidelines, including Allanna Chant (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Allison Woolley (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment), Andrew Brown (Western Australian Department of Environment and Conservation), Annabel Wheeler (Australian Biological Resources Study, Australian Department of the Environment), Anne Harris (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), David T. Liddle (Northern Territory Department of Land Resource Management, and Top End Native Plant Society), Doug Bickerton (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), John Briggs (New South Wales Office of Environment and Heritage), Luke Johnston (Australian Capital Territory Environment and Sustainable Development Directorate), Sophie Petit (School of Natural and Built Environments, University of South Australia), Melanie Smith (Western Australian Department of Parks and Wildlife), Oisín Sweeney (South Australian Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources), Richard Schahinger (Tasmanian Department of Primary Industry, Parks, Water and Environment). Disclaimer The views and opinions contained in this document are not necessarily those of the Australian Government. The contents of this document have been compiled using a range of source materials and while reasonable care has been taken in its compilation, the Australian Government does not accept responsibility for the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this document and shall not be liable for any loss or damage that may be occasioned directly or indirectly through the use of or reliance on the contents of the document.
    [Show full text]
  • Conservation Advice for the Karst Springs and Associated Alkaline Fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion
    The Threatened Species Scientific Committee provided their advice to the Minister on 31 July 2020. The Minister approved this Conservation Advice on 3 December 2020 and agreed that no recovery plan is required at this time. Conservation Advice1 for the Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion This document combines the approved conservation advice and listing assessment for the threatened ecological community. It provides a foundation for conservation action and further planning. Karst springs and alkaline fens, Ewen Ponds © Copyright, Anthony Hoffman Conservation Status The Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Bioregion is listed in the Endangered category of the threatened ecological communities list under the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The ecological community was assessed by the Threatened Species Scientific Committee, who found it to be eligible for listing as Endangered and recommended that a recovery plan is not required at this time. The Committee’s assessment and recommendations are at Section 6. The Committee’s assessment of the eligibility against each of the listing criteria is: Criterion 1: Vulnerable Criterion 2: Endangered Criterion 3: Insufficient data Criterion 4: Endangered Criterion 5: Insufficient data Criterion 6: Insufficient data The main factors that make the threatened ecological community eligible for listing in the Endangered category are its historic losses to drainage, clearing and resulting fragmentation, and ongoing threats to its integrity and function, particularly from hydrological changes. The Karst springs and associated alkaline fens of the Naracoorte Coastal Plain Bioregion occurs within country (the traditional lands) of the Boandik and the Gunditjmara peoples.
    [Show full text]
  • Thelymitra Species (Orchidaceae) and Their Hybrids in Western Australia
    Volume 15: 165–183 ELOPEA Publication date: 8 November 2013 T dx.doi.org/10.7751/telopea2013020 Journal of Plant Systematics plantnet.rbgsyd.nsw.gov.au/Telopea • escholarship.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/TEL • ISSN 0312-9764 (Print) • ISSN 2200-4025 (Online) Floral biology of large-flowered Thelymitra species (Orchidaceae) and their hybrids in Western Australia Retha Edens-Meier1, Eric Westhus2 and Peter Bernhardt2 1Department of Educational Studies, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63103 2Dept. of Biology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA 63013 Abstract Historically, only a few large flowered species in the genus Thelymitra were identified as obligate out-breeders. We compared floral presentation, pollen-pistil interactions, pollination ecology, and interspecific hybridization in two populations of T. macrophylla where its flowering periods overlapped with T. antennifera (Tenterden) and T. crinita (Lesmurdie) respectively. Pollen-pistil interactions were studied using glasshouse collections of T. crinita and T. macrophylla at KPBG. The number of flowers per inflorescence in T. macrophylla varied significantly between sites. Climatic conditions influenced flower opening and closing regimes differently in T. crinita vs. T. macrophylla. While all three Thelymitra species opened on warm, sunny mornings and closed by late afternoon, T. crinita at Lesmurdie was significantly more likely to open its perianth segments on cool days compared to the co-blooming, sympatric flowers of T. macrophylla. The floral lifespans of individual flowers of T. macrophylla and T. crinita were reduced significantly following application of Thelymitra pollen onto the stigmatic surface but were not reduced by pollinarium removal. Flowers of both species were self-compatible but neither species self-pollinated mechanically (autogamy).
    [Show full text]