Box Folder 45 1 Overseas Travel. Notes, Reports, and Agendas. 1956

Home , Italian passport, Polish passport

MS-763: Rabbi Herbert A. Friedman Collection, 1930-2004. Series H: United Jewish Appeal, 1945-1995. Subseries 4: Administrative Files, 1945-1994.

Box Folder 45 1

Overseas travel. Notes, reports, and agendas. 1956-1957.

For more information on this collection, please see the finding aid on the American Jewish Archives website.

3101 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, Ohio 45220 513.487.3000 AmericanJewishArchives.org

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Monument being surrounded by new buildings, a nd soon will be swallowed up. They all will be forgotten of what t h e ghetto meant a n d was ,

Bristol Hotel, ~s'"" ~ best, is old, dark, forced attempt at lights a nd mu sic in dining r oom. Room was little cell with primitive furniture - table . 2 c h airs , bed, one l ight.

Talked with Haber by phone i n Wroclaw - make arrangements to meet in Lodz tomorrow. Will go by early train.

7 .:;[)ecember

Train to Lodz - l ong talk with l ady in compartment - She director in Theatre, , profession, radio, etc . Aunt and uncle in Tel Aviv for 35 years - Hashomer HatzaJr (friends ~ of Benv Tow) - she went to visit them last year . They wanted her to stay . cried when she wo uldn ' t but understand her desire to go "home". Poland is ber home. She asked Saltzman why be didn't leave Cleveland for I srae l. She was born he~ s uffered here - "one is bound by bitter as well as sweet" . Afriend went to Montreal in 1936 , tri ed to persuade her to come - she refused , and is certain that while he i s better off materi all y , she i s happier spiritually ~Po l and. She knows many Polish Jews went to Israe l , but s he is staying to he lp build Polis h cultural life. She "feelS" herself to be Polish. Perfect example of the "other half" who won ' t go .

Haber - 4 rec eption centers in Poland where repatriates come direct from Russia. Gov ' t gives them initial grant of 300 z l. and keep them in centers f r om one month to 3. Then sends them to places where there are other Jews and where there is room. The transfer is done by the government . When the families get to the town which t hey are aSSigned . they begin t o scr atch around to find living quarters. They go to the Joint Di stribution Committee and get up to 5,000 zl per family for beds, table or whatever they need to make liveable whatever s pace they can find. The he lp of the Joint is indispensable, because the Jews can be f l exible and try to move from town to town searching a dwelling .

As for jobs, the terribly important thing is retaining people who have been wandering for 15- 16 year s; and t r aining the young. This i s ORT, and Joint i s prepared to grant a stipend to families whose breadwinner i s retraining.

Lodz- - o l d folk's home - 70 people - horrible, cripples , mongoloids, club foot, dwarfs, bed-ridden - many there as long as five years - no hope- most fantastic collection of different social cases - all crying, begging to be taken to I srael - "don't l et me die in Po l and" . One little lady, Mrs . Finder with Auschwitz number on arm .

Community house - great courtyard, with all religious facilities - Tal mud Torah, Mikveh, s hul , schochet , etc . Kitchen for 125 people - only hot meal they get is t here . Boxes of 4 families piled in courtyard going to Israel. Most of house now inhabited by Gentiles - sad. ~ Was alla~~~ for snapping picture on shabbos .

Children here knew something about Channukah

8 December - Auschwitz

)story of brick- layer - I did not come to Poland to l ay bricks , I will go to Israel and lay bricks, and till then I will not work . I will not let them build a country on our backs.)

Fishgrund himself adroi s t t hat 90% of the repatriates come in wi th t he only avowed purpose of going on to Isr ael.

Most repatriates want to work while they are waiting. They know they have a year o r so, and don ' t want to live on c harity. There is a big discussion about providing them with enough small capital for forming working cooperatives so that t hey can earn at l east something . 3/. -3-

Visit to Oswiecin and Birkenau - nothing to write - overcome with horror --- -

1. far away corner of Poland 2. back barracks for 40-50,000 at one time 3. over 4 million gassed and cremated there 4 . exhibit is tDrough:

a. symbolic urn b . maps and charts of two camps c. model of crematorium d. displays of human hair, eyeglasses. brushes, false limbs, suitcases

5. one crematorium at Oswiecin had wreaths on ovens ; carts on rollers 6 . four crematoria at Birkenau destroyed by Germans as Russians advanced 7, barracks at Berkenau were of Dacha~ type - three shelves on tiers.

(Sam Jaffe got sick and cried and couldn't go on)

Wroclaw -- visit to club (maintaine~y Verband) P~~d full - many children - whole atmosphere reminiscent of DP ear - crowd of pec)ple, anxious, future unknown; huddled together for comfort; ne1Vous; susceptable to rumors; some complaining that they don't receive the help intended for them, the committee keeps it and they should get it directly; pathetically eager to be reassured about Israel; aware of bad letters but ignoring them; aware that it may be n year tIll they can leave, but not really wanting to admit it to themselves; all want to go to Israel.

At supper, conversation with Fishgruod about future of Polish Jewry. 1. All repatriates will leave 2. Most of old settlers will leave (They will not be deterred even by bad letters) 3. Some of old settlers will remain a. invalides b. assimilated c. fanatic communists .

This really gives very little future for a Polish je~visb community . He compared it with Bulgaria which has a remnant of 6,000 l eft .

(Later in discussion with Smolar and Sfard, they thOl1ght t he Bulgarian yishav was quite healthy)

Wroclaw=== slept in Hitlers room #18 io Hotel Monopol, with balcony Visited school (kids in 10th class didn't know about Chanukah) 450 kids in Sholom Ale~hem school - problems with Russian , Polish, Yiddish - no common language. Jewish h.istory will be taught - canteen will open. so kids can stay an extra hour and l earn Hebrew. Kids come from allover city by special street car. Teachers working hard , but some how did not feel Jewish spirit .

Suitcase cooperative - amateurish

~ited Synagogue - big crowd gathered inside. Al l said they wanted to leave - old shammas with boots and beard, warned against giving rnoney to Verband - all spoke~ against putting money in cooperatives.

K. on emigration

No one knows the exact number. probably another 20,000 Poles plus 10,000 repatriates from the year 1958 . To all inten~ hls will solve the problem.

Factors to continue: a. border to port payments settled . poliCy statement about full immigration (Polish Ambassador t o I srael ) b. 4/.

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Full on R . B •• Y. K. and every Yizkor . Otherwise barely a minyan on Shabbas morning.

3. Central Verband - Smolar and Sfard . a. there will remain a yishuv b, there will be a Jewish content to the program of the Verband in the schools and c lubs. (There are seven Jewish schools in Poland.) c . they want contact with world Jewry and do not think they are imposing political conditions when they write to the World Jewish Congress as they did . d. they want the Joint to put money in cooperatives and private machines - not to make beggars out of the people . (They really talked the hard- boiled communist line -and I wouldn't trust them)

4. Ghetto - with Netzer - saw line of wall , entrance point , first fighting , Umschlagplatz , monument, Judenvrat. Monument is on site of former Jewish police HQ, in cellar of which was HQ of ZOB. Ghetto all rebuilt, including area around momument, which will soon be completely observed.

Total Itinerary

1 . arnved Friday, 6 December - evening with Katz and Netzer 2 . Saturdan am - train to Lodz - to meet Haber, Jaffe , Fishgrund. Visited old fol ks home, Libo. Slept Katowice . 3 . Sunday am to Auschwitz, then to Wroclaw, vi sited club, Sunday evening . 4. Monday am - Wroclaw school. Kehilla, cooperative . then to Warsaw. 5 . Tuesday - Warsaw Auschwitz - grotesque Ghetto - scar famous towns - e mpty DF atmosphere • 1 • ~ . - not a single Jew will live in Egypt in three months

born Cairo - 3.4 gener ations born there Hebron in Palestine many generations ago juridically counted French nationally Tunisian rented house - arrived fUrniture crushed stone plant

30 October - heard about invasion on radio-ran away for ten days to sister in suburbs came back home 11 November police officer came at midnight - "sign her e" this acknowledges that you must stay at home. I stayed in ten days - servant went out to buy food.

They heard radio that all Tunisians (and French) are allowed to leave house , Was owner of plant with father and br other-in-law. Upon being allowed out of house, November 21 went Police - who said that they must leave country in ten days. Cashed my monthl y check and l eft country in three days. Went m Sabena bought ticket. Banks were blocked - Jews not allowed to cash checks. ' Took 4 suitcases of clothes Arrived Paris December 4 Red Cross gave 15 days at small hotel. I made conta~ts with f r iends and was pr omised job middle Januar y . I I read London Jewish Chronicle that 5,000 3ews have leItl Egypt this way. This i s a typical story. travell ers checks - good only if OK

Al l Jews bel ieve that the three months limit - because all repeat to each other what they heard f r om police officers. Also because the date of renewals of residence is 31 'mr ch. They believe there will be no renewals. I signed paper that I am leaving country of my own free wi l l. Most Jewish popul ation is in panic. Trying to get job here - if not, go to Israel and fight if necessary. We are ready to give it back. Reasonable time here would be 60 days. Stateless&Egyptian will go to Israel. Even foreign national ity will go to Isr ael because onl y one door open without money or jobs. People cannot stay in France ve r y long. Jews didn't l eave Egypt when they had chance - because they have money and business.

Frantic, excited

One man who had printing plant - caE I L 30,000 and 20 year s of effor t. They took it over night . Showed me pictures of his pl ant, printing labels for Coca Cola and Shell oil. One man who had small novelty shop in Main Street in Cairo r eceived telegram from brother-in-law in Montreal that he was trying to get him visa to canada . Next day pol ice came and took business - saying they knew he was l eaving and they were taking business as guaranty that he would pay his taxes . Pol iceman offered I L 5 for refriger ator. No choice.

More than 15,000 cars were taken from Jews.

One refugee ar rived today said that Chief Rabbi had been ordered to leave i n 60 days . (Says be beard it on Israel r ano) (I think rumor )

Another man (Saul Adler) publ icity and theatrical agent - he and father born in Cairo - but stateless. Now has application of Jewish Agency in his pocket. Doesn 1 t think many Jews will go to I s r ael %ke:a: 2/ -2-

These reasons why Jews don't go to I srae l

1. fear of war 2 . fear of discr imination against Sephardim 3. fear of Hehrew language

"We have drifted into talking politics - lets talk about the future". We were "advised" to l eave - not expel led

Mrs. Mizrachi said: They wanted Jews to wear yellow armbands. Chief Rabbi said that if they forced this, be would go to American Counsulate and ask for UN planes to come and take them out, as they were (like the Iraqs )

Professor of Arabic language left II 40,000 property - rented his building as school. Had 24 hours to leave - got paralytic shock . Penniless. 8eggard for 500 francs - was refused.

3 January

long talk with S~r, American Jewish Committee He was a_war e of long silence on Egyptain stor Thinks this is greatest tragedy since H~tler - thin1 s we are not being !Dr to this story by failing t o give it full treatment. Agrees that ther e must be developed a fuller PR approach to get more stories (even repetitive) into world press. Will work on this . Shouldn't be allowed to die of neglect.

Also doesn't understand attit ude of US State that it needs "more information" . What more? Aren ' t facts enough 5 o r 6,000 Egyptain Jews wandering around Europe? Eve~ European government i s aware of presence of these people - and is helping them. Italy and Belgium have agreed to admit any number of stateless. France , Greece, England has fel t physical impact of pressure of refugees.

Nasser's purpose is to expropriate as much of total Jewish wealth as he can get his hands on, to impoverish, to terrorize and to cause to leave - he is clever in way he does this. Expulsions are individual, not mass.

Hungary - - There will be gr eat trouble in future. When Russians wi thdraw and weak Kadar government folds or is replaced

3 January -- lunch with Tsur

1 . COU ldn' t get any single nation to make protest in the UN about what was happening to Jews in Egypt. So Israel bad to do it berself. 2. If Nasser stays, Egypt wl11 be r uined in a year . 3. Jewish population of Egypt appr ox. 49-45m . - of these 20 are foreigner s nationals; and 5 Egyptain; and 15 stateless. French and French protege (Moroccan and Tunisian) 10 British 2-3 Greek 1- 2 Italian 5 Spanish - few hundred

Egyptains coming t o France cannot be absorbed in France. The French and Egyptains themselves not onl y the Jewish French . The Jewish community is pressed by the North African Jews l et alone tbe newer Egyptain arrivals. About 3 ,000 Egyptain Jews have come to France. Some have found relatives bere.

Israel government gave guarantee to Franch and I talian t hat anyone who goes t o SWiss legation in Cairo and says he wants to go to Israel, shoul d be given transit visas t o Italy or France

3/ -3-

and Israel will stand behind it

(Most British pagport holders among Jews are Yemenites - via Aden)

Italian government says that is is happy to take Jews - but they cannot be absorbed in Italy, which is already a surplus country,

At beginning, some refugees will say they don't want to go to Israel - after few months they will go.

Movement from North Africa is mostly Aliya.h Bet, Practically nothing legal. There are no negotiations with Morocco anymore.

In Tunis, they stopped passports - so it was suggested to give laissez-passer which was theoretical deprivation of citizenship,and enables Tunis to rebut Egyptain pressure, This 600- 700 monthly continues.

Algeria, very little emigration. The Jews feel themselves French. If French lose or even compromise, Jews will leave, not be able to be absorbed in France(for economic reasons and also because of their presence of !million colons anti-semit~, and then on to Israel, even if not by first choice. Crises is gradually coming.

3 January - 3:30 JOC Staff Meeting

Hungarian - more than 13,000 registered - may be more who have not yet identified themselves. Departures from Austria have been to disadvantage of Jews. Non-Jews moved into all countries without preparation. Jews who have moved to European countries, do not exceed 1,000 of 80,000 who have moved out of Austria, perhaps not more than 4,000 Jews have left including US. This is much less than ratio. Jews have focused on overseas, particularly US. They have not been interested in Israel.

As of Sundey night, there were 11,000 Jews in Austria . (This means 15,000 must have come in) Another few thousand may get out - overseas. This leaves a caseload of 8,000 without countr~ future intake. This is a big load. We favor a more aggressive policy of Jewish Agency to sell.

150,000 in BO,OOO out = approx. ! 14,000 in 4,000 out = approx. less then 1/3 emigration to Israel. We work them toward this objective.

Jews are in small hotels - because we have many expreiences of anti-semitic attitudes in mixed camps. Austrian government appreciates this and goes along. Week ago ~ry bad incident caused us to take 60 out of camp - send them to private homes in Salzburg. We can't go on with this terrible expensive private lodging.

Tentative policy: "Jewish corners" in mixed camps. Everybody is against special Jewish camps. At same time, everybody recognizes special Jewish problem.

All furture intake will be sent to camps, not hotels. Also single men now in hotels can be selected out and transferred to camps.

Agrida has adopted an aggressive policy toward the Hungarian problem. They have sailed in and given impression they are only agency taking care .

If we try to change-aver from hotel to camp, Aguda may make capital and say Joint is bejng cruel, etc. This is a PR problem for us.

41 The end has yet to come. Demorilazation inside Hungary is so bad, more may yet come. Present slow down is temporary, due to railroad strike, weather, etc. We must all be prepared for many more thousands. Rate today is 500 - 1,999 per night. This is low compared to potential.

Bus Incident

Kaisersteinbruch is stagging area for resett lement. 800 people were told to leave it, who had been left behind. They were sore. Hundreds of Jews passed through this camp entoure to US. I£]I ICEM buses came in to pick them up. The 800 threatened buses and said that they woul dn't let Jews outalive. Austrian police had to protect. About 60 Jews were left behind and the 800 threatened them after the buses left. So we moved the 60.

Residence breakdown

9,500 in small private hotels 2,500 in some form of collective living

EGYPT

5,000 Jews from Egypt have arrived in 23 boats - uncounted planes - 5 countries this coming Sat-Sun. a boat arrives with 1,000. Former were mostly national passport holders. The next group are mostly sateless.

Of first 4,000 arrivals, 500 went to Israel, about 1,000 are on assistance in France, several hundred in Italy, few hundred in other countries.

Italy has been wonderful in offering visas, but it is hoped they will move on .

Indications are that on t his first boat of stateless, most have said they want to go to Israel. This is good. What will next boat show?

Jewish institutions in Egypt are bankrupt - old folks home, childrens home, hospital etc. We have given IRL money $25,000 to try to get it to these institutions. We have also given IRL $10,000 (first 25 in cash) to pay for passage of those who are unable to pay for themselves. This should be confidential, because status of IRL can be damaged.

5.30 Asael

Out of Morocco about 700 in December Could be larger, but we cannot stimulate because our hands are full in Egypt and Eastern Europe. from Tunis 300- 400 and Algeria 150-200 This rate wil l apply for January and February. Beginning March it will be more. We will not be able to resist pressure In next three months. with overflow from Egypt and Poland, could be 30,000 waiting for movement to Israel. He suggests camp in I taly . No predict ion about what next few weeks will bring in Egypt. Don't know what preparations to make.

4 January - Rome-Harold Trobe (JDC) & Haskell (Agency)

Egyptain refugees - about 2,400 landed in Italy so far - about 400 left - 2 ,000 others passed to other countries. Of these 400 most are Italian passport holders. Probably 6 to 7000 Egyptain Jews . Italian nationals - most claim Livernois as place of origin. This is because many decades ago. there was fire in Livernois and all records destroyed_ Jews in Egypt went to I talian consulate, said that they were originally from Livernois - no way of checking and they bought Italian passports. Most have never been in Italy and speak no Italian (If story of Yemenite Jew who became British passport holders via Adem)

Most of 400 require only financial help. Being kept in small hotels for time being .

5£ -5-

Ship due SUnday 6th with 950 mostly stateless. 855 have indicated intention go direct Israel, according to ILRL escort on board. 92 have indicated plans to try for other countries. Probably have ship ready for Israel by next day (Monday) and transfer people immediately. This is important test.

Re Poland: About 700rBO daily come from Vienna by train to either Genoa or Naples, depending upon next sailing. At present about in Naples waiting for next ship. No wait longer than one week. About 20% fly direct from Vienna and 80% come to Italy to go by ship.

They come with large quantities of baggage - about i ton per family . Poland lets them take anything out - some even said that could take autos, but it was too complicated. They have clothing, houshold goods, tools, even small machines. All are very ooncerned about their baggage in the various train shifts from station t o station. In the 8 or 10 valises is the entire property of the family for starting a new life. Out of 1 ,500 last month, only 10 stayed behind. There is no defection. There is evidence of a sharp increase in the rate of flow. First of all, we must revise our figures. Thought there were 40-50,000 Jews in Poland. Now looks like 50-70,000 = because many Jews who lived as Christians under Nazis and Communists Bre now coming out of hiding and identifying as Jews to join exodus. Also, under the repatriation from Russia just beginning, there are possible an additional 40,000 Jews. Secondly the number of exit visas being granted 1s rising. They used to give about 70 per day. The act ual number of departures. Thus they controlled the flow of departure by the number of permits granted. Third week in December they granted 1,055 permits - almost double the previous week - and since then it is continued around 150 per day.

5th January - Rapido train Rome-Napl es

Haskell talked with Davidevani in Warsaw who confirms the higher d.aily rate of permits granted.

Visited Italian Emigrant Center which Ministry of Labor is making available for 335 Egypt. Jews enroute to Israel .

Went small hotel where about 100 Polish Jews asked wh, they left. They said antisemitism is wide-open, wide-spread and virulent . Gave as examples: a) Jews lose jobs, b) students demon strate - "out with Jews" c) people insult Jews in trainways, streets, etc. d) kids not allowed to register in school with their Jewish names i.e. must be Felix not Faivel; e) people sore about Jews in UB.

Since XX Party Congress (de-stalinazation) it bas become easier for Jews to get out.

Process as follows: 1- apply for Polish exit permit 2 . takes about 2 months (in some cases much shorter) to get Polish passport, which is stamped valid for travel to Israel only; and stamped that the person gives up Polish citizenship. 3- Then person applies for Israel visa - takes about a month (sometimes much less)

Baggage - can take everything out, only dependent on cost - average 5 zloty per killo (varies in different provinces) - average baggage per family is 300-1,000 killo. For instance - man, wife and two chi ldren - had 470 klllo, paid 1570 zloty - saw his list - conttned clothes, bedding, dishes, pots, cutlery, tea service, radio - some people bring bicycles, very few bring furniture. Israeli consulate gives help to poor Jews, so they can buy things before they leave .

Even if letters from Israel bad, Polish Jews will continue to come out. Now that the Polish doors are open, Jews are grabbing the opportunity. There is fear that doors will be closed. Saw one man who bad been in Russia 6 weeks ago - came with repatriation group.

6th January -- S5 MiST (17 have visas ship under direction 67 stateless want European countries of ILRL Robert Porchet 885 want Israel

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almost 1,000 Jews - 78 who were interned. Story of interment: family Stein " pretty girl - 3 in prison . They took Jews with money into camp to get the money. Two months. Prison citadel 1 day Prison Alexandria - 1 day Abasich - 2 months. First 15 days very bad. 16-20 per room - guard insulted them - armed guards accompanied to lavatory. First two days didn't eat. After, l et them down into courtyard two hours per day. All windows closed. No views from outside. Port Said family - priority press - stationary store - Employed 27 people . Released from prison 1 January and sailed immediatel y . Very badly treated.We asked for food - they said you are worse than dogs.

Dr . Cohen - 3 generations born Egypt stateless - pathologist in Jewish hospital in Cairo. They took hospital - threw out doctors and patients. 250 beds. Present internees - stateless - 150 Egyptain - 130 all other nationalities.

Perhaps 500 total. I was released from internment on board ship. I decided on 17 November, that I wanted to leave countr y , My car, money in bank - everything left behind. They let us take IL 100 per person and IL 50 per child , We paia IL 11 tax that per IL 180. No limit on baggage - but no jewelry radiO, sewing machines IL 5 pocket cash. Average baggage per family was 100-500 killos, "We never thought they were going to do such a thing"

My family received a written order to go to the pasport office (brahcb of the Ministry of Interior). Ap passport office, they received a verbal order of explsion. Even written notice to report to passport office was taken back.

Grunspan - publisher - agent of Reader s Digest -52-stateless - father from Russia - 2 months in Abasnich - food (br ibed guards to bring some in) no membe r of family could visit -no mail- sent in t rain from Cairo to Alexandria in hand-cuffs.

I sold my frigidaire, furniture to get money for tickets. My son is trying to sell the rest and will come out. 20 years old daughter "It was horrible there - like the Nazi times",

Showed us the keys to his car - Morris pai d 1 930 left car behind - couldn't even give it to his son. I left Ismarlia - left behind everything - am happy to be going to Israel.

1 had a jewelry shop - They closed it. We have a building - we left it. They sent me a letter and told me to leave.

I was a dental mechanic - took my wife and three sons and ran recap: Three categories: 1- internees 2- expel ees 3- left on own steam

took picture

Young student - 17 - 1 was supposed to get visa to continue studies in England. At ministry of education they told me "Get out, you are Jew " . What does department of education have to do with religion? At school they t old me "Get out, you are Jew". My father had job in bank - lost his job - why should we stay. I am going to Israel to shoot Egyptains.

took picture

One young fellow said his father stayed behind to try to sell their house worth IL 3t04,999 . He was offered 11 50. 1 am going to Israel. Rabbi on board - conducted services over loudspeaker on Sat. Porchet flying back to Cairo - prepare for next ship. Received wire. They wanted next ship 20 January. There are some workers, shoemaker s, textile , bulb factor y, mechanic.

One woman came off s hip screaming, mad, strapped to str etcher

7/. -7-

6 January eve - Polish group

one man - Alina Ater from 1940 - 46; Stet tin 1946 - 56 - wanted to go to Israel in 49 couldn't Communist Jews prevent ed others from gOing . Today they don't prevent others from going . They don't prevent because toda y they want to l eave themselves . Also Polish government wants to get rid of Jews. I was director of a state clothing store. I decided to l eave on 11 August. By now about 30% of Stetton Jews (5,000) have left. About 90% ha ve decided or begun preparations to leave. I know bot communists who are l eaving because they say there is no future. My wife is not recognizable as Jew snd when she comes off the street she cries because of the t hings she hears. They talk viol entl y against Jews. I want to s l eep in Israel in a broken bed but with a whole bead. In t he scbools there are signs * "Jews out - to Palestine".

Monuments in cemeteries are despolied. We could take out whatever we wanted. I'm tat ing furniture - 1500 killo to Trieste as cargo - 1 00 kill o carrying w{th.

Another Jew in Wroclaw - was taken into Russian army - t hen into Urals - 1946 t o Wroclaw . 15, 000 Jews - most have begun to l eave or thinking of l eaving. I wa s bookkeeper , mostly non-Jews. Relations with non- Jews not bad until 1951, the,n things got worse. Earned 2 , 000 zl oty shoes cost 400. I made a decision to change my 11fe - it was easy because I wanted out . When I heard in May tha t it might be possilbe to go (I heard from a friend in a Polish police)I began the paper work. I'll do any work in Israel - don 't have to be bookkeeper.

Young girl - 20 f rom Glibnitz - third year medical student - father killed by Germans - mother with her . Lived near Lember g - under Germans in ghetto - then hidden by christians in village. Wal ended was 8. Went to regular school in days and ~ Er achi school in the evening. Home not religious - impossible in Poland. She wanted go Israel in 1952 but step-father died. Her f r iends had preceeded her and she wanted to join them. She had no trouble in school. When she wanted to go now - no trouble . Hasn 't heard of any Jews who are turned down . Wants to contine study in Israel.

Young man - 19 - born Gal icia, last years been i n Katowitz - no parents - has uncle in Israel . In war was i n ghetto - later in forest. He was hidden with Christians in 1947 his uncl e took him from Christians. Went to gymnasium. Went to Hebrew school I year 1947 - then it was closed, and private classes organized . Private teacher told him about Israel . He is going because he feels Israel is his country-otherwise he would remain in Po land. Studied flying for 1 year gliders, then Piper Cubs. 60 hours flyI ng eXJ.lt:trleuct:t .

Girl wasn ' t known to be Jewish - so she experienced nothing - but she heard how they t alked about Jews especially Jewish professors at school.

Why go to Israel: Girl said: 1. big anti-semitism now in Po l and 2. doesn 't want to be minority - and be pointed out 3. We should have our own state like ever yone else Boy said: --'l"'". -~H;':ec-w:ould l ike t o know what he is living for and for whom he should spend his life

She is gl ad she is going to Israel, even t hoogh she is terrible wouied about her studies.

7 January Napl es - conversation with member of Rabbinate

Al l foreign national Jews are not consider ed Jews but are considered undesirable aliens. 7 , 000 French and 9,000 Brit ish . E Govt says 36,000 EgyptainJews Foreign consuls protested. E. govt said they were undesirable and would be expelled E and stateless cannot work . "Residence" wi ll be withdrawn for slightest misdemeanor. This is false a cover - in order to show that the expulsions do not r each a large figure. They will admit expelling foreign undesirables - but will always c l aim a large number of E. Jews r emaining.

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~o_f~~~s_r~a~lL In Cair o 4,000 families paid rates 16,000 Estimate that non- taxpayers 20,000 In Alexandria 20,000 Pre- expulsion population max =60, 000

French, British, Gr eek, Italian 20,000 Egyptains 10,000 Sta tel ess 25-30,000

All big business sequestered. 1 . No Jew can work as employee 2. No Jew can get import license - for his stor e 3 , Businesses which bave been sequestered from Jews, all Jews were t hrown out. 4. Govt said that a ny Jew with complaint could apply to Ministry of Interior But this gi ves no satisfaction 5. Money blocked as follows under regdation - 27 November 56:

3 categor ies of Jews

700 sequestrations Those who received letters to Israel, who visited Israel 800 Members of Jewish Maccabi clut plus Black list Can withdraw IL75 per month from bank 500 Internees

As for r est , if you are wealthy and cash check for IL 1 ,000 and/or IL2,OOO next day you wi ll be sequestered. Can draw up to IL 200 monthly, if you are not in above 3 categories without getting into trouble .

Two kinds of employees - big sBEBies societies an~rivate business In big f i rms , which we r e sequestered , all Jews were fir e d. Then as the businesses were paralyzed - they took back some Jews (with intention to r e place with Egypt ains in future as possible) . In business not sequestered, Jews were suspended . All key gover nment employees were suspended "on hol iday"technically not fired. Smal l e mployees are still working - but gov't looking to replace them when Egypta ins are trained . In small private business, people can coneinue to work. Big business where previous l y the Jews didn't want to work on Saturday must work Saturday or quit . 6. Jews cannot se ll t heirproperty if he is in three categories - but as soon as a "free" Jew starts an economic operation to sell his proper ty , he goes on the black list. Furniture can be sol d without dangerj car sometimes dangerous; jewelr y in small amounts , not dangerous (no market for Jewelry) Jews are under suspicion. 7 . The small shopkeeper or small employee has been put in difficulty a) If he worked for big Jew ' s h fir m now sequestered he lost job b) Sal esma.n lost income because there is no import or sale of goods c) Small shopkeeper is still holding on; but very few 8. Shares cannot be sold.

French and Br itish Jews gave their money; jewels, whatever they could to the Swiss consulate before l eaving. No future for Jewish population of Egypt. All must go. Everyone realizes it is impo8sible for Jews to stay. There will be a big rush in March and April, when the winter is over - there wi ll ee a thousand on every ship. People now preparing for April. This is mood among Jews.

" The day we got t ransit visas for I1:aly was like Purim. We embraced each other "

Peopl e in Grand Rabblimat are in danger . All under survaillance. Story of the delcaration of the Grand Rabbi: Nachim, secretary and committee wer e brought t ogether . Gov't prepared t he speech and oreered him to say it in Hebrew , French and Ara bic . If you refuse, we are going to state that every J ew in Egypt is dangerous and may be arrested So he agreed.

9/. -9-

Other version: Either you are Eg yp ~ ain and make this statement; of if you follow line of I srael and refuse, all Jews in country will be sequestered. He was given choice half-hour before meeting . Radio and press bad already been called to Nachum's house.

8 January enroute all day to Vienna arrived 11 : 00 pm meeti ng with Ziegelaub, Feder, Jaffe

15,567 Jews served by JDC 3 , 392 have SXXIX left 11,975 still in Austria 1,000 additional have come and gone to Israe l.

9 , 354 in hotels 1,574 in private houses 354 in installations 1- Talmud Torah ) 2- Childrens Homes ) all run b, KG 3- Pension ) 63~ in camps giving kosher food and pocket money in addition t otal arrivals from Hungary (ICEM f i gures) e nd of January 7 -- 160,698 91,788 - departures remaining---- 68,910

(on general figures - almost 60% have left on Jewish figures - only 25% have l eft

ICEM says moveme n t to US is 21 , 284

Austrailian Jewish community officials have been in Vienna and decided upon 1,500 to Australia. This mostly involves people with close relatives in Australia

Total pop Hungary - 9 million - Jewish 120,000 -- 160,000 Hungarians have fled 1;% of total population 16,500 Jews have fled 15% of total Jewish pop. So far, one person (lady) returned to Hungary to get 10 year old daughter One baby (6months) died frozen r owing accor ss a lake all night

~ y do Jews leave Hungary? 1. part of general mood of flight - Jews fought with freedom fighters 2. desire to emigra~e overseas - f~mily reunion 3. economic diSbcation 4. fear of antisemitism One Jew came accorss wounded, having fought, wife died in fight and son died coming accross borde r.

Anti-semitism among Hungarian refugees in Austria - Camp Roeder public announcement over loudspeaker that any person making remarks would be barred from entrance to US intake has slowed down highest day was 793 on December 12 lowest day was 83 on January 7 average bas been 450 daily for past week average has been 150 daily

9 January ~nd~ (Nixon went this far) then to Einser Canal, down road accross Marshes - right to border stone. past it into Hungary, to waters e dge (bridge out). Talked with Austrian ranger, 10/

, . - 11-

They know it will be tough in Israel - but they want it .

Met Durdevani at station - he had just come in from Warsaw . His estimate was under 50, 000 but was well satisfied with the way things were going. NO hitches , Gannot emphasize too strongly what a good element this Polish group Is . Also Hungarians who elect Israel and are somewhat less convinced than the Poles were infected by contact with them and will benefit from it . It 1s good that they travel together .

Went to dinner at Ziegellaub's at 9 : 30 PM . Not everyone had gathered yet . Feder, his wife and Mrs. Katzkl didn't leave office till after 10 and started to eat at 10: 30 . Exhausted . It has been this way for 2 months day after day . The staff bas really been heroic . After dinner . all left quickly - too tired to talk anymore .

Jan 10 early

Went out to Traiskirchen = permanent camp , second step. Andar (border) to Eisenstadt (assembly pointed for day or two) to per manent places like Traiskirchen , of which t his is t he biggest but t here are many others . This is also a RR terminal and many trains came here to take away thousands. Today the out f l ow had dwindled . This is a former Austrailian caval ry cadet school occupied by Nazis - later Russians - now in Austrian government hands , and assisted by Norweigan Red Cross , Nixon visited this place. Population about 3, 500

About 150 Jews here - met one family . Group of 11 persons -3 brothers all tailors . They came together as a group - made last 30 Km on foot - crossed border on 10 December 56 - two children 8 and 2 got bad flu and frostbitten from the cold and exposure, are still in hospital and that is why the family is still in camp . Has missed~ B one chance to move to US. Between them they have 4 uncl es in US. They will not leave till the kids can t r avel and then they worry where can they go . I asked wby tbey bad left Hungary . 1. Fear of Hungarian facists (antisemitism) 2. Under Nazi persecution - 80 members of family were lost - only these 11 left - two brothers bad been in Matthausen - one had been departed to Siberia - ODe wife had been in Auschweitz. They were afriad that the Russians might someday

shops . In past 15 years l they had been ruined 4 times and had enough . a) 1940 - Nazis b) 1945 - after re-assembling from camps and siberia c) 1948 - nationalization d) 1956 - present revolt.

Munich - Durdevain - Shilo. Barr (rutek) Morocco --- still keep 300 in camp, now same 300 always changing. last few months around 700 - 800 average exodus - main trouble is making contact wit h people , when you have no organization. Technical possibilities permit up to 1 , 500.

Tunis -- Jews not receiving laissez- passer, on a monthly basis . Gov't decides how many per mont h . Agreed on 400 for December~ About 4- 6 , 000 are registered.

Algiers = 300 monthly leaving - are organizing to increase to 500 min - 800 + 400 + 300 = 1,500 TOTALS

max - 1 1 500 + 500 + 500 + 2, 500

Poland - Don't know what tomorrow wil l bring in sntollito countries . Things can change. As of now , the entire J ewish population is leaving . Jewish o~flcers in uniform come to I s r ael Embassy in Warsaw to register for emigration . I ncident yesterday with general and mother .

Embassy has given out around 15,000 promisses , with 3 . 5 people on each . More than 30 1 000 people have registered for emigration: Indicent: l ady wanted t o speak only with ~~~sm ambassador or higher judges . Disappointed with communism wanted to register . A member of the Politburo itself has r egistered . Forty children in orphans home in Krakow have all received visas . 12/ . , . -12-

Estimate that few thousand will remain, thats all - as in Bulgaria. Our plan is that a normal aliyah should be 4 , 000 monthly. Technical problem is with Polish railroads . They don' t have enough cars . They come out with clothing and thats all . At most when they can sell f urnit ure and heavy stuff, they buy a typewriter , radio, washing machine , because they sell at very heavy l osses . Workers don't have anything; intelli gentsia had good jobs and houses , but leave t bese behind.

Hungary- - They promised that from 15 January they wi ll give o ut new passes direct for Israel. Don't know whether they will keep their promise . Not hing really bas begun - we will see .

( In Moscow they are showing a pro-Egyptain film about Sinai war. Jew goes . Next day takes wife and kids - let them have pleasure of seeing Jewish soldiers . Back-fire)

Russia-- Big job is to organize the repatriation - see how big it will be. Gomulka wants all Poles, back to 1939 and as far as Siberia . They say this could be 400, 000 - and at l east 10% J ews . The r e may be opportunities, with open trains , l oose papers , etc . - to get Russian Jews into these convoys as well . We are watching t his whole thing.

Rumania-- No movement out - not even the 180 who wer e imprisioned for Zionism, freed and promised emigr ation. Gov 't broke this promise . Desire among t million Jews to emigrate is terribl y strong - same as Poland . Ad ded to this is the desire for family reunion, because 1950-51 tens of t housands of Rumanians went to Israel.

Will have to watch this .

Hungary-- I nterna.l work bas three phases in addition to packages, clothing and kitchens . a) give money when it was needed for flight b) help procure living quarters since 3QPOO dwellings were destr oyed in the fighting. c) Concentrate Jews from small villages into Budapest . Jewish Hungary wi ll soon be only because they are afraid to r emain i n villages. Note for future - young f l ed to Austria-families l eft behind may suffer seriously

6PM UHS Lou ~Horwitz Hungarians r egistration - 12, 000 (assume 1 , 500 -2,000 West . Eruope who have not departures - 3 , 592 registered with us in Vienna registration 7,300 USA; 2,000 Canada; 1 , 754 Australia; 309 Brizil . departures to Canada 855 USA 2, 153 Austria 350. Chose austrailia to be furthest sway f rom Hungary and because of relatives already there . By Feb . 1 another 350 might get to Austrailia.

Canada has slowed down considerably - could run another 300 for Jan . I f Cosmos deal works would be additional 500 commerchl deal.

Counselling staff is excellent . They all know probl em of telling refugees the facts of life. They talk their hearts out. Hungarians are subborn (says Plora Levine) and after listening, they say USA you can 't do anything with them . We have even thought of stopping r egis tration for US . Don't want to come to that . We sell Israel as hard as we can. Until US stops or slows down every Hungar ian will stubbornl y wait for his chance .

We can't get them to think of S. America, where possibilities exist . They will sit here waiting, no matter how much counselling we do . Feder says only shock treatment will do the trick. Isn 't even sure what he means by shock. Flora Levine says maybe we ought to have courage not to r egister a ny more who have relatives below uncle. But UHS can't to this and it wouldn't help .

My conclusion: CAMPS HERBERT A. FRIEDMAN o

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CAat.£S " 'TEllG1I..Ub JOINT! U:"

January 16, 1957

Mr. Her A. Friedman Exeou e Vice-Chairman U ed Jewish Appeal 165 West 46th Street Ne\l York 36, New York U.S. A.

Dear Mr. Fr iedman&

llmnedietely following yoor recent stay 10 VieJllla and, in particular, yoo.r visit to the Austr1&-}hmgary frontier, an incident involving the border police occurred in that area. It has been described by the newspaper "IIienar Montag", the clipping and translation of Whicb are enclosed.

Mr. Ziegellsub f e lt you might be amused in reading th1s articls for, as be put it, 'you and Hr . Leavitt got off lucky".

• ~i~ L~Pa'fdll enols. t Adm1n1Btratlve Assistant 1 cl1pp1og 1 tr~ns18tlon

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W EST ERN U N ION ,/----I INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATI~ w. P . MARSHALL • ...... 'g~NT I

J Reai...J VIA WESIERJI UNIOII fABLES II 40 ... St., Now York, It Y. r...... BA.ttr1:2920 1956 DEC 26 I'll 5 15 JN188 VIA WU CABLES JERUSALEWISRAEL 17 26 1155 LT FRI EDMA~N UJAPPEAL NEWYORK= ' V-:iiifi:~J:'~~:~ C/o 16S WISt 46TH tT • . ~

' I NFORMAT! ON REQUESTED YOUR CAB 20/12 SENDI NG WI TH SHERMAN WHO LEAVING ISRAEL TOMORROW= • TANNE •

- 1 20 12 - / .. 0/ WESTER,N UNJ.ON INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICA IONS

,-...... -"1 • .,tlfb1lllJftN ClRlP.! .,40 IIroU SI .. Ne. Vorl N. YJ eIeaH ;(2.2920 • • PSX!P1 /?5= ZP I"UX PARIS 87/86 1/51 /50 5 ~ LT= .FR I ED l.nAN UJAP~A~ ~--- NY K= - ASS UM I NG LEAVIH YOU I NTERES TE D '.~EET I NG BOAT FI~EHUNDREDEI ~ .HTY EGYPTIAN STATE LESS....pUE A RR IV~NAPLE S JA NUARY THIRD OR FOUR TH STOP YOU MAY WAN T FLY NEWYORK , ROME DIRECT TW. FLIGHT 824F CONTINUE TRAIN NAP LE S • ARRIVING TENTHIRTYTWO PM JANUARY THI RD STOP SUGGEST YOU THEN PROCEED VI EMNA SUNDAY JANUARY S I XTH ARRI VlNG THERE ,

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"'~ESTERN UN I ON~- INTERN ATIONAL COMMUNICATION~

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FRIEDMAN ~ UNITED JEWISH APPEAL LT FRIEDMAN UJAPPEAL NEWYORK 1.65 WEST 40ST / N

NAPHTALI REGRETS CANNOT MEET YOU STOP ARRIVING PARIS JANUARY

NINETH LVENING STAYING HOTEL LOUVOIS STOP PLEASE ARRANGE MEETING

THROUGH LAOR TANNE :IAN 3 1957

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• / HERBERT A iRIElIfAN -- Note. made during trip to Europe . Ja.nua.l"Z. 1957

AZOULa.Y 2 January. 1957

Not a eingle Jey viII live in Egypt in three months --

••~ •• *• ••••••

Born Cairo J. 4 generations born ther~. Hebron in Pal~stine many generations ago. Juridically considered French -- Nat i onality Tunisian •••••••••••••••• Rented house -- owned furniture Crushed atone plant

On October )0 heard about invasioD on radio. Ran away to sister fa ..... lan ~ .,.... $Uburba . Came back home 11 November . Police ofticer came at midnight -- ·sign here l this acknowledges that you SU8t 8t~ at home . • I at~ed in ten ~8 -- servant vent out to ~uy tood . Then heard on radio that all Tunisians (and French) are allowed to leave bouse.

Was owner of plant with father and brother- in-law. Upon being allowed out of house. 21 November . vent police -- who said they must le&Te country in ten days. • • • Cashed -r llonth17 check a nd left country in three days. Vent to Sabena. bought ticket.

Banks vere blocked - Jews not a llowed to cash checks.

Took four suitcases of clothes ••••• Arrived Paris 4 December .

Red Cross gave 15 daya at small hotel. I made contacts vith friends, and vas promised Job middle January • • •••••••••••• I read in London Jewish Chronicle that 5. 000 Jew. have lett Egypt this way. This story is typical.

Travellers check. g ood only UK • •••••••••••••••

All Jews belisve that the three months i8 limit -- because all repeat to each other what they heard from police officers. Also because the date of renewals of r esidence is 31 Mareh. They believe there wl11 be no rene..m.la.

I signed paper that I am leaving country of my own free will. Jt.'ISI, Most of ,.population is in panic • •••••••••••••

Trying to get Job here -- if not , go to I srael . And fight if necessary. We are ready to give it back. Reasonable time here would be sixty daTa • •••••••••••• Notes Trip Europe January. 1957 Page 2

Stateless and Egyptian will go to Israel. EYen foreign nationals will go to Israel because only one door 1s open. Vithout money' or Jobs people cannot stay in France very long.

Jeva didnl t leave Egypt when they had chance becaUJIe they had money and business.

Frantic, excited One man who had printing plant -- coat tJO.OOO and 20 years of effort they took it overnight. Shoved me pictures of his plant -- printing labels tor Coca ColA and Shell Oil.

Due man who bad small nOTelty shop aD ~ln Street in Cairo received telegram trom brother_in_ law In Mo ntreal that he was tr;rin« to get him visa to Canada, Next day police came and took business, saying the7 knew he was leaving and the7 were taking business 8a guaranty that he vould pay his taxes •

• Police offered £5. for refrigerator. Ho choice. More than 15, 000 cars vere taken from Jeva.

One refugee arrived todq said that Chief .Rabbi had been ordered to leave 1n 60 days. (SaTs he h~ard it on Israel Badio). (I think rUllor)

Another man (Saul ~er) - publicity and theatrie&l agent - he and father born in Cair~ - but statele8s. Nov hal application ot Jewish Agency in his pocket. Doesnlt think m&nT Jevs will go to Israel.

Three reaSODS wby Jewa donlt go to Israel - - ~ear of war fear of diacrimination against Sephardi.. fear of ~ebrew language • -We haTe drifted into talking politics -- let's talk about our future"

Ve were "advised- to leave. not aEPe11ed.

Mr8. Mizichi said: They wanted Jewa to wear yellow armbands. Chief Rabbi said that if they forced. this, he would go to ...i.merican Conaulate and ask tor UN planes to come and take them out, &S they were (like the IraqI)

Professor of Arabic language. Lett ~tOOO property -- rented his building as schooL Had 24 hours to leave - got paralytic stroke. Penniless. Begged for sao trancs - was refused. ------Note8 Trip Europe January 1957 Page J

:lTd January

Long talk with Schuster, American Jewish Commit t ee. He 18 aware of long silence on Egyptian story. Thinks this 18 greatest tragedy since Hitler -- thinks ve are not being fair to this .torT by failing t o give it full treatment. Agrees that there must be devel oped a fuller P.R. appr oach to get mo re stories (even r epetitive) into world preas. Will york on this. Shouldn' t be allove~o die of neglect.

~80 doe.nl t under stand attitude of U. S. State that it needs "more information". What more? Aren1 t facts enough -- 5 or 6. 000 191ptian Jeva wandering around Europe? :bery European govern.a:r;snt la aware of p resence of these people -- and 18 helping them. Ital,. and Bel&ium have &&reed to ad.JD1 t any number of stateless. France. Greece. England bave felt physical impact of presenCe of refugees.

Haleer's purpose is to expropriate as such ot total Jewish wealth as he can get his bands on, to impoverish, to terrori.e. and to caUSe to leave -- be 1s clever • in way he does this. Expulsions are indlyldual . not ma8S . HlllIg&r7 -- there will be great trouble in future. When Russians withdraw and veale Kadar government falls or is replaced. -- there will be

• Hot.es Trip Europe January 1957 Page 4

'3 Janvaty -- Lunch- TIUl:

1 . Couldnlt get any single nati on to make the protest in the UN about vhat vas happening t o Jews in Egypt . So Israel had to do it herself.

2. if Nasser stays, Egypt will be ruined in a year.

3. Jewish population of Egypt appr oxa 40 - 45.000 -- of these 20,000 are foreign nationals; and 5. 000 Egyptian; and 15.000 stateless. French and French prote~8 (J.ioroccan and Tunisian) -- 10, 000; British 2 - 3.QOO ; Gr eek 1 _ 2 , 000; Italian 5.000; Spanish -- feY hundreda Egyptians coming to France cannot be absorbed in France _ the French 3'Qptiall8 themselves not only the J evish Frencha The Jewish community is pr essed by the North frican Jevs, l et alone the never Egyptian ar rivals. About 3.000 Egyptian Jevs have come to France. Some have found relatives here.

Israel Government gave guarantee to French and Italian that anyone who goes to Swi ss Legation in Cairo and s~s he wants to go to Israel. should b e given transit visas to Italy or ?ra nce, and Israel $snds behind it. • (Moet British passport holders among Jews are Yemenites -- via Aden) • •tali an governoent says that it is happy to tako Jews - - but they cannot be absorbed in Italy. which is already a surplus populati on country.

At beginning, some refuge4s vill say they donl t want to go to Israel - - atter few months they vill go .

Movement from Harth Af rica Is mostly Aliyah Bet. Practical~ nothing legal. There are no negotiati ons with Mo r occo any more.

In Tunis. they stopped passpor ts -- so it vas suggested to giYe laissez-passer. vhich was theoretical deprivation of citizenship. and enables Tunis to rebut Egyptian pressure. Thus 600 - 700 monthly continues •

Alegerla, very lit tle emigration. The Jevs f eel t hemselves French. if French lose. or even compromise, Jevs will leave. not be able to be absorbed • 1n France (for economic reasons, and also because of t he then presence of t million colons a ~ ti- 8emitic), and then on t o I srael, even if ~o t by first choice. Grisi. is gradually cOming. Notes on Trip Europe. January 1957 Page 5 3 January JDC Staff " eetiAg t'\ uN

As of Sund~ ni ght, there vere 11.000 Jews in AustrIa (this means 15,000 must have come in.) Another few thousand ~ yet get out overseas. This leaves a case-load of 8,000, without counting future intake. This i8 a big load. We favour a more aggressive policy of Jewish Agen~ . to sell emigration to I srael. Ye work with them toward this objective •

• Jewa are in small hotels -- because we have many experiences of anti- semitic attitude in mixed camps. Austrian government appreciates this and goes along. Week ago very bad incident. caused us to take 60 out of camp - - Bend them to private homes in Salzburg.

Bus incident: Kaiserstelnbruch is staging area for resettlement. 800 people were told to leave it. who had beAn left behind. They Yere sore. Hundreds ot Jews passed through this ca~ enroute to U. S. ICEH buses came in to pick them up. The 800 threatened buses and said they wouldn't let JeYs out alive (talone). Austrian police had to protect. About 60 Jews were left behind -- and the 800 threatened them. after the buses left. So we moved the 60.

Ve canlt go on with this terrible expense of private lodging•

• Tentative policy: "Jewish cora.ars" in miXed camps. Everybody is against apecial Jewish campa. At same time. everybody recognises special Jewish problem.

All future intake wil~ be Sent to camps, not hotels. Aleo aingle men now in hotels can be selected ou~ and transferred to camps •

.Aguda bas adopted an aggressive polic)" toward the Hungarian problem. Tress claimed IJ?OO out of 8.500 when that vas total figure. Much fuss over food. They bave sailed in and given impression they are only agency taking care.

If ve try to change-over from hotel to camp • .Aguda my make capital and say Joi nt is being cruel. etc. This is a P.R. pr oblem for us.

The end has not yet come. ~moralizat ion inside Hungary is so bad. more may yet come . Present slowdown is temporary. due to railroad strike. weather, etc. ite must all be prepared for many more thousands. Rate today is 500 - 1,000 per night. This is l ow, compared to potential. Notes on Trln Europe. January 1957

I!ag. 6

Residence BreakdOwn 9. 500 in small private hotels 2. 500 in 80me torm of collective living.

5.000 Jew! tram Egjpt have arrived in 23 boats - uncounted planes - .5 countries. This coming Saturda:r/sund.ay a boat arrivea with 1 , 000. Former were mostly national passport holders. Th1a next group are moatl;y stateless.

Uf first 4,000 arrivals. 500 went to Israel, about 1,000 are on assistance in France. several hundred in Italy, feY hundred i n other countries • • It&l7 has been vonderful in offering via&8, but it i8 hoped they viII move on. Indications are that on this first boat of stateless, most bave said they want to go to Israel. This is good. Ybat v1l1 next boat show?

Jewish institutions in Egypt are bankrupt -- ~ld talks home, children's home, hospital, etc. We bave given IRC money. $26:000. to try to get it to these institutions. Ve have also given IRe $100.000 (first 25 in cash) to paT tor passage of those who are unable to p&T themselves.

his should be confidentla1:, because status of IRC can be damaged • • Notes on Triu EurQDft. January 1957 Page 7

Out of Morocco about 700 in December . Could be larger but we cannot stimulate because Om' hands are full in Egypt and Eastern Europe.

From TuniS 300 - 400 and Algeria 1S0 - 200.

This rate vill apply f or January and l'ebrua.r;r. Beginning ~~rch it vill be more . We w111 not be able to resist pressure

in next three months. with overflow from Egypt and Poland; could be 301 000 waiting for movement to 18 ~ael . He suggests camp in ItalT.

No prediction about vhat next rew ..,eeks vill bring in Egypt . Dontt knov what preparations to make • •

• Notes on Trip Europe. January 1957 Page 8 i January -- Rome -- Harold Trobe (JDC) Haskell (Agency)

Egyptian refugees -- about 2.400 landed in Italy so far -- about 400 left - 2.000 others passed to other countr ies. Of these 400, most are Italian passport holders. Probably 6 to 1.000 Egyptian Jews Italian nationals - most claim Livorno as place of pe&iaeft88 origin. This is because maD7 decades ago there was fire in Livorno. all records destroyed. Jevi in Egypt went to Italian consulate, said they vere originally from Livorno, no vay of checking, and they bought Italian passports. Most have never been in Italy and speak no Italian. ( ••• story of Yemenite Jevs vho became British passport holders via Aden. )

Most of 400 require only financial help. Being kept in small hotels, for t i me being.

Ship due Sunday 6th vith 9S0, mostlY stateless. 8SS have indicated intention go direct Israel, according to IRC escort on board. 82 have indictt ed plans to try for other countries. Probabl y have ship ready for Israel by next ~ (Monday) and transfer people i mmediately. This is • important test.

He: Poland: about 10 or 80 daily come from Vi enna by tr ain to either Genoa or Naples, dependiug upon next sailing. At present about 2S0 in Naples waiting for neXt sh~. No wait longer than one week. About 2~ fly dir ect from Vienna, and 80% come to Italy to go by ship.

They come with large quantities of ba&6~e -- about half ton per family. poland let B them take anything out _ some even said they could have taken autos , but it was too complicated. They have cl othing, household goods, tools, even small machines . All are very concerned about their baggage in the various train shi fts from station to station. In t he 8 or 10 valises i . the entire property of the family, for starting a new life • • Out of 1500 last month, only 10 stayed behind. There is nc defection. There is evidenee of a sharp inereas9 in the rate of flov. First of all. ve must revise our figures. Thought there were 40 - 50, 000 Jevs in Poland. How looks like SO - 70,000, because m&n¥ Jews who lived as Christians under Nazis and Communists are nov coming out of hidi ng and identifying as Jevs. to join this exodus . Also, under the repatriation from Russia just beginning, there are possibly an additional 40, 000 Jews.

Se condly. the number of exit visas being granted is rising. They used to give about 10 per day - i . e. the actual number of departures. Thus they controlled the flow of departures by the number of permits granted. Third ~eek in December they granted 1, 055 permits -- almost double the previous week __ and since then it baa continued around 150 per day. Notes Tr1p Eurone . January 1957 l'B€;e 9 5 January - - Rap1do Train - Rome - Naples

BaBkal1 talked with Duvdevan1 in Wa6aw vho confirms the higher daily rate of permits granted.

Visited Italian ~grant Center which Ministry of Labor 1s making available for JJ5 Egyptian Jewa enroute to Israel.

Vent small hotel where about 100 Polish Jewa. Asked w~ they l eft. They aid anti- aemitism i8 rife. open, wide- spread and virulent. Gave as ~ l e8: (a) Jews lose jobs; (b) students demonstrate - "out with J ews"; (e) people insult Jewa in tramvays. str eet, etc.; (d) kids not allowed to r egister in school with thei r Jewish names, i . e. must be Felix, not Faival; ( 8) peopl e sore about Jews in U.B.

Since XX Party Congress (de-Stallnlsation) it has become easier f or Jews t o get out. Process 8 S tollows :

• App~ for Polish exit permit Takes about 2 months (in some cases much sborter) to get Polish passport, which is stamped vall~ for travel to Israel only; and stamped that the person gives up Polish citizenship OJ '1'b.en per son 8'Opl1ea for Israeli visa -- takes about a month (sometimes much l ess) .

:Baggage : can take eYerythill8 out, only dependent on cost - average 5 slaty per kilo (varies in different provinces) -- average baggage per family 1s 300 - 1,000 kil o . Fo r instance - ~n. wife. 2 children - had 470 kil o, paid 1.510 zloty - - saw his list, con~ined clothes. bedding, dishes , ~ot8. cutlery. tea service, radio -- some people bring bicycles, very • feY furniture. Iaraeli consula t e g ives help t o poor Jeva . ao the7 can b~ things be~ore the¥ leave.

Even if letters from Israel are bad, Poli sh Jevs will continue to come out. Hov that the Pollah doors are open, Jews want t o grab the opportunity. There ls f ear t hat doors viII be clOsed.

Saw one can who had been in Bulsia six ~eeka ago - - came with repatriation group. Notes Trip Eurqpe. January 1951 Page 10

6th January __ B. S . MISH -- Shi p under directi on of ICRe - Robert Porchet

17 have visas 67 stateless, want European countr ies 885 want Israel

Almost thousand Jews -- 78 who were i nterned. Story of internment - Family Stein, pretty girl, 3 in prison. They took Jews with money into camps , to get the money. Two months : Prison Citadel - 1 day: prison Alexandria - 1 day :~ich - 2 months. First 15 da~s very bad -- 16 - 20 per room -- guards insulted them - armed guards accompanied to lavatory. First two days didn't eat. After, let them down into courtyard two hours per day. All windows closed. No news from outside.

Port Said family -- printing press and stationery store. Emp l oyed 27 people.

Released from prison 1 January and sailed immediately. Very badl y t reated. • Ve asked for food; they said, «You are worse than dogs . " Dr. Cohen --.I generations born Egypt -- stateless -- pathologist in Jewish hospital in Cairo. They took hospital, threw out doctors and patients. 250 beds.

Present internees stateless - 150 ; Egyptian - 130. all other nationalities - ? Perhaps 500 total.

I was released from i nternment on board ship. I signed on 17 November that I wanted to leave country. My car, money in bank, everything left behind. They let us take fLOO sterli _ng per person and ~50 per child. We paid £11 tax per £100. No limit on baggage - but no jewelry, radio, sewing machines -- ~5. pocket money. Average baggage per family was 100 - 150 kilos •

"We never thought they we~e goi ng to do such a thing. " • My family received a written o rde~ to go to the passport office (branch of Ministry of Interior) . At passport office. she received a verbal order of expulsion. Even written notice to report to passport office was taken back.

(}ruuspan -- Publisher:Agent of Readers Digest -- 52 -- stateless -- father from Russia - two months i n Abajiich -- food (bribed guards to bri ng some in) -- no member of family could visit -- no mail -- sent in train from Cairo to Alexandria in handcuff B.

I sold ~ f rigidaire, f urniture to get money for tickets. My son is t rying to sell the rest and vill come out. 20 year ol d daught er -It was horrible there -- like the Nazi times.- Shoved us the keys to his car - Morris - paid t930 - left car behind - couldntt even give it to his son.

I left Ismal1ia -- left everything behind -- am happy to be going to Israel. NQteo Trip EurOVe . January 1957 Page 11

I had a jewelry shop - they closed it. We bave a building - we left it. They sent me a letter - told me to leave.

I vas a dental mechanic - took my vife and. three sons and r&n.

Recap: three categories: a ) internees b) expellees c) left on ovn steam.

Took picture Young stud~t -- 17 -- 1 was supposed to get visa to continue studies in England. At Ministry of Education they told me - · Ge t out , you are Jew." Wbat does Dept. of Education bave to do with religion7 At school they told me - "Get out. you are J ew." My father h&d job in bank - l ost hie job -- why should ve stay? 1' m going to Israel -- to shoot ~tians . • ------Took picture One young fellow sa i d his tather otayed behind to try to sell their house - wath ~ J - 4, 000. He vas oftered ~50 . I am going t o Israel.

Rabbi on board -- conducted services over loudspeaker on saturday.

Porchet fl7ing back to Cairo -- prepare tor next ship. Beceived wire they wanted next ship 20 January • • There are 80me vorkers -- shoemaker. te%tile . bulb factory. mechanic. Cne woman came oft ship screaming, mad I etrapped to stretcher. Notps Trip Europe. January 1957 Page 12

6 January - Evening - Polish Group

One ~n - Alona Ata from 1940 - 46; Stettin 1946 - 156 -- wanted to go to Israel i n ' 49. couldn't. CO~i8t Jeve prevent ed othere from going ~ Toda¥ they don't prevent because todBT they want to leave themselves. Alao, Polish government wants to get rid of JeW's . I vas director of 8. state clothing store. I decided to leave OD 11 August . Before paper work was done, it took about tvo montha . By noW' about 3~ of Stettin Jews (5, 000) bave lett. Abou~~ have decided or begun preparations to leave. I know hot CO'ltI'!uniats who are leaviog. because they 3a¥ there is no future. My vife is not rec~lzable a8 Jew and when she comes off the street , sbe cries because of the things she bears. They talk vlo1ent~ against JeYs. I want to sleep in Israel in a br)~~ bed but with a whole head. In the schools there are signs -- ~Jev8 out - to Palsstine. " Monuments in cemeteries are despOiled. We could take out whatever we vanted. 11m taking furniture -- 1;00 kilo to Trieste as cargo -- 100 kilo carrying with me.

Another Jew in Vroclav -- was taken into Russian army -- then into urals - - 1946 to Vrocla~ . 15.000 Jewa -- must bave b~ to leave or think of l eaving. I vas bookkeeper, mos.tly non-Jev8. Relations with non....l1ev. Dot bad tl.'ltil 1951. • then things got worse . &arned 2 .000 zloty -- shoes coat 400 . I made a decisi on to change my life -- i t was easy ~ecau8e I wanted out. When I heard in May that it might be possible t~ go (I heard from a friend in Polish police) I began the paper work. I ' ll do ~ vork in Israel -- donlt bave t o be a bookkeeper.

Young girl -- 20 -- frOm Glibnits -- third year medical student -- father killed by German -- mother with her. Lived near Lember g -- under Germans in Ghetto -- then hidden by Christians in village. war ended was 8. Vent to r egular school in days and Misraehi school in the evening. Hebrew. Home not religious -- i mpossible ie Poland. She wanted go Israel in 1952. but step-father di ed. Her friends had preceded her and ahe wanted to join them. She had no trouble in school. Then she wanted to go nov - no trouble. Basn't heard of • any Jews who are turned dovb. Wanta to continue to study in Israel.

~oung man - 19 - born Galicia, last years been in Katowitz. No parents - has uncle in Israel. In va r vas in gbetto -- later in foreat . He vas hidden vith Christiana -- in 1947 his uncle took hi. f r om Christians. ~en t to gymnasium. Vent to Hebrew school one Tear -- 1947 -- then it was closed. and private claesea organized. Private teacher told hi~ about I ~ rael. He is going because he teels Israel is his country -- otherwi8e he would remain in Poland. Studied flying for one year -- gliders. then Piper Cubs . 60 hOUTS flyfhg experience. Anti-semitism is felt in every &ep. even in communist youth organization.

Girl wasn't known to be Jewish. so ahe experienced nothing, but she heard boy they talked about J eva• especially Jewish prdessors at school.

Why go to Israel: Girl said; 1. Big antisemitism nov in Poland 2. Doesn 't want to be minority and be pointed out J . We should bave our own a tate like everyone else. Boy said: He would like to know 'What he is living for, and tor whom he should spend his life. She is glad going to Israel~'-ev-en-t"ho i-t;;ribly worried about her studiea.

Notes Trip Europe. January 1957 Page 14

6. Jew cannot sell his property if he is in three categories -- but as soon as a ufree- Jew starts an economic operation to aell his property, ce Coe8 on the black list. Furniture can be aold without danger; car sOlletill8s dangerOU8j jevelry in small amounts not dangerous (no market for Jewelry). Every Jew is under suapicion.

7. The small shopkeeper or small employee haa been put in difficulty

(a) If he worked for big Jewish firm now sequestered he l ost job. (b) SalesQeD lost income because there i8 no import or sale of goods. (c) Small shopkeeper is still holding OD , but very few.

8. Shares cannot be sold.

French and British Jewe gave their money , Jewels, whatever they could to the Swiss consulate before leaving •

No future for Jewish population of J!'.gypt . All must go. Everyone realiSes • it is impossible for Jews to at~ . There vill be a big ~h in March and April. when the winter 1s over -- there vill be a thousand on every ship. People nov are preparing for April. This is mood among Jewa.

"The day we got transit visas for Italy. vas like Purim. Ve embraced each otheT. II

People in Grand Babbinat are in daU&:er. All under surTeUlance.

Story of the declaration of the Grand Rabbi: Nahum. secretary and committee Vere brougbt together. Government ~epared the speech and ordered him to say it in Hebr ew, Frencb and Arabic. If you refuse. we are going to state that every Jew in Egypt is dangerous and may be 'lTrested. So he &&Teed •

Other version: Eit her you are Egyptian and make this statement; or, if you • follow line of Israel and refuse. all Jews in country will be aequestered. Be vas given choice halt- hour befo;;-meeting. Radio aDd. ~eS8 had al ready been called to Nahum ' s house. Notes Trip Zurope . January 1957 Page 15

8 January en route all day to Vienna -- arrived 11. 00 p. m.

~eetlng with Ziege1laub, Feder, Jaffe

15. 567 J eva served by JDC 3. 392 havelett 11 . 975 still in Austria

1,000 eddltioLAl bave co~e and gone to Israel

9.3S4 in hotels 1, 574 in private houses 354 in i nstallations 1 Talmud Torah) 2 childrents ) a l l run by K. G. homes ) 1 pension ) • 693 in camps Giving kosher food aDd pocket money in addition

Total arrivals trom Sungary (rca! figure.) ae of Jan. ? 160.698 :iepartures 91, 788 remaining 68.910 (On general figures - almos£ -~liiTel,,:!t -- On Je'dah figures - onl7 2~ have left) IC!H S8yS movement to u. s . 1s 21,264

Australian Jewish communlty~ officiale have been in Vienna and deci ded upon 1500 to Australia. This mostly involves people with close relatives in Australia •

Total population Hungary 9 million -- Jew1sh 120,000 160, 000 Hungarians have fled - 1~ of total population • 16, 500 Jews have fled -- 15,r. of total JevishP'Pulatlon

So far, ODe person (lady) r eturned to Hungary -- to get ten year old daughter

One baby (six montho) died frozen rov~ across a lake all night

Yn7 do Jevs leave Hungary7

1. part of general mood of flight -- Jevs fought with freedom fighters - one Jew came across wounded, having fought, wife died in fighting and son died coming aero sa border

2. desire to eoigrat~ overseas famil,.. reunion

3. economic dt slocation

4. fear of anti - semitiam No tes Trip Europe. JanuarY 1952 ~.~ Anti-semi tism among Hungarian refugees in Austria -- in Camp Roeder public announcement over loudspeaker that BUY person making anti- semitic remarks would be warred from entrance to U. S.

I ntake bas slowed dovn. Highest day vas ?93 on 12 ~cembe r Lowest day was 83 on ? January Average haa been 450 daily for past week average has been 150 dailT •

•

• Notes Trip Europe, January 1957 PMc 17

9 January early to border

A.NJla.U (Nixon went this f.ar) . then to EINSER CANAL , down rutted road a.cross marshes -- right to border stone. past it into Hungary. to waterl s edge (bridge out) . Talked vith Austrian raDger, armed -- say two sol dier s across canal - they fail ed to respond. But shot once . Heard much shooti~ __ saw tent vith heater to Ary out wet clothi~ of crossing. One group on road said they valked three days -- another group asked about Caracas (one had sister there) -- about 250 • crossed last night. Sa:w German Red Cross, British lady in Save-a-Child. One man, university pr ofessor, with son 9 said vife was shot yesterday (Russian Orthodox Christmas) by drunk R~ssian soldiers 10 km . inside Hungary, who were whooping it UP . shooting indiscriminately ~ She was killed by stray bullet. He had to leave her and 19o on vith son. Wept openly. Tvo unaccompanied boys 11 and 8. were sleepin& in corner _ mad,e it alone from Budapest. All reports say nOlt; much harder to g,st across. Cont r ol extends back 20 km. from border. Also Dluch shooting on b,order to terrorize people. Ve lI:eard it •

• EISE!lSTAl1r Barracks- like complex of apartmenta i nhabited by Russians. vhicb they tore up badly Be upon leaving. Say one apartment. with boles chopped in concrete floor for lavatory use , when toilet ceased functioni ng. Manyagencies operating in this camp. to which people are brought f r om Andau and other border pointe same day of arrival. Are kept here day or two before beiQt sent on. In early ~s , trains of ~ countries ca.e right to this tovn and took people awaT bT thousands, vithout even Imy processing. USEP giv09 kits here. Sav U. S. Arrq field kitchen equipment. Few if 80T Jews her e. Great majority young people.

One lady, well dressed. oatitlg soup, Sill-all government employee, described how last 20 km. of fields be~ore coming to bor der had all been plowed up __ and how hard it was to valk ·through the heaV"'J mud __ almost died of fatigue - threW' away everything sho vas carrying - man,y times tempted to lie dow in mud and give up. One man ~Qe across with three month old baby on his back in a • rucksack -- reached Andau after a day -- found baby dead. Press conference in afternoon -- completely attended -- gave story as per attached release. Many questions, ... _------Afterwards had conferenco with Maurer snd Krell of r . K.G. They are bad. They -.rant HUJlg8.riaJ48 Beni; on from Austria - because afraid HUDgarians will cause antisemitism.

\rlent to Jro office at Seji.tenstettengasse at 7. 00 p. m. __ packed in every room with intervievers, translLat ors. etc. Personnel increased from 12 normal to 65. Some non-Jews. Police barricades doW'D. on street to keep people in 11ne . Incredible st~in on h~Ul energy and pati ence to handle 15. 000 people one by one. Mere recording of data hard enough job. Quarters very bad -- but some sort of assembly line process han been established to keep people gOing from room to room. Small black market goi ng on in appointment cards to get inside the offi ces. Feder had to board up onEI sta.ircase and put in various doora to plug entrances into building. vhen it was diEicovered that there vere leaks and people were sneakiIl& in ahead of others. Everyone vorking \iith great dedication 18 hours daily and most of refugees are cooperattng. Some problem Yith non-J'ews trying to pass as Jevs Notes Trip Europe. Jantl&r:r 1957 ryo 18

in order to get -hetter treatmentn which Joint i8 giving, in r elation to other agenciee.

Talk with Shilo. Jevish Agency man . He said exit from Poland was ineres.sing ) .500 in January. This is getting really big. Probably reach ~ . OOO in February. Trains from Warsaw to Vienna. evening till folloving afternoon () p. m. ) -- then on again t o Genoa evening (8. 30 p.m. ) until next evening - thus two full da¥a on train with few hours in Vienna in- between. Taken from B.H. atatioD t o hotel for a meal -- then back on train. He believes 70.000 Jews in Poland without repatriatees. EYer,yone else thinkB this is high. He believes all Jews will leaVe Poland -- e~e~one elso agrees.

Went with him to Sudbahnhof to see departure at 8. 30 p. m. About 150 Poles. plus about 80 Hungarians. Train is called Balkan Express and leaves each evening for Genoa, Trieste. Athens, Istanbul.

Care tor Jewa are marked ·Sonder Wagon!! : Reservhrt bei Palastina J.mt . It In each compartment vere ma~ children -- and youth. P~cellent ele~eDt. People vere cryatal clear as to r~asons for leaving Poland -- and absolute17 • unanimous that aU Jevs would leave. We vent frOI!l compart.ment t o compartcent, car to car, talked with T9ry m&Q;y. Stet tin. Breslau. Warsaw, Lodz -- in ell cities the Jevs are leaving -- they know they can got exit visas and they want to go to Israel. The;r are treined and skilled. Ten Tears under Communism have made them, if anything. better for Israel. They bave learned trades - amons them are doctors, engineers, aechanic8. metal- workers, ODe professorCof engineering) . Bave rarel7 seen such complete unanimity abo~t future. They know it will be tough in Israel -- but theT ~t i~ .

Met Du"deTani at 8tation - he had just come in from 'i'araav. His estimate va. under 50,000 -- but was vell satisfied with the ~ things vere going. No hitches. Cannot emphasize too strongly vhat a good element this Polish group is.

Als~ the Hungarians who elect Israel and are lomevbat le89 con.inced than the Poles, ere infected by contact with them and will benetit trom it. It is good • that they travel together. Vent to dinner at Ziegellaub'e at 9. 30 p.m. Hoc everyone had gathered yet. Feder. his vite and Mrs. Xatzki didn't leave otfice till aft~r 10, and started to eat at 10. 30 . exhauat&d. It has been this v~ tor t va months, day after day. The staft bas really been heroic. 4tter dinner. all left quickly -- too tired to talk &nJ ~ore. Notes Trip Europe, January 1957 !No 19

10 January -- early

Vent out to Traiskitchen -- permanent camp , second step. Andau (border) to Eisenstadt (assembly point for ~ or two) to pe~manent places like TralaK1rchen. of which this is the biggest -- but there are many others. This is also a R.R. terminal and I18.ny trains came here to take a"'&7 thousands. Today the outflow has dwindled. This 1& a former Austrian cavalry cadet 8chool -- occupmd by a~18 -- la~er Russians -- nov in Austrian government hands, and assisted by Norwegian Red Croas. Nixon visited this place. Populatlo~ about 3.500.

About 150 Jevs here -- met one family. Group of 11 persons -- three brothers all tailors -- they came together as a group -- made last 30 km. on toot - crossed berder on 10 December, 1956 - - two of the childreD. a~ed 8 and 2, got bad f lu and frostbite from the oold and exposure. are still in hospital, and that i8 w-q the family is still in auap. Mined one ohance to move to U. S. Between them they have 4 uncles in U. S. They will not leave till the k1ds~ travel - and then the)" worry where can theT go.

I aaked wbT they bad left RungarT

1. Fear of Hungarian fascists (anti- semites) • 2. Unde~ Bazi persecution -- 60 members of fami17 were lost -- only these eleven left -- two brothers had been in Katthausen -- one had been deported to Siberia -- one wife had been in Auschwitz. Tbey were afraid that the Russians might aome~ do th~ same thing. When the chance came to get out. they lett.

3. Economio -- all three brothers are skilled tailor. and have al~8 had business or shops . In ~st fifteen years they bad been ruined four times and had enough: a} 1940- tasis b) 1945 - atter re-as8embliag from campa and Siberia e) 1948 - nationaliaation • d) 1956 - present revolt Lunch -- Duvdevenl. Shilo. Barr (Lutek)

Morocco -- still keep 300 in camp. not SalCe 300, always changing . Last few montbs around 100 - 800 averQge e%odu8 -- main trouble is malc1ng contact with people . when you bave no organization. Technical possibilities permit up to 1500. Wd hope that April-May vill see us reach this goal.

Tunis -- J~ws not receiving laissez- passer, on a month~ basis. Government decides how many per month. Tbey agreed on 400 for December . About 4 - 6, 000 are registered.

Alg1n s 300 ~onthl7 leaving -- are organizing to increase to 500 ]i. ~ . A. TOO!ALS (IIIN. - 800 plus, 400 plus 300 1500 (lWr:. - l500 500 • 500 2500 ------Notes Triu Europe, January 1957 Page 20 -

Poland Don't know what tomorrow will bring in satellite countries. Things can change. As of now. the entire Jewish populati on is leaving. Jewish officers in uniform come to Isra.el Embassy in Warsaw to register for emigration. Incident ye8ter~ ...nth general and his mother. Embassy has given out around 15 ,000 gpromess8s n, with ~.5 people on each. More than 30,000 people have registered for emigration. Incid.ent: lady want~d to speak only with Ambassador; she was one of 8 highest judges in Poland; disappointed with communism, ~anted to register. A member of the Politburo itself has registered. Forty children in orphanls home in Krakow have all received visae. Estimate that few thousand will remain, that~ all - - as in Bulgaria. Our plan is that a normal aliyah should be 4. 000 month~. ~echnical problem is with Polish railroads. They donlt have anougb cars. when They come out with clothing and that' s all. At most./they can sell furni ture and heavy stuff. they buy a typewriter, radio, '4shing In8.chine, because the7 sell &t very heavy losses. Workers donl t have anything; intelligentsia had good jobs and houses, but leave these behind •

Hungary they promised that £rom 15 January they will give out new passes direct f Dr Israel. Don't know whether they will keep their promise. Nothing • really bas begun - - we will sp.e.

(In Mtscov they are showing a pro-Egyptian film about Sinai war. Jew goes. Next ~ takes wife and kids -- let them have pleasure of aeeing Jevish soldiers. Backfire . )

Russia big job is to organize the repatriation -- see ho. big it will be. Gomulka wants all Poles. back to 1939 and as far as Siberia. They say this could be 400,000 -- and at least l Q% Jews. There may be opportunities. with open trains, loose papers, etc. to get Russian Jews i nto these convoys as well. _e are watching this whole thing •

Rumania no movement out -- not even the 160 who were imprisoned for Zionism, freed and promised emigration. Government broke this promise. Desire among quarter million Jews to ~igTate is terribly strong. same as Poland. Added to • thia is the desire for family reunion. because in 1950-51 tens of thousands Rmanians want to Israel. Will have to watch this.

Hungary internal work has three pha8e~ • i n addition to packages, clothes end kitchens : Il) give money when it was needed for flight b) help procure living quarters, since 30 , 000 dwellings were destroyed in the fighting 0) concentrate Jews f rom small villeges into Budapest , bacause they are afraid to remain in villages. Jewish Hungary wi ll soon be only Budapest.

Note for future -- the young fled to Austria -- the families left behind may suffer seriously. Notes 'rrip Europe~ January 1957 Page 21

6 P .M. _ U. lI. S. _ LOU HOROWITZ

registration 12,000 (assume 1500 - 2000 Western Europe who bave not registered with us in Vienna) departures 3592

Registrations; 7. 300 - USA . 2, 000 Canada; 1754 Australia; 309 Brazil

Departures to Canada -- 855: u.s. 2,153; Austral1a 350

Chose Australia to be furthest away from Rungar7 and because of relative; a.lready there. By February 1 another 350 might get to Australia.

Canada has slowed down considerabl~ - - could run another JOO for January. If Cosmos deal works , could be additional 500 -- cocmercial deal •

Counselling staff is excellent. They all know problem of telling refugees the facta of life. TheY talk their hearts out. Hungarians are stubborn (says • ?lora Levine) and after listening, t hey saT U. S.A. Yqu can't do anyth!~ with them. Ve have even thought of stopping registr ations for U. S. Don't want to come to that. Ite sell Israel as hard as ""e can. Until -J. S. stops or slows dovo , every Hungarian will stubbornly wait for his chance.

We canlt get them to think of South Am~ rica, where possibil ities exist. They viII sit here waiti~ . no matter how ouch co~selling ve do.

Feder says only shock treatment will do the trick. Isn1t eveu sure what he means by shock.

Flora Levine sB.Ts maybe ~e ought to have courage not to register any more who have relatives belov uncle. But UHS can't do thi8 and it wouldn1t help • • •'i(y conclusi on : Camp •

HAF Jan. 1957 ~ V''i I \ - _~

NOTES FOR HAF AT PJL'US P!lESS CONFE-1E CE

1 - E;arl y in December the UJA met to set its budget for the 1957 campaign.

(A few words on UJA money and what it goes ror.) There was already evidence • that them would be extraordinary emergency needs in 1957 far exceeding asked the limits of our normal budget. We :tUm the del egates, realistic

American business men, for a special canr.>aign of $50, 000, 000 to meet these

emergency needs • They considered the evidence, and tb~n they, those • responsible for providin~ this money, voted to raise the emergency campaign goal to ~ 00, 000, 000 - - over and above the normal OS , CXX>, OOO campaign

a 2 - - This is/terrilic sum to raise - - and 12 days ago Hr. Lean tt (identify)

and I came here to see the s1 tuation for ourselves and report back to our

peopl e in America. We have spoken to hundreds upon hundreds while here --

community l eaders, welfare workers and, most of all, to refugees. And we

have come t o the conclusion that tbe $100, 000, 000 when raised may not be

enough •

• 3 -- Upon what do I base that statement (give figure of 1,000 - $1, 200 as first-year cost for each person) . That means the UOO,OOO, OOO would

s ~ rve 80 to 90 thousand Jewish refugees in 1957 . There 15 ampl e reason

to tllln.k: that there may be JltOre .

4 -- Let us look at the Egyptian situation - - This past Monday the front

pages of the New York newspapers gave bi g stories telling of the ar rival

in Marseilles of a boatload of Jewish expulsees from 'Egypt -- 1 , 000 of

them. The papers gave in detail the stories of how JeWish properties

were sequestered, bank accounts blocked, Jewish employees dismissed,

hundreds of Jews imprisoned and interned, forced to sign papers that they

(more) - 2 -

were leaving of their own free will -- and then, because they had signed such

papers, deprived of their citizenship -- for those few who had managed to

attain citizenship.. The boat arrived, according to the reports, with 1 , 000

statel ess -- all but a handful of these were native Egyptians, many of the

fourth and fifth generations. Mr . Leavitt ahd I, as you saw in the papers,

were there to Eet them -- we talked to hundreds of them and we can echo

what the correspondents said.

4 -- What the paper did not tell, however, was the fact that this sbipload

brought the number of those already expelled to well over a, 500 -- by now the

• figure, added t.o daily, is at least 7, 000. And there is no sign of any

change, any softening of attitude 00 the part of the F.:eYPtian government.

We already know of a boatload of another 1,000 coming later this month . And

they are arriving every day, by every pl:ml!! and ship l eaving Egypt.

5 - - The Jews of Egypt bave been completely terrorized -- their economic props

have been remO"!ed from them - their civic rights are being ta.klO!n away -- there are

only two alternatives left to them -- to leave Egypt or starve. The refugees • who arrive are convinced that it is the aim or ~gyptls rulers to force every Jew out of the country - and that in a .atter of months - perhaps, even before

the SUl'I'lJ:Der sets in fully. By the 'Weight of the evidence - - of everything I

have seen, read and heard -- I find myself forced to agree with them.

6 - - a) I am gtling back to America and tell our people that we rmst be prepared

this year, to take over the care and r esettlement of the entire Jewish poPUlation

of Egypt, approximately 50,000 men, w~en and children entirely without money

or means of any kind.

(rore) - 3 -

b) We must be prepared to provide for the 15, 000 Jews who have enter ed

Austria till now, and for the 10 to 1 5 thousand that it is estimated will

still come out this yeax. Whether they stay in Austria or go elsewhere

makes no difference in our needs -- our agencies follow through with people,

and hel ps take care of them and settle them in the countries to which they go, starts them off on the road to freedom and sel f - support.

W Ther e are still Jews coming out of the North African countries

not the mass migration of l ast. year, but s till l uge enough so :that there are • 3, 400 .in the transi t camp at Marseilles right now, waiting for shi pment to Israel. We must figure :.hat the total of these in 195'7 will be at least l O, ()(X) .

7. There you have i t -- 85 to 90 thousand from these three areas alone.

And there may be more fron 'ggypt -- our figure of 50, 000 is only an estimate

there are those ...no tell us that 60,000 1s "1 rore realistic figure .

~OO , OOO , (X)() seems like a ver y big figure -- it is a great sum to have to

raise over and above our normal needs . I t is the very l east, however, i f we .,LL&. • are meet the challenge" the events of the last few months have thrust upon to us .

January ll, 1957

NN2108 CCE212 GENEVE 53 29 2146 LT UJAPPEAL NY UN I TED JEW I SH APPEAL 165 W 46THST NSH N RE FRIEDMAN SCHEDULE LATEST WORD BOAT LEAVE S HOME PORT JANUARY SE COND ARRIVAL NAPLES JANUARY FOURTH EARLIEST PROBABLY FIFTH STOP ALSO WEATHER CONDITIONS HAVE RECENTLY FORCED MANY PLANE SCHEDULE CHANGE S STOP SUGGEST THAT YOU MUST NOT BANK ON DEFINITE ABILITY RETURN STATES JANUARY ELEVENTH IF YOU WANT FULL COVERAGE REGARDS JORDAN DFC 3 0 f9'i~ fOR PRJ ,,1 • "C! rrtEPHCHE REPLY TO lINN DmtE • FIN 4III. /' ..,.,,lI0II: Bapha.el Levy Direct or of Publicity UNITE JEWISH APPEAL 165 Wa at 46th Street JOR llELEASE ON RECEIPT New York 36, N.Y.

EXIDUTIVE HEAD OF UBIT.!D JEWISH APPEAL LEAVES FOB SUllVEr OF EEFWEE CRISIS ""ROAD

TO STIIDY MOl!lTDIG NEEDS OF AU> PROGRAMS FOB JEWS JalOM EGlPT. lI\I/GAHY AIID OTHER LAlIDS

Report "'111 Form Baeie of COJrllluolty Campaigns in Support of UJAls $100,000,000 Emergency Rescue Fund •••••••••••••

Rabbi Herbert A. Friedman, Executive Vle~Cbairmen of the United. Jewish

Appeal, left on Januar;y 1. for an intenaive 10-4ay BunlV' of the mounting require-

menta of UJA-aupported refugee aid operation. abroad ari8in& from "the greatest • refugee crisis since the Hitler era. " On his departure, Babbl lTledman ea1d the chief pointe on bie lionel'

minion would be in France, Italy and Austria, ""here a c onetantly growing etream

of JeYiah refug388 from Egypt, Hungary and a number of other countries of oppre8-

a:ion are awaiting resettlement in permanent locations.

"The moat important purpose of M1' miesion". he aaid, "18 to bring back

to t he American Jewish communit;r a firet-hand, thorough and factual account of

the greatest refQgee crisis sinca the Nazi terror and the chao. following World • 'War 1I. It 1a hoped tha t th1_ report will provide local community efforts which support the natlonwlde UJA 'With the 'baai. for oampai6IlB of the neceaeary scope to

meet our greatest lmmanitarian respon8ibllity of this decade."

Rabbi Friedman pointed out that the representatives of the Jewish eommtm.1-

ties throughout the eountr,y recognized the extant of the emergency last month

when they instructed the UJA to set up a drive tor a $100,000,000 »a.ergenc;v

Rescue Fund 0 wr and above the UJA I. regular 1957 campaign. "The Rescue Fund la

needed," he aaid, lIin order to save and resettle in the United States, Israel and

other countries of the free world a minimum of 100,000 Je~8h refugees from

more The W'A executive head said he would visit Paris to confer with leadera

of the Joint Distribution Committee, the IDA-financed agency Which cares for ref~

gees in a acore of overseaB countries.

In Naples he will visit JDC centers which are caring for Je~ish refugees

nwho were driven out of Egypt by the Nazi-like torror tmleaehed by dicater NasBer./I

In Marseilles, he w11l study the needa of the Jewish Agency operations

which are sheltering and rehabilitating thoueaDis of Jewish refugees from the Medi_

terranean area and transferring them to Iarael aa rapidly aa possible. The Jewish

Agency derives moat of ita fWlda from the UJA.

In Vienna, be &aid, he vill confer with officials beading one of JDe'a

nmost overwhelming reaponaibllitiee, caring for the audden influx of refugees • into Austria from Hungary." In Austria, Rabbl Friedman Baid, the UJA 1_ "participating to ita utmost

in the free vorld'g effort to cope with the massive rescue job." Noting that more

than 150,000 Hungarians fled into Austria aince the Ruesian troops crushed the anti

Communiet revolt, he said that the IDA was hblp1ng to meet the refugee problem

"through the UJA-supported Joint Distribution Committee, Which is providing exten

sive care to the 13,000 Jewish men, vomen 8lJd. children who are among the escapees. /I e "The JDC", he added, "bas set up a fleet of trucka at the Hungarian bor- dar to pick up exhaustod refugee. c:08alng into Austria, wero the7 receive tenpor417

care. Those who wish to go to Iarael, are being tranaported and resettled there by

the Jewish Agency, The New York ASBOC:fa tion tor .New AmerlcanlJ. anothor USA-financed

organization, 18 caring for a considerable number of other Jewish refugees who have

reached New York, and must be ready to help several thousand more expected in the

coming months.

Rabbi Friedman said the dual IDA effort -- the »nergency Rescue Fund

dri ve and the regular nationwide UJA campaign - must meet the needs of 625,000

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.... Rebar tClClCl _ uope 5 ..t .... Nlld • de t. MU•• _ (CllurJR1a

__111 1 _ of 1,000,0002 bd • eM ~ ra11.".

he'''u. t_ 160,000•• Tnd. popol.at.ia at lM. tb& _.000 , pnnde ...... "U. fer 16.!JOO - - tIIq _ .... lIdl1l ..'.

d) CIa'.. .."' ~ob Sa "'" _ ..... t1Ie i : ,. lAaft ",sa __ s.r tIIq .. _ 11_., _ E '" ' ..... _'" '1 • ...... ' '., ...... _e6 ...... Na.._. 1iIIIa .. bA1p 1M S w..... _ ... _ r ... • 11 ...... '"... 7 "_$-'Isa ... ", ... _ ...... _ ..' .. '11'. __ .'.'...... ' I

_ S r'IE _ _ 7 '., 't an .... pat ~ Va......

...... ,...... 5 '.1 5 ' •• Utbq .. _l '

\100 P •• 'e J _ "-0 .. 1 EClu.. --...... VA • 7 'Jell Sa __ ..ul ___ e6 VIa Sa wall

n '11.I_lUIsa.. "" sa_ .. II1Ua.l

M Jr•

• _ ..... _ I eat4 as 7 '1~. ad ..... _ r.. Artb

II -- ...... £ 5"" to ...... , ... 1_ of

t '. ue ' , t ..... Sa tW.r b '. -«.-II to -' ~t -wa. ,..

at 'It ~ _7Idl4. _W.I.. 1b '7. m

~bM 'J

III (HAll

1.. Je.8 ot ADrica, through United J ...1.b Appeal, are ... k1ng to

rabe a ap8cia.l l\rid ot $100,000,000 to .et the emergency needs

occa.6oneel by reeerJt ....pte ia _rioue part. of the world -

- .. Xgypt, wbere the entire J ....ish population 1, threatened with expu.leloo •

.. - Hungary, lro. which Jews in unprecedented nu.bors are fleeing in search ot treedom.

-- North Urica, where, 'beaun of unMttled. conditione, .1.". tace 10•• of ecoDome opportunity, ill 10.. places their civio and political etatue, and ...t be hllped to rebuild their 11ve8.

2- A. 8xecutift bead of Uait4d. J... 1eh Appeal, I haft come to ..e • at t!.ret band the n•• de ot tbe.8 people IlJ1d to report back to the J.w. ot Jarica Oil their pll&bt and their DMde. I am

tortuu:w that acco&JaIlymg _ i. )lo ... A. I.ea.,.Ut, executi...... i ....eb&.lnaa ...heT ot AEerican ,oint DietributloD Committ •• , one of the two

pr1n.ry ag.ne ue ot OJ!.. Mr. l.eavitt 18 • ..,mber of the President", CollmittH on Hungarian ~and cha1,...., of tho bor1can Council of Voluntary ..ncaa tor Foreign :BeU.!, 111 which capacitie. he

9111 ake reilorte of hi. own when he gete back to Americ:a_

w. came here Y'lsterday trom Naplel, whe,.. ... ea. J ....bh

• .xpul.... , 1000 ot the., arriving lroa Egypt.. (a ta" worde OEI thi.).

But I w111 not dwell Olio this pbaee ot our probl.ma noY. W. haTI

eallecl this cont.... uoe to dbcuee the plight of Huapran Jerl,eh

ntu&••• &ad we will ~t now.

3- W. need a lot of lIIOney to ..n. tbit Jew ••ho fled, who are stUl

fleeing. Iro. Hungary .. BOre than any ot the other 'Voluntary

ageneie 8 worthg 011 the __ problta.. 1.& 118 enumerate tor y01,l.

tbe naBone lor thia,

110" a) l'e haTe a greater proportion ot .ecapeee than any other grou,.

The tipre ... - J:!lmpry haa a popQ].atiOD at rou.ghly, ot 9,000,000

people J ot theN a little more tbaa. 160,000 haft ned to Auetria,

almost 2~ at thB entire populati on.

TbI J ...1eh popul&tloD at HuIlgaI'J ••• roughly, 120,000. Arrhal.

in Au..tria to date a.,.. 16,561. In other word., u.-oet 14 percent

ot tho .owioh population ot _gary hao lett that .....try .ia..

N~Il'ber 4th. '!'bere -7 be more ... - I apeak only ot thll.. who

ban Hgi.t.red with AJDC and the Jew1.b orpniu:i1oae with .. :-:.~ ~ . """'-_-J ..hich , it wo~rn rE-'"'" ~ ..... ~~. b) ••~~ .r ~port1GJ1 ot departures - - General figure .. • 92,000 haft lett ot tho 160,000 who _ to Au.tra - about 60~ • ....1eh tlgun .. 4,4

about 25 peroeat.. 1'h1 ...111 no doubt etraigbteJs it.,.lt out ae

time goes 011 -- but wbat it leawl right now b .~ot

approxin.t.ly 12,000 J ••• n •• llis ... _re ~ ft.l'iOU8 KlUtulge.inden) with tiDaneial help aDd aupplemeDtary ..ni ••

pro.ided by ~C •

0) W. _et lpeDd IIOre to ...t epee!al J.wieh n •• d8 • • ..t up kosher kitcbens - Send toaher food lato -...pe ...

Provide prayer book. aDd ... 1:5..&10.' .uppli•• -

Set ... p re11110u. lohoole for eblldrell (point vp Christian community at 7,000,000 oan pro.id. relig10ve facUities tor 160,oooJ • Je.. ieh populaticD of 1.115 than 1,000 UlIl'lot provide theM facUitie. for 16,500 .... it baa to be built up)

Spacial .hock tor people wbo haft sutfered twlc. in aa.e generation.

el) OUr agenciee\ job 1e Dot OftI' 1rileD people lea.,.. Austria - ..

it they go to iurop8an countrl•• , or Australia. or Sorlb

Amlriea,l, AJDC takes oare of their Ii.ed., .finance. them and ...-----.

and helps bltegrat. them in their new lIurroWldblgll, it they

,. to the Unit.d Statu the .UIII Job ill done by ~IIand

United HIA8 Servil. -- which, th•• ", tbough not a pert ot

UJA ; ll&. been voted t'WId. tn_" .pecial CUlpeigD., it they go

to brad the J.w1lb Agency 110""11 them, re-,.ttl.. them.

Our UJA agenoi.. job 18 not oftr Wltll .ftTy Olll ot them 11

weli Itarted on a 11811' lit. iD tile oOWltT)' bI which he will

tbld b11111U.

4. .... haft OOD here to ... what 11 10111& on ... ud to report back

• on n.. ds, .. I ..id oTil1nally. But we haft co_ tor Dother

rea so. -- to D.t the people and to ...ure them that the J.WI ot ..... rica are blhiDd thel1 iD their heroSo .ttort to ••t ott the

yoke ot COBmWlilt dictatorlbip and build. new litl tor themeel.,..

iD the tree world.

1111# •

-2-

type or location. Mr. Eahkol has an idea that the old established kibbut~im might agree to take in many of those Polioh people -- with a subsidy. No,RTH A:iRHlAN IMMIGRATION

Outflow about 70,0, a month from Morocco; 400, Tunis; 200 Algeria. ~ut it down -- a thousand a month. The Agency trying to put the lid on t his. Gibraltar is open. Marseille camp stands at about 30,00, t o 3. 500. About 4 to 500, leave at a time. This

depends on number of Poles waiting in Genoa.

2. QQ Q Jewa from Yemen showed up at Aden and asked for transport.

EGYPT IAN JlL'WS

British Passport holders are mainly at Yemen origin • 6 or 7.00,0 Egyptian J ews hold Italian passport. • Majority of Egyptian Jewa are in France. But they cannot be absorbed there. Red Crose gives them 15 days in hotels. Then they are on their own and it doesn' t take long before

they don' t know what next. Carte de travail tor French citizena -- questionable. No houaing in France and production falling off.

Every plane coming out. of Cairo drope people in Vienna. Every Jew in Egypt can get out; no visas necessary. He leaves everything behind and he can go out. IUly has said she will give a transit viaa to any stateless Jew; Belgium has announced the same; France

• even will take stateless although theY have not announced this.But in Italy and Belgium no end visae needed. No problem. This plane travel is for the man with money.

Young boy of 18 who was on bie way to bis uncle and juet aa Boon aa he will have ascentainel

from uncle t hat mother and younger children could be given a haven by uncle. they would

get ont o pl ane and follow young man. Otherwise the family will proceed to Israel. Tbe man without money goes to the Rabbinate; gate certificate which he takee to t he Red Cross and he will be taken out on a sbip .

No violenoe in Egypt . except in tbe case of int ernees who were brut ally handled by police.

Those in France will beoome a charge o~us . Already the COJ SOR haa huge case load of

over thousand Egypti'n Jews. There might be between 4 and 5.000, Egyptian Jews in France.

In Italy about 500 and these are passport holders -- a few hundred elsewhere. Switzerland

and Greece, and then those who bave gone to Israel. About 7.000. In connection with mention of Agency concerning Egyptians -- Red Cr oss says that's bad.

wanted to know how much we are going *0 raise. 1haY had put into budget for

first nine months of 1957 income of $10 million from the Special Fund of 1957. cash.

I told him that was a safe figure . Moe t old me it was very safe. Nov he wanta to know

hov mBn7 more millions he can count on. Told him canl t tell him until after Feb. 2nd

and then till aft er Mar ch Jr d. If' he can get a few IIWre millions on that and taking

everything else into account, he would then be $20 million short. He thinks in t erma of

borrowing. I told him no . One , the New York loan consummated for 1957 has stopped any

ki nd of ~orrowi ng around the country. As to who vas responsible for N. Y. loan, I tol d

him Bernstein said that Hammer Yrote to :Kg,ftali about that • (Nattali is OUT __ hels sick)

Candidates for new treasurer at Jewish Agency -- Dov Joseph? There are no candidates. • Thinking of trying to get Sharett. Sharett more likely to be considered next Prime Minist Or. Figure mentioned in connection with JOO - the only figure I heard Moe mention vas

$5 million. I do think that ·srael is taced with something so enormous that we here. thinking in

terms of raising money . tend to tar get their problem. 17.500 units of housing they bave

on their plans. First week of January they had 2, 000 people. They have a f eel1Dg of

pani c in connection with housi ng. A.t last meeting of Agency Shragai and Kol Baked if e i t would hel p if they come to America. Tanne aaid he vas just trassmitting :their r equest. I tol d him it wontt help tor them to come.

Proposal made to reopen camp in Haifa ~i n. Thinking ot it very seriousl y. These are the huts built six or seven years ago and are now in bad condition.

Se cond suggestion was camp at Atllth. al ao in Haita, where the housing i8 in better

condition but there are about 5. 000 Egyptian prisoners there - and Egypt in no hurry to

take them back.

Char1e said Finance Ministry in France put up 100 million francs f or French nationals

cOming into France. By their calculation they have spent 25 million on stateless.

Charlie thinking of going to UN High Commdssioner to discuss takiug over care and

maintenance for 60 days being settled between French, UB and JDC. Doesn't know whether

the UN man will listen to him. ItK i s difficult to tell hov many people this vil l

As to evacuation ot Jeva -

.!r.g1pt _ total e"ftl.CuatioD

Poland -- total evacuation if it continues as anticipated

Hungary -- 15~ already out - a8 permanent D? charge in VieDll!l

North Africa -- running around 1, 000 to 1,200 a month (vith the lid on it)

Israel completely behind in Housing with a first rate pol itical crisis coming up in the

{]]I,

Tanne said that they can hold out January. Pebruary. March ve vi&aali&e running

into complete breakdown. e In Hu.ngary. nob~ wanta to go to Israel; .Egypt. they are \I nsure although the7 pro~bly want to go to Israe\; Poland. everybodT wanta to go and they rank from the top

dovn.

350 beds ~-. available.a t the r equest of the Director-General of the Kiniatr.r of Labor. for Jew • • • "RESCUE COlillIlTEX" PEOPlE ENDANGin OUR NEUTRALITY

A great service to 'the cO!r.!r.uniet pro.,agnndil ap!nst Au.tri.

ns rendered by two umbers of the "Internetion Reecue Cotlltittee"(founded

under Aaier:lean auspices) who, without peroiseiol'l, traveled to Andau

(Bul"Eenland), several 100 metere ..ithin hungarian terrHorYt :In order

to help 10 .. hWlgarian refugees to reach the A.ustrian border. '!'hey used

the very moment in which no Auetr5en border guards were present. The

two fOI'fltgnert' f"e" captured by Hungarian border eentrie • •

A8 the "MOntag" haft learned from the Sicherheitedirektion Eisenstadt, e the police at Alldau, "'8 1ntormld OD Saturday arternoon, b)' other Qn:.bere Or the pre ...·iou81y ..nttond coNdtt.. that thfo berlel!n .. tudent Dobbs rerry

and the norweg:lan 6tudent linar Rool .. " arrested by the Hungarian sentd8a

88 they had gone ""reI 100 .ten into Huapri811 territoI"J, under the

pretext or bringing f!8~ral exhaWlted retug"8 to Austria.. " bulletin of

+'h~ Anoeiated Prese etate!! t.h8t the Andcan',. real nn. 18 Richard F.oTerbach,

the norwegian'. Einar RaUl.

Anyway, Jt wo~ld be adviaable to Inve.tjg~t. ~ore c.refully the

act:h:iti8a of the vat"foul "Rescue Committe.s", ..hic}- operate st tbe

Hungarian border, in order to prannt t .... unfortunate heldent,. A.ctivities

beyond the bord.r endanger lustria's neutral!ty and add nourishment to the

accueationa of the co~~l~t 8t.t88 egs net Austria. . 0..-'

Ita not goillg to put _ae in 8Z1¥ order at all. One tell.olr I ..t

Aid that there wouldn't be a e1ngl.e Jew li~ng in Egypt in three IIIOntIuo. The

IIIIll lIIlo ea1d th1a had been bom in Cairo. Four generations, .. tar .. ha _. ot hlo tudl7 bad been bom there. 0r1g1nal.l7 h10 aDceetore came trom 1Ie_.

in Palut1no, _. _ g___ tioDa ago. lie .... ~ by ..tionali1;r. lie

had rented a _e, he ownad the wbole houseM at _ture, am he _ a

cruohed etc... plant. 'I'I11II .... all gone. On ... 30th at October he heard abollt

the 1mu1on on the radio and he lett h10 hoaae in Cairo am went to h10 e10ter

• in _ ..._ t far ten~. 110 .... hack _ aD the 11th ot _ and a

police officer .... to hill that n1&bt., at. _ IId.dmFt.. am told b1a that. he bad to atp th1a paper. lie u_ 1Ibat. the _r .... and tha offiner Aid that the _r riIopl7 a_edged that he bad been told by the police offi_ that. he bed to et&7 at h_. lie ••ad in the _., tha _ .ant went out to ba;r tood, and then, after ten da7o. he heard on the radin that all 'l'aJ>1a!_ and FreDch _ allond to lea... their _. So that he """t out at the _ on e . tha 2lat of __ and he """t. to the polioe nation. The polin. told h1a that. he bad to leaft _ ooUDtr7 in ten..,.. On tha 28th of Io_r he cubed

hi. IIIOD~ check and went cIo1m am boDFt • ticket. on SabeDa Atrllmo and lett the countr7. Ilia bank accODDt .... blocked. he _'t allcnd to cub u.rth1ng, he got out. with tour .. OIJitoueo of 010_. he arr1-.ed in Par10 on the ,th

that tbe7 bad all been ~t.ing to each other 1Ibat th&7 heard from polin.

oftic.... • Th. police ottinare told _ thet 1Ibo D the time at the date ot the raMal at the ree1.dence cue up OD the 3lat at _ there would he DC 1WWRla. 2

AnotM,. Jw aaj4 tMt h. lad to 818Il • papa" A11D& that be ...

1~ the coomt.zo:f at h1.o own frM v1ll, and be _ that .,at ot the Jewt.h

popllation in the coomt.zo:f ... in • pau1c. 1 __ h1IIl _t he ... .,,1ng to

t..,. to do aDd he ed! he va go1nc to t..,. to set • job heN in _, that it he coa1d11't he ww1d '" to 1.,...1. J...... uahla tiM ww1d be aboIlt an,. __. It he do • ." to Iana1 he _. to f1&ht _ .. he ...ta to gift heck to thea _t the,- _ to h1a. Another one laid to _ that the ltata1__ tha I!Qpti.aD 1_

ww1d '" to Ierao1. that ...n tol"81lln ..tloaa1o ww1d eYlUtoln,. go to Iana1

-.. the)' ww1d l'I&11IIe that ~ Onl __ 0_ to the. Wlth... t_

0,. jOhe, hi laid, paop1.e _t et.7 in ~ ..y ,"-• • CIDa ..." wbo _ YV7 .. fNDtio .. YV7 _tad, _ up au! laid that he had a pr1ntI.JIc plant whicil had _ h1a lolIO.OOO aDd -mt,r _ at

effort, he ob __ pictvoe at h1a poreome1 _nt.tnc to IObout tut,-~.

Be a14 thet he hid -. pZ'1Jrt.1ns JaNl_ to,. Coca Cola and tor Shell au ..

that he had a nr:r IJOOd cl.1Inta1e aDd that tho,. took tha p1&t _ fl'aI Ida 0ft1'II1CI1t, .. _t ooo1d he do to set it heck? _.,. IIIID laid that he had had a .all -t:1 shop on the .-in 1tZ'Mt in Ca1Z'o, that he had _ftd a ta1_ 1'.- h10 bZ'oth_in-~ in I!catzw1 aDd he ... tr:r1nI to set h1a a Y1M to Canada. The Il4DCt ..,., attar • h. tpt the ta1....,., the po11o. _ and took _ th10 YV7 .all bu1.DIu f'Z'oa

h1IIl, II11nI: that the)' _ ho ... 1-tnc .. that the)' ...... taJd~ the _

... ~.. that be wool.d pq h10 taaM. lie a14 that th1I va juet pla1D ...... 1at1on .. __ to _ ....t he coa1d .., aboIlt it.

AnotheZ' IIIID laid that • poU_ had ottered h1a i.5 tor • Nfri prato,. and _ h. d1dn't _ to N1 the retnprato,. tor 1.5 the pol1c_

a14 thet be WOII1d take it tor notbtJJc it the ..., cI1dII't acoept; the 1.5 aDd he'e1

batt... take it.

OlIo ...., • poab11c1t:1 l1li4 theatr1ca1 apni, 414n't think that YV7 _ J_ WOII1d ." to IeZ'U1 l1li4 he ottered "rea ...... tor 1t. l'1nt ot ell, 5 bo adA, the I ... 01 war. -11, the t .... ot dilICl'iJdDIt1oD _'nat 8QbaI'd1a

in la'rMl. am~, the I ... of tr:11nI to lMrn the Il0l_ ~p. JDother .... _ it. ...r;r cleer thet b. bed tlDt bo __1l.8cI bolt that

be bed been adrlaecS to l.ea... - mid be __ted thet I JIIlt the _ "iI4'r1Md" in

quotatl.os _rIr.o - but that web ad'rice to le ...... the _ as .. _leiOl1, be __ lIbat cboioe ~ be _1 .l _ eeid lbo bed _ • ....,r - abo didnlt _ ~ it .. t .... - thet 1;I>q vuted J_ to ... ;ren...... baDda mid that. the CI6t IIabbi

bed aeid tbat U the1 ...... lorced to do t.bia be ~ 110 to the _ .... r-l.ta

aDd bo ~ aaIc lor 1lII pl_ to 00_ ad tea the. OI1t jUt. as 1;I>q ...... 0.. ___ - bo ..... pro_r ot .u.bio 1••• 110 -- 111>0 bed • bed. 1oI!]," .., worth N,nS WO,OOO, 1Ib1ab be _ 011\ as • labool ad bed the 1nooae as bia 11'1'101 _. 'fIHo' took the propert.;r .aT t .... bill, t.bo;r ....

hill !/4 ~ to ~, am bo bad aort ot a pual;rtic Dck as a ~t. ot it.

IIbea I _ hill be .. l1mplIIs ~ 011 0 .. loot .,d _ .. draaI .. the other

__,m bill, w] "''Ii nth the aid of a ome. a. boaed tat! acre t.iM ""'" tht !/4 _. t.bo7 -adu't. 81'" *' hill UJT __ tba. 'fIHo' waldu't let. hill pt UJT _ cd _ hill out.

I bad hmch ldth .....dar hoar ad _ hill 1IIl;y it. va that. • Iarul. bad lorooIPt wp the taat 111 the l1D1ted latl.OI1I ._t. lIbat. II .. bappen1 .. to the J_. lIoaldD't it haft ban botter U .... other COIIDtr7 bad 1r oaaIlt lIP

th1a _ole -'Aint.? !DI be aeid thet thq bed tried, ~ta4r, to pt .. other 001llltr;r to _ the protaat. in tbe 1lII .-t lIbat .. bappe"'. to tbo J_ 111 Ip;rpt am 1;I>q coaldult pt a eiIIgle other oount.r;r to do it. ad 10 Iarul bed to do it. th-.l._.

Ba _ .... fiprae Oil tbo J_ popolat1oD in Ip;rpt 1Ib1cb I

think .... tlDt _ta, bo_. I haft .... later OIl _ I t-Mnk ......

a ...... ata. Bolt taka bia _ am __.. _ to the ODeS I haft latar 011.

Ba t-.,t that the popolatiOl1 ... &ppI'Dld.atal;r '0,000 to '5,000, ot __ 20,000 .... tire1cn ..t.ioaala, 5,000 IiD'Ptian, 15,000 atataJ... Ycu haft dit- • teret t1gunIa? I hen .cae cl1tt_ .,.... too aDd ... 'll ... bar tIlq check '"'t.

lie add that. J!c1pt1&Da c~ to !'rule. CIIIllDOt. be __ 111 _e. that. til.

FreIlch ~ --.J.T.. ClUlllDt. be eOCl_. at. alODS tile J_ l'reDch EQpt.1al.. TIle Jew1Ih C~'"1t;y 1.0 _ad by tho _ Atrican J ...... let alooa the lIP,.'" _ EQpt.1.olI U'1"1Tal.o. !be Iarael go •• ,", ..at _ a guarantee to tho l'reDch aDd. the n.Han gatet_tII thot 81}'O118 !ibo "ea to til. Sw10e Legation

111 Cairo aDd aa;ya that he __ to go to Iaraal. 8houl.d be gl.T8! t...... s.t. nau to Ol" It.al.;y .. Pnnce and that Iaraal. 1IOUl4 stand behind tIlooe _it T1eea aDd al.ao peoplo ..... uould aeo to it thot. tho •••!-_ tN%l8pOl"tod _el". B7 the -.v. h. 1nd1ootod that. _ ot tho Brlt.18h _" holde.. _ the J_ ...... I_teol thot

they had gotten _ Brlt18h citi_ip ~ tile ...... oolol17 111 Aden) aDd • thot it )'OI11001ood 1l1to the or1&1n or .,.t ot tho IIQpt1aD Jews !ibo ... Brlt18h. that. th07 ...... Brlt1ab. T1.o I_te _ ...tion .

lie had tho teoll.nc thot 1Iblle at the begImIng ~ ~ 1&7

tho;y cloD It 1I8IIt to go to I.rul tbat attel" a hoi _ .,.t, ot th.. v1ll ...ch

tba oonalwr1on that that. ' a the1l" onl;y solution. ~on he InIIlW on to talk _

lIorocco aDd _ an:! Al.l:1"'* bat OheOllla tbat ' . not _ to th1.o di.ouaa1on.

IIoor bore' a a _ration 111 Rome with lleakal. on tho 4th ot J_l")'. ltal.:r Aboat e.tCO Egyptian ~ had l&Ddod 111 'M ' as or thot dots. or whoa ahout • 4CO ...... lett 111 It.al.;y aDd 2.000 otb.... had paaeed on to lootll... C<*atr1ee. aDd that. _t -.. a _t. _ ot til.. rtpt on be,.. in homo.. Ot til. ~ "'0

Irt.oyad 111 ~ as ot that dots.,at ...... Italian _" holders. !Ita eat1ate

..... that prohebl;y 6,000 to 7,000 J!cYpUan J_ ...... Ite1ian nat\.onala. aDd again

Wen I alald h1l1 Wat the1l" or1&1n ..... he add that 111 applJ'1ng tOl" Italian

c!.tu....b1p 111 It.al.;y 111 the put mat ot tball had g1T8ft 11..",.,., as thadl" place or lII01"1c1n. And tho reuon ..... that ..... dilcadee aco. j_t ...... betore 1900. th.... had been a _ t1l"O 111 LiTOmc aDd all the recol"do ...... dIIatl"o;yod.

So that tho J_ 111 Egypt nat to the Ital1al Con8ulats. aaid that thII7 ...... origSnall;y rz.o. LtTomc - tIlol"O lOU no ....,. ot * checldng on _ - aDd thq bought Italian paaaporta at tbat. t1a. Moet ot the had Mnll" been 111 It.al.;y. • 5 ~ 110 Ital'an, and that'•• '''lar to tile 8r1\1ah J_. r.:.em.ts ill or1g1n. '!he na"an .r_ &rI Lbomo ill or1s1n. __ ot tile 400 who .... ill ltal,y as

at tho 4th at J~. be aid. ~ cml.T n.naDCial bal.p. '!Iuore .... IIOtbiDc ala that had to be dono tar tile. at tile __ as ItaHan nationals th...

could either ...,.... OIlt at tho ..n hoW. ill vh1ch til...... be1ng "'" and II" out into tho ...._ and t1'1 to tiD! a job. or, it th.,. _ to SO on to Isrul

as Ital'an nat1~. it c~ yU an ...,. th1nI tor t_ to do.

b on tho arrl-.l ot tho ohip. '!he n...... I haft bere &rI that th_ ...... 978 aD board. 'lb•• hlp .... _ the ICBC -I tIIe_OOl"t1nc a...,t .... IIDbert Por~. ot th. 1.000. '18 _~. low thaN .... CJDI t~ - Steill. tor 1nIta.... - nt ..... t_ people ..... ~. 'lbeir • sta1'1 ...... " I askeel boor did th.,. ~crt _ who ...... ,lDg to be ~, thair 'I'UW1cm .... tbe;r took J_ with _ 1nto the ~Dt _ ill 0_

to get tile _. AM tile starT .. llDift!'lll. In tho II1tadel PriaOll ill Coiro

tor 01>1 4a;r1 ill tho !haII1a School tor. toR> -I ill tho ll_ Priaon tar ana 4e;r on the wa;y out. 'Ibo tun t1ttoen ~ 111 tha ~ ill u._ nre ....1'1 bad. 'Ib_ """" II1xte.a to teltilt)' peopl. 111 each J'OOaI tb. gaarde 1nnJ.ted th.... 1 _ gaarde ac_",eeI _ to tho lafttor1es _. For. nrn ...,

4a;rI theT ...... ,'t giVll1 ~ to eat. Attar the n.ret t1ttoen 4a;ro, 1III1ch were 10 wrr lad, then th." let tboa _ 1IIto tho c:ourt,ard tor two bourto 0'N'7 4e;r.

• w1ndalnl ...... DO _ III tha closed ill thI1r _. 'Ibo7 ..... an- he. \be

outl14l, 110 1IIIIil. 110 _tore, no DOtbizlB. 'Ibq _. talcoD tro.. the !haII1a ill

Cairo. 01\ tbe train, lIP to 1l••• noit1a. tho ... ill _catt•• one 4e;r ill tho pr1AIOII 111 Jlmrandr1e. and eaoorto4 onto tile obip 1>7 tho l!c1Ptian pol..... One at the Sts1n people .. on tile obip'. _tteo. ADotller _lOll on tile 1II1p" ooa mltteo, 1III1ch ooDl1ated at tOllr people, ... Doctor Cahan. 110 had haon three

_ratione born 1II.EcYPt. 110... atatol_. lie.... tbe patbol.ogl.et ill tho

JeIiUh bpltel ill Coiro. 1IIW:h the J!cypt1Ino took 0'Nr. 'l!lq _ OIl1; all 1I1e

doctare an:! all tho patimta. It'. a 2SO-bed P ... hoapltol. 'Ibq vaal4D't 1ft the 4ontore toke their 1l!etruIIenta with thea. lie _ to taka - _ h10 6 _cope th4IT 1OOUldn't 1.t h1a ban. -.. __ or intern...... , atotel._. 150, EcYPt1on. 150, oll other not1".ljtiea. about 220. DIII7

lip f1&!>red _ .... a total. or SOO ~. who bad bMn interned • .l t1J)1ca1 otoJ'7. tor _ ...... faJ.1ar8, A...... ea1d. "I

... %'OlIO. tr.intea_t on _ tile eh1p. I sil!DOd on the 1~ of 1IoT

_ber tbat I -.nted to -.... the oom&l'7. ~ car. tile _ in tile _, ".,...,

thing ... 1aft behind. '!hIlT 1et ... take 0IIt lJ.00 .ta-11nc por _no 1.50

oter11nc POI' cb11d. lie po1d I.11 tu: to ~ _ lJ.00 __'a check. '1h07

didn't llKit uo on tho Naa.. boa1; th07 oaid 1m jwelr7. 1m radioo. 1m Ift1ng

_cb'_. 1m ... __, if it _ • """ .. aoald take it. We were oll_ 10100 1.5 of pocIoot _ in _ 1B addit1Bn to tho II ot tba Woft1ar's cboclt. '!he • 1.100 tN_'. abeclt .... _d "Pa;vab1. cml:T in the 1hd.ted KiJ:I&daI." He thousbt _ the __ be_ per faUr. -..r1J1c 10' b1.m8elf and al.Gt of trienc10 el h1a wh .. he _. tUl' tba one. or 1B _t __• onitca ••• whidl

_ell one took OIlt. 1t ....ropc1 _ 100 or 150 Idlos por poracm. .lnd Cen va _ the ..1t_ th07 braaIIlt _ m. tile IIb1p th07 ...... UP ,_, tboo' are reall;y not jut """a..... we __ - ..n trnDQ - _ ot th.

new. ol>d~ jJIIt boagbt toll tIda ~. and 1"" aoald ~ _ tile, _ • bP", ot th_ could -r:r 50 kUoe ...1'th ot n.att 1B lOch onoot _ two piecM • thine to _.. __at • •

.lnother feU.... ea1d. "I\r faUr ~ftC! a vritten order to ... to tho _, omoo. whiell 10 a b_ ot the l!1Jd.o1;J7 el tho IJItertor. Utile

pauport offi.. I _ftC! a .,..be1 _ el~. I tried to -.. tba

vritten _ 1Ihicb eont _ to the puoport eltice. bIlt th.,. took tbat mtten ...to baclt troa _ and tore it lIP ba_ tile)' &aid I cI1dn 't _ it _ IIOre. I bad a1ftec\y reparted to the _t ottic., tile)' were I¥W -'''. _ ..... ~. and I didn't need _ mtten note.· I w_ to one .... who .._ that h1a _ not be used. Be ... 7

tAon for the a-ser. ~ in JtI1pt.. 110 1IU 52, statel_, hU father had _

floo. ""..... 110 Mol tooo _. in the AM ... Priam, the _ 8tar7. 110 had

to _ the ...... - to ~ Ida _ !bod, DO. bee of tile f~ ooald Y1a1t Ida. 110 _ on th. tmn flooR Cairo to .,• ..,.,... in _ClIff.. lie aold hU frllllda'N &lid b1a _ .... to set hU _ tor ti_te. IIU 80IIie tr71nc to

nll. __ ot th. Nat he ..... aD4 w1ll _ OI1t. 110 had • _"'-~ld

clancbtar with MlII aD4 ohe ae1.cI, .It. ... _. tlleN, jut l1Iat the lIaa1 tAaoa

that I __.' 110 tool< out ot b1a poeIr:et the .,. to hU oar -it .....

"'~U8h Hom.. 110 ae1.cI he had paI.cI "50 tar th. oar. 110 lett th. oar heb1M.

110 wnt.ed te 11ft it to hU _, wbo ... ~ beh1Dd. 'l'bo7 1IOIIlclll't let MlII,

eo he aa1d, 'I .t ~ _ the ...,. _ r-_.' • _r .. aa1d, "I had • j-..,. 1Ibop. !be7 c1.ooed it.' JDother .. aa1d, "lie lad. ba11~. v. lett it., _ .. aa1d, "!be7 _ ... letter. 'fhe;r told .. to le.... •

JDother _ &aid, 'I 1IU • cIaatal ...-c. I tool< rq 1I1f. IDI1 tbNe eo .. IDI1 I r&D.' A1'IIDII boT, •• _, qod 17, &aid, ·1 ..... ",,_04 to set •

n.a to c...t1D!oo _- ill .,.,.d. At the I!lm.trT of !da.oatAon tbe7 told _, 'a.t oat, TOIl'" • 1_, we _'t 11ft TOIl mr n.a to &!gl .....It' 110 _, "Iihat • _ th. ~ of !daoatAOD Iaft to do 1I1th NUl1on?lt At .choo1 th", told .,.a.t out, TOIl'''' • 1_.' Wb;r 1boal4 .. ___" tbq tell , ...... _ 11lte thii. I .. ID1Dc to __ to _ Ycn>t1aM.' __ tellow, alao _ lB, aa1d thet hU I.th... had e\'V'o4 '""'"... to trT to.ell the _. lie t1pred that tho It...... worth._

-.,000. IlIA lath... had hen oft8Ped ~ tor 1t, hacIII't _ to .ell 1t, IDI1 .,

... ~ bob""' ill order to trT to set • bettar ott.r.

One _ caM ott th.... 1p iCl-.'~. She had &0110 ad. 1_

ForeIIat __ had hen tllet ." _ obe _ 011 _ and he aa1d DO, thet

... lad bND alr1cbt vben ohe caM D!!. She iiiI&PPed OIl the ~ aDd _ ... jut

ill wort of • oatetonic itate. .lod obe I'Ifued to d1ieolarl<. 'fhe;r had • ...., ...... 8

wit3DI doom OD _ doclar1de and _. tour doato1'8 - and 1"" ImoW tile I.., ''''

ara...... ,. a:c1table - am _ j_~ wuldn't. pt olf. ADd t.IIo t.Ud to __ to

pill. he off ..,. __ tio eli ' ...... TOOl ooW,d hear her ...... t.be m01.

dock. FSWl)' the)' stripped hera onto a ._ am thq took be,. olt. ADd

IIuIao'l 00_ ...... ecd he .cratch.. !WI _ am H eqII, _~ w1ll we • do nth

her .-1"

low OIl _ 7th at I.....,., .,. _ dq an.. that. eb1p _ SlI, ..

..~ """" witll wbat we telt __ the _t. I'MJ"'IW'hl. people .. ooW,d pt CIV

haDIa 011. 'l'h...... t.vo or 111 .... _1'8 ot _ eb1p" ._~_I _ vas a

IV rr- 111. liabbinata SlI ".''''''tlA -.0 _ the wlDl.e .t.orT 1IIa1de1 am th1a

_ the oo~te storr that. ....t. boa t.be _1bl.e people. The 4'1*oaoh at • _ l!QpUon ."..... nt - t.IWI S. ~ of the ..ol.e ...-,t ol th. cHaholSoal. cl.a ...._ ol tile lIhol.. tIWIc - s. ~ ..liI,~ "_ ara DOt beI.nI par__

.. .I.... 'l'hq]a"" _ 1'1'''''_ .. - 1£ ~ .-l.d ada1t. to ~ha~ - .. lID de81rab1.a t ....ip, al.UDI. Oat of tIa 7,000 h'eloh am 9,000 lIr1t.1ah,th_ at.ta._

u. 50 .. _ ~ ...p.Nt _ .. ,,_. Woo don't. _ iIl_ SlI .....

eoautrrl tMr'ra v'"'.rable foraip, _11.... w. _ .....ad 8Nla_ nth t.be1l' collJlt.rUII we don't. WIlt _ SlI oar coantrr. The fore1cn _'I prot..t.ed

· "Nt t.IWI. TIl. Ic1it1an ..... i i nt I&1d t.hII)' __ liIIpl;r -..able and ~ • be expelled. low tba l!Qpt1an .._ ~ .. ___, 1zital'nall7 SlIIcrP', tbat. _ .... S8,OOO !cJptUn "_ and tIl_ people, --',,,)' th. f~..., rr- t.be

_te, wntad 111 to ImoW that. t.hU ... a tal.ea tip,ra, 00IIJIl.etal7. 'l'hU ...

• ...... SlI _ to ..... tbat. ....-.. _bo

at apol._ ol !cJptUn .1_ wwl.d .... appear to b. ftI7 :Larp, __ tba

Ec;n>t1aDI WOIIl.4 U7 t.hII)' did axpall 1.8,000 '""011 IIId lIr1t1ah, _ t.hII)' bad a

richt to do .. ft~. ~'''I, boat. th. w1ll ~ claSa that. t.hII)' _'t.

• cIoiq! ~ to t.be ftl7l.erp _r ol IQpt1an OJ_"o ...... r ,'aI,. btirlnd. So til... t. up IdJld ol _ ... _" or 56,000, .. that. 1£ a t_ th.. ·",

did p~ Ollt it -ad aliI,ll IIO~ 1001< 'Illite .. _. low tIlq Mda _ tt ......

po1nt at ...... x-1,. ths. _ •• tMr aid t.hara .... IIa\hSlIIIU8 55,000 lIQpt.,..., • 9 J_ IIDd the7 haw innate

_~1a_t-"~ .... -th_ gIl1W ..... _artmT

think tbo7 -}lNtty .c:careee~. In Ca1ro there ..... 4,000 ,..,11•• _ po;r taxes to the RahbSNte, and tbe7 _ that _ .... 16,000 people. 'lha1r

eet1atA of DOI1-+-e<£MIct. 18 20,000 people, and in Al_ndr1a 20,000 peoplo.

"rIleD in ....'IIl other .all ootllllDltiw there are • fw _ ...... and • fw

hIm!red th..... !IIa ~D popalat1cm, """_, l'QDS to 60,000.

WIEIIWI., 1hat __ w1t1l the n&vN we haft.

FRISI&JI. !lat _, alr1&ht. _ ~ _ it doom 1nto ~ _ cata

,_, .All forw1cD -"""'. - 1,000 ,,_, 9,000 IIl'1t1ah, !lNak, r ..ll.D - • _'•• total. of 20,000 • .All fora1p ...... , ~t hol-', 20,000 -. f_ Splld'" , weoIId aatago.,., BcJpt1aDa, 10,000, _ catagOr'1' atAtel_, 25,000 to SO,OOO.

S!C1!I!BII!!.III. 1hat'. h1(!ber thaD G1Il' fial ....

1'RI!IL1WI. So if 7<1IJ. _ 20,000 for _u.",.,., 10,000 for~, am_

1"'11' -d_ , SO,OOO for S atAtel_, _10 11- 7<1IJ. ,.,.... 60,000. _.-la it

down f.- 111_, If tbe7'ra ~ on the SO,OOO for the atetel_, drop it to 25,000, drop U to 20,000. You CON _ to • IIlm_ at 50,000. If 11M _

to drop the atAtaJ ... to 20,000 it 11- 11M 50,000. If 11M ..m. to drop fora13>

• ..u.~ hoo. 20,000 to 15,000 it br1np :7"'l doom to 45,000. 5&Il!'Ji'AII. _t '. iIrtereatlDc _ th1a 18 that we ...... cot f1goraa of III otf1dal

19417 '*-8, hooD whicb Jar.,- baa dona • calealAt10n about IIIi1Irr8t1OD aince HI!

19417 __t 1«lUld boo ooD81derad a DOr.l ~ ~ in popalat1on,

aDd pta dCIrD to .,out 80,000. PIU&JJ!II]f. !low _ r ...... got hara 18 • -.,- of _0 __ that ___ _ D, the ecoD:.s.o _ .., and t.bU 18 • ooDd_tion of all the opln1_ aDd

r ...... triad to pat it 1nto ..... Ic1nd at _t aDd .-t10 fo.. , and r ...... cot 1t ...... in the fora of tan poima.

1. All b1& baa1nNa _ by J_ ..... ~. Let _ laka • footnote on 10

vllat ... -.. b;r 1>18 _...... A~~ in EQpt t.lBre ..... two ldD!a of

~. +.h,. that ...... callad 1>18 1IOOUt1u, 1>18 ru.. 1nourcIoo ......

pmdoo, _, no... , _t-~ _010., vld.ob.,...., 1'Mlly b1g, im'Olftd

a lot of capital, a lozp .-of ~_, a lazp ....~ of _ por ,...-,

am t.bo otbol' on 1dnI. ot oall "rbato bao:i"l ...., tbe poUts co.or_to. So point .-..... 10 tbat on tbe 1>18 to b,ud ...... __ •

2. Soaa of tbo -U ~ are st111 _gl~ to bold 011' Uttl. _ bolo

in-tbo-U no... , Uttlo conce ..1ono, III..... tbere are YfIr7 rflll ~, .,..,.

eaall ~ of~, tIIMe are at111, _ of ~, in Joooiah __ &III! 1""

ooald ..." that. _ ..u -'>opIc~ are at1ll bolcl:1nl on.

3 . 110 J. _ an en iIIport H_ 0" en IIIpGrt U ....., ... that on J .. _ • are 1n'fOlftd in \bat ~ ... to on 1ntanto &1111 PWPOO' polt out of tbat bu1nan.

4 . ~ a t~ laI"go .- of 1_ ..... oale_ 01' _to f.,.. t1I"w

a-.t. brofol'll tIl.,- ...... on poat OIR of ...,14< dII8 to tb. _ ben 011 tb. 1IIpGrt-

SJIport U __ • ~ ...... _ ...... in ... !.nd1reot _c1\7. u a w. n

11 atte_ b;r tba ban on tha 1IIpGrt-~ He.... .

i.U.'.... of oal_ are olao _ wttb DO ~ .

S. All J."u, .._ at _oat.....d btc bu1nan...... dtoabar'gM. 1'1100 vllat

bapponod, IIOIW ot tIl_ """,-,,...... ~ b;r tbo

• ~~ aM eo vila' ho"",_ .. that tbo7 _10: beck .... t_ 1_ wttb tba

olaaI" 1ntant1cm, that. .. ototod to tIl_ p80p1e, tbot tbo;y -.ld _ bo !'tip' 0_

with Egpt1aJI8 1Jl tJ» tuture .. qaio1c1 7 .. poaib1... 80011 U tbd.r repla'CRllnt.

ooald bo __• 1'IIoI"et_ 1t'. fail" to ..." tbot on Jowioh ~ ..... cI1Icbarpd. 'lb. u.pt1mll ...... rflll &1111 tbq al801Illl bo &obozpd ,..t u

_ .. tIIelr ...pIoen Ito ... __, that tbot point ooald ~t bo _ u

.~t1on.

8. .u-t on Jw10h ..._ ...... t ~ ..... 8Upe111:1ad, polt "on b..,lc1q" wtt.llcod

oalu7. It ....do o1eazo to tbn, _~, tbot tbq ..... DOt bclnI' 111"04 bR1I

that tb..v .,..... juat boing polt on ....t1nD. I oa1d botON ~t all lUfli1"iMOot • •

I I f i i J I ~ f 1ft I f!! I i f I ~ J ! I f I ; ~ ~ ~ t ilffllll~I.,frfr-iiiil·!~i li!i fl· f .. l ~ . f 5 t ;a f if, II! i J ~ I ~ i I I i ( r,ff . . 1:1 1114l5~

•.. . : f:iJ~55 ~ l!li~!rl gi.

~ • ~ 5 t ! ~ 5 t -. l ~ ~ ~ I , f I 1 _ : i I ! t ~ ~ iii t 8 ~ ~ iff i r ~ ~ iIi" ·-t:i;a}Kt: lil'''(l f jj~-fil~ i_ .. I~!i · li l~ifol!li' .. & 1 .... 1 •• : I~!l til:i~';'~ -I~·I

_. If sill) It_. ~ 'lI ~ f f f 1~f! i 3 ~ (: . I· (i ~ ~ t j ~ ~; ~ !• 5" It~f i l ga" f<+. !I • • ct .. 12 ~oaa .".1- categcrt.. am 1"" got :1.75. So tby fow:d aut that _~ """ 1rlad

to _ """' 1han'l.2OO .. setting bl"., f into a ~roI1II IlitttaUcm. !bat'... aCOOllD'ta. tar .. tbe b1oc1coc1 aooounU .... conceruecl and _t can bo drInm troll tit. blou.d I a...... All ..... am any otber 1d.1XI of hol~ wbicb til.,. 00IIIIi___ tiabl; and ""lcb til.,. triod to .all """n til.,. fow:d thet tbe - aocounte r

blocIcoc1 coul.dn't be oold. 110 except10n on thia tor ~, DO dlUermce In til.

__ eatclgorlae or In tbe rr.e Jew. 110 bol~ can be oold. All bo1d1,...... bl_.

10. Prope...". - _nal, private pr

In any ODlt of tbe _ eategcrt... Be can't eall~. IIov tor tbe tree

J_, _pSn ~ baa oil""" _, 1h&t, _tare and j~ In aall_te • can bo IIOld w11h0llt ...... r. It _'t lri!II _ ?8I"J _cb. Ton set a tJpl.caJ. Ror.r, as 1"" _, 1h. '1.200 retriprator 1& IIOld tor lo2O f11" lJ.5, tIl• .sao ""rtb of t'I1mltare .,qjlt br1ng 1.100. BI1t..u .._ of t'I1mltare and ..u ...... me

of jeonLl.l7 can be oold tor pereoml 11~ _a. JJq lorpl" ecoDOld.c trmw-

aat1.cms, ~ VIat'1 cal]ed abetentI.al, l1ke an autc.>b1le, a pi_ ot real

_te, ~ * ot that 8f11"t cannot bo _ a~ all -.. tile ..."... w11XIIup

OIl tbI bla"""1at, or he w11XII up ~ __• So the _ .. 1& c:aapl_. _ til... ten po1nts _ up _t I ... able to t1nd OIlt _ tile .eoncmd.e bu,-,,"- am ompl.", ...t eel _ aC9OW1t8 and bold!..,. and P8>_oal

• pzvpait;y.

5"1 lil!!!!!Al. For the beDItt1t of 1""1" DOtes cIan't 1"" _ 1t ~d be ....M to

repot t """ til. _ttee COIlII1oted of? Yaoa don't _ to I1w 1he1r _ if you

don't ant to put it In, bolt do 1"" _ to eq wbo thfI7 were. Ton eq it'•• reepona1hl.e eo...s.ttee on tile III1p,. but ""0 _ thq?

FRIKlJIIlI. Wall, one pereon ... hml tbet ste1n t~, wbiah ... a_tl;r

a .,..:Lth;r fa1dl7. 0". pereon we a ... lJT the _ of Boario, ..,. we apparentl;r

an act1w leader in tbI Cairo Jav1ab Cd ,"!ty. !ba tb1rd P8>- we tile pq tre.

tile Rabb1nate, one of 1h. steff -.... _ of the per... "rw] of tile Ilabb1nate in

Alaandr1a. And the fourth pe:raon .. a doctor troll the Jellilb 1Ioep1ta1. in c.1ro.

If.

SEnDIII!h Well then vb;y are ... ~ that .. can't. hel.p _~ pt 00:1>?

JIRI&L1Wi' Well h ... con you help -boc11 ..... OIlt? SKIIBN!WI. !low you juot MY that tbe7 can oxerc1ae a certa1n _t ot eho1ce.

So l!hat'. jl:e.eatq - the p8raoQ for 11110. th. reJ.ati.... in Dlrica .... 4. IN

- wbat, theoretic.J..l3', 1a pravell't1nl that JItil- tram ccod.r!c ov.t?

FRIEl!IAII. Wblt '. pri... tinc the relati... trca be1pq him CCIII6 OI1t? S!<1 I!KIlhAI. JIo, lat'. forget abol1t that tor a _ta. PIIIElIlllI. JIo one 1a pte.ent1ac h1a trca COIII1nc out.

JACOBSOJh '!he U!d.ted States _~ut, nll'her 0,..

SEIlElII!Alil It>. he' e ~ ee!<111C to be brouatrt to America. The re1at1... in America

1a ~ ~ "lIoor can I pt him to Dlrica? flat's a ~ta ••• • JACOBSOlb 110 hu DO place to ",. mtEIJIlI. '!'be,.. are two ld.ndII of CPNtton. that CCIIII floom "'-rica, from relaU......

IIoor can I help h1a pt OI1t of Ec7Pt1 1a ODe _tion. '!h.... I.,. 1a actaally you

don' t ~ to help 11111, he can .... 00:1> M l't.

JACOBSON. 110 can .... 00:1> it be waut. to '" to r.nel.. lie can't"""" ""t it he vanta to eo eJ.a8llhere ""08 he '. &lOt an end _1notion v1&o . PIIJJ>IJ!AR. Well, you can't pt h1m an end cIoet1notiCIII v1&o.

JACOllSOIl. M you ... it you talk to tha Sw1ae in ~ and you IItIY to _ you • _ to eo to Ionel. tbe7 will ~ tor ptt1ng .. 00:1> _ tbe7 han ...... - acts with .,...ml ...... _.. It you ... ~ talk to th_ end ... you aut to

1_ thea ~ ' ''' ~ preporecI to be1p,.,... For _ ...... it a lit r.rq ....to to CO to Frace he'. cot to Met oerta1n ooDCI1t1oDo. 110 '. lOt to han a relati... in PNDae _ be'. &01nc to •••

PIlI ",,,,1. Well look. __ me, I don't aut to iutuNpt bolt I .. ebort of t1ae. So the _ to _t un.,. to cs.... the J_ in Dori.. wo _ to be1p tbe11' relati.... in Fc7Pt 1a DO' relaftut to til-. _. I.taat aut to Ill"'''''' _t'. h&1'It . Wblt th.., ..., 1a thot __ will he a 1>1& ruoh in IIiIrdl and .a,ru. attu IIIroh H n.t, _ th. e1ntu 1a or... '!he,....., he 1,000 OIl rrwr'T oIlip ..inc OIIt ..... that'. a r!wtoricel. no_t, bolt. it ,nrH .... the _. PWopls ....

, 15

.- ..... ~ ror April, trury elY) that'. tm _ among the Jws. Om rellaw

1M i M" oa1.d._ "'l'bo da;y we lilt tromdt t:1aa ror ItalT .... 11100 _. We _braced eacil otlwr."

_ the rellar boll tile Ra_to 121 AJeandr1a said that tho peroo

or t.be anm I!abb1mte .... 121 *-. '1'htt7 &re ell_...... uJ..mce _ that.

w should knaw that ibare'a an aatual al....,t or pbyB!oal danger and IN shouldn't

be INl'pI"1.Md U the people hom 1118 Clrand Ra_to ...... ated 1no1do FcPt and .. ""I#lt to tl7 to tld.Dk 121 _ ot be1Iw: VfIl7 __ .bout that and U .... haar

about it ... oqght to ...:tiH that 111_ .... paople .0 • _ gl..... t.hoo1r 11...... to

holp 0111 .. 'I*JPla cd .. ooaght to do the beat IN can throach the _ and IJVI>o<\1

el.8e to pt _ out or ~nt,.boul.d thIIt be ...... ated am iDtemod. In • other _ b7 WDtad 1111 to be Tfn"1 '""'" OD the bell u tar as that po1Jlt was ""..... ned. !!Ie tlw7 told the .torr or the ...... t1a> of the CIrand Rabbi. '!'here wre toto _ or it. Om...... s.on .. tAt the anm _. Raclnaa, am hia -C1'1vctrt tol!lRhor) that the "'... _t jJl'tijIIteCI the

~ am 0 __ h1III to elY it 121 _, lI'NDcil and Aral:d.C) 111>1 til.., told hill

that U he re1\l8Id, b7. the Egypt1aD "'.... , 1D~, ...ra CII1DC to 101;1 pabl1~ that ner:r J"" 121 l'ePt .. danprcua _ Jd#It be arreeted. So that mxI ... tbat threat hi qreed. '!'he other 'NNf.z or 111. atozy .. that they _ to the Rabbi • 8111 oa1.d, __ 1"" era an Egypt1.a _ 1"" _ this ltat, ut, or. 1t 1""

roll"" 111. 11Jla ot IarIotl IID4 re1'I!8I to _ th1a ata~t, ell J .... in the

ooalltI7 11111 be 1IOtqU8Iterad •• JDd he .... gl..... 11118 ch61ce • halt IilI hour betoft the _tlll8, the radlo _ the _ paopl. bad alrea<\T been oalled to hia __ -

that 'I "".... the tntarn.aw .... gl.... - thq Bat up the raiCl'OpiIonN _ tho

~ _ • halt an boa.r betorabaDd h ..... told, "Yota maka th1a __to

- 1i11eh thay JIl"IIIIINC1 to<' him) _ T&l"81ons _ _ U was. praporad atate

_ lIMch .... Iallled to h10 - "either ,... do th1a or we'll ~ the blrl

_ •• " lfar til. toto --.1.... thera!o", &reI litlar 7DIl do th1a or w arrnt •• ....,b0d7. or. lither ,... do thia or ... vUl __ all the .... w.s, ....) 16 _ .... _ two ftl'81cna. Both....no.. _ that h..... polt up to the _ ...

• hall' aD '-" bet..... em _ all __ he

'l'bq ".. 1D em til.,. eet up~ . 'l'bq called the _ toptb..-. Jdd he laIIokled _ em cI1d it.

I jan wrote dam twr ~ tor th1a _ COatereDC8. .... 100l poll>

11; top_ UIot th1a 11; _ 1OOl. OlIO tall... aid, "!lot...... 0. J_ wUl live

1D &tDPt 1D __• • " Another tan...... <1, ax th1Dk all tile J_ 1411 he apeJle

panic. " Another _ "'d, "110 t1Itve tor ~ Jw1eh ~t1ml at F.Qpt. JJ.l met

lave." "1OOladd up, 11;'. UIot hi I. blDw. _,~ 18 ~ tile _

• WJw 1D diftw_t ..,rda •

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Koni. For Herbert l'rtedma.n.

Immigration Janu&r7 through Juno fifty _uaand. J fi1'e. thouaand

ninet7 tour satiate Auguat five thouUlld fiT. IDlJl4;~

September through December twenty tour thousand IBkirLg ma.s111llA estimate

Jul,. through December tbirt7 fiTe thouBaDd and year. total eighty five

thoueand. IlIIl1gration plan for e1x months October thJ;"ougb March 1958 resarve thirt)' ...... n thouaand plu./eight thouaa.nd in .unt oj oni1>& up

Blmania other poeaible increases Fa.tern lCurope. Since po ..lbllit,.

.Rumanian unfreeze not unlike17 quite concelTable IOlln inerea ••••t1mate

plana 1957 though thi. nod.finite. Sugg ••t following publicit)' lin. quote • IBm1gration l1ret 81x months 1957 flfty thousand aDd tl~. remaining second alx month .. not far ehort vi \h 1a1gration 1950 continuing

NT letter will IUbatantiate tbi. eat11lat. aa feaaiblo U' tund.

a"fBi 1&bl e • •

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