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Growing Zantedeschia for Cut Flower Production

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Growing Zantedeschia for Cut Flower Production c a l l a 7 c a l l a 8 c a l l a 9 c a l l a 1 0 The right fertilising and greenhouse climate Harvesting the flowers is an art Working on a good tuber after flowering Proper hygiene during production prevents problems later for best results Harvest flowers on time Proper hygiene pays for itself Working on good tuber development Storage and preparation This chart lists the most important diseases (and pests) and the methods to control them. Erwinia is one of the most important The flowers are harvested once they are open and displaying Once harvested, place the flowers immediately in a clean Using the tubers for production following flowering can only If the tubers are to be sold dry or used for production for and commonly occurring diseases. Preventing stress and using proper hygiene largely reduce the risks of infections. Potassium more important than nitrogen Control temperature and humidity good colour. The right time for this is the day before the pail filled with clean water containing a chlorine tablet. be done with tubers planted in the spring. After flowering, another year, the schedule below must be followed. Dry Zantedeschia requires fertilising, but be sure not to apply A greenhouse temperature of 15-16°C is maintained after flower starts producing pollen. According to the Association Working with clean pails, clean water and using a bactericide continue to water and side dress moderately for around the tubers thoroughly after lifting and store them under cause symptoms prevention/control too much nitrogen in relationship to potassium. Too much planting. If possible, keep the soil temperature at 15-18°C. of Dutch Flower Auctions, this is stage 3 (see the photo such as a chlorine tablet is necessary to prevent bacterial 2 to 3 months. Maintain a greenhouse temperature of dry conditions with proper air circulation. Erwinia Affected leaves and stems turn dark Plant undamaged bulbs and prevent nitrogen can increase foliage production, decrease strength, Later during cultivation, once the leaves have unfurled, series). The pollen is clearly visible as yellow powder on growth resulting in slimy stems. Put the freshly harvested 17-18°C. Once the crop starts to turn yellow and shows Before planting, activate the tubers by storing them for 2 (bacteria) green, display rotten spots, become stress during growth. Plant in fresh reduce the number of flowers, and increase the risk of culls. the greenhouse temperature is usually kept at 18 to 20°C. the spike of the inflorescence. Do not put off harvesting flowers in a refrigerated chamber set at around 9-13°C. Later, signs of dying back, watering must be stopped. Once the to 4 weeks at 17-20°C at an RH of 80-85%. During this warm slimy and eventually fall over. The soil or potting soil that is free of The soil also has to provide sufficient quantities of other Depending on the amount of light, the temperature may be for too long because doing so will shorten keeping quality. after bunching and trimming the flowers to even their lengths, aerial parts of the crop have senesced, the tubers can be storage, the shoots will emerge; it also helps the tuber to tubers will also begin to rot and pathogens. Prevent mechanical elements, including trace elements. Simple or compound allowed to rise to a maximum of 25°C. Try to keep the soil Harvesting is best done in the morning when it is easiest to put them back into clean water containing a chlorine tablet. lifted. Trim away any leaf remnants to leave only a few start growing faster once planted. become malodorous. damage to the crop and tubers as fertilisers can be applied in various ways including mixing temperature below 20°C to limit the risk of damage from harvest a cool crop saturated with water. Briefly watering Store the flowers at 6 to 9°C. Keep the storage time as centimetres above the tuber. Lift the tubers carefully to well as high temperatures combined with a high RH. Do not provide too them in irrigation water. For uniform growth, be sure that Erwinia. More light benefits flower production and stem the crop very early in the morning makes it easier to harvest short as possible; as the flower ages, it will gradually turn prevent mechanical damage that could result in chalking much nitrogen when fertilising; the amount of potassium is about twice as much as nitrogen. quality, so try to make as much light as possible available the products. When the crop is limp (not fully saturated), green. Always place the flowers upright to prevent them during storage. Dry the Calla tubers thoroughly after lifting. prevent the growth of too much foliage. A normal basic dressing can be followed by side dressing to the crop during the spring and autumn. Shading with harvesting the flowers is more difficult; this leads to an from growing crookedly. Handle the flowers with care to later during cultivation. chalk or shade cloths is usually done during the summer to increased risk of pulling not only the main flower from the prevent mechanical damage. Processing the flowers also keep both the greenhouse and soil temperatures sufficiently plant but the second immature one and thus eliminating requires clean tables because the flowers can quickly storage drying preparation total storage time Rhizoctonia This fungus damages the shoot at the Use fresh soil or potting soil that is Conduct weed control before crop emergence low. Shading under these conditions also prevents the crop, this one as a usable product. become dirty. In general, adding nutrients for cut flowers Short-term storage 2 weeks at 17-23°C 2.5 months at 17-20°C 3-4 months (soil-borne point at which it emerges from the soil free of pathogens. Soil suspected of fungus) and exhibits as spots that look eaten being infected should be treated with Chemical weed control can be conducted before the and thus the flower stems, from remaining too short. When to the water will have very little effect on increasing keeping Medium-term storage 2 weeks at 17-23°C 1 month at 17°C + 13°C 4-6 months away. a fungicide. emergence of the crop. After emergence, the options are the crop comes into flower during the spring and autumn, quality although the sugar can sometimes prevent the Long-term storage 2 weeks at 17-23°C 1 month at 17°C + 9°C 4-8 months GROWING ZANTEDESCHIA more limited. Once the crop grows together, however, weed the greenhouse temperature can be lowered to 15 to 10°C stems from splitting open. The flowers can be kept for control is usually unnecessary. Use care in conducting at night. This slows crop development but intensifies flower up to two weeks. Botrytis Spots on leaves and flowers. A Botrytis Keep the crop dry to keep the fungus FOR CUT FLOWER PRODUCTION mechanical weed control in order to prevent damage to colour. The best possible RH during the day is 60 to 75%. (fungus) infection on the leaves is almost from germinating. If growing outside, always limited to a small spot and use a crop spray containing a fungicide q choosing the right planting material for production leaves and the roots in the upper soil level. Never let this drop below 50-60%. Try not to let the RH getting production off to a good start will not cause any problems. during flowering. practical tips for q exceed 75-85% at night. Neither the plants nor the tubers q producing flowers of high quality tolerate any frost. q keeping the crop healthy Pythium This fungus causes root rot that keeps Use fresh soil or potting soil that is (soil-borne the plant from absorbing water free of pathogens. fungus) properly. Soil suspected of being infected should be treated with a fungicide. Penicillium This blue-green fungus grows on and Store tubers under dry conditions and (fungus) sometimes in the tuber during storage. prevent mechanical damage. Infection grows particularly on places Provide sufficient air circulation to where the tuber has suffered mechani- prevent the microclimate surrounding cally damage and occurs under moist the tubers from developing a high RH. conditions. Infected tuber tissue is grey or brown. Thrips and aphids Thrips cause elongated spots or strips Prevent weeds during cultivation; (insects) on the flowers; aphids leave round control weeds outside the greenhouse green spots. Both these pests can as well. If thrips or aphids are identified, also transfer viruses. spray immediately before flowering with an insecticide. c a l l a 2 c a l l a 3 c a l l a 4 c a l l a 5 c a l l a 6 Goal-oriented scheduling and planting Tuber size, cultivar and dipping tubers in GA3 determine Plant only in suitable soil; otherwise, use boxes Plant carefully for a good start number of flowers A beautiful cut flower and pot plant best way to distribute flowering over time is to plant at Air-permeable soil for best growth they could root at 12-16°C in a cooler room. Once rooted, Plant tubers in an upright position and cover Table 2. Average planting densities per tuber size. The coloured Zantedeschia (also known as the Calla) can various times. One of the factors in the length of the The tubers can be grown in practically all types of soil, but the boxes could be housed. The medium preferred for this with enough substrate be used for cut flower production, pot plant production and flowering period is the number of flowers produced by The tubers flowering cultivar.
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