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Caracteristicas De Los Modos Digitales

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Caracteristicas De Los Modos Digitales DATOS GENERALES A SOLICITAR POR LA ACS PARA EL EMPLEO DE MODOS DIGITALES Nombre y Apellidos del solicitante: __________________________________ Indicativo de Radio: ____________ Dirección de la Estación: ___________________________________________ La interfaz utilizada para todos los modos digitales a no ser que se especifique lo contrario es la simple conexión de la salida del audio del receptor a la entrada de línea de la PC y la Salida de audio de la PC al micrófono o entrada al efecto según el tipo de audio. La activación del transmisor sería por VOX de la PC activado por el software. Modos Solicitados: BPSK, QPSK, BPSK-R, PSK-F y PSKAM Nombre Genérico: PSK, Phase Shift Keying, Modulación por salto de fase de la portadora. Softwares: MixWin, DigiPan, MMvari, MultiPSK, Fldigi, HRD, etc. País de Origen: Mayormente del Reino Unido y USA Tipo de datos que soporta: Texto, archivos Sistema Operativo: GNU/Linux, MS Windows según sea la necesidad y el programa usado. Requerimientos mínimos: Requerimientos mínimos: CPU 300 Mhz, 64 Mb RAM, Tarjeta de Sonido con soporte para captura y reproducción con al menos 8000Hz de bitrate y 10Mb de espacio en disco (varía con el tipo de software). Ancho de banda utilizado en la transmisión: El ancho de banda está intrínsecamente ligado a la velocidad en baudios, o sea el ancho de banda ocupado es en Hz lo que la velocidad en Baudios. Por ejemplo BPSK-500 tiene 500 baudios de velocidad y ocupa 500 Hz de ancho de banda. Tipo de emisión empleada: Designación del tipo de emisión por la ITU: G1D, G1B, J1D, J1B, F1D, F1B Velocidad o velocidades de transmisión de datos: 2, 5, 10, 16, 20, 31, 40, 50, 63, 125, 250, 500 y 1000 baudios. Descripción del funcionamiento del modo digital (tipo de modulación, codificación, alfabeto utilizado, corrección de errores, técnica de compresión, etc): Estos modos usan como base de su modulación el salto de fase de la portadora, utilizando diferentes técnicas para lograr este salto y con diferentes velocidades y por ende anchos de banda. BPSK / QPSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying / Quadrature Phase Shift Keying: Salto binario de fase de la portadora / salto en cuadratura de la fase de la portadora, ideado por Peter Martinez, G3PLX BPSK es modulación por salto de fase binaria de la portadora (también se conoce como 2-PSK, y en la práctica es referido simplemente como PSK), QPSK es modulación por salto de fase de la portadora en cuadratura (con 90 grados de diferencia o 4-PSK). PSK-R: Modificación para incluir robustez (R de 'robust') ante fallos por errores en la recepción; usando código por convolución y otra técnicas sacrificando velocidad por rendimiento. Ideado por John Douyere, VK2ETA. PSKAM: Variante de PSK usando técnicas de modulación QAM. MFSK y THOR Nombre Genérico: MFSK, Multi Frequency Shift Keying, Modulación por múltiples saltos de frecuencias o tonos. Softwares: MixWin, Fldigi, , MultiPSK, HRD, etc. País de Origen: MFSK: Nueva Zelanda – Italia y THOR: Desconocido Tipo de datos que soporta: Texto, archivos, imágenes Sistema Operativo: GNU/Linux, MS Windows según sea la necesidad y el programa usado. Requerimientos mínimos: Requerimientos mínimos: CPU 300 Mhz, 64 Mb RAM, Tarjeta de Sonido con soporte para captura y reproducción con al menos 8000Hz de bitrate y 10Mb de espacio en disco (varía con el tipo de software). Ancho de banda utilizado en la transmisión: MFSK: (Ancho de banda prefijado al número de tonos, entre 154 y 1260 Hz) y para THOR : (el Ancho de banda prefijado al número de tonos, entre 173 y 524Hz) 18 tonos en todo momento. Tipo de emisión empleada: Designación por la ITU MFSK texto y THOR: F1D, F1B, J1D, J1B y MFSK imágenes: F1C, J1C. MFSK se refiere a múltiples códigos binarios expresados en tonos, lo que siempre mantiene constante la amplitud de la señal portadora y varían en la frecuencia. Por lo que siempre la Velocidad o velocidades de transmisión de datos: MFSK 4, 8, 11, 22, 31, 32 y 64 baudios y para THOR: entre 3.9 y 21.5 baudios. Descripción del funcionamiento del modo digital (tipo de modulación, codificación, alfabeto utilizado, corrección de errores, técnica de compresión, etc): Familia de modos de modulación que tienen en común el uso de uno o varios tonos desplazados en frecuencia, con diferentes velocidades y número de tonos. MFSK: Es el mejor representante de esta familia, un solo tono en el tiempo desplazado en varias frecuencias manteniendo la fase del tono continua. Fue diseñado por Murray ZL1BPU y Nino IZ8BLY y tiene integradas funciones FEC con el estándar NASA. THOR: Es una variación de DominoEX (usa IFK+) con mejoras para comunicados en HF con condiciones marginales, sobre todo en condiciones de múltiples caminos y cuando existe el efecto Doppler. WSJT: Nombre Genérico: WSJT, Weak Signal Joe Taylor, Familia de modos inventados por K1JT. Softwares: WSPR, WSJT, JTDX, MultiPSK País de Origen: Estados Unidos. Tipo de datos que soporta: Texto, informaciones simples. Sistema Operativo: GNU/Linux, MS Windows según sea la necesidad y el programa usado. Requerimientos mínimos: Requerimientos mínimos: CPU 300 Mhz, 64 Mb RAM, Tarjeta de Sonido con soporte para captura y reproducción con al menos 16000Hz de bitrate y 10Mb de espacio en disco (varía con el tipo de software). Ancho de banda utilizado en la transmisión: WSPR: 6 Hz, FSK441: 1765 Hz, JT65: 1100Hz. Tipo de emisión empleada: Todos según designación por la ITU usan F2D. Velocidad o velocidades de transmisión de datos: WSPR: 1,46 baudios, FSK441: 41 baudios, JT65: 0.3 caracteres por segundo, JT6M: 21,53 baudios. Descripción del funcionamiento del modo digital (tipo de modulación, codificación, alfabeto utilizado, corrección de errores, técnica de compresión, etc): Modos creados por K1JT, Joe Taylor (Premio Nobel de Física 1993) como una familia, dedicados a las señales débiles ya sea en HF, como en comunicados por dispersión meteórica y rebote lunar en VHF. Internacionalmente se les reconoce como una familia, por eso se presentan aquí con su propia categoría independientemente de que usen diferentes variaciones de MFSK para modular sus señales. WSPR (MEPT_JT): Weak Signal Propagation Reporter; modo dedicado a prospección de las bandas de HF en cuanto a propagación, es una especie modo orientado a radiofaros de baja potencia digitales. También conocido por “whisper” (susurro) Es un MFSK de 4 tonos continuos con un esquema de codificación con FEC que lleva el indicativo de la estación, el Grid Locator y la potencia de la transmisión en dBm. El autor designa el modo como “MEPT_JT” (Manned Experimental Propagation Tests, by K1JT), pero el nombre WSPR ha prevalecido en la práctica. FSK441: Frequency Shift Keying 441, destinado a contactos por dispersión meteórica en VHF/UHF. Se basa en un MFSK con 4 tonos a 41 baudios usando un FEC propio. El nombre como se puede apreciar viene del modo los tonos y los baudios. JT65: Este modo usa intervalos de 1 minuto de RX/TX sincronizados al tiempo UTC con un MFSK de 65 portadoras codificadas con un esquema propio, FEC incluido. Fue diseñado para contactos de rebote lunar en VHF/UHF. JT6M: Variación del FSK441, destinado especialmente para la dispersión meteórica en la banda de 6M aunque se puede usar en VHF/UHF. HSMM(DSSS, FHSS, OFDM), DRM-H, FDMDV, ROS, CLOVER, WINMOR, CHIP, Q15X25, RFSM o 110A. Nombre Genérico: Spread Spectrum, modulación por espectro distribuido. Softwares: Drivers incluidos en el sistema operativo, y sobre estos varios softwares para intercambio teclado a teclado, voz y alternativamente vídeo; para el uso de los estándares de la IEEE, Ros Software para el modo ROS, MultiPSK, MixWin , DIGTRX, WinDRM, EasyPAL, HamDReAM y otros para DRM-H, DMFDV y WINMOR: RMS-Express, RFSM, Alet. País de Origen: Estados Unidos, Español, Reino Unido, Japon, Rusia Tipo de datos que soporta: Imágenes, Datos, Archivos, Multimedia, Video , Audio, etc. Sistema Operativo: GNU/Linux, MS Windows según sea la necesidad y el programa usado. Requerimientos mínimos: Requerimientos mínimos: CPU 300 Mhz, 64 Mb RAM, Tarjeta de Sonido con soporte para captura y reproducción con al menos 16000Hz de bitrate y 10Mb de espacio en disco (varía con el tipo de software). Ancho de banda utilizado en la transmisión: DRM-H: 2150Hz, FDMDV: 1125 Hz, ROS: 500Hz o 2kHz, CLOVER: 500Hz o 2kHz, WINMOR: 500 o 1600 Hz, CHIP64 / CHIP128: 200Hz, Q15X25: 2,5kHz. Tipo de emisión empleada: DRM-H: J2D. F2D, FDMDV: J2E, F2E, ROS: J2D, F2D, CLOVER: J2B, J2D, WINMOR: J2D, CHIP64 / CHIP128: J2D Q15X25: J2D, F2D. Velocidad o velocidades de transmisión de datos: DRM-H: varia entre 997 y 4800 bits/s, FDMDV: 1450 bits/s, ROS: 4, 8 y 16 baudios, CLOVER: 63 bits/s a 3 Kbits/s, WINMOR: 46 o 93 baudios, CHIP64 / CHIP128: 37 y 21 baudios Q15X25: 2,5 a 5,0 kbits/s. Descripción del funcionamiento del modo digital (tipo de modulación, codificación, alfabeto utilizado, corrección de errores, técnica de compresión, etc): Conjunto de modos de modulación digitales comprendidos bajo un concepto conocido como "espectro distribuido" (Spread Spectrum) que se basa en utilizar un ancho de banda superior al necesitado por los canales convencionales para distribuir la señal en el dominio de la frecuencia y el tiempo, incluyendo en esta técnica la utilización de multiplexación por la utilización de múltiples portadoras moduladas. Los tres primeros miembros de esta familia pertenecen a un modo que se ha dado en llamar HSMM, seguir leyendo para más detalles. DSSS: Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum, espectro distribuido por secuencia directa, como por ejemplo la utilizada por el estándar IEEE 802.11b (Origen: USA). OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing, modulación usando multiplexación por división de frecuencias ortogonales, empleada por ejemplo por los estándares IEEE 802.11g, 802.11a y 802.11n.
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