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Variation in the Species Richness of Parasitoid Wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae and Rhyssinae) Across Sites on Different Continents

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Variation in the Species Richness of Parasitoid Wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae and Rhyssinae) Across Sites on Different Continents This is a repository copy of Variation in the species richness of parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae and Rhyssinae) across sites on different continents. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/125769/ Version: Accepted Version Article: Gomez, Isrrael, Saaksjarvi, Ilari, Mayhew, Peter John orcid.org/0000-0002-7346-6560 et al. (6 more authors) (2018) Variation in the species richness of parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae and Rhyssinae) across sites on different continents. Insect conservation and diversity. ISSN 1752-458X https://doi.org/10.1111/icad.12281 Reuse Items deposited in White Rose Research Online are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved unless indicated otherwise. They may be downloaded and/or printed for private study, or other acts as permitted by national copyright laws. 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[email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Insect Conservation and Diversity Variation in the species richness of parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae:For PimplinaeReview and Rhyssinae) Only across sites on different continents Journal: Insect Conservation and Diversity Manuscript ID ICDIV-16-0190.R2 Manuscript Type: Ori inal Article Date Submitted by the Author: 23-Oct-2017 Complete List of Authors: Gome,, Isrrael. /iodi0ersity and 1n0ironmental Sciences Saa2s3ar0i, Ilari. 4ni0ersity of Tur2u, 5oolo ical Museum, Department of /iolo y Mayhew, 7eter. 4ni0ersity of 8or2, Department of /iolo y 7ollet, Marc. IN/O, Research Group Species Di0ersity Rey Del Castillo, Carmen Nie0es-Aldrey, Jos:. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de /iodi0ersidad y /iolo ;a 10oluti0a /road, Ga0in. The Natural History Museum, Department of 1ntomolo y Roininen, Hei22i Tuomisto, Hanna. Turun 8liopisto Ama,onia, /iodi0ersity, /io eo raphy, 7eru, Rhyssinae, Rain forest, Keywords: 7implinae, Latitudinal radient Page 1 of 49 Insect Conservation and Diversity 1 2 3 Variation in the species richness of parasitoid wasps (Ichneumonidae: Pimplinae and 4 5 Rhyssinae) across sites on different continents 6 7 8 Gómez, Isrrael C.1,8, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.1, Mayhew, Peter J. 2, Pollet, Marc 3, Rey del Castillo, 9 10 4 4 5 6 11 Carmen , Nieves-Aldrey, J se-Luis , ,r ad, Gavin R. , R ininen .eikki 0 1u mist , 12 2 13 .anna 14 15 1 16 3 l gical Museum, ,i diversity 5nit, 6I-20014 5niversity f 1urku, 6inland. 17 18 2 For Review Only 19 Department f ,i l gy, 5niversity f Y rk, .eslingt n, Y rk YO10 5DD, 5K 20 21 22 3 Department f Ent m l gy, R yal ,elgian Institute f Natural Sciences (R,INS), ,-1000 23 24 ,russels; Research Gr up 1errestrial Ec l gy (1EREC), 5niversity f Ghent (5Gent), ,- 25 26 A000 Ghent; and Research Gr up Species Diversity (SPECDIB), Research Institute f r 27 28 29 Nature and 6 rest (IN,O), ,-1020 ,russels, all ,elgium. 30 31 4 32 Departament de ,i diversidad y ,i l gCa Ev lutiva, Muse Naci nal de Ciencias 33 34 Naturales (CSIC) Madrid, Spain. 35 36 5 37 Department f Life Sciences, the Natural .ist ry Museum, Cr mwell R ad, L nd n SD2 38 39 5,D, 5K. 40 41 42 6 Department f ,i l gy, 5niversity f Eastern 6inland. 6I-80101 J ensuu, 6inland. 43 44 45 2 Department f ,i l gy, 6I-20014 5niversity f 1urku, 6inland. 46 47 48 8C rresp nding auth rE Gmez, Isrrael C. (isrrael.g mezFyah .c m) 49 50 51 Ph neG358 2333 5442 52 53 54 Running titleE Species-richness patterns in parasit id wasps 55 56 57 58 59 1 60 Insect Conservation and Diversity Page 2 of 49 1 2 3 ABSTRACT 4 5 6 1 1he ld idea that parasit id wasps (Ichneum nidae) sh w an inverse latitudinal diversity 7 8 gradient has recently been challenged, but h w ichneum nid species richness varies acr ss 9 10 11 the gl be is still n t well underst d. De carried ut field invent ries in 21 sites n three 12 13 c ntinents t clarify this Iuesti n, f cusing n the subfamilies Pimplinae and Rhyssinae. Our 14 15 t tal sampling eff rt was 628 Malaise trap m nths and the t tal catch exceeded 65,000 16 17 individuals. Our main f cus was in tw intensively invent ried areas in Amaz nia, t gether 18 For Review Only 19 20 yielding 252 Malaise trap m nths and 26,3A0 ichneum nid individuals. 21 22 23 2 1 expand the sc pe and assess gl bal species diversity patterns f the Pimplinae and 24 25 Rhyssinae, we c mpiled published species lists fr m a t tal f A2 study l calities ar und the 26 27 w rld. 1he highest bserved species richness in any l cality, 105 species, was f und in ne f 28 29 ur field sites in Peruvian Amaz nia. N ne f the ther l calities rep rted m re than 20 30 31 species, even the nes with a sampling eff rt c mparable t urs. 32 33 34 3 Despite the l cal th r ughness f ur field invent ries in Amaz nia, data analyses indicated 35 36 37 that a substantial pr p rti n f the parasit id wasp species ccurring in each site remained 38 39 un bserved. 40 41 42 4 1he highest l cal species richness values were rep rted fr m the tr pics. wever, 43 44 parasit id wasps are still t sparsely sampled t draw s lid c nclusi ns ab ut whether r n t 45 46 their species richness f ll ws a particular latitudinal trend, and if s , where their richness 47 48 49 peaks. 50 51 52 ey words. Amaz nia, bi diversity, bi ge graphy, latitudinal gradient, Peru, Pimplinae, rain 53 54 f rest, Rhyssinae. 55 56 57 58 59 2 60 Page 3 of 49 Insect Conservation and Diversity 1 2 3 INTRODUCTION 4 5 1he parasit id wasp family Ichneum nidae is the m st species-rich hymen pteran family, 6 7 8 and it is am ng the m st diverse animal gr ups n Earth. Interestingly, it has been suggested 9 10 that the Ichneum nidae is less species-rich in tr pical regi ns than at higher latitudes, i.e. that 11 12 the family presents an inverse latitudinal diversity gradient (e.g. Owen 0 Owen, 1A24; 13 14 1imms et al. 2015). Over the years, vari us hyp theses have been pr p sed t explain why 15 16 ichneum nids are relatively species-p r in the tr pics (Sant s 0 Kuicke, 2011). wever, 17 18 For Review Only 19 the high number f newly described taxa in recent tax n mic publicati ns sh ws that tr pical 20 21 ichneum nids are still inc mpletely kn wn (e.g. Aguiar 0 Ram s, 2011; ,r ad et al., 2011; 22 23 Sant s 0 Aguiar, 2013). 1heref re, further large-scale and l ng-term studies are needed, 24 25 especially in the tr pics, t impr ve ur kn wledge ab ut gl bal ichneum nid diversity 26 27 28 patterns. 29 30 31 Amaz nia is the largest rainf rest area in the w rld, but als ne f the least kn wn in terms 32 33 f its insect fauna. Alth ugh western Amaz nia is fam us f r its high diversity in several 34 35 animal and plant gr ups (Gentry, 1A88, 1AA2; R bins, 1AA6; R bbins 0 Opler, 1AA2; 36 37 Patters n et al., 2006), s me early auth rs pr p sed that ichneum nid diversity is l w in 38 39 40 Amaz nia (P rter, 1A28). 1hese studies were based n small data sets, and the situati n has 41 42 changed in the 2000s, as new studies n Amaz nian ichneum nid diversity have challenged 43 44 the ld paradigm (Sksjrvi et al., 2004; Gmez et al., 2015; Beijalainen et al., 2013). 45 46 47 In this study, we c mpare bservati ns f l cal species richness f pimplines and rhyssines 48 49 acr ss latitudes n the basis f field sampling we carried ut in 21 sites n three c ntinents. 50 51 1he tw m st intensively studied areas were in Peruvian Amaz nia, where the sampled 52 53 54 l calities were selected s as t span different f rest types (Sksjrvi et al., 2004; G mLz et 55 56 57 58 59 3 60 Insect Conservation and Diversity Page 4 of 49 1 2 3 al., 2014, 2015). M st sampling was d ne with Malaise traps, but in the tw Peruvian areas, 4 5 we als used ther sampling meth ds f r c mparis n. 6 7 8 1he main aims f this study are 1) t d cument h w species accumulati n f pimpline and 9 10 11 rhyssine wasps relates t sampling eff rt in ur tw well-sampled Amaz nian sites, and 2) t 12 13 assess gl bal patterns in pimpline and rhyssine species richness using data fr m b th ur wn 14 15 invent ries and fr m publicati ns f ther researchers.
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