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Volume I Existing Situation and Main Issues 2016-2036 Volume I Existing Situation and Main Issues 2016-2036 REPUBLIC OF GHANA MINISTRY OF LANDS AND NATURAL RESOURCES SECOND LAND ADMINISTRATION PROJECT (LAP II) ASHANTI REGIONAL SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK (2016-2036) FINAL REPORT VOLUME I: Existing Situation & Main Issues MAY, 2017 SUBMITTED BY: Volume I Existing Situation and Main Issues 2016-2036 FINAL REPORT Ashanti Region Spatial Development Framework 2016-2036 Volume I: Existing Situation and Main Issues THE FINAL REPORT CONSISTS OF THREE VOLUMES: Volume I: Existing Situation and Main Issues Volume II: Spatial Development Strategies/Recommendations/Policies Volume III: Programme of Action and Investment Plan This volume is organized under the following main headings 1. Introduction What the ARSDF is, the time period, planning area, methodology used 2. The Current Situation, challenges and opportunities The current situation is organised into sub-sections: i. The geophysical characteristics, climate, topography, water resources and drainage, ii. Population and human settlements iii. Economy iv. Infrastructure v. Social Development vi. Environment FINDINGS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN EACH SECTION ARE ON PAGES EDGED BLUE i Volume I Existing Situation and Main Issues 2016-2036 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF TABLES ..................................................................................................................... viii LIST OF CHART ......................................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. LIST OF ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................. x Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... xii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................... xiii GENERAL INTRODUCTION ............................................................................ 1 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 The 'Framework' ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1.1 The Framework and Ghana's Planning System ................................................. 1 1.2 The "3-tier" spatial planning system for Ghana ......................................................... 1 1.3 ARSDF planning area and Surroundings .................................................................. 3 1.3.1 Development Zones .......................................................................................... 3 1.3.2 The policy context for the ARSDF ..................................................................... 4 1.3.3 The ARSDF and related levels of plans ............................................................. 4 1.4 The methodology for the preparation of the ARSDF ................................................. 4 1.4.1 Analysis Themes ............................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 ARSDF and other Planning Periods .................................................................. 6 1.4.3 Updating and Review ........................................................................................ 6 1.5 Benefits and Uses of ARSDF ................................................................................... 6 1.6 Main Objectives ........................................................................................................ 8 1.6.1 Specific Objectives ............................................................................................ 8 1.7 Possible outcomes of the ARSDF............................................................................. 8 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS, DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES .......................................................................................10 2 GEOPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS ................................10 2.1 Climate and Vegetation ...........................................................................................10 2.2 Topography .............................................................................................................11 2.3 Rainfall and Temperature Patterns ..........................................................................11 2.4 Water Resources and Drainage ..............................................................................12 2.5 Forest and Game Reserves.....................................................................................13 2.6 Mineral Resource ....................................................................................................14 2.7 Summary of Key Findings (geophysical characteristics) ..........................................16 ii Volume I Existing Situation and Main Issues 2016-2036 3 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND HUMAN SETTLEMENTS DEVELOPMENT ..........................................................17 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................17 3.2 Population density and growth – in the national perspective ....................................17 3.2.1 Population Density ...........................................................................................17 3.2.2 Population growth.............................................................................................17 3.3 Historical Trends of Regional Population .................................................................18 3.4 Urban Population Growth in Ashanti Region ............................................................19 3.5 Rural population growth ...........................................................................................20 3.6 Migration trends .......................................................................................................21 3.7 District Population ...................................................................................................21 3.7.1 Distribution of the Region's population per district ............................................21 3.7.2 District Population Growth Rates ......................................................................22 3.7.3 Leading Districts in Population Growth .............................................................23 3.7.4 Declining Districts .............................................................................................23 3.7.5 District Population Densities .............................................................................24 3.7.6 District Urbanisation Levels (most and least urbanised) ...................................25 3.7.7 Rural Populations and Urban centres ...............................................................27 3.7.8 Urban Settlement Structure ..............................................................................27 3.8 Trends in urbanization and settlement growth .........................................................28 3.8.1 Historical Urban Expansion – District Dynamics ...............................................30 3.8.2 Districts’ Share of Built-up, 1990 – 2015 ...........................................................31 3.8.3 Urban Expansion Intensity ................................................................................32 3.9 Summary of Key Findings, Challenges and Opportunities .......................................33 3.9.1 Findings ...........................................................................................................33 3.9.2 Challenges .......................................................................................................33 3.9.3 Opportunities ....................................................................................................34 4 ECONOMY ..................................................................................................35 4.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................35 4.2 Employment by Sector: existing situation and recent trends ....................................35 4.3 Trade and balance of trade .....................................................................................37 4.3.1 Kumasi as trade center ....................................................................................38 4.3.2 Level of Foreign and Direct Investment ............................................................39 4.3.3 Relative productivity levels and contribution of Ashanti Region to National Economy ........................................................................................................................40 4.4 Production and Productivity Levels by Economic Sub-Sectors ................................41 4.5 Areas of Major Economic Significance ....................................................................43 iii Volume I Existing Situation and Main Issues 2016-2036 4.6 Sectoral spatial analysis of the Ashanti Region economy: agriculture ......................47 4.6.1 Agriculture in Ashanti Region ...........................................................................47 4.6.2 Sectoral spatial analysis of the Ashanti Region economy: industry ...................63 4.6.3 Sectoral spatial analysis of the Ashanti Region
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